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The similarity of the Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus) and the White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons) is one of the main problems in the conservation of the WWF Finland Report No 20 – NOF Rapportserie Report No 1-2004 Lesser White-fronted Goose. Size alone can not be used to separate the species beacuse of the con- siderable variation in body size within both of the species. The head of the Lesser White-front is smaller and neater, more rounded (sometimes the head appears to be box-shaped)with a relatively bigger eye and steeper WWF Finland Report No 20 forehead than in White-fronted Goose. The bill is relatively much shorter than in White-fronted Goose and almost triangular in shape. The neck of NOF Rapportserie Report No 1-2004 Lesser White-front is distinctly shorter and relatively thicker than in the White-front. In a flock on the ground, a good hint for sorting out a Lesser White-front is the overall darkness of the bird. In addition, Lesser White- fronts normally show a more upright posture than White-fronts. The wings of the Lesser White-front are relatively somewhat longer, reaching beyond the tail (when fully grown), but careful observation is necessary because also White-fronts can sit in a position where the wings reach beyond the Fennoscandian tail. Lesser White-fronted Goose conservation project Flight identification Report 2001–2003 The colouring of the wing of Lesser White-fronted Goose and White-fronted Goose is very similar. The primary coverts and the base of a few outer- most primaries are rather light blue–grey in both species.Both of the species has one clearly visible white wing bar, formed by the white tips of Above: adult Lesser White-fronted (second individual from the greater secondary coverts. below) Goose in a flock of White-fronted geese Below. The ground colour of head and neck is one of the The smaller size of the Lesser White-front alone is not always a good most important and useful features to separate adult Lesser feature in flight identification, but the shorter neck and bill, and the rela- White-fronted Goose from White-fronted Goose. In the Lesser tively somewhat narrower wings of the Lesser White-front are flight White-front (lower), the head and the upper two thirds of the Fennoscandian Lesser White-fronted Goose conservation project – Report 2001–2003 charasteristics that should be paid attention to. This, combined with the neck is quite uniformly dark brown, distinctly darker than in the White-fronted Goose (upper). In the White-fronted Goose, shape of the head and the uniform darkness of the head and the upper only a narrowzone at the rear margin of the white blazeis neck of the Lesser White-fronted Goose are often the only valuable fea- dark brown, contrasting clearly with the light brown head tures for flight identification.Also the typical, clear (not rasping) and whis- and neck. tling"tu-yu(-yu)" voice of the Lesser White-front is an useful idenfication The short triangular bill of the Lesser White-front is brighter character for experienced observers. Lesser White-front lacks the sharp pink in colour than the bill of the White-front, and the white "click-click-click-click" call of the White-fronted Goose. blaze reaches further up on crown.Both species show much variation in the sizeofthewhite blaze; some individu- The identification is easier if a direct comparison with the other species is als (especially 2nd calendar-year birds in spring) have very small white blaze and the shape of the blaze should not be possible. Especially single juvenile Lesser White-fronts in a flock of White- used as an identification feature alone. fronted Geese are extremely difficult to discover and identify. Even if the swollen bright-yellow eye ring of the Lesser Further information on identification: White-fronted Goose is prominent at short distances, it is Øien,I.J.,Tolvanen,P.,Aarvak,T.&Markkola,J.1999:Occurrenceandidentification normally not visible beyond 300 metres, but exceptionally the of Lesser White-fronted Goose. – Alula 5:18–23. eye-ring can be seen with a good telescope at a distance of c.600 metres. It is also worth noting that c. 20% of White- fronts of the nominate race show a thin dull yellow eye ring. Edited by TomasAarvak and Sami Timonen Adult White-fronted Goose Adult Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons albifrons Anser erythropus Illustrations © Jari Kostet 1999 The Fennoscandian Lesser White-fronted Goose conservation project is sponsored by The Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management The Finnish Ministry of the Environment Editors: Tomas Aarvak and Sami Timonen Contributors: TomasAarvak, Aki Arkiomaa, Åke Andersson, Evgeny Bragin, Tatyana Bragina, Alexander Grinchenko, Riikka Kaartinen, Aappo Luukkonen, Juha Markkola, Oleg Yu. Mineev, Yurij N. Mineev, Gustaf Nordenswan, Ingar Jostein Øien, Hakon Persson, Vladimir Popenko, Jyrki Pynnönen, János Tar, Sami Timonen, Petteri Tolvanen and Maire Toming Recommended citation: Kaartinen, R. 2004: Monitoring the autumn migration of Lesser White-fronted Goose in Varangerfjord area, Norway, in 2001-2003. In: Aarvak, T. & Timonen, S. (eds.): Fennoscandian Lesser White-fronted Goose conservation project. Report 2001-2003. - WWF Finland Report No 20 & Norwegian Ornithological Society, NOF Rapportserie report no. 1-2004: 27-28. Layout: Kalle Ruokolainen Front cover illustration: © Jari Kostet 2003 Back cover cartoon: © Jari Kostet 1999 Printed by: Tornion kirjapaino, Tornio 2004 Number of copies: 600 WWF Finland Report No 20 ISSN 0788-0804 ISBN 952-5242-10-2 NOF Rapportserie, Rapport Nr. 1-2004 ISSN 0805-4932 ISBN 82-7852-060-7 Published by WWF Finland Lintulahdenkatu 10, FIN-00500 Helsinki, Finland tel. +358 9 7740100, fax +358 9 77402139 http://www.wwf.fi and Norwegian Ornithological Society (NOF) Sandgt.30B, N-7012 Trondheim, Norway tel. +47 73526040, fax. +47 73524090 http://www.birdlife.no WWF Finland Report No 20 Norsk Ornitologisk Forening (NOF) NOF Rapportserie Rapport Nr. 1-2004 Fennoscandian Lesser White-fronted Goose conservation project Report 2001–2003 Edited by Tomas Aarvak Sami Timonen © Jari Kostet 2003 Helsinki–Klæbu 2004 CONTENTS Introduction 5 Petteri Tolvanen, Tomas Aarvak, Ingar J. Øien & Sami Timonen Monitoring of Lesser White-fronted Geese in western Estonia in 2001–2003 9 Petteri Tolvanen, Maire Toming & Jyrki Pynnönen The spring migration of the Lesser White-fronted Goose on Bothnian Bay coast, Finland, in 2001-2003 14 Juha Markkola, Aappo Luukkonen & Ari Leinonen Monitoring of staging Lesser White-fronted Geese at the Valdak Marshes, Norway, in the years 2001-2003 19 Tomas Aarvak & Ingar Jostein Øien Monitoring spring migration of Lesser White-fronted Goose in Finnish and Norwegian Lapland, and sur- 25 veys in former core breeding area in Finland in 2001-2003 Riikka Kaartinen Monitoring the autumn migration of Lesser White-fronted Goose in Varangerfjord area, Norway, in 2001–2003 27 Riikka Kaartinen & Jyrki Pynnönen The autumn migration survey of Lesser White-fronted Goose in Bothnian Bay area, Finland, in 2002 29 Aappo Luukkonen & Juha Markkola Field survey of Lesser White-fronted Goose at the Kola Peninsula, north-western Russia, in June 2001 30 Sami Timonen & Petteri Tolvanen Migration of Lesser White-fronted Goose in Hungary and protection of their Hungarian staging sites 33 János Tar Inventories and catching attempts of Lesser White-fronted Geese at Lake Kulykol, Kazakstan, in 2002 and 2003 36 Tomas Aarvak, Aki Arkiomaa, Petteri Tolvanen & Ingar J. Øien Conservation work for the wetlands in Kustanay region, north-western Kazakstan, in 2001–2003 41 Petteri Tolvanen, Tatyana Bragina & Evgeny Bragin Distribution of Lesser White-fronted Goose in the Malozemelskaya Tundra in Northern Russia 44 Oleg Yu. Mineev & Yurij N. Mineev Survey of wintering Lesser White-fronted Geese in Crimea, Ukraine in 2002 47 Tomas Aarvak, Alexander Grinchenko, Gustaf Nordenswan, Vladimir Popenko & Jyrki Pynnönen Lesser White-fronted Geese shot in Spain in the winters 1985/86-2000/01 50 Hakon Persson The reintroduction of the Lesser White-fronted Goose in Swedish Lapland – a summary for 2000-2003 51 Åke Andersson 52 SHORT NEWS 52 Winter bird survey in the Lower Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River Basin, China 52 The occurence and protection status of the Lesser White-fronted Goose in Georgia 53 New spring observations of Lesser White-fronted Geese migrating across south and south east regions of Kazakhstan 53 Illegal hunting in Norway 53 New web site: Portal to the Lesser White-fronted Goose 53 The entire European breeding population of Lesser White-fronted Goose wintering in the Evros delta, Greece? 54 New threats to the core breeding area of the Fennoscandian Lesser White-fronted Geese 55 An informative web site for Red Data books in central Asia Fennoscandian Lesser White-fronted Goose conservation project – Report 2001–2003 55 THE RED DATA BOOK of the Republic of Uzbekistan has been published in 2003 APPENDIX. Publications of the Fennoscandian Lesser White-fronted Goose conservation project during the 56 report period 4 Tolvanen et al: Introduction Photo. A flock of Lesser White-fronted Geese in flight at Lake Kulykol, north-western Kazakstan. © Petteri Tolvanen, October 2002 he Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus, subsequently referred to as Introduction LWfG) is the most threatened arctic goose species of the Palearctic region, and T the populations throughout the range from Fennoscandia to easternmost Siberia Petteri Tolvanen, Tomas Aarvak, are still declining (Lorentsen et al. 1999). At the Valdak Marshes (Finnmark, Nor- Ingar J. Øien & Sami Timonen way), the most important staging area in the Nordic countries, the spring staging population has decreased by approximately one third since 1990 (Aarvak & Øien 2004, pp 19-24 in this report). The other traditionally important spring staging area of the Fennoscandian population, the Bothnian Bay coast in Finland, has experi- enced a decrease by more than 85% since 1990 and this site hosted less than 10 individuals in spring 2003 (Markkola & Luukkonen 2004, pp.