FSD1019
Polling in Finnish Presidential Elections 1994, Part 1
Codebook
FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Polling in Finnish Presidential Elections 1994, Part 1 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2018.
This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 (14.8.2000) of the data.
Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 University of Tampere
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$ Koodikirjoitin.py v35 @ 2018-01-25 12:03:08.802000 $ To the reader
This codebook is part of the data FSD1019 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If neces- sary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive:
Borg, Sami (University of Tampere): Polling in Finnish Presidential Elections 1994, Part 1 [dataset]. Version 1.0 (2000-08-14). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1019
The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication informa- tion received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Dis- tribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a re- spondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives ’don’t want to say’ or ’can’t say’ as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.
Contents
1 Study description 1 1.1 Titles ...... 1 1.2 Subject description ...... 1 1.3 Structure and collection of the data ...... 2 1.4 Use of data ...... 3
2 Variables 5
3 Indexes 23 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence ...... 23 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order ...... 25
A Abbreviations of Finnish Political Parties 27
B Questionnaire in Finnish 29
i
Chapter 1
Study description
1.1 Titles
Titles and data version: Polling in Finnish Presidential Elections 1994, Part 1 Titles and data version in Finnish: Kannatusmittaustutkimus 1994, osa 1 This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 (14.8.2000) of the data.
1.2 Subject description
Authoring entity
Borg, Sami (University of Tampere)
Copyright statement for the data
According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor.
Depositor
Borg, Sami (University of Tampere)
Date of deposit
9.8.1999
Keywords parliamentary elections; political behaviour; political support; presidential elections; public opinion polls; voting; voting behaviour
1 1. Study description
Topic Classification
Fields of Science Classification: social sciences CESSDA Classification: elections; political behaviour and attitudes
Series description
The data belong to the series:
Individual datasets
Individual datasets that do not belong to any series.
Abstract
The dataset is the first part of a survey studying voter opinions on polling, and the impact of polling on the 1994 presidential elections in Finland. The respondents were asked by what name they call polls measuring support for the presidential candidates and political parties. Next questions asked when they had voted in the first round of the presidential elections, how often they had seen poll ratings of different candidates in the media, and whether they had discussed these ratings with others. Views on to what extent polls affected people’s choice of candidate were studied. Several questions focused on the impact of polls on the respondents’ decision to vote in the elections, voting tactics, and choice of candidate. The respondents were asked how reliable they had thought the polls published before the first round were. The respondents’ voting behaviour was studied by asking whether they had voted in the first round, whom they had voted for, whether they had voted in advance in the second round, and how certain they were that they would vote for the candidate they supported at the time of the interview. They were also asked what party they would vote for if the parliamentary elections were held at that time. Background variables included the respondent’s gender, age, basic and vocational education, economic activity, province of residence, and municipality type.
1.3 Structure and collection of the data
Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Analysis or observation unit type: Individual Universe: Enfranchised Finnish population living in Finland. (18 years of age before the year 1994), excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: 26.1.1994 – 27.1.1994 Data collector(s): Gallup Finland
2 1.4. Use of data
Mode of data collection: Telephone interview Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 1994 Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Number of variables and cases: The data contain 39 variables and 1005 cases. Sampling procedure: Probability: Stratified On the basis of sex and age group in accordance with Gallup Finland’s routine procedures. A separate sample from FSD1020 (Polling in Finnish Presidential Elections 1994, part 2)
1.4 Use of data
Related publications
Borg, Sami (1994). Mittaus päivässä: tutkimus vuonna 1994 julkistetuista Suomen presidentin- vaalien kannatusmittauksista. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön lainvalmisteluosas- ton julkaisu, 6/1994. Borg, Sami & Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2002). Suuret ikäluokat ja valta. Hyvinvointikatsaus 1/2002, 51-58. Moisio, Janne (2015). Kannatusmittausten vaikutus strategiseen äänestämiseen Suomen presi- dentinvaaleissa 1994-2012. Turku: Turun yliopisto. Valtio-opin pro gradu -tutkielma. Updated list of publications in the study description at
https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD1019?lang=en&study_language=en
Related studies
FSD1020 Polling in Finnish Presidential Elections 1994, Part 2
Location of the data collection
Finnish Social Science Data Archive
Weighting
There are no weight variables in the data.
Restrictions
The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.
3
Chapter 2
Variables
[FSD_NO] FSD study number
Question
FSD study number
Descriptive statistics
statistic value number of valid cases 1005 minimum 1019.00 maximum 1019.00 mean 1019.00 standard deviation 0.00
[FSD_VR] FSD edition number
Question
FSD edition number
Descriptive statistics
statistic value number of valid cases 1005 minimum 1.00 maximum 1.00 mean 1.00 standard deviation 0.00
5 2. Variables
[FSD_PRO] FSD processing level
Question
Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter vari- ables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised.
Frequencies
label value n % v. % A (see codebook) 1 1005 100.0 100.0 B (see codebook) 2 0 0.0 0.0 C (data hasn’t been checked at FSD) 3 0 0.0 0.0 1005 100.0 100.0
[FSD_ID] FSD case id
Question
FSD case id
Descriptive statistics
statistic value number of valid cases 1005 minimum 1.00 maximum 1005.00 mean 503.00 standard deviation 290.26
[Q1] Sex of the respondent
Question
Sex of the respondent
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Female 1 505 50.2 50.2
(continued on next page)
6 Q3
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Male 2 500 49.8 49.8 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q2_1] Age of the respondent
Question
Age of the respondent
Descriptive statistics
statistic value number of valid cases 1005 minimum 18.00 maximum 89.00 mean 43.98 standard deviation 16.10
[Q2_2] Age groups
Question
Age groups
Frequencies
label value n % v. % -40 yrs. 1 501 49.9 49.9 41- yrs. 2 504 50.1 50.1 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q3] The actual election day for the second round of the presidential elec- tions is 6th February. Have you already voted in advance in the second round?
Question
Have you voted in advance in the second round of the presidential elections?
Frequencies
7 2. Variables
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 1 0.1 – Yes 1 110 10.9 11.0 No 2 894 89.0 89.0 I don’t want to say 3 0 0.0 0.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q4] How certain are you about going to vote in the second round of the elections?
Question
How certain are you about going to vote in the second round of the elections?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 110 10.9 – Absolutely certain 1 720 71.6 80.4 Fairly certain 2 108 10.7 12.1 Consider it more likely that you shall not vote 3 34 3.4 3.8 You’re certain that you shall not vote 4 24 2.4 2.7 Can’t say 5 9 0.9 1.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q5] For which candidate would you vote if the elections were held right now?
Question
For which candidate would you vote if the elections were held now?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Martti Ahtisaari 1 361 35.9 35.9 Elisabeth Rehn 2 398 39.6 39.6 I would’nt vote 3 31 3.1 3.1 I can’t say 4 215 21.4 21.4 1005 100.0 100.0
8 Q8
[Q6] How certain are you that you would really vote the candidate you now support in the second round?
Question
How certain are you that you would really vote in the second round the candidate you now support?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 326 32.4 – Absolutely certain 1 533 53.0 78.5 Fairly certain 2 124 12.3 18.3 Not very certain 3 10 1.0 1.5 Not certain at all 4 10 1.0 1.5 Cannot say 5 2 0.2 0.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q7] Did you vote in the first round of the presidential elections?
Question
Did you vote in the first round of the presidential elections?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Yes 1 934 92.9 92.9 No 2 70 7.0 7.0 Don’t want to say 3 1 0.1 0.1 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q8] For whom did you vote in the first round of the presidential elections?
Question
For whom did you vote in the first round of the presidential elections?
Frequencies
9 2. Variables
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 71 7.1 – Martti Ahtisaari 1 202 20.1 21.6 Sulo Aittoniemi 2 7 0.7 0.7 Claes Andersson 3 35 3.5 3.7 Raimo Ilaskivi 4 105 10.4 11.2 Toimi Kankaanniemi 5 8 0.8 0.9 Keijo Korhonen 6 40 4.0 4.3 Eeva Kuuskoski 7 12 1.2 1.3 Elisabeth Rehn 8 193 19.2 20.7 Pekka Tiainen 9 0 0.0 0.0 Pertti Virtanen 10 25 2.5 2.7 Paavo Väyrynen 11 122 12.1 13.1 Don’t want to say 12 185 18.4 19.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q9_1] What concept or name do you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Opinion poll
Question
What concept or name do you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Opinion poll
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 922 91.7 – Mentioned 1 83 8.3 100.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q9_2] What concept or name do you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Survey on political sup- port
Question
What concept or name do you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Survey on political support
Frequencies
10 Q9_4
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 1000 99.5 – Mentioned 1 5 0.5 100.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q9_3] What concept or name would you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Gallup-survey
Question
What concept or name would you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Gallup-survey
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 508 50.5 – Mentioned 1 497 49.5 100.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q9_4] What concept or name would you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Something else
Question
What concept or name would you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Something else
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 946 94.1 – Mentioned 1 59 5.9 100.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
11 2. Variables
[Q9_5] What concept or name would you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Cannot say
Question
What concept or name would you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Cannot say
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 635 63.2 – Mentioned 1 370 36.8 100.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q10] When did you vote in the first round of the elections?
Question
When did you vote in the first round of the elections?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 72 7.2 – In advance 1 363 36.1 38.9 On the actual election day, about 9-12 o’clock 2 180 17.9 19.3 On the actual election day, about 12-18 o’clock 3 310 30.8 33.2 On the actual election day, about 18-20 o’clock 4 80 8.0 8.6 Can’t say/ Don’t want to say 5 0 0.0 0.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q11] At what stage did you make your final decision about which candi- date to vote for in the first round of the elections?
Question
At what stage did you make your final decision about which candidate to vote for in the first round of the elections?
Frequencies
12 Q13
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 72 7.2 – In the voting booth or a few hours before voting 1 56 5.6 6.0 Same day you went to vote 2 42 4.2 4.5 Some days before voting 3 133 13.2 14.3 About a week or two before going to vote 4 201 20.0 21.5 About a month or two before going to vote 5 197 19.6 21.1 My mind was made up even earlier than this 6 294 29.3 31.5 I can’t say 7 10 1.0 1.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q12] How often do you remember having seen or heard estimates of the election support of the various candidates on TV, in the newspapers or on the radio?
Question
How often do you remember having seen or heard estimates of the election support of the various candidates on TV, in the newspapers or on the radio?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % More often than 10 times 1 425 42.3 42.3 6-10 times 2 311 30.9 30.9 3-5 times 3 144 14.3 14.3 1 or 2 times 4 43 4.3 4.3 Not at all 5 16 1.6 1.6 I can’t say 6 66 6.6 6.6 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q13] How often did you discuss the results of the gallup-surveys published before the first round of the elections among your family, at the work place, with friends or other people?
Question
How often did you discuss the results of the gallup-surveys published before the first round of the elections among your family, at the work place, with friends or other people?
Frequencies
13 2. Variables
label value n % v. % Almost every day 1 361 35.9 35.9 About once a week 2 312 31.0 31.0 Not very often 3 197 19.6 19.6 Not at all 4 116 11.5 11.5 I can’t say 5 19 1.9 1.9 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q14] If you think about the voters’ choice of candidate in the first round of the elections, how much do you think the gallup-surveys affected their choice?
Question
If you think about the voters’ choice of candidates in the first round of the elections, how much do you think the gallup-surveys affected their choice?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % A lot 1 209 20.8 20.8 Somewhat 2 631 62.8 62.8 Not at all 3 121 12.0 12.0 I can’t say 4 44 4.4 4.4 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q15] How did they affect your own choice of candidate?
Question
How did they affect your own choice of candidate?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % A lot 1 15 1.5 1.5 Somewhat 2 116 11.5 11.5 Not at all 3 862 85.8 85.8 I can’t say 4 12 1.2 1.2 1005 100.0 100.0
14 Q18
[Q16] The Gallup-surveys strengthened my view that my candidate had good chances to get elected to the second round of the elections.
Question
The Gallup-surveys strengthened my view that my candidate had good chances to get to the second round of the elections.
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 71 7.1 – Yes 1 370 36.8 39.6 No 2 545 54.2 58.4 Cannot say 3 19 1.9 2.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q17] I voted for my candidate expressly because the Gallup-surveys did’nt promise him/her success in the elections.
Question
I voted for my candidate expressly because the Gallup-surveys did’nt promise him/her success in the elections.
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 71 7.1 – Yes 1 68 6.8 7.3 No 2 842 83.8 90.1 Cannot say 3 24 2.4 2.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q18] The success of my candidate in the Gallup-surveys was an incentive for me to go to vote.
Question
The success of my candidate in the Gallup-surveys was an incentive for me to go to vote.
15 2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 71 7.1 – Yes 1 135 13.4 14.5 No 2 788 78.4 84.4 Cannot say 3 11 1.1 1.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q19] I explicitly wanted to vote for a candidate who had good chances to win in the second round.
Question
I explicitly wanted to vote for a candidate who had good chances to win in the second round.
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 71 7.1 – Yes 1 407 40.5 43.6 No 2 500 49.8 53.5 Cannot say 3 27 2.7 2.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q20] With my vote, I tried to stop a certain candidate from getting elected to the second round of the elections.
Question
With my vote, I tried to stop a certain candidate from getting to the second round of the elections.
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 71 7.1 – Yes 1 280 27.9 30.0 No 2 643 64.0 68.8 Cannot say 3 11 1.1 1.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 –
(continued on next page) 16 Q22
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q21] The candidate I voted for was not my first choice but I voted for a candidate who I thought had good chances to get elected to the second round of the elections.
Question
The candidate I voted for was not originally my first choice but I cast my vote to a candidate who in my mind had good chances to get to the second round of the elections.
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 71 7.1 – Yes 1 218 21.7 23.3 No 2 694 69.1 74.3 Cannot say 3 22 2.2 2.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q22] Do you recall any specific Gallup-surveys published before the first round of the elections that would have had an effect on your own voting behaviour?
Question
Do you recall any specific gallup-surveys published before the first round of the elections that would have had an effect on your own voting behaviour?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Yes 1 26 2.6 2.6 No 2 956 95.1 95.1 Cannot say 3 23 2.3 2.3 1005 100.0 100.0
17 2. Variables
[Q24] In general, how reliable did you find the Gallup-surveys published before the first round of the elections?
Question
In general, how dependable did you find the gallup-surveys published before the first round of the elections?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Very dependable 1 28 2.8 2.8 Fairly dependable 2 540 53.7 53.7 Fairly undependable 3 313 31.1 31.1 Very undependable 4 68 6.8 6.8 I can’t say 5 56 5.6 5.6 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q25] Let us imagine that no Gallup-surveys measuring the support of the candidates would have been published during the week preceding the first round election day, which candidate would you most likely have voted for then?
Question
If in the last week of the first round of the elections, there would have not been published any gallup-surveys measuring the support of the candidates, which candidate would you most likely have voted for?
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Martti Ahtisaari 1 226 22.5 22.5 Sulo Aittoniemi 2 7 0.7 0.7 Claes Andersson 3 31 3.1 3.1 Raimo Ilaskivi 4 103 10.2 10.2 Toimi Kankaanniemi 5 8 0.8 0.8 Keijo Korhonen 6 44 4.4 4.4 Eeva Kuuskoski 7 17 1.7 1.7 Elisabeth Rehn 8 180 17.9 17.9 Pekka Tiainen 9 0 0.0 0.0 Pertti Virtanen 10 23 2.3 2.3
(continued on next page)
18 Q27
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Paavo Väyrynen 11 122 12.1 12.1 I would’nt have voted at all 12 27 2.7 2.7 I can’t say 13 217 21.6 21.6 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q26] Respondent’s basic education
Question
Basic education
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Primary education or less 1 348 34.6 34.6 Lower secondary education 2 358 35.6 35.6 Upper secondary education (matriculation examina- 3 299 29.8 29.8 tion) 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q27] Respondent’s vocational education
Question
Vocational training
Frequencies
label value n % v. % No vocational education 1 263 26.2 26.2 Vocational course, other short vocational education 2 135 13.4 13.4 Vocational school or equivalent (upper secondary 3 292 29.1 29.1 level) College level education 4 191 19.0 19.0 University education 5 113 11.2 11.2 Other 6 11 1.1 1.1 1005 100.0 100.0
19 2. Variables
[Q28] Respondent’s economic activity and occupational group
Question
To which of the following professional groups you think you belong
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Higher managerial position (employee) 1 30 3.0 3.0 Lower managerial or professional employee 2 110 10.9 10.9 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, ad- 3 147 14.6 14.6 min.) Worker 4 226 22.5 22.5 Entrepreneur or self-employed 5 82 8.2 8.2 Farmer 6 36 3.6 3.6 Student 7 82 8.2 8.2 Pensioner 8 205 20.4 20.4 Housewife, house husband 9 27 2.7 2.7 Unemployed 10 58 5.8 5.8 Other 11 2 0.2 0.2 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q29] Province of residence
Question
Province of residence
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Missing (User missing) 0 1 0.1 – Uusimaa province 1 220 21.9 21.9 Turku and Pori province 2 151 15.0 15.0 Häme province 3 144 14.3 14.3 Kymi province 4 58 5.8 5.8 Mikkeli province 5 53 5.3 5.3 Kuopio province 6 65 6.5 6.5 Keski-Suomi province 7 56 5.6 5.6 Vaasa province 8 84 8.4 8.4 Pohjois-Karjala province 9 33 3.3 3.3 Oulu province 10 93 9.3 9.3
(continued on next page)
20 Q31
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % Lappi province 11 47 4.7 4.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 – 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q30] Type of municipality
Question
Type of commune
Frequencies
label value n % v. % Metropolitan area 1 153 15.2 15.2 Turku, Tampere, Oulu, Lahti 2 110 10.9 10.9 Other town or city 3 395 39.3 39.3 Rural municipality 4 347 34.5 34.5 1005 100.0 100.0
[Q31] If parliamentary elections were held right now, for which party or group would you vote
Question
If parliamentary elections were held right now, for which party or group would you vote
Frequencies
label value n % v. % KESK (Centre Party of Finland) 1 122 12.1 12.1 SDP (Social Democratic Party of Finland) 2 210 20.9 20.9 KOK (National Coalition Party) 3 137 13.6 13.6 VAS (Left Alliance) 4 27 2.7 2.7 RKP (Swedish People’s Party in Finland) 5 27 2.7 2.7 VIHR (Green League) 6 38 3.8 3.8 SKL (Christian League of Finland) 7 7 0.7 0.7 SMP (Finnish Rural Party) 8 6 0.6 0.6 LKP (Liberal Party) 9 4 0.4 0.4 Some other party or group 10 6 0.6 0.6
(continued on next page)
21 2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. % I would not vote 11 23 2.3 2.3 I can’t say 12 398 39.6 39.6 1005 100.0 100.0
22 Chapter 3
Indexes
3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence
FSD study number [FSD_NO] ...... 5 FSD edition number [FSD_VR] ...... 5 FSD processing level [FSD_PRO] ...... 6 FSD case id [FSD_ID] ...... 6 Sex of the respondent [Q1] ...... 6 Age of the respondent [Q2_1] ...... 7 Age groups [Q2_2] ...... 7 The actual election day for the second round of the presidential elections is 6th February. Have you already voted in advance in the second round? [Q3] ...... 7 How certain are you about going to vote in the second round of the elections? [Q4] ...... 8 For which candidate would you vote if the elections were held right now? [Q5] ...... 8 How certain are you that you would really vote the candidate you now support in the second round? [Q6] ...... 9 Did you vote in the first round of the presidential elections? [Q7] ...... 9 For whom did you vote in the first round of the presidential elections? [Q8] ...... 9 What concept or name do you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Opinion poll [Q9_1] ...... 10 What concept or name do you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Survey on political support [Q9_2] ...... 10 What concept or name would you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Gallup-survey [Q9_3] ...... 11 What concept or name would you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Something else [Q9_4] ...... 11 What concept or name would you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential
23 3. Indexes candidates and parties?: Cannot say [Q9_5] ...... 12 When did you vote in the first round of the elections? [Q10] ...... 12 At what stage did you make your final decision about which candidate to vote for in the first round of the elections? [Q11] ...... 12 How often do you remember having seen or heard estimates of the election support of the various candidates on TV, in the newspapers or on the radio? [Q12] ...... 13 How often did you discuss the results of the gallup-surveys published before the first round of the elections among your family, at the work place, with friends or other people? [Q13] . . . .13 If you think about the voters’ choice of candidate in the first round of the elections, how much do you think the gallup-surveys affected their choice? [Q14] ...... 14 How did they affect your own choice of candidate? [Q15] ...... 14 The Gallup-surveys strengthened my view that my candidate had good chances to get elected to the second round of the elections. [Q16] ...... 15 I voted for my candidate expressly because the Gallup-surveys did’nt promise him/her success in the elections. [Q17] ...... 15 The success of my candidate in the Gallup-surveys was an incentive for me to go to vote. [Q18] 15 I explicitly wanted to vote for a candidate who had good chances to win in the second round. [Q19] ...... 16 With my vote, I tried to stop a certain candidate from getting elected to the second round of the elections. [Q20] ...... 16 The candidate I voted for was not my first choice but I voted for a candidate who I thought had good chances to get elected to the second round of the elections. [Q21] ...... 17 Do you recall any specific Gallup-surveys published before the first round of the elections that would have had an effect on your own voting behaviour? [Q22] ...... 17 In general, how reliable did you find the Gallup-surveys published before the first round of the elections? [Q24] ...... 18 Let us imagine that no Gallup-surveys measuring the support of the candidates would have been published during the week preceding the first round election day, which candidate would you most likely have voted for then? [Q25] ...... 18 Respondent’s basic education [Q26] ...... 19 Respondent’s vocational education [Q27] ...... 19 Respondent’s economic activity and occupational group [Q28] ...... 20 Province of residence [Q29] ...... 20 Type of municipality [Q30] ...... 21 If parliamentary elections were held right now, for which party or group would you vote [Q31] 21
24 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
3.2 Variables in alphabetical order
Agegroups ...... 7 Age of the respondent ...... 7 At what stage did you make your final decision about which candidate to vote for in the first round of the elections? ...... 12 Did you vote in the first round of the presidential elections? ...... 9 Do you recall any specific Gallup-surveys published before the first round of the elections that would have had an effect on your own voting behaviour? ...... 17 For which candidate would you vote if the elections were held right now? ...... 8 For whom did you vote in the first round of the presidential elections? ...... 9 FSDcaseid ...... 6 FSD edition number ...... 5 FSD processing level ...... 6 FSD study number ...... 5 How certain are you about going to vote in the second round of the elections? ...... 8 How certain are you that you would really vote the candidate you now support in the second round? ...... 9 How did they affect your own choice of candidate? ...... 14 How often did you discuss the results of the gallup-surveys published before the first round of the elections among your family, at the work place, with friends or other people? ...... 13 How often do you remember having seen or heard estimates of the election support of the various candidates on TV, in the newspapers or on the radio? ...... 13 I explicitly wanted to vote for a candidate who had good chances to win in the second round. 16 I voted for my candidate expressly because the Gallup-surveys did’nt promise him/her success in the elections...... 15 If parliamentary elections were held right now, for which party or group would you vote . . . 21 If you think about the voters’ choice of candidate in the first round of the elections, how much do you think the gallup-surveys affected their choice? ...... 14 In general, how reliable did you find the Gallup-surveys published before the first round of the elections? ...... 18 Let us imagine that no Gallup-surveys measuring the support of the candidates would have been published during the week preceding the first round election day, which candidate would you most likely have voted for then? ...... 18 Province of residence ...... 20 Respondent’s basic education ...... 19 Respondent’s economic activity and occupational group ...... 20 Respondent’s vocational education ...... 19
25 3. Indexes
Sex of the respondent ...... 6 The actual election day for the second round of the presidential elections is 6th February. Have you already voted in advance in the second round? ...... 7 The candidate I voted for was not my first choice but I voted for a candidate who I thought had good chances to get elected to the second round of the elections...... 17 The Gallup-surveys strengthened my view that my candidate had good chances to get elected to the second round of the elections...... 15 The success of my candidate in the Gallup-surveys was an incentive for me to go to vote. . . 15 Type of municipality ...... 21 What concept or name do you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Opinion poll ...... 10 What concept or name do you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Survey on political support ...... 10 What concept or name would you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Cannot say ...... 12 What concept or name would you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Gallup-survey ...... 11 What concept or name would you use of the various polls measuring the support of presidential candidates and parties?: Something else ...... 11 When did you vote in the first round of the elections? ...... 12 With my vote, I tried to stop a certain candidate from getting elected to the second round of the elections...... 16
26 Appendix A
Abbreviations of Finnish Political Parties
DEVA Democratic Alternative EKA Pensioners for the People EKO Ecological Party EPV Egological Party The Greens EVY Party for Pensioners and Green Mutual Responsibility IPU Humanity Party KD Christian Democrats KESK Keskustapuolue Center Party KESK Suomen Keskusta Centre Party of Finland KESK/LKP Center Party + Liberal Party KIPU Ecological Party KOK National Coalition Party KTP For Peace and Socialism-Communist Worker’s Party KVL Union for Democracy LIB Liberals LKP Liberal Party LLP Natural Law Party NAISL Womens’ Movement NAISP Womens’ Party NUORS Progressive Finnish Party NUSU Progressive Finnish Party PKP Constitutional People’s Party POP Constitutional Party of Finland PS True Finns REM Reform Group RKP Swedish People’s Party in Finland RSES Independent Pensioners of Finland SDP Social Democratic Party of Finland SEP Finnish Pensioners’ Party SKDL Democratic League of the People of Finland SKL Christian League of Finland SKP The Communist Party of Finland SKYP Unification Party of the Finnish People SMP Finnish Rural Party
27 A. Abbreviations of Finnish Political Parties
SPK Finnish Constitutional People’s Party STP Socialist Workers’ Party SYP Private Entrepreneurs’ Party in Finland TPSL Social Democratic Union of Workers and Small Farmers VAS Left Alliance VASL Left Alliance VEV Alternative Union VIHR Vihreä Liitto Green League VIHR Vihreät The Greens VSL Alliance for Free Finland YVP Joint Responsibility Party
28 Appendix B
Questionnaire in Finnish
29 KYSELYLOMAKE Tämä kyselylomake on osa Yhteiskuntatieteelliseen tietoarkistoon arkistoitua tutkimusaineistoa
FSD1019 Kannatusmittaustutkimus 1994, osa 1
Kyselylomaketta hyödyntävien tulee viitata siihen asianmukaisesti lähdeviitteellä. Lisätiedot: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/
QUESTIONNAIRE This questionnaire is part of the following dataset, archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive:
FSD1019 Polling in Finnish Presidential Elections 1994, part 1
If this questionnaire is used or referred to in any publication, the source must be acknowledged by means of an appropriate bibliographic citation. More information: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/ ______
SUOMEN GALLUP OY PRESIDENTIN VAALIT 2. KIERROS 141041 2 ______
TUTKIMUS:%b
Seuraava puhelusi on numeroon %1. %r %2. Kontaktihenkilö 0
%33,/ hdw HUOM! Tämä puhelu on sovittu soitettavaksi klo %1 ______
Numero ... vastasi ...... ei vastaa ...... varattu ...... käyttökelvoton numero, poista! ......
Hyvää iltaa. Olen %n Suomen Gallup Oy:stä. Teemme tänään tutkimusta 18-vuotta täyttäneiden suomalaisten keskuudessa suhtautumisesta ajankohtaisiin asioihin. Teillä juuri nyt hetki aikaa vastata kysymyksiimme? kyllä ...... ehkä myöhemmin ...... ei ...... taloudessa ei kohderyhmään kuuluvaa henkilöä ......
Ei suostu haastateltavaksi ______
Olemme pahoillamme, että häiritsimme Teitä turhaan.
Kiitoksia ja kuulemiin. ______
Ei löydy sopivaa henkilöä ______
Olemme pahoillamme, että häiritsimme Teitä turhaan.
Kiitoksia ja kuulemiin. ______
______
______
Suomen Gallup - Bellview 10 vuotta ______
SUOMEN GALLUP OY PRESIDENTIN VAALIT 2. KIERROS 141041 3 ______
______
Suomen Gallup - Bellview 10 vuotta ______
SUOMEN GALLUP OY PRESIDENTIN VAALIT 2. KIERROS 141041 4 ______
Seuraavaksi siirryn kysymään näkemyksiänne vaaleja ennen ja niiden aikana julkistetuista äänestyspaikkakyselyistä ja kaikista muista ehdokkaiden kannatustutkimuksista. Seuraavassa käsitteellä gallup-tutkimus tarkoitetaan kaikkia tällaisia julkistettuja tutkimuksia riippumatta siitä kuka ne on tehnyt tai julkistanut. ______
______
Suomen Gallup - Bellview 10 vuotta ______
SUOMEN GALLUP OY PRESIDENTIN VAALIT 2. KIERROS 141041 5 ______
______
Suomen Gallup - Bellview 10 vuotta ______
SUOMEN GALLUP OY PRESIDENTIN VAALIT 2. KIERROS 141041 6 ______
Lopuksi kysyisin vielä muutamia taustatietoja ______
______
Suomen Gallup - Bellview 10 vuotta ______
SUOMEN GALLUP OY PRESIDENTIN VAALIT 2. KIERROS 141041 7 ______
HAASTKESTO ______
Tässä kaikki kysymyksemme tällä kerralla. Oikein ______411 66 1372 paljon kiitoksia vastauksistanne. Minun nimeni on %n ja tämä haastattelu tehtiin Suomen Gallupin puhelinhaastattelukeskuksesta. Hyvää jatkoa! ______
______
Suomen Gallup - Bellview 10 vuotta ______