FSD1023

Parties and Local Democracy 1996: Electors

Codebook

FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Parties and Local Democracy 1996: Electors [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2018.

This codebook has been generated from the version 4.0 (13.7.2018) of the data.

Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 University of Tampere

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$ Koodikirjoitin.py v36 @ 2018-07-31 10:51:17.359000 $ To the reader

This codebook is part of the data FSD1023 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If neces- sary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive:

Borg, Sami (University of Tampere): Parties and Local Democracy 1996: Electors [dataset]. Version 4.0 (2018-07-13). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distrib- utor]. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1023

The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication informa- tion received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Dis- tribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a re- spondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives ’don’t want to say’ or ’can’t say’ as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.

Contents

1 Study description 1 1.1 Titles ...... 1 1.2 Subject description ...... 1 1.3 Structure and collection of the data ...... 2 1.4 Use of data ...... 3

2 Variables 5

3 Indexes 123 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence ...... 123 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order ...... 137

A Questionnaire in Finnish 151

i

Chapter 1

Study description

1.1 Titles

Titles and data version: Parties and Local Democracy 1996: Electors Titles and data version in Finnish: Puolueet ja kunnallisdemokratia 1996: valitsijakunta This codebook has been generated from the version 4.0 (13.7.2018) of the data.

1.2 Subject description

Authoring entity

Borg, Sami (University of Tampere)

Copyright statement for the data

According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor.

Depositor

Borg, Sami (University of Tampere)

Date of deposit

10.8.1999

Keywords elections; internal politics; local government; parliamentary elections; political action; politi- cal allegiance; political attitudes; political behaviour; political participation; political parties;

1 1. Study description political power; services; voting

Topic Classification

Fields of Science Classification: social sciences CESSDA Classification: elections; government, political systems and organisations; political behaviour and attitudes

Series description

The data belong to the series:

Individual datasets

Individual datasets that do not belong to any series.

Abstract

The survey compared Finnish voters with the members of seven largest political parties, candi- dates of the 1996 municipal elections and municipal council members. The respondents were asked which party they would vote for in the next parliamentary elections and which party they had voted for in the municipal elections. If the respondents had voted in the municipal elections, reasons for candidate and party choice were surveyed. Non-voters were asked why they had not voted. The role of the media in municipal elections was charted. There were questions about the members’ activity in the parties and their interest in elective offices. The respondents were presented with statements concerning municipal policy and politics in general. They were asked to assess to what extent the work of councillors is appreciated, whether they saw themselves as representatives of their background groups in their parties, and how important it was that the municipal council was representative of the municipal electorate. The present state and devel- opment needs of a number of municipal services and tasks were evaluated. The party members were questioned about how municipal democracy, service production and efficiency of decision- making could be improved. Finally, the respondents were asked who had real influence in their home municipality, how active party members they thought themselves to be, and how active their own local association was. Background variables included the respondent’s sex, age, occupational group, vocational edu- cation, type of employer, household income, type of residence, and municipality of residence.

1.3 Structure and collection of the data

Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Analysis or observation unit type: Individual

2 1.4. Use of data

Universe: Population of Finland aged 18 or over at the time of the interview, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: 21.10.1996 – 30.11.1996 Data collector(s): Gallup Finland (Gallup Finland) Mode of data collection: Face-to-face interview, Self-administered questionnaire: Paper Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 1996 Time method of the data collection: Cross-section Number of variables and cases: The data contain 260 variables and 911 cases. Sampling procedure: Probability: Multistage Normal Omnibus-procedure and an agreement to mail survey. Variables 1-18 were obtained through the Omnibus-survey and variables 19-50 through the mail survey. Omnibus sample. The sample represents Finnish population aged 15 or over, excluding the cit- izens of the Åland Islands. Multistage stratified sampling. The target population was stratified according to the number of inhabitants aged 15 or over in each province and in the second stage, by municipality group within each province. Municipalities were classified into five groups: big and small cities (according to population size) and into three rural municipality groups (ac- cording to their industrial structure). The sample municipalities were selected representatively. In the third stage, sample households were selected using the starting point method. The first interview was conducted in the randomly selected starting point, after which the interviewer proceeded to the next five households. From each household the person who corresponded to the sex and age criteria defined in the selection card was chosen for the interview.

1.4 Use of data

Data appraisal

The variable identifying municipality has been removed from the data set.

Related publications

Borg, Sami (1998). Puolueet ja edustuksellinen kunnallisdemokratia: tutkimus poliittisesta edus- tautumisesta ja legitimiteetistä. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Tampereen yliopisto. Kunnal- listieteiden laitos. Julkaisusarja; 1/1998. Oulasvirta, Lasse & Brännkärr, Christer (2001). Toimiva kunta. Helsinki: Kuntakoulutus. Palazzolo, Christopher A. (2007). Electoral Independence, Dependence, or Co-Dependence?: a Reassessment of Second-Order Electoral Expectations in Subnational Elections. Atlanta: Emory University. Emory University Dissertations (Ph.D.), Department of Political Science. Puolueet 1990-luvulla: näkökulmia suomalaiseen puoluetoimintaan (1997). Toim. Sami Borg. Turku: Turun yliopisto. Valtio-opillisia tutkimuksia; 53.

3 1. Study description

Updated list of publications in the study description at

https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD1023?lang=en&study_language=en

Related studies

FSD1021 Parties and Municipal Democracy 1996: Candidates FSD1022 Parties and Local Democracy 1996: Party Members FSD1024 Parties and Local Democracy 1996: Combined Dataset

Location of the data collection

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Weighting

There are no weight variables in the data.

Restrictions

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

4 Chapter 2

Variables

[FSD_NO] FSD study number

Question

FSD study number

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 914 minimum 1023.00 maximum 1023.00 mean 1023.00 standard deviation 0.00

[FSD_VR] FSD edition number

Question

FSD edition number

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 914 minimum 4.00 maximum 4.00 mean 4.00 standard deviation 0.00

5 2. Variables

[FSD_ID] FSD case id

Question

FSD case id

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 914 minimum 1.00 maximum 911.00 mean 461.46 standard deviation 262.81

[Q1] Sex

Question

Sex

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Man 1 462 50.5 50.5 Woman 2 452 49.5 49.5 914 100.0 100.0

[Q2] How old are you?

Question

How old are you?

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 914 minimum 18.00 maximum 90.00 mean 45.96 standard deviation 16.56

6 Q5

[Q3] What is your basic education?

Question

What is your basic education?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Primary education or less 1 355 38.9 38.9 Lower secondary education 2 325 35.6 35.6 Upper secondary education (matriculation examina- 3 215 23.5 23.5 tion) Other 4 18 2.0 2.0 913 100.0 100.0

[Q4] What is your vocational education?

Question

What is your vocational education?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % No vocational education 1 226 24.8 24.9 Vocational course, other short-term vocational educa- 2 190 20.9 21.0 tion Vocational school or equivalent (upper secondary 3 233 25.6 25.7 level) College level vocational education 4 163 17.9 18.0 University or polytechnic education 5 94 10.3 10.4 Other 6 0 0.0 0.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 5 0.5 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q5] To which of the following income brackets does your household belong when the pre-tax incomes of all family members are added up? (Annual or monthly income, FIM)

Question

To which of the following income brackets does your household belong when the pre-tax in- comes of all family members are added up? (Annual or monthly income, FIM)

7 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Below 60,000 annually/under 5,000 monthly 1 148 16.2 16.2 60,001- 90,000/a. (5,001- 7,500/m) 2 113 12.4 12.4 90,001-120,000/a. (7,501-10,000/m) 3 132 14.4 14.4 120,001-150,000/a. (10,001-12,500/m) 4 102 11.2 11.2 150,001-180,000/a. (12,501-15,000/m) 5 96 10.5 10.5 180,001-210,000/a. (15,001-17,500/m) 6 76 8.3 8.3 210,001-240,000/a. (17,501-20,000/m) 7 52 5.7 5.7 240,001-270,000/a. (20,001-22,500/m) 8 42 4.6 4.6 270,001-300,000/a. (22,501-25,000/m) 9 19 2.1 2.1 Over 300,000/a. (over 25,000/m) 10 36 3.9 3.9 No answer 11 98 10.7 10.7 914 100.0 100.0

[Q6_1] Including yourself, how many over 16-year-olds live in your house- hold?

Question

Including yourself, how many over 16-year-olds live in your household?

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 914 minimum 1.00 maximum 21.00 mean 1.89 standard deviation 1.03

[Q6_2] How many children under 16 years of age live in your household?

Question

How many children under 16 years of age live in your household?

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 710

(continued on next page)

8 Q7

(cont. from previous page)

statistic value minimum 0.00 maximum 11.00 mean 0.45 standard deviation 0.99

[Q6_3] How many children under 7 years of age live in your household?

Question

How many children under 7 years of age live in your household?

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 693 minimum 0.00 maximum 5.00 mean 0.34 standard deviation 0.71

[Q6_4] Total number of household members

Question

Total number of household members

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 914 minimum 1.00 maximum 14.00 mean 2.44 standard deviation 1.44

[Q7] What is your marital status?

Question

What is your marital status?

9 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Single, living with parents 1 45 4.9 4.9 Single, below 35 years of age 2 66 7.2 7.2 Single, over 35 years of age 3 187 20.5 20.5 Married/cohabiting, no children 4 121 13.3 13.3 Married/cohabiting, with children 5 298 32.6 32.6 Single parent/adult, living with children 6 51 5.6 5.6 Couple, children do not live at home 7 145 15.9 15.9 913 100.0 100.0

[Q8_1] To which occupational group does the head of your household (per- son with the highest income) belong?

Question

To which occupational group does the head of your household (person with the highest income) belong?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Farmer 1 22 2.4 2.4 Entrepreneur, self-employed 2 76 8.3 8.3 Employee in a managerial or professional occupation 3 96 10.5 10.5 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, ad- 4 127 13.9 13.9 min.) Worker 5 294 32.1 32.1 Pensioner 6 256 28.0 28.0 Student 7 33 3.6 3.6 Other 8 11 1.2 1.2 915 100.0 100.0

[Q8_2] If the head of the household is a retiree, what was his/her former profession?

Question

If the head of the household is a retiree, what was his/her former profession?

Frequencies

10 Q9

label value n % v. % Farmer 1 33 3.6 13.1 Entrepreneur, self-employed 2 13 1.4 5.2 Employee in a managerial or professional occupation 3 50 5.5 19.8 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, ad- 4 32 3.5 12.7 min.) Worker 5 114 12.5 45.2 Pensioner 6 7 0.8 2.8 Student 7 0 0.0 0.0 Other 8 3 0.3 1.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 659 72.3 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q8_3] To which occupational group do you belong? (If the respondent is the head of the household)

Question

To which occupational group do you belong? (If the respondent is the head of the household)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Farmer 1 22 2.4 2.4 Entrepreneur, self-employed 2 53 5.8 5.8 Employee in a managerial or professional occupation 3 81 8.9 8.9 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, ad- 4 147 16.1 16.2 min.) Worker 5 307 33.7 33.8 Pensioner 6 201 22.0 22.1 Student 7 70 7.7 7.7 Other 8 28 3.1 3.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 3 0.3 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q9] Do you currently have a full-time job, part-time job or are you unem- ployed, laid off or for some other reason outside working life?

Question

Do you currently have a full-time job, part-time job or are you unemployed, laid off or for some other reason outside working life?

Frequencies

11 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Full-time job 1 365 40.1 40.1 Part-time job 2 46 5.0 5.0 Unemployed 3 113 12.4 12.4 Laid off 4 5 0.5 0.5 Outside working life 5 382 41.9 41.9 911 100.0 100.0

[Q10] Type of municipality

Question

Type of municipality

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Capital area 1 133 14.6 14.6 Turku, Tampere 2 51 5.6 5.6 Other town or city 3 382 41.8 41.8 Population centre in rural area 4 276 30.2 30.2 Sparsely populated rural area 5 72 7.9 7.9 914 100.0 100.0

[Q12] Province of residence

Question

Province of residence

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Uusimaa province 1 233 25.5 25.5 Turku and Pori province 2 126 13.8 13.8 Häme province 3 113 12.4 12.4 Kymi province 4 85 9.3 9.3 Mikkeli province 5 50 5.5 5.5 Kuopio province 6 51 5.6 5.6 Keski-Suomi province 7 40 4.4 4.4 Vaasa province 8 68 7.4 7.4 Pohjois-Karjala province 9 27 3.0 3.0

(continued on next page)

12 Q14_1

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Oulu province 10 80 8.8 8.8 Lappi province 11 41 4.5 4.5 914 100.0 100.0

[Q13] In which part of Finland do you live?

Question

In which part of Finland do you live?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Southern Finland 1 556 60.8 60.8 Central Finland 2 210 23.0 23.0 Northern Finland 3 148 16.2 16.2 914 100.0 100.0

[Q14_1] If parliamentary elections were held now, for which party or group would you vote?

Question

If parliamentary elections were held now, for which party or group would you vote?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % SDP (Social Democratic Party of Finland) 1 164 18.0 18.3 KESK (Center Party of Finland) 2 143 15.7 16.0 KOK (National Coalition Party) 3 139 15.2 15.5 VAS (Left Alliance) 4 49 5.4 5.5 RKP (Swedish People’s Party in Finland) 5 9 1.0 1.0 VIHR (Green League) 6 60 6.6 6.7 SKL (Christian League of Finland) 7 23 2.5 2.6 NUOR (Progressive Finnish Party) 8 18 2.0 2.0 PS (True Finns, former Finnish Rural Party SMP) 9 1 0.1 0.1 LKP (Liberal Party) 10 4 0.4 0.4 NAISP (Women’s Party) 11 3 0.3 0.3

(continued on next page)

13 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % VSL (Alliance for Free Finland) 12 3 0.3 0.3 SEP (Finland’s Pensioners’ Party) 13 0 0.0 0.0 EKA (Pensioners for the People) 14 0 0.0 0.0 EKO (Ecological Party) 15 2 0.2 0.2 LLP (Natural Law Party) 16 1 0.1 0.1 YVP (Joint Responsibility Party) 17 0 0.0 0.0 KTP (Communist Worker’s Party) 18 1 0.1 0.1 Some other party or group 19 17 1.9 1.9 I would not vote 20 76 8.3 8.5 I cannot say 21 118 12.9 13.2 I do not want to say 22 65 7.1 7.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 17 1.9 – 913 100.0 100.0

[Q14_2] If parliamentary elections were held now, for which party or group would you vote secondarily?

Question

If parliamentary elections were held now, for which party or group would you vote secondarily?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % SDP (Social Democratic Party of Finland) 1 90 9.9 10.1 KESK (Center Party of Finland) 2 81 8.9 9.1 KOK (National Coalition Party) 3 88 9.7 9.9 VAS (Left Alliance) 4 38 4.2 4.3 RKP (Swedish People’s Party in Finland) 5 18 2.0 2.0 VIHR (Green League) 6 66 7.3 7.4 SKL (Christian League of Finland) 7 12 1.3 1.3 NUOR (Progressive Finnish Party) 8 38 4.2 4.3 PS (True Finns, former Finnish Rural Party SMP) 9 3 0.3 0.3 LKP (Liberal Party) 10 3 0.3 0.3 NAISP (Women’s Party) 11 3 0.3 0.3 VSL (Alliance for Free Finland) 12 0 0.0 0.0 SEP (Finland’s Pensioners’ Party) 13 2 0.2 0.2 EKA (Pensioners for the People) 14 2 0.2 0.2 EKO (Ecological Party) 15 2 0.2 0.2 LLP (Natural Law Party) 16 1 0.1 0.1 YVP (Joint Responsibility Party) 17 0 0.0 0.0

(continued on next page)

14 Q14_3

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % KTP (Communist Worker’s Party) 18 1 0.1 0.1 Some other party or group 19 15 1.6 1.7 I would not vote 20 128 14.1 14.3 I cannot say 21 207 22.7 23.2 I do not want to say 22 95 10.4 10.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 17 1.9 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q14_3] For which party or group did you vote in the municipal elections in October?

Question

For which party or group did you vote in the municipal elections in October?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % SDP (Social Democratic Party of Finland) 1 148 16.2 16.6 KESK (Center Party of Finland) 2 127 13.9 14.2 KOK (National Coalition Party) 3 117 12.8 13.1 VAS (Left Alliance) 4 58 6.4 6.5 RKP (Swedish People’s Party in Finland) 5 12 1.3 1.3 VIHR (Green League) 6 43 4.7 4.8 SKL (Christian League of Finland) 7 25 2.7 2.8 NUOR (Progressive Finnish Party) 8 10 1.1 1.1 PS (True Finns, former Finnish Rural Party SMP) 9 1 0.1 0.1 LKP (Liberal Party) 10 0 0.0 0.0 NAISP (Women’s Party) 11 1 0.1 0.1 VSL (Alliance for Free Finland) 12 1 0.1 0.1 SEP (Finland’s Pensioners’ Party) 13 1 0.1 0.1 EKA (Pensioners for the People) 14 0 0.0 0.0 EKO (Ecological Party) 15 0 0.0 0.0 LLP (Natural Law Party) 16 0 0.0 0.0 YVP (Joint Responsibility Party) 17 0 0.0 0.0 KTP (Communist Worker’s Party) 18 0 0.0 0.0 Some other party or group 19 30 3.3 3.4 I would not vote 20 199 21.8 22.3 I cannot say 21 23 2.5 2.6 I do not want to say 22 98 10.8 11.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 17 1.9 –

(continued on next page)

15 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 911 100.0 100.0

[Q15] The present Municipal Act has introduced referenda to municipal decision-making. According to the law, is the result of such a referendum binding or merely consultative?

Question

The present Municipal Act has introduced referenda to municipal decision-making. According to the law, is the result of such a referendum binding or merely consultative?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Binding 1 192 21.1 21.1 Consultative 2 612 67.2 67.2 I cannot say 3 107 11.7 11.7 911 100.0 100.0

[Q16_1] On the basis of the results of the recent municipal elections, which are the two largest political parties or groups in your home municipality’s local/city council? Largest

Question

On the basis of the results of the recent municipal elections, which are the two largest political parties or groups in your home municipality’s local/city council? Largest

Frequencies

label value n % v. % SDP (Social Democratic Party of Finland) 1 340 37.2 37.2 KESK (Center Party of Finland) 2 318 34.8 34.8 KOK (National Coalition Party) 3 138 15.1 15.1 VAS (Left Alliance) 4 3 0.3 0.3 RKP (Swedish People’s Party in Finland) 5 10 1.1 1.1 VIHR (Green League) 6 0 0.0 0.0 Some other party or group 7 5 0.5 0.5

(continued on next page)

16 Q17_1

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % I cannot say 8 100 10.9 10.9 914 100.0 100.0

[Q16_2] On the basis of the results of the recent municipal elections, which are the two largest political parties or groups in your home municipality’s local/city council? Second largest

Question

On the basis of the results of the recent municipal elections, which are the two largest political parties or groups in your home municipality’s local/city council? Second largest

Frequencies

label value n % v. % SDP (Social Democratic Party of Finland) 1 310 34.0 34.6 KESK (Center Party of Finland) 2 151 16.6 16.9 KOK (National Coalition Party) 3 294 32.2 32.8 VAS (Left Alliance) 4 9 1.0 1.0 RKP (Swedish People’s Party in Finland) 5 10 1.1 1.1 VIHR (Green League) 6 2 0.2 0.2 Some other party or group 7 9 1.0 1.0 I cannot say 8 110 12.1 12.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 17 1.9 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q17_1] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: SDP

Question

Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: SDP

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Does not hold 0 75 8.2 8.2 Holds 1 839 91.8 91.8 914 100.0 100.0

17 2. Variables

[Q17_2] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: KESK

Question

Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: KESK

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Does not hold 0 735 80.4 80.4 Holds 1 179 19.6 19.6 914 100.0 100.0

[Q17_3] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: KOK

Question

Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: KOK

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Does not hold 0 125 13.7 13.7 Holds 1 789 86.3 86.3 914 100.0 100.0

[Q17_4] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: VAS

Question

Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: VAS

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Does not hold 0 365 39.9 39.9 Holds 1 550 60.1 60.1 915 100.0 100.0

18 Q17_7

[Q17_5] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: RKP

Question

Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: RKP

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Does not hold 0 404 44.2 44.2 Holds 1 510 55.8 55.8 914 100.0 100.0

[Q17_6] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: VIHR

Question

Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: VIHR

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Does not hold 0 346 37.9 37.9 Holds 1 568 62.1 62.1 914 100.0 100.0

[Q17_7] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: SKL

Question

Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: SKL

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Does not hold 0 826 90.4 90.4 Holds 1 88 9.6 9.6 914 100.0 100.0

19 2. Variables

[Q17_8] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: NUOR

Question

Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: NUOR

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Does not hold 0 881 96.4 96.4 Holds 1 33 3.6 3.6 914 100.0 100.0

[Q17_9] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: PS

Question

Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: PS

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Does not hold 0 903 98.8 98.8 Holds 1 11 1.2 1.2 914 100.0 100.0

[Q17_10] Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: Some other party

Question

Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: Some other party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Does not hold 0 889 97.3 97.3 Holds 1 25 2.7 2.7 914 100.0 100.0

20 Q19A

[Q18_1] Do you know what is the current tax rate percentage in your home municipality?

Question

Do you know what is the current tax rate percentage in your home municipality?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 331 36.2 36.2 No 2 583 63.8 63.8 914 100.0 100.0

[Q18_2] Estimated tax rate percentage in home municipality (e.g. 1300=13.00%, 1675=16.75%)

Question

Estimated tax rate percentage in home municipality (e.g. 1300=13.00%, 1675=16.75%)

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 914 minimum 0.00 maximum 3800.00 mean 642.02 standard deviation 862.40

[Q19A] How interested are you in local politics?

Question

How interested are you in local politics?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very interested 1 88 9.7 11.3 Somewhat interested 2 322 35.3 41.2

(continued on next page)

21 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Only slightly interested 3 258 28.3 33.0 Not at all interested 4 100 11.0 12.8 Cannot say 5 14 1.5 1.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q19B] How interested are you in politics in general?

Question

How interested are you in politics in general?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very interested 1 81 8.9 10.4 Somewhat interested 2 327 35.9 41.9 Only slightly interested 3 229 25.2 29.3 Not at all interested 4 104 11.4 13.3 Cannot say 5 40 4.4 5.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q20_1] Over the past two years, how often have you discussed politics with your family members, colleagues, or other acquaintances?

Question

Over the past two years, how often have you discussed politics with your family members, colleagues, or other acquaintances?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Often 1 170 18.6 22.4 Sometimes 2 304 33.3 40.1 Seldom 3 189 20.7 24.9 Never 4 95 10.4 12.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 154 16.9 –

(continued on next page)

22 Q20_3

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 912 100.0 100.0

[Q20_2] Over the past two years, how often have you discussed politics with a party member?

Question

Over the past two years, how often have you discussed politics with a party member?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Often 1 51 5.6 7.0 Sometimes 2 140 15.4 19.2 Seldom 3 171 18.8 23.5 Never 4 366 40.2 50.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 182 20.0 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q20_3] Over the past two years, how often have you tried to persuade people to have more positive attitudes towards politics?

Question

Over the past two years, how often have you tried to persuade people to have more positive attitudes towards politics?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Often 1 30 3.3 4.1 Sometimes 2 78 8.6 10.6 Seldom 3 151 16.6 20.6 Never 4 474 52.0 64.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 178 19.5 – 911 100.0 100.0

23 2. Variables

[Q20_4] Over the past two years, how often have you written to newspa- pers’ Letters to the Editor section about some political issue?

Question

Over the past two years, how often have you written to newspapers’ Letters to the Editor section about some political issue?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Often 1 8 0.9 1.1 Sometimes 2 10 1.1 1.4 Seldom 3 28 3.1 3.9 Never 4 679 74.5 93.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 186 20.4 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q20_5] Over the past two years, how often have you personally contacted civil servants to discuss political issues you consider important?

Question

Over the past two years, how often have you personally contacted civil servants to discuss political issues you consider important?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Often 1 13 1.4 1.8 Sometimes 2 51 5.6 7.1 Seldom 3 62 6.8 8.6 Never 4 596 65.5 82.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 188 20.7 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q20_6] Over the past two years, how often have you personally contacted elected officials to discuss political issues you consider important?

Question

Over the past two years, how often have you personally contacted elected officials to discuss political issues you consider important?

24 Q21

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Often 1 24 2.6 3.3 Sometimes 2 64 7.0 8.7 Seldom 3 88 9.7 12.0 Never 4 559 61.4 76.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 176 19.3 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q20_7] Over the past two years, how often have you signed appeals or petitions

Question

Over the past two years, how often have you signed appeals or petitions

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Often 1 15 1.6 2.1 Sometimes 2 84 9.2 11.5 Seldom 3 155 17.0 21.2 Never 4 477 52.4 65.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 180 19.8 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q21] Are you presently a member of a political party, or have you ever been one?

Question

Are you presently a member of a political party, or have you ever been one?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I am presently a member of a political party 1 81 8.9 10.7 I have been a member, but not at the moment 2 92 10.1 12.1 I have never been a member of a political party 3 586 64.3 77.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 153 16.8 – 912 100.0 100.0

25 2. Variables

[Q22A] Have you ever been asked to join a political party?

Question

Have you ever been asked to join a political party?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I have never been asked 1 574 63.0 76.6 Yes 2 175 19.2 23.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 162 17.8 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q22B_1] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: SDP

Question

Which party or parties have you been asked to join: SDP

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have never been asked 0 700 76.8 89.5 Have been asked 1 82 9.0 10.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q22B_2] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: KESK

Question

Which party or parties have you been asked to join: KESK

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have never been asked 0 722 79.3 92.3 Have been asked 1 60 6.6 7.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

26 Q22B_5

[Q22B_3] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: KOK

Question

Which party or parties have you been asked to join: KOK

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have never been asked 0 731 80.2 93.5 Have been asked 1 51 5.6 6.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q22B_4] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: VAS

Question

Which party or parties have you been asked to join: VAS

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have never been asked 0 762 83.6 97.4 Have been asked 1 20 2.2 2.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q22B_5] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: RKP

Question

Which party or parties have you been asked to join: RKP

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have never been asked 0 778 85.4 99.5 Have been asked 1 4 0.4 0.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

27 2. Variables

[Q22B_6] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: VIHR

Question

Which party or parties have you been asked to join: VIHR

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have never been asked 0 774 85.0 99.0 Have been asked 1 8 0.9 1.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q22B_7] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: SKL

Question

Which party or parties have you been asked to join: SKL

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have never been asked 0 772 84.7 98.7 Have been asked 1 10 1.1 1.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q22B_8] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: NUOR

Question

Which party or parties have you been asked to join: NUOR

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have never been asked 0 782 85.8 100.0 Have been asked 1 0 0.0 0.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

28 Q22B_11

[Q22B_9] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: PS

Question

Which party or parties have you been asked to join: PS

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have never been asked 0 770 84.5 98.5 Have been asked 1 12 1.3 1.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q22B_10] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: LKP

Question

Which party or parties have you been asked to join: LKP

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have never been asked 0 773 84.9 98.8 Have been asked 1 9 1.0 1.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q22B_11] Which party or parties have you been asked to join: Some other

Question

Which party or parties have you been asked to join: Some other

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have never been asked 0 773 84.9 99.0 Have been asked 1 8 0.9 1.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 910 100.0 100.0

29 2. Variables

[Q22C_1] In which decade were you asked to join SDP

Question

In which decade were you asked to join SDP

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 63 minimum 40.00 maximum 90.00 mean 70.61 standard deviation 12.67

[Q22C_2] In which decade were you asked to join Center Party of Finland

Question

In which decade were you asked to join Center Party of Finland

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 50 minimum 30.00 maximum 90.00 mean 72.95 standard deviation 14.01

[Q22C_3] In which decade were you asked to join National Coalition Party

Question

In which decade were you asked to join National Coalition Party

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 40 minimum 50.00

(continued on next page)

30 Q22C_6

(cont. from previous page)

statistic value maximum 90.00 mean 73.56 standard deviation 13.42

[Q22C_4] In which decade were you asked to join Left Alliance

Question

In which decade were you asked to join Left Alliance

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 16 minimum 60.00 maximum 90.00 mean 77.26 standard deviation 9.27

[Q22C_5] In which decade were you asked to join RKP

Question

In which decade were you asked to join RKP

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1 minimum 70.00 maximum 70.00 mean – standard deviation –

[Q22C_6] In which decade were you asked to join Green League

Question

In which decade were you asked to join Green League

31 2. Variables

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 5 minimum 50.00 maximum 90.00 mean 73.25 standard deviation 19.23

[Q22C_7] In which decade were you asked to join SKL

Question

In which decade were you asked to join SKL

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 7 minimum 80.00 maximum 90.00 mean 81.17 standard deviation 3.50

[Q22C_8] In which decade were you asked to join Progressive Finnish Party

Question

In which decade were you asked to join Progressive Finnish Party No valid values

[Q22C_9] In which decade were you asked to join SMP

Question

In which decade were you asked to join SMP

Descriptive statistics

32 Q23

statistic value number of valid cases 9 minimum 60.00 maximum 80.00 mean 75.51 standard deviation 7.14

[Q22C_10] In which decade were you asked to join LKP

Question

In which decade were you asked to join LKP

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 8 minimum 50.00 maximum 80.00 mean 66.81 standard deviation 10.79

[Q22C_11] In which decade were you asked to join some other party

Question

In which decade were you asked to join some other party

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 6 minimum 60.00 maximum 90.00 mean 80.00 standard deviation 10.65

[Q23] If your would now be asked to join a party you find the most agree- able, how likely is it that you would join it or refuse to join it?

Question

If your would now be asked to join a party you find the most agreeable, how likely is it that you would join it or refuse to join it?

33 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I would certainly join 1 37 4.1 4.7 I would propably join 2 68 7.5 8.7 I would propably refuse 3 236 25.9 30.2 I would certainly refuse 4 310 34.0 39.6 I cannot say 5 131 14.4 16.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q24_1] If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Sending a personal note with a person who knows the politician/public ser- vant

Question

If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Sending a personal note with a person who knows the politician/public servant

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very congenial 1 62 6.8 7.9 Quite congenial 2 200 22.0 25.6 Not very congenial 3 196 21.5 25.1 Not at all congenial 4 154 16.9 19.7 Cannot say 5 170 18.7 21.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q24_2] If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact in an informal, unscheduled situation (on the street etc.)

Question

If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact in an informal, unscheduled situation (on the street etc.)

34 Q24_4

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very congenial 1 50 5.5 6.4 Quite congenial 2 182 20.0 23.3 Not very congenial 3 219 24.1 28.0 Not at all congenial 4 168 18.5 21.5 Cannot say 5 162 17.8 20.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q24_3] If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? In person at an appointed time

Question

If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? In person at an appointed time

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very congenial 1 112 12.3 14.3 Quite congenial 2 242 26.6 30.9 Not very congenial 3 163 17.9 20.8 Not at all congenial 4 131 14.4 16.8 Cannot say 5 134 14.7 17.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q24_4] If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact by telephone

Question

If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact by telephone

Frequencies

35 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Very congenial 1 110 12.1 14.1 Quite congenial 2 254 27.9 32.5 Not very congenial 3 152 16.7 19.4 Not at all congenial 4 129 14.2 16.5 Cannot say 5 137 15.0 17.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q24_5] If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact in writing (letter, fax, e-mail)

Question

If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact in writing (letter, fax, e-mail)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very congenial 1 75 8.2 9.6 Quite congenial 2 193 21.2 24.7 Not very congenial 3 177 19.4 22.6 Not at all congenial 4 170 18.7 21.7 Cannot say 5 167 18.3 21.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q24_6] If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Voicing an opinion in a public gathering with politicians or public servants present

Question

If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Voicing an opinion in a public gathering with politicians or public servants present

Frequencies

36 Q25_1

label value n % v. % Very congenial 1 43 4.7 5.5 Quite congenial 2 173 19.0 22.1 Not very congenial 3 194 21.3 24.8 Not at all congenial 4 235 25.8 30.1 Cannot say 5 137 15.0 17.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q24_7] If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Voicing an opinion in a newspaper or through some other media

Question

If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Voicing an opinion in a newspaper or through some other media

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very congenial 1 38 4.2 4.9 Quite congenial 2 88 9.7 11.3 Not very congenial 3 193 21.2 24.7 Not at all congenial 4 304 33.4 38.9 Cannot say 5 158 17.4 20.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q25_1] How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? The councilors themselves.

Question

How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? The councilors themselves.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 213 23.4 28.4

(continued on next page)

37 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Quite a lot 2 271 29.7 36.1 Difficult to say 3 214 23.5 28.5 Rather little 4 36 4.0 4.8 Very little 5 16 1.8 2.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 161 17.7 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q25_2] How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? Leading civil servants of the municipality.

Question

How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? Leading civil servants of the municipality.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 109 12.0 14.7 Quite a lot 2 270 29.6 36.4 Difficult to say 3 289 31.7 39.0 Rather little 4 57 6.3 7.7 Very little 5 16 1.8 2.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 171 18.8 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q25_3] How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? The main media.

Question

How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? The main media.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 39 4.3 5.3 Quite a lot 2 278 30.5 38.0

(continued on next page)

38 Q26_1

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Difficult to say 3 281 30.9 38.4 Rather little 4 115 12.6 15.7 Very little 5 19 2.1 2.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 178 19.6 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q25_4] How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilor’s in your municipality? You yourself.

Question

How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilor’s in your municipal- ity? You yourself.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 19 2.1 2.6 Quite a lot 2 199 21.9 27.2 Difficult to say 3 172 18.9 23.5 Rather little 4 217 23.8 29.6 Very little 5 125 13.7 17.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 178 19.6 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q26_1] What do you think about the following statements? Everybody who wants to can have a say in the affairs of their home municipality.

Question

What do you think about the following statements? Everybody who wants to can have a say in the affairs of their home municipality.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 94 10.3 12.4 I agree somewhat 2 251 27.6 33.1 Difficult to say 3 130 14.3 17.1

(continued on next page)

39 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % I disagree somewhat 4 193 21.2 25.4 I fully disagree 5 91 10.0 12.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 152 16.7 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q26_2] What do you think about the following statements? I think that I understand the important issues of municipal politics rather well.

Question

What do you think about the following statements? I think that I understand the important issues of municipal politics rather well.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 66 7.3 8.8 I agree somewhat 2 295 32.4 39.2 Difficult to say 3 217 23.8 28.8 I disagree somewhat 4 122 13.4 16.2 I fully disagree 5 53 5.8 7.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 157 17.3 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q26_3] What do you think about the following statements? I have no say in what the municipal board and council decides.

Question

What do you think about the following statements? I have no say in what the municipal board and council decides.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 188 20.6 24.9 I agree somewhat 2 239 26.2 31.7 Difficult to say 3 132 14.5 17.5 I disagree somewhat 4 148 16.2 19.6

(continued on next page)

40 Q26_5

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % I fully disagree 5 48 5.3 6.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 157 17.2 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q26_4] What do you think about the following statements? There is at least one party in local politics which acts in my best interest.

Question

What do you think about the following statements? There is at least one party in local politics which acts in my best interest.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 65 7.1 8.6 I agree somewhat 2 169 18.6 22.5 Difficult to say 3 280 30.8 37.2 I disagree somewhat 4 120 13.2 16.0 I fully disagree 5 118 13.0 15.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 158 17.4 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q26_5] What do you think about the following statements? In municipal politics, parties are only interested in people’s votes, not in their opinions.

Question

What do you think about the following statements? In municipal politics, parties are only inter- ested in people’s votes, not in their opinions.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 174 19.1 23.2 I agree somewhat 2 280 30.7 37.3 Difficult to say 3 133 14.6 17.7 I disagree somewhat 4 137 15.0 18.2 I fully disagree 5 27 3.0 3.6

(continued on next page)

41 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % System missing (SYSMIS) . 161 17.7 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q26_6] What do you think about the following statements? In view of po- litical actions carried out in my municipality, the election results do not have much significance nowadays.

Question

What do you think about the following statements? In view of political actions carried out in my municipality, the election results do not have much significance nowadays.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 99 10.9 13.2 I agree somewhat 2 223 24.5 29.7 Difficult to say 3 212 23.3 28.2 I disagree somewhat 4 169 18.6 22.5 I fully disagree 5 49 5.4 6.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 159 17.5 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q26_7] What do you think about the following statements? In my home municipality, public servants do not stand in the way of the representative democracy implemented through the local council decision-making.

Question

What do you think about the following statements? In my home municipality, public servants do not stand in the way of the representative democracy implemented through the local council decision-making.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 43 4.7 5.8 I agree somewhat 2 133 14.6 17.9

(continued on next page)

42 Q26_9

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Difficult to say 3 426 46.8 57.3 I disagree somewhat 4 97 10.6 13.0 I fully disagree 5 45 4.9 6.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 167 18.3 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q26_8] What do you think about the following statements? Usually, the local government councillors lose touch with the voters soon after they have been elected.

Question

What do you think about the following statements? Usually, the local government councillors lose touch with the voters soon after they have been elected.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 146 16.0 19.5 I agree somewhat 2 328 36.0 43.9 Difficult to say 3 141 15.5 18.9 I disagree somewhat 4 109 12.0 14.6 I fully disagree 5 23 2.5 3.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 165 18.1 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q26_9] What do you think about the following statements? Generally speaking, one can trust the local politicians in my home municipality.

Question

What do you think about the following statements? Generally speaking, one can trust the local politicians in my home municipality.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 43 4.7 5.7 I agree somewhat 2 231 25.3 30.8

(continued on next page)

43 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Difficult to say 3 301 33.0 40.2 I disagree somewhat 4 116 12.7 15.5 I fully disagree 5 58 6.4 7.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 163 17.9 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q26_10] What do you think about the following statements? Political decision- making power is concentrated in far too few hands in my home municipal- ity.

Question

What do you think about the following statements? Political decision-making power is concen- trated in far too few hands in my home municipality.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 197 21.6 26.2 I agree somewhat 2 237 26.0 31.6 Difficult to say 3 217 23.8 28.9 I disagree somewhat 4 82 9.0 10.9 I fully disagree 5 18 2.0 2.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 159 17.5 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q26_11] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Everybody who wants to can have a say in the affairs of our society.

Question

How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Everybody who wants to can have a say in the affairs of our society.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 69 7.6 9.2

(continued on next page) 44 Q26_13

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % I agree somewhat 2 212 23.3 28.2 Difficult to say 3 124 13.6 16.5 I disagree somewhat 4 220 24.1 29.3 I fully disagree 5 126 13.8 16.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 160 17.6 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q26_12] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? I think that I understand important political issues rather well.

Question

How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? I think that I understand important political issues rather well.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 93 10.2 12.5 I agree somewhat 2 286 31.4 38.4 Difficult to say 3 181 19.9 24.3 I disagree somewhat 4 124 13.6 16.7 I fully disagree 5 60 6.6 8.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 166 18.2 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q26_13] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? I have no say in what the Finnish Government and Parliament decide.

Question

How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? I have no say in what the Finnish Government and Parliament decide.

Frequencies

45 2. Variables

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 262 28.8 34.9 I agree somewhat 2 244 26.8 32.5 Difficult to say 3 112 12.3 14.9 I disagree somewhat 4 99 10.9 13.2 I fully disagree 5 34 3.7 4.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 160 17.6 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q26_14] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? There is at least one party in politics which acts in my best interest.

Question

How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? There is at least one party in politics which acts in my best interest.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 57 6.3 7.7 I agree somewhat 2 176 19.3 23.8 Difficult to say 3 258 28.3 34.8 I disagree somewhat 4 131 14.4 17.7 I fully disagree 5 119 13.1 16.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 170 18.7 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q26_15] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Political parties are only interested in people’s votes, not in their opinions.

Question

How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Political parties are only interested in people’s votes, not in their opinions.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 227 24.9 30.3

(continued on next page) 46 Q26_17

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % I agree somewhat 2 259 28.5 34.6 Difficult to say 3 129 14.2 17.2 I disagree somewhat 4 115 12.6 15.4 I fully disagree 5 19 2.1 2.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 161 17.7 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q26_16] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? In view of political actions car- ried out in our country, the election results do not have much significance nowadays.

Question

How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? In view of political actions carried out in our country, the election results do not have much significance nowadays.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 128 14.0 17.2 I agree somewhat 2 255 28.0 34.3 Difficult to say 3 164 18.0 22.1 I disagree somewhat 4 153 16.8 20.6 I fully disagree 5 43 4.7 5.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 169 18.5 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q26_17] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? In Finland, civil/public ser- vants do not stand in the way of the representative democracy implemented through elections.

Question

How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the follow- ing statements? In Finland, civil/public servants do not stand in the way of the representative democracy implemented through elections.

47 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 52 5.7 7.0 I agree somewhat 2 166 18.2 22.5 Difficult to say 3 374 41.1 50.6 I disagree somewhat 4 110 12.1 14.9 I fully disagree 5 37 4.1 5.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 172 18.9 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q26_18] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Usually, members of the Parliament lose touch with the voters soon after they have been elected.

Question

How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Usually, members of the Parliament lose touch with the voters soon after they have been elected.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 196 21.5 26.3 I agree somewhat 2 328 36.0 44.0 Difficult to say 3 130 14.3 17.4 I disagree somewhat 4 78 8.6 10.5 I fully disagree 5 13 1.4 1.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 167 18.3 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q26_19] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Generally speaking, one can trust the politicians.

Question

How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Generally speaking, one can trust the politicians.

Frequencies

48 Q27

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 21 2.3 2.8 I agree somewhat 2 129 14.2 17.3 Difficult to say 3 213 23.4 28.6 I disagree somewhat 4 243 26.7 32.7 I fully disagree 5 138 15.1 18.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 167 18.3 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q26_20] How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? In our society, political decision- making power is concentrated in far too few hands.

Question

How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the follow- ing statements? In our society, political decision-making power is concentrated in far too few hands.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I fully agree 1 238 26.1 32.0 I agree somewhat 2 278 30.5 37.4 Difficult to say 3 141 15.5 19.0 I disagree somewhat 4 72 7.9 9.7 I fully disagree 5 14 1.5 1.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 168 18.4 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q27] As far as the circumstances of municipalities and their development are concerned, to what extent would you say the state authorities influence the local decision-making?

Question

As far as the circumstances of municipalities and their development are concerned, to what extent would you say the state authorities influence the local decision-making?

Frequencies

49 2. Variables

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 87 9.6 11.1 To some extent 2 365 40.1 46.7 Not significantly 3 176 19.3 22.5 Not at all 4 14 1.5 1.8 Cannot say 5 139 15.3 17.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q28_1] In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality’s enfran- chised population? Equal representation of the different sexes.

Question

In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality’s enfranchised population? Equal representation of the different sexes.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very important 1 196 21.5 26.0 Fairly important 2 311 34.1 41.2 Difficult to say 3 86 9.4 11.4 Not very important 4 130 14.3 17.2 Not at all important 5 31 3.4 4.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 157 17.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q28_2] In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality’s enfran- chised population? Equal representation of various age groups.

Question

In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality’s enfranchised population? Equal representation of various age groups.

Frequencies

50 Q28_4

label value n % v. % Very important 1 218 23.9 29.0 Fairly important 2 344 37.8 45.7 Difficult to say 3 81 8.9 10.8 Not very important 4 94 10.3 12.5 Not at all important 5 16 1.8 2.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 158 17.3 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q28_3] In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality’s enfran- chised population? Equal representation of various occupational groups.

Question

In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality’s enfranchised population? Equal representation of various occupational groups.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very important 1 197 21.6 26.1 Fairly important 2 336 36.9 44.5 Difficult to say 3 125 13.7 16.6 Not very important 4 82 9.0 10.9 Not at all important 5 15 1.6 2.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 156 17.1 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q28_4] In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality’s enfran- chised population? Equal representation of people with different degrees of education.

Question

In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality’s enfranchised population? Equal representation of people with different degrees of education.

Frequencies

51 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Very important 1 180 19.8 24.1 Fairly important 2 342 37.6 45.7 Difficult to say 3 122 13.4 16.3 Not very important 4 82 9.0 11.0 Not at all important 5 22 2.4 2.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 162 17.8 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q29_1] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Day-care services.

Question

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Day-care services.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 682 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 7.64 standard deviation 1.29

[Q29_2] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): School system.

Question

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): School system.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 685 minimum 4.00

(continued on next page)

52 Q29_4

(cont. from previous page)

statistic value maximum 10.00 mean 7.66 standard deviation 1.23

[Q29_3] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Public transport.

Question

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Public transport.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 692 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 6.86 standard deviation 1.52

[Q29_4] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Environmental protection.

Question

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Environmental protec- tion.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 673 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00

(continued on next page)

53 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

statistic value mean 6.96 standard deviation 1.23

[Q29_5] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Library administration.

Question

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Library administration.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 692 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 8.02 standard deviation 1.28

[Q29_6] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Primary health care.

Question

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Primary health care.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 704 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 7.45 standard deviation 1.41

54 Q29_9

[Q29_7] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Care of the elderly.

Question

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Care of the elderly.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 682 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 7.33 standard deviation 1.26

[Q29_8] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Cultural services.

Question

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Cultural services.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 676 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 7.38 standard deviation 1.31

[Q29_9] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Support for housing construction.

Question

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Support for housing

55 2. Variables construction.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 639 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 6.76 standard deviation 1.31

[Q29_10] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Subsistence subsidies.

Question

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Subsistence subsidies.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 633 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 6.90 standard deviation 1.46

[Q29_11] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Employment.

Question

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Employment.

Descriptive statistics

56 Q29_13

statistic value number of valid cases 678 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 5.87 standard deviation 1.42

[Q29_12] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Sports and recreational services.

Question

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Sports and recreational services.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 689 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 7.82 standard deviation 1.28

[Q29_13] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Street maintenance and lights.

Question

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Street maintenance and lights.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 696 minimum 4.00

(continued on next page)

57 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

statistic value maximum 10.00 mean 7.43 standard deviation 1.28

[Q29_14] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Support for businesses and enterprises.

Question

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Support for businesses and enterprises.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 629 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 6.97 standard deviation 1.28

[Q29_15] The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Maintenance of parks and recreational areas.

Question

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Maintenance of parks and recreational areas.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 686 minimum 4.00

(continued on next page)

58 Q30_2

(cont. from previous page)

statistic value maximum 10.00 mean 7.45 standard deviation 1.26

[Q30_1] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be fur- ther developed in your home municipality: Day-care services.

Question

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Day-care services.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 591 64.9 75.6 Mentioned 1 191 21.0 24.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q30_2] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be fur- ther developed in your home municipality: School system.

Question

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: School system.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 576 63.2 73.7 Mentioned 1 206 22.6 26.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

59 2. Variables

[Q30_3] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be fur- ther developed in your home municipality: Public transport.

Question

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Public transport.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 506 55.6 64.8 Mentioned 1 275 30.2 35.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q30_4] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be fur- ther developed in your home municipality: Environmental protection.

Question

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Environmental protection.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 550 60.4 70.3 Mentioned 1 232 25.5 29.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q30_5] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be fur- ther developed in your home municipality: Library administration.

Question

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Library administration.

Frequencies

60 Q30_7

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 698 76.6 89.3 Mentioned 1 84 9.2 10.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q30_6] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be fur- ther developed in your home municipality: Primary health care services

Question

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Primary health care services

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 463 50.9 59.3 Mentioned 1 318 34.9 40.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q30_7] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be fur- ther developed in your home municipality: Care of the elderly.

Question

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Care of the elderly.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 483 53.0 61.8 Mentioned 1 299 32.8 38.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

61 2. Variables

[Q30_8] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be fur- ther developed in your home municipality: Cultural services.

Question

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Cultural services.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 679 74.5 86.8 Mentioned 1 103 11.3 13.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q30_9] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be fur- ther developed in your home municipality: Support for housing construc- tion.

Question

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Support for housing construction.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 547 60.0 69.9 Mentioned 1 235 25.8 30.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q30_10] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Subsistence subsidies.

Question

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Subsistence subsidies.

Frequencies

62 Q30_12

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 591 64.9 75.6 Mentioned 1 191 21.0 24.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q30_11] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Employment.

Question

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Employment.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 244 26.8 31.2 Mentioned 1 538 59.1 68.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q30_12] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Sports and recreational ser- vices.

Question

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Sports and recreational services.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 693 76.2 88.7 Mentioned 1 88 9.7 11.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 910 100.0 100.0

63 2. Variables

[Q30_13] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be fur- ther developed in your home municipality: Street maintenance and lights.

Question

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Street maintenance and lights.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 613 67.4 78.5 Mentioned 1 168 18.5 21.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q30_14] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Support for businesses and enterprises.

Question

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Support for businesses and enterprises.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 578 63.4 73.9 Mentioned 1 204 22.4 26.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q30_15] Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Maintenance of parks and recreational areas.

Question

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Maintenance of parks and recreational areas.

Frequencies

64 Q31_2

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 665 73.0 85.0 Mentioned 1 117 12.8 15.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q31_1] How good are the following means of developing municipal democ- racy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home munici- pality: Developing regional governance, for instance sub-municipal author- ity.

Question

How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Developing regional governance, for in- stance sub-municipal authority.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 58 6.4 7.8 Rather good means 2 261 28.7 35.2 Difficult to say 3 374 41.1 50.5 Not a very good means 4 40 4.4 5.4 Not at all good means 5 8 0.9 1.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 169 18.6 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q31_2] How good are the following means of developing municipal democ- racy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home munici- pality: Developing the right to make motions.

Question

How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Developing the right to make motions.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 88 9.6 11.9

(continued on next page)

65 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Rather good means 2 305 33.4 41.2 Difficult to say 3 312 34.2 42.2 Not a very good means 4 33 3.6 4.5 Not at all good means 5 2 0.2 0.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 172 18.9 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q31_3] How good are the following means of developing municipal democ- racy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home munici- pality: Municipal referendums.

Question

How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Municipal referendums.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 104 11.4 14.0 Rather good means 2 310 34.0 41.6 Difficult to say 3 232 25.4 31.1 Not a very good means 4 85 9.3 11.4 Not at all good means 5 14 1.5 1.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 167 18.3 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q31_4] How good are the following means of developing municipal democ- racy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home munici- pality: Municipal opinion polls.

Question

How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Municipal opinion polls.

Frequencies

66 Q31_6

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 125 13.7 16.9 Rather good means 2 355 39.0 48.1 Difficult to say 3 197 21.6 26.7 Not a very good means 4 52 5.7 7.0 Not at all good means 5 9 1.0 1.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 173 19.0 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q31_5] How good are the following means of developing municipal democ- racy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home munici- pality: Public hearings.

Question

How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Public hearings.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 98 10.8 13.3 Rather good means 2 332 36.5 45.1 Difficult to say 3 229 25.2 31.1 Not a very good means 4 69 7.6 9.4 Not at all good means 5 8 0.9 1.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 174 19.1 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q31_6] How good are the following means of developing municipal democ- racy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home munici- pality: Other discussions and briefings.

Question

How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Other discussions and briefings.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 102 11.2 13.9

(continued on next page) 67 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Rather good means 2 341 37.4 46.3 Difficult to say 3 223 24.5 30.3 Not a very good means 4 64 7.0 8.7 Not at all good means 5 6 0.7 0.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 175 19.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q31_7] How good are the following means of developing municipal democ- racy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home munic- ipality: Strengthening the power of elected officials at the cost of civil ser- vants.

Question

How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Strengthening the power of elected officials at the cost of civil servants.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 53 5.8 7.2 Rather good means 2 160 17.6 21.7 Difficult to say 3 384 42.2 52.0 Not a very good means 4 120 13.2 16.2 Not at all good means 5 22 2.4 3.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 172 18.9 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q31_8] How good are the following means of developing municipal democ- racy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home munici- pality: Devolving the election of the municipal/city manager directly to the residents.

Question

How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Devolving the election of the municipal/city manager directly to the residents.

68 Q31_10

Frequencies

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 149 16.4 20.1 Rather good means 2 177 19.5 23.9 Difficult to say 3 251 27.6 33.9 Not a very good means 4 123 13.5 16.6 Not at all good means 5 40 4.4 5.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 170 18.7 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q31_9] How good are the following means of developing municipal democ- racy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home munici- pality: Increasing fixed-term contracts for leading municipal officials.

Question

How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Increasing fixed-term contracts for leading municipal officials.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 169 18.6 22.9 Rather good means 2 199 21.8 26.9 Difficult to say 3 243 26.7 32.9 Not a very good means 4 106 11.6 14.3 Not at all good means 5 22 2.4 3.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 172 18.9 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q31_10] How good are the following means of developing municipal democ- racy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home munici- pality: Developing the operations of local organisations of political parties.

Question

How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Developing the operations of local organi- sations of political parties.

Frequencies

69 2. Variables

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 39 4.3 5.3 Rather good means 2 166 18.2 22.5 Difficult to say 3 365 40.0 49.5 Not a very good means 4 126 13.8 17.1 Not at all good means 5 42 4.6 5.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 174 19.1 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q32_1] How good do you find the following means in developing the effi- ciency of municipal decision-making and service production? Reducing the number of municipalities by involuntary consolidations.

Question

How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Reducing the number of municipalities by involuntary consol- idations.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 52 5.7 6.9 A rather good means 2 137 15.0 18.3 Difficult to say 3 208 22.8 27.8 Not a very good means 4 238 26.1 31.8 Not at all good means 5 114 12.5 15.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 162 17.8 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q32_2] How good do you find the following means in developing the ef- ficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Increasing voluntary co-operation between municipalities.

Question

How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Increasing voluntary co-operation between municipalities.

Frequencies

70 Q32_4

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 199 21.8 26.7 A rather good means 2 400 43.9 53.8 Difficult to say 3 125 13.7 16.8 Not a very good means 4 18 2.0 2.4 Not at all good means 5 2 0.2 0.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 167 18.3 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q32_3] How good do you find the following means in developing the ef- ficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Promoting the idea of profit responsibility.

Question

How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Promoting the idea of profit responsibility.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 157 17.2 21.2 A rather good means 2 288 31.6 38.9 Difficult to say 3 217 23.8 29.3 Not a very good means 4 63 6.9 8.5 Not at all good means 5 16 1.8 2.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 171 18.8 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q32_4] How good do you find the following means in developing the effi- ciency of municipal decision-making and service production? Privatization of municipal services.

Question

How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Privatization of municipal services.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 63 6.9 8.7

(continued on next page) 71 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % A rather good means 2 177 19.4 24.4 Difficult to say 3 245 26.9 33.7 Not a very good means 4 173 19.0 23.8 Not at all good means 5 68 7.5 9.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 185 20.3 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q32_5] How good do you find the following means in developing the ef- ficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Increasing the power of experts and public servants at the cost of elected officials.

Question

How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Increasing the power of experts and public servants at the cost of elected officials.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 26 2.9 3.5 A rather good means 2 120 13.2 16.2 Difficult to say 3 310 34.0 41.9 Not a very good means 4 205 22.5 27.7 Not at all good means 5 79 8.7 10.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 171 18.8 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q32_6] How good do you find the following means in developing the ef- ficiency of municipal decision-making and service production? Increasing fixed-term contracts for leading municipal officials.

Question

How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Increasing fixed-term contracts for leading municipal officials.

Frequencies

72 Q33_2

label value n % v. % A very good means 1 166 18.2 22.3 A rather good means 2 217 23.8 29.1 Difficult to say 3 236 25.9 31.6 Not a very good means 4 100 11.0 13.4 Not at all good means 5 27 3.0 3.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 166 18.2 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q33_1] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Municipal/city council.

Question

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munici- pality? Municipal/city council.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 225 24.7 30.3 Quite a lot 2 383 42.1 51.5 Difficult to say 3 101 11.1 13.6 Quite little 4 32 3.5 4.3 Very little 5 2 0.2 0.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 167 18.4 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q33_2] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Municipal/city board.

Question

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munici- pality? Municipal/city board.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 268 29.5 36.3 Quite a lot 2 344 37.8 46.6 Difficult to say 3 109 12.0 14.8

(continued on next page)

73 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Quite little 4 16 1.8 2.2 Very little 5 1 0.1 0.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 172 18.9 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q33_3] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Committees and executive boards.

Question

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munici- pality? Committees and executive boards.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 85 9.3 11.5 Quite a lot 2 355 39.0 47.8 Difficult to say 3 211 23.2 28.4 Quite little 4 88 9.7 11.9 Very little 5 3 0.3 0.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 169 18.6 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q33_4] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Municipal manager/city mayor.

Question

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munici- pality? Municipal manager/city mayor.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 176 19.3 23.8 Quite a lot 2 320 35.1 43.4 Difficult to say 3 180 19.8 24.4 Quite little 4 54 5.9 7.3

(continued on next page)

74 Q33_6

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Very little 5 8 0.9 1.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 173 19.0 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q33_5] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Municipal public servants in general.

Question

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munici- pality? Municipal public servants in general.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 82 9.0 11.1 Quite a lot 2 281 30.8 38.2 Difficult to say 3 246 27.0 33.4 Quite little 4 116 12.7 15.8 Very little 5 11 1.2 1.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 176 19.3 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q33_6] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Banks.

Question

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munici- pality? Banks.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 115 12.6 15.5 Quite a lot 2 228 25.0 30.8 Difficult to say 3 274 30.1 37.0 Quite little 4 104 11.4 14.0 Very little 5 20 2.2 2.7

(continued on next page)

75 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % System missing (SYSMIS) . 170 18.7 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q33_7] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Industrial and other enterprises.

Question

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munici- pality? Industrial and other enterprises.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 103 11.3 13.9 Quite a lot 2 249 27.3 33.5 Difficult to say 3 251 27.6 33.8 Quite little 4 125 13.7 16.8 Very little 5 15 1.6 2.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 168 18.4 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q33_8] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Local state authorities.

Question

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munici- pality? Local state authorities.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 40 4.4 5.4 Quite a lot 2 247 27.1 33.6 Difficult to say 3 316 34.7 43.0 Quite little 4 112 12.3 15.2 Very little 5 20 2.2 2.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 176 19.3 –

(continued on next page)

76 Q33_10

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 911 100.0 100.0

[Q33_9] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home municipality? Parties’ local organizations.

Question

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munici- pality? Parties’ local organizations.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 27 3.0 3.6 Quite a lot 2 179 19.6 24.2 Difficult to say 3 300 32.9 40.5 Quite little 4 205 22.5 27.7 Very little 5 30 3.3 4.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 170 18.7 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q33_10] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bod- ies have in your home municipality? Trade unions.

Question

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munici- pality? Trade unions.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 24 2.6 3.2 Quite a lot 2 160 17.5 21.7 Difficult to say 3 273 29.9 36.9 Quite little 4 241 26.4 32.6 Very little 5 41 4.5 5.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 173 19.0 – 912 100.0 100.0

77 2. Variables

[Q33_11] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bod- ies have in your home municipality? Employers’ associations.

Question

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munici- pality? Employers’ associations.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 26 2.9 3.5 Quite a lot 2 163 17.9 22.1 Difficult to say 3 289 31.7 39.3 Quite little 4 229 25.1 31.1 Very little 5 29 3.2 3.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 175 19.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q33_12] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bod- ies have in your home municipality? Organizations of the agricultural pro- ducers.

Question

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munici- pality? Organizations of the agricultural producers.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 27 3.0 3.7 Quite a lot 2 144 15.8 19.6 Difficult to say 3 282 31.0 38.3 Quite little 4 215 23.6 29.2 Very little 5 68 7.5 9.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 175 19.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

78 Q33_14

[Q33_13] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bod- ies have in your home municipality? Residents’ associations/village com- mittees.

Question

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munici- pality? Residents’ associations/village committees.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 12 1.3 1.6 Quite a lot 2 101 11.1 13.7 Difficult to say 3 213 23.4 28.8 Quite little 4 331 36.3 44.8 Very little 5 82 9.0 11.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 172 18.9 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q33_14] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bod- ies have in your home municipality? Regional/local newspapers.

Question

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munici- pality? Regional/local newspapers.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 19 2.1 2.6 Quite a lot 2 199 21.8 27.0 Difficult to say 3 245 26.9 33.3 Quite little 4 226 24.8 30.7 Very little 5 47 5.2 6.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 175 19.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

79 2. Variables

[Q33_15] In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bod- ies have in your home municipality? Residents in general.

Question

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munici- pality? Residents in general.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 8 0.9 1.1 Quite a lot 2 95 10.4 12.9 Difficult to say 3 193 21.2 26.1 Quite little 4 310 34.0 41.9 Very little 5 133 14.6 18.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 172 18.9 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q34] What is your impression of the current Government, i.e. the Govern- ment of Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen? Are you satisfied with its actions?

Question

What is your impression of the current Government, i.e. the Government of Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen? Are you satisfied with its actions?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very satisfied 1 8 0.9 1.0 Quite satisfied 2 225 24.7 28.8 Quite dissatisfied 3 276 30.3 35.3 Very dissatisfied 4 169 18.6 21.6 Cannot say 5 104 11.4 13.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

80 Q35A_3

[Q35A_1] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4- 10)? Media in general.

Question

In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Media in general.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 684 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 7.54 standard deviation 1.40

[Q35A_2] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4- 10)? Region’s largest newspaper.

Question

In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Region’s largest newspaper.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 672 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 7.69 standard deviation 1.25

[Q35A_3] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4- 10)? Other newspapers in the region/municipality.

Question

In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate dur- ing the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Other newspapers in the region/municipality.

81 2. Variables

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 639 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 7.38 standard deviation 1.34

[Q35A_4] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4- 10)? Free newspapers.

Question

In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Free newspapers.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 582 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 6.99 standard deviation 1.50

[Q35A_5] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4- 10)? National and regional radio broadcasts (YLE)

Question

In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National and regional radio broadcasts (YLE)

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 642

(continued on next page)

82 Q35A_7

(cont. from previous page)

statistic value minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 7.25 standard deviation 1.38

[Q35A_6] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4- 10)? Local radio stations.

Question

In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Local radio stations.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 577 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 7.02 standard deviation 1.39

[Q35A_7] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the recent municipal election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National TV-broadcasts.

Question

In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the recent municipal election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National TV-broadcasts.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 646 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00

(continued on next page)

83 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

statistic value mean 7.62 standard deviation 1.50

[Q35A_8] In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4- 10)? Cable/local television.

Question

In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Cable/local television.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 255 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 6.26 standard deviation 1.63

[Q35B_1] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate in- formation about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Media in general.

Question

In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Media in general.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 610 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 7.15 standard deviation 1.51

84 Q35B_4

[Q35B_2] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate in- formation about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Region’s largest newspaper.

Question

In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Region’s largest newspaper.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 609 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 6.98 standard deviation 1.54

[Q35B_3] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate in- formation about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Other newspapers in the region/municipality.

Question

In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Other newspapers in the region/municipality.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 573 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 7.04 standard deviation 1.45

[Q35B_4] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate in- formation about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Free newspapers.

Question

In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Free newspapers.

85 2. Variables

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 522 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 6.85 standard deviation 1.51

[Q35B_5] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate in- formation about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National and regional radio broadcasts of the Finnish Broad- casting Company.

Question

In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National and regional radio broadcasts of the Finnish Broadcasting Company.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 575 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 7.38 standard deviation 1.43

[Q35B_6] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate in- formation about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Local radio stations.

Question

In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Local radio stations.

Descriptive statistics

86 Q35B_8

statistic value number of valid cases 525 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 7.18 standard deviation 1.44

[Q35B_7] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate in- formation about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National TV- broadcasts.

Question

In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National TV- broadcasts.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 580 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 7.43 standard deviation 1.44

[Q35B_8] In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate in- formation about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Cable/local television.

Question

In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Cable/local television.

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 233 minimum 4.00 maximum 10.00 mean 6.80 standard deviation 1.59

87 2. Variables

[Q36] A number of the enfranchised did not vote in the municipal elections this fall. Did you or did you not vote?

Question

A number of the enfranchised did not vote in the municipal elections this fall. Did you or did you not vote?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I did vote 1 564 61.9 72.4 I did not vote 2 215 23.6 27.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 132 14.5 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q37_1] The most important reason for voting

Question

The most important reason for voting

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Desire to see to it that goals I consider important are 1 121 13.3 21.7 met In my opinion, voting is a civic duty 2 235 25.8 42.1 I wanted to help a particular party/candidate to suc- 3 110 12.1 19.7 ceed Voting is a habit 4 24 2.6 4.3 I cannot say 5 68 7.5 12.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 354 38.8 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q37_2] The second most important reason for voting

Question

The second most important reason for voting

Frequencies

88 Q38_2

label value n % v. % Desire to see to it that goals I consider important are 1 83 9.1 14.8 met In my opinion, voting is a civic duty 2 121 13.3 21.6 I wanted to help a particular party/candidate to suc- 3 145 15.9 25.8 ceed Voting is a habit 4 88 9.7 15.7 I cannot say 5 124 13.6 22.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 349 38.4 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q38_1] Is the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections of the same sex as you?

Question

Is the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections of the same sex as you?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 336 36.8 59.3 No 2 183 20.1 32.3 Cannot say/will not say 3 48 5.3 8.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 345 37.8 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q38_2] Do you and the candidate you voted for belong to the same age group?

Question

Do you and the candidate you voted for belong to the same age group?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 293 32.2 51.9 No 2 209 22.9 37.0 Cannot say/will not say 3 63 6.9 11.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 346 38.0 – 911 100.0 100.0

89 2. Variables

[Q38_3] Does the candidate you voted for represent the same occupational group as you do

Question

Does the candidate you voted for represent the same occupational group as you do

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 132 14.5 23.4 No 2 341 37.4 60.4 Cannot say/will not say 3 92 10.1 16.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 346 38.0 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q39_1] To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candi- date based on the fact that he/she is of the same sex as you are?

Question

To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candidate based on the fact that he/she is of the same sex as you are?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 90 9.9 17.2 To some extent 2 94 10.3 17.9 Difficult to say 3 26 2.9 5.0 Not significantly 4 125 13.7 23.9 Not at all 5 189 20.8 36.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 386 42.4 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q39_2] To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candi- date based on the fact that you and he/she belong to the same age group

Question

To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candidate based on the fact that you and he/she belong to the same age group

90 Q40_1

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 71 7.8 13.3 To some extent 2 121 13.3 22.6 Difficult to say 3 40 4.4 7.5 Not significantly 4 139 15.3 26.0 Not at all 5 164 18.0 30.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 375 41.2 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q39_3] To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candi- date based on the fact that you and he/she belong to the same occupational group

Question

To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candidate based on the fact that you and he/she belong to the same occupational group

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 49 5.4 9.4 To some extent 2 67 7.4 12.9 Difficult to say 3 38 4.2 7.3 Not significantly 4 129 14.2 24.8 Not at all 5 237 26.0 45.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 391 42.9 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q40_1] How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I know the candidate personally

Question

How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I know the candidate personally

Frequencies

91 2. Variables

label value n % v. % No 0 490 53.8 62.7 Yes 1 292 32.1 37.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q40_2] How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? A friend, acquaintance or relative of mine knows the candidate in person

Question

How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? A friend, ac- quaintance or relative of mine knows the candidate in person

Frequencies

label value n % v. % No 0 717 78.7 91.7 Yes 1 65 7.1 8.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q40_3] How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the munici- pal elections? I had followed the candidate’s activities through media even before his/her advertising campaign

Question

How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I had followed the candidate’s activities through media even before his/her advertising campaign

Frequencies

label value n % v. % No 0 622 68.3 79.5 Yes 1 160 17.6 20.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

92 Q40_6

[Q40_4] How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the munic- ipal elections? I voted for the candidate on the basis of his/her advertising campaign

Question

How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I voted for the candidate on the basis of his/her advertising campaign

Frequencies

label value n % v. % No 0 740 81.2 94.6 Yes 1 42 4.6 5.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q40_5] How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I chose the candidate without knowing him/her very well.

Question

How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I chose the candidate without knowing him/her very well.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % No 0 746 81.9 95.4 Yes 1 36 4.0 4.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q40_6] How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? Cannot say

Question

How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? Cannot say

Frequencies

93 2. Variables

label value n % v. % No 0 748 82.1 95.7 Yes 1 34 3.7 4.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q41] If you consider your voting decision in the municipal elections, which was more decisive: the party or the candidate?

Question

If you consider your voting decision in the municipal elections, which was more decisive: the party or the candidate?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Party 1 158 17.3 28.0 Candidate 2 345 37.9 61.2 Cannot say 3 61 6.7 10.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 347 38.1 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q42_1] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s pursuit of poli- cies at the state level during the ongoing electoral period

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s pursuit of policies at the state level during the ongoing electoral period

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 54 5.9 10.1 Rather significant 2 143 15.7 26.8 Difficult to say 3 71 7.8 13.3 Had some significance 4 114 12.5 21.3 Had no significance 5 152 16.7 28.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 377 41.4 –

(continued on next page)

94 Q42_3

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 911 100.0 100.0

[Q42_2] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party has a good chair- person.

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party has a good chairperson.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 29 3.2 5.5 Rather significant 2 80 8.8 15.3 Difficult to say 3 106 11.6 20.2 Had some significance 4 89 9.8 17.0 Had no significance 5 220 24.1 42.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 387 42.5 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q42_3] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s policy regard- ing issues related to the European Union

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s policy regarding issues related to the European Union

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 53 5.8 9.9 Rather significant 2 116 12.7 21.8 Difficult to say 3 95 10.4 17.8 Had some significance 4 107 11.7 20.1

(continued on next page)

95 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Had no significance 5 162 17.8 30.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 378 41.5 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q42_4] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s general ideol- ogy

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s general ideology

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 122 13.4 22.7 Rather significant 2 154 16.9 28.7 Difficult to say 3 60 6.6 11.2 Had some significance 4 99 10.9 18.4 Had no significance 5 102 11.2 19.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 375 41.1 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q42_5] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s trustworthi- ness

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s trustworthiness

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 72 7.9 13.5 Rather significant 2 187 20.5 35.2

(continued on next page)

96 Q42_7

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Difficult to say 3 77 8.5 14.5 Had some significance 4 105 11.5 19.7 Had no significance 5 91 10.0 17.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 379 41.6 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q42_6] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s policies in local politics during the 1993-1996 electoral period

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s policies in local politics during the 1993-1996 electoral period

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 51 5.6 9.6 Rather significant 2 124 13.6 23.3 Difficult to say 3 102 11.2 19.2 Had some significance 4 131 14.4 24.6 Had no significance 5 124 13.6 23.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 378 41.5 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q42_7] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s particular ob- jectives in local politics

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s particular objectives in local politics

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 49 5.4 9.3

(continued on next page) 97 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Rather significant 2 141 15.5 26.7 Difficult to say 3 125 13.7 23.6 Had some significance 4 116 12.7 21.9 Had no significance 5 98 10.7 18.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 383 42.0 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q42_8] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party had good candi- dates

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party had good candidates

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 86 9.4 16.2 Rather significant 2 172 18.9 32.3 Difficult to say 3 56 6.1 10.5 Had some significance 4 130 14.3 24.4 Had no significance 5 88 9.7 16.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 379 41.6 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q42_9] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party had a good cam- paign

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party had a good campaign

Frequencies

98 Q43_2

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 20 2.2 3.8 Rather significant 2 48 5.3 9.2 Difficult to say 3 122 13.4 23.5 Had some significance 4 84 9.2 16.2 Had no significance 5 246 27.0 47.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 391 42.9 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q43_1] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s activities in local politics during the 1993-1996 electoral period

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s activities in local politics during the 1993-1996 electoral period

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 78 8.6 14.6 Rather significant 2 124 13.6 23.1 Difficult to say 3 57 6.3 10.6 Had some significance 4 93 10.2 17.4 Had no significance 5 184 20.2 34.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 375 41.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q43_2] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s prior ex- perience in local politics or at other level of politics

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s prior experience in local politics or at other level of politics

Frequencies

99 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 92 10.1 17.1 Rather significant 2 165 18.2 30.7 Difficult to say 3 34 3.7 6.3 Had some significance 4 92 10.1 17.1 Had no significance 5 155 17.1 28.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 371 40.8 – 909 100.0 100.0

[Q43_3] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s political convictions

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s political convictions

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 114 12.5 21.1 Rather significant 2 164 18.0 30.4 Difficult to say 3 60 6.6 11.1 Had some significance 4 94 10.3 17.4 Had no significance 5 108 11.9 20.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 371 40.7 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q43_4] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s trustwor- thiness

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s trustworthiness

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 163 17.9 30.8

(continued on next page) 100 Q43_6

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Rather significant 2 230 25.2 43.4 Difficult to say 3 43 4.7 8.1 Had some significance 4 69 7.6 13.0 Had no significance 5 25 2.7 4.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 381 41.8 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q43_5] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s ability to efficiently administer affairs

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s ability to efficiently administer affairs

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 143 15.7 26.7 Rather significant 2 229 25.1 42.8 Difficult to say 3 62 6.8 11.6 Had some significance 4 70 7.7 13.1 Had no significance 5 31 3.4 5.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 376 41.3 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q43_6] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s policy regarding issues related to the European Union

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s policy regarding issues related to the European Union

Frequencies

101 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 67 7.4 12.7 Rather significant 2 95 10.4 18.1 Difficult to say 3 128 14.1 24.3 Had some significance 4 75 8.2 14.3 Had no significance 5 161 17.7 30.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 385 42.3 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q43_7] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s good cam- paign

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s good campaign

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 18 2.0 3.4 Rather significant 2 31 3.4 5.9 Difficult to say 3 104 11.4 19.9 Had some significance 4 75 8.2 14.4 Had no significance 5 294 32.3 56.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 389 42.7 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q43_8] How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s particular objectives in local politics

Question

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s particular objectives in local politics

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Of crucial significance 1 77 8.4 14.6

(continued on next page) 102 Q44_2

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Rather significant 2 144 15.8 27.3 Difficult to say 3 88 9.6 16.7 Had some significance 4 123 13.5 23.3 Had no significance 5 96 10.5 18.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 384 42.1 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q44_1] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal ser- vices and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Day- care services

Question

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Day-care services

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 55 6.0 10.2 To some extent 2 120 13.2 22.3 Difficult to say 3 70 7.7 13.0 Not a lot 4 137 15.0 25.5 Not at all 5 156 17.1 29.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 373 40.9 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q44_2] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal ser- vices and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? School system

Question

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? School system

Frequencies

103 2. Variables

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 67 7.4 12.6 To some extent 2 163 17.9 30.8 Difficult to say 3 88 9.7 16.6 Not a lot 4 106 11.6 20.0 Not at all 5 106 11.6 20.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 380 41.8 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q44_3] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal ser- vices and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Public transport

Question

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Public transport

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 42 4.6 8.0 To some extent 2 144 15.8 27.4 Difficult to say 3 115 12.6 21.9 Not a lot 4 130 14.3 24.8 Not at all 5 94 10.3 17.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 386 42.4 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q44_4] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal ser- vices and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Envi- ronmental protection

Question

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Environmental protection

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 58 6.4 11.0

(continued on next page) 104 Q44_6

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % To some extent 2 180 19.8 34.2 Difficult to say 3 104 11.4 19.7 Not a lot 4 110 12.1 20.9 Not at all 5 75 8.2 14.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 384 42.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q44_5] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal ser- vices and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Li- brary administration

Question

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Library administration

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 37 4.1 7.1 To some extent 2 141 15.5 27.0 Difficult to say 3 116 12.7 22.2 Not a lot 4 140 15.4 26.8 Not at all 5 88 9.7 16.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 389 42.7 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q44_6] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal ser- vices and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Pri- mary health care services

Question

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Primary health care services

Frequencies

105 2. Variables

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 127 13.9 24.0 To some extent 2 207 22.7 39.1 Difficult to say 3 68 7.5 12.9 Not a lot 4 68 7.5 12.9 Not at all 5 59 6.5 11.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 383 42.0 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q44_7] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal ser- vices and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Care of the elderly

Question

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Care of the elderly

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 109 12.0 20.4 To some extent 2 190 20.9 35.5 Difficult to say 3 85 9.3 15.9 Not a lot 4 83 9.1 15.5 Not at all 5 68 7.5 12.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 376 41.3 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q44_8] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal ser- vices and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Cul- tural services

Question

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Cultural services

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 31 3.4 5.9

(continued on next page) 106 Q44_10

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % To some extent 2 134 14.7 25.7 Difficult to say 3 127 13.9 24.3 Not a lot 4 141 15.5 27.0 Not at all 5 89 9.8 17.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 390 42.8 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q44_9] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal ser- vices and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Sup- port for housing construction

Question

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Support for housing construction

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 42 4.6 8.0 To some extent 2 160 17.5 30.4 Difficult to say 3 129 14.1 24.5 Not a lot 4 107 11.7 20.3 Not at all 5 88 9.6 16.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 386 42.3 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q44_10] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal ser- vices and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Sub- sistence subsidies

Question

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Subsistence subsidies

Frequencies

107 2. Variables

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 48 5.3 9.1 To some extent 2 145 15.9 27.5 Difficult to say 3 123 13.5 23.3 Not a lot 4 107 11.7 20.3 Not at all 5 105 11.5 19.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 383 42.0 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q44_11] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal ser- vices and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Em- ployment

Question

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Employment

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 158 17.4 29.4 To some extent 2 202 22.2 37.5 Difficult to say 3 70 7.7 13.0 Not a lot 4 47 5.2 8.7 Not at all 5 61 6.7 11.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 372 40.9 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q44_12] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal ser- vices and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Sports and recreational services

Question

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Sports and recreational services

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 32 3.5 6.1

(continued on next page) 108 Q44_14

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % To some extent 2 121 13.3 23.1 Difficult to say 3 103 11.3 19.7 Not a lot 4 156 17.1 29.8 Not at all 5 112 12.3 21.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 387 42.5 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q44_13] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal ser- vices and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Street maintenance and lights

Question

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Street maintenance and lights

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 43 4.7 8.2 To some extent 2 156 17.1 29.8 Difficult to say 3 103 11.3 19.7 Not a lot 4 140 15.4 26.8 Not at all 5 81 8.9 15.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 389 42.7 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q44_14] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal ser- vices and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Sup- port for businesses and enterprises

Question

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Support for businesses and enterprises

Frequencies

109 2. Variables

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 42 4.6 8.0 To some extent 2 135 14.8 25.7 Difficult to say 3 134 14.7 25.5 Not a lot 4 117 12.8 22.2 Not at all 5 98 10.8 18.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 385 42.3 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q44_15] To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal ser- vices and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Main- tenance of parks and recreational areas

Question

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Maintenance of parks and recreational areas

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 29 3.2 5.5 To some extent 2 139 15.2 26.3 Difficult to say 3 121 13.3 22.9 Not a lot 4 154 16.9 29.1 Not at all 5 86 9.4 16.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 383 42.0 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q45_1] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I had trouble finding a suitable can- didate

Question

To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I had trouble finding a suitable candidate

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 76 8.3 31.5

(continued on next page) 110 Q45_3

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % To some extent 2 46 5.0 19.1 Had no bearing 3 68 7.5 28.2 Cannot say 4 51 5.6 21.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 671 73.6 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q45_2] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I had trouble finding a suitable party

Question

To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I had trouble finding a suitable party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 41 4.5 17.6 To some extent 2 44 4.8 18.9 Had no bearing 3 90 9.9 38.6 Cannot say 4 58 6.4 24.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 677 74.4 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q45_3] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I did not vote due to a trip, sickness, old age, some job-related obstacle etc.

Question

To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I did not vote due to a trip, sickness, old age, some job-related obstacle etc.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 42 4.6 17.9 To some extent 2 11 1.2 4.7 Had no bearing 3 128 14.1 54.7

(continued on next page)

111 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Cannot say 4 53 5.8 22.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 677 74.3 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q45_4] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I simply couldn’t be bothered to vote.

Question

To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I simply couldn’t be bothered to vote.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 40 4.4 14.4 To some extent 2 42 4.6 15.1 Had no bearing 3 85 9.3 30.6 Cannot say 4 111 12.2 39.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 632 69.5 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q45_5] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I failed to see how voting would benefit me personally.

Question

To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I failed to see how voting would benefit me personally.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 68 7.5 29.4 To some extent 2 55 6.0 23.8 Had no bearing 3 54 5.9 23.4

(continued on next page)

112 Q45_7

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Cannot say 4 54 5.9 23.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 680 74.6 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q45_6] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I thought that one vote would not have had any bearing on the outcome.

Question

To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I thought that one vote would not have had any bearing on the outcome.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 28 3.1 12.0 To some extent 2 51 5.6 21.9 Had no bearing 3 91 10.0 39.1 Cannot say 4 63 6.9 27.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 679 74.5 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q45_7] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I have a distrust of politicians and politics in general

Question

To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I have a distrust of politicians and politics in general

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 79 8.7 34.3 To some extent 2 59 6.5 25.7 Had no bearing 3 37 4.1 16.1

(continued on next page)

113 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Cannot say 4 55 6.0 23.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 681 74.8 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q45_8] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I wanted to protest against politics and politicians

Question

To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I wanted to protest against politics and politicians

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 59 6.5 25.5 To some extent 2 39 4.3 16.9 Had no bearing 3 71 7.8 30.7 Cannot say 4 62 6.8 26.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 681 74.7 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q45_9] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? Politics do not interest me and I think that voting is not important

Question

To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? Politics do not interest me and I think that voting is not important

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 56 6.1 24.5 To some extent 2 49 5.4 21.4 Had no bearing 3 72 7.9 31.4

(continued on next page)

114 Q46A

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Cannot say 4 52 5.7 22.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 682 74.9 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q45_10] To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I could not find a suitable candidate in the European Parliament elections

Question

To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I could not find a suitable candidate in the European Parliament elections

Frequencies

label value n % v. % To great extent 1 58 6.4 24.9 To some extent 2 38 4.2 16.3 Had no bearing 3 78 8.6 33.5 Cannot say 4 59 6.5 25.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 679 74.5 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q46A] Leaving elections and voting aside, do you feel that you presently support a particular political party?

Question

Leaving elections and voting aside, do you feel that you presently support a particular political party?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 399 43.8 51.0 No 2 287 31.5 36.7 Cannot say 3 96 10.5 12.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 129 14.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

115 2. Variables

[Q46B] Which party do you support?

Question

Which party do you support?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Social Democratic Party of Finland - SDP 1 114 12.5 26.8 Center Party of Finland - KESK 2 87 9.6 20.4 National Coalition Party - KOK 3 65 7.1 15.3 Left Alliance - VAS 4 27 3.0 6.3 Swedish People’s Party in Finland - RKP 5 6 0.7 1.4 Green League - VIHR 6 30 3.3 7.0 Christian League of Finland - SKL 7 18 2.0 4.2 Progressive Finnish Party - NUOR 8 8 0.9 1.9 True Finns - PS 9 1 0.1 0.2 Some other party 10 6 0.7 1.4 Will not say 11 64 7.0 15.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 484 53.2 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q47_1] Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the following channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? News and cur- rent affairs in mass media

Question

Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the fol- lowing channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? News and current affairs in mass media

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 199 21.8 27.9 To some extent 2 305 33.5 42.8 Difficult to say 3 103 11.3 14.5 Not really 4 79 8.7 11.1 No 5 26 2.9 3.7

(continued on next page)

116 Q47_3

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % System missing (SYSMIS) . 199 21.8 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q47_2] Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the following channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? Party adverts

Question

Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the fol- lowing channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? Party adverts

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 173 19.0 24.7 To some extent 2 252 27.6 35.9 Difficult to say 3 159 17.4 22.7 Not really 4 91 10.0 13.0 No 5 26 2.9 3.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 211 23.1 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q47_3] Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the following channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? Candidate ad- verts

Question

Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the fol- lowing channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? Candidate adverts

Frequencies

(continued on next page)

117 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. %

label value n % v. % Yes 1 179 19.7 25.8 To some extent 2 248 27.3 35.7 Difficult to say 3 145 15.9 20.9 Not really 4 98 10.8 14.1 No 5 24 2.6 3.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 216 23.7 – 910 100.0 100.0

[Q47_4] Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the following channels offer you enough information about the objectives...? My own pre-existing knowledge of the parties

Question

Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the fol- lowing channels offer you enough information about the objectives...? My own pre-existing knowledge of the parties

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 192 21.1 26.7 To some extent 2 312 34.2 43.5 Difficult to say 3 139 15.3 19.4 Not really 4 57 6.3 7.9 No 5 18 2.0 2.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 193 21.2 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q47_5] Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the following channels offer you enough information about the objectives...? My own pre-existing knowledge of the candidates

Question

Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the fol- lowing channels offer you enough information about the objectives...? My own pre-existing knowledge of the candidates

118 Q49

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 192 21.1 26.9 To some extent 2 299 32.8 41.8 Difficult to say 3 136 14.9 19.0 Not really 4 60 6.6 8.4 No 5 28 3.1 3.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 196 21.5 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q48] Respondent’s economic activity and occupational group

Question

Respondent’s economic activity and occupational group

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Higher managerial occupation (employee) 1 14 1.5 1.8 Lower managerial or professional employee 2 48 5.3 6.3 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, ad- 3 109 12.0 14.2 min.) Worker 4 177 19.4 23.1 Entrepreneur or self-employed 5 43 4.7 5.6 Farmer 6 17 1.9 2.2 Student 7 60 6.6 7.8 Pensioner 8 186 20.4 24.3 Housewife or house husband 9 29 3.2 3.8 Unemployed 10 72 7.9 9.4 Other 11 10 1.1 1.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 146 16.0 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q49] Respondent’s vocational education

Question

Respondent’s vocational education

Frequencies

119 2. Variables

label value n % v. % No vocational education 1 203 22.3 26.9 Vocational course, other short vocational education 2 146 16.0 19.3 Vocational school or equivalent (upper secondary 3 165 18.1 21.9 level) College level education 4 162 17.8 21.5 University education 5 79 8.7 10.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 157 17.2 – 912 100.0 100.0

[Q50] Which of the following alternatives describes your employer? Do you work at the...

Question

Which of the following alternatives describes your employer? Do you work at the...

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Private sector 1 211 23.2 28.9 Public sector (employed by the state or a parish) 2 66 7.2 9.0 Public sector (employed by logal government) 3 74 8.1 10.1 Not in the labour market at present 4 379 41.6 51.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 181 19.9 – 911 100.0 100.0

[Q51] Weighting coefficient (age, sex)

Question

Weighting coefficient (age, sex)

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 914 minimum 0.77 maximum 1.57 mean 1.07 standard deviation 0.29

120 Q56

[Q53] Local tax rate in 1996 de facto (e.g. 1600=16.00%, 1625=16.25%)

Question

Local tax rate in 1996 de facto (e.g. 1600=16.00%, 1625=16.25%)

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 913 minimum 1600.00 maximum 1950.00 mean 1759.78 standard deviation 66.43

[Q54] Constituency

Question

Constituency

Frequencies

label value n % v. % City of Helsinki 1 94 10.3 10.3 Uusimaa 2 139 15.2 15.2 Turku South 3 72 7.9 7.9 Turku North 4 54 5.9 5.9 Häme South 6 81 8.9 8.9 Häme North 7 32 3.5 3.5 Kymi 8 85 9.3 9.3 Mikkeli 9 50 5.5 5.5 North Karelia 10 27 3.0 3.0 Kuopio 11 51 5.6 5.6 Middle Finland 12 40 4.4 4.4 Vaasa 13 68 7.4 7.4 Oulu 14 80 8.8 8.8 Lapland 15 41 4.5 4.5 914 100.0 100.0

[Q56] Largest party in municipality de facto

Question

Largest party in municipality de facto

121 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % KESK 1 343 37.5 37.5 SDP 2 294 32.2 32.2 KOK 3 250 27.4 27.4 VAS 4 1 0.1 0.1 RKP 5 26 2.8 2.8 914 100.0 100.0

[Q57] Second largest party in municipality de facto

Question

Second largest party in municipality de facto

Frequencies

label value n % v. % KESK 1 65 7.1 7.1 SDP 2 413 45.2 45.2 KOK 3 351 38.4 38.4 VAS 4 54 5.9 5.9 RKP 5 31 3.4 3.4 914 100.0 100.0

[Q58] Weighting coefficient

Question

Weighting coefficient

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 914 minimum 4231.00 maximum 27511.00 mean 10499.86 standard deviation 3725.69

122 Chapter 3

Indexes

3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence

FSD study number [FSD_NO] ...... 5 FSD edition number [FSD_VR] ...... 5 FSD case id [FSD_ID] ...... 6 Sex[Q1] ...... 6 How old are you? [Q2] ...... 6 What is your basic education? [Q3] ...... 7 What is your vocational education? [Q4] ...... 7 To which of the following income brackets does your household belong when the pre-tax in- comes of all family members are added up? (Annual or monthly income, FIM) [Q5] ...... 7 Including yourself, how many over 16-year-olds live in your household? [Q6_1] ...... 8 How many children under 16 years of age live in your household? [Q6_2] ...... 8 How many children under 7 years of age live in your household? [Q6_3] ...... 9 Total number of household members [Q6_4] ...... 9 What is your marital status? [Q7] ...... 9 To which occupational group does the head of your household (person with the highest income) belong? [Q8_1] ...... 10 If the head of the household is a retiree, what was his/her former profession? [Q8_2] ...... 10 To which occupational group do you belong? (If the respondent is the head of the household) [Q8_3] ...... 11 Do you currently have a full-time job, part-time job or are you unemployed, laid off or for some other reason outside working life? [Q9] ...... 11 Type of municipality [Q10] ...... 12 Province of residence [Q12] ...... 12 In which part of Finland do you live? [Q13] ...... 13

123 3. Indexes

If parliamentary elections were held now, for which party or group would you vote? [Q14_1] 13 If parliamentary elections were held now, for which party or group would you vote secondarily? [Q14_2] ...... 14 For which party or group did you vote in the municipal elections in October? [Q14_3] . . . . . 15 The present Municipal Act has introduced referenda to municipal decision-making. According to the law, is the result of such a referendum binding or merely consultative? [Q15] ...... 16 On the basis of the results of the recent municipal elections, which are the two largest political parties or groups in your home municipality’s local/city council? Largest [Q16_1] ...... 16 On the basis of the results of the recent municipal elections, which are the two largest political parties or groups in your home municipality’s local/city council? Second largest [Q16_2] . . 17 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: SDP [Q17_1] ...... 17 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: KESK [Q17_2] ...... 18 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: KOK [Q17_3] ...... 18 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: VAS [Q17_4] ...... 18 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: RKP [Q17_5] ...... 19 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: VIHR [Q17_6] ...... 19 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: SKL [Q17_7] ...... 19 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: NUOR [Q17_8] ...... 20 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: PS [Q17_9] ...... 20 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: Some other party [Q17_10] .20 Do you know what is the current tax rate percentage in your home municipality? [Q18_1] . 21 Estimated tax rate percentage in home municipality (e.g. 1300=13.00%, 1675=16.75%) [Q18_2] 21 How interested are you in local politics? [Q19A] ...... 21 How interested are you in politics in general? [Q19B] ...... 22 Over the past two years, how often have you discussed politics with your family members, colleagues, or other acquaintances? [Q20_1] ...... 22 Over the past two years, how often have you discussed politics with a party member? [Q20_2] 23 Over the past two years, how often have you tried to persuade people to have more positive attitudes towards politics? [Q20_3] ...... 23 Over the past two years, how often have you written to newspapers’ Letters to the Editor section about some political issue? [Q20_4] ...... 24 Over the past two years, how often have you personally contacted civil servants to discuss political issues you consider important? [Q20_5] ...... 24 Over the past two years, how often have you personally contacted elected officials to discuss political issues you consider important? [Q20_6] ...... 24

124 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

Over the past two years, how often have you signed appeals or petitions [Q20_7] ...... 25 Are you presently a member of a political party, or have you ever been one? [Q21] ...... 25 Have you ever been asked to join a political party? [Q22A] ...... 26 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: SDP [Q22B_1] ...... 26 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: KESK [Q22B_2] ...... 26 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: KOK [Q22B_3] ...... 27 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: VAS [Q22B_4] ...... 27 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: RKP [Q22B_5] ...... 27 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: VIHR [Q22B_6] ...... 28 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: SKL [Q22B_7] ...... 28 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: NUOR [Q22B_8] ...... 28 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: PS [Q22B_9] ...... 29 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: LKP [Q22B_10] ...... 29 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: Some other [Q22B_11] ...... 29 In which decade were you asked to join SDP [Q22C_1] ...... 30 In which decade were you asked to join Center Party of Finland [Q22C_2] ...... 30 In which decade were you asked to join National Coalition Party [Q22C_3] ...... 30 In which decade were you asked to join Left Alliance [Q22C_4] ...... 31 In which decade were you asked to join RKP [Q22C_5] ...... 31 In which decade were you asked to join Green League [Q22C_6] ...... 31 In which decade were you asked to join SKL [Q22C_7] ...... 32 In which decade were you asked to join Progressive Finnish Party [Q22C_8] ...... 32 In which decade were you asked to join SMP [Q22C_9] ...... 32 In which decade were you asked to join LKP [Q22C_10] ...... 33 In which decade were you asked to join some other party [Q22C_11] ...... 33 If your would now be asked to join a party you find the most agreeable, how likely is it that you would join it or refuse to join it? [Q23] ...... 33 If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Sending a personal note with a person who knows the politician/public servant [Q24_1] ...... 34 If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact in an informal, unscheduled situation (on the street etc.) [Q24_2] ...... 34 If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? In person at an appointed time [Q24_3] . . . 35 If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how

125 3. Indexes congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact by telephone [Q24_4] . . . .35 If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact in writing (letter, fax, e-mail) [Q24_5] ...... 36 If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Voicing an opinion in a public gathering with politicians or public servants present [Q24_6] ...... 36 If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Voicing an opinion in a newspaper or through some other media [Q24_7] ...... 37 How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? The councilors themselves. [Q25_1] ...... 37 How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? Leading civil servants of the municipality. [Q25_2] ...... 38 How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? The main media. [Q25_3] ...... 38 How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilor’s in your municipal- ity? You yourself. [Q25_4] ...... 39 What do you think about the following statements? Everybody who wants to can have a say in the affairs of their home municipality. [Q26_1] ...... 39 What do you think about the following statements? I think that I understand the important issues of municipal politics rather well. [Q26_2] ...... 40 What do you think about the following statements? I have no say in what the municipal board and council decides. [Q26_3] ...... 40 What do you think about the following statements? There is at least one party in local politics which acts in my best interest. [Q26_4] ...... 41 What do you think about the following statements? In municipal politics, parties are only inter- ested in people’s votes, not in their opinions. [Q26_5] ...... 41 What do you think about the following statements? In view of political actions carried out in my municipality, the election results do not have much significance nowadays. [Q26_6] . . . 42 What do you think about the following statements? In my home municipality, public servants do not stand in the way of the representative democracy implemented through the local council decision-making. [Q26_7] ...... 42 What do you think about the following statements? Usually, the local government councillors lose touch with the voters soon after they have been elected. [Q26_8] ...... 43 What do you think about the following statements? Generally speaking, one can trust the local politicians in my home municipality. [Q26_9] ...... 43 What do you think about the following statements? Political decision-making power is concen- trated in far too few hands in my home municipality. [Q26_10] ...... 44 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Everybody who wants to can have a say in the affairs of our society. [Q26_11] .44

126 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? I think that I understand important political issues rather well. [Q26_12] ...... 45 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? I have no say in what the Finnish Government and Parliament decide. [Q26_13] 45 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? There is at least one party in politics which acts in my best interest. [Q26_14] . 46 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the fol- lowing statements? Political parties are only interested in people’s votes, not in their opinions. [Q26_15] ...... 46 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? In view of political actions carried out in our country, the election results do not have much significance nowadays. [Q26_16] ...... 47 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the follow- ing statements? In Finland, civil/public servants do not stand in the way of the representative democracy implemented through elections. [Q26_17] ...... 47 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Usually, members of the Parliament lose touch with the voters soon after they have been elected. [Q26_18] ...... 48 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Generally speaking, one can trust the politicians. [Q26_19] ...... 48 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? In our society, political decision-making power is concentrated in far too few hands. [Q26_20] ...... 49 As far as the circumstances of municipalities and their development are concerned, to what extent would you say the state authorities influence the local decision-making? [Q27] . . . . . 49 In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality’s enfranchised population? Equal representation of the different sexes. [Q28_1] ...... 50 In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the lo- cal council correlates with the municipality’s enfranchised population? Equal representation of various age groups. [Q28_2] ...... 50 In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the lo- cal council correlates with the municipality’s enfranchised population? Equal representation of various occupational groups. [Q28_3] ...... 51 In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the lo- cal council correlates with the municipality’s enfranchised population? Equal representation of people with different degrees of education. [Q28_4] ...... 51 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Day-care services. [Q29_1] ...... 52 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): School system. [Q29_2]

127 3. Indexes

52 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Public transport. [Q29_3] 53 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Environmental protec- tion. [Q29_4] ...... 53 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Library administration. [Q29_5] ...... 54 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Primary health care. [Q29_6] ...... 54 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Care of the elderly. [Q29_7] ...... 55 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Cultural services. [Q29_8] ...... 55 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Support for housing construction. [Q29_9] ...... 55 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Subsistence subsidies. [Q29_10] ...... 56 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Employment. [Q29_11] 56 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Sports and recreational services. [Q29_12] ...... 57 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Street maintenance and lights. [Q29_13] ...... 57 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Support for businesses and enterprises. [Q29_14] ...... 58 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Maintenance of parks and recreational areas. [Q29_15] ...... 58 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Day-care services. [Q30_1] ...... 59

128 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: School system. [Q30_2] ...... 59 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Public transport. [Q30_3] ...... 60 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Environmental protection. [Q30_4] ...... 60 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Library administration. [Q30_5] ...... 60 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Primary health care services [Q30_6] ...... 61 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Care of the elderly. [Q30_7] ...... 61 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Cultural services. [Q30_8] ...... 62 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Support for housing construction. [Q30_9] ...... 62 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Subsistence subsidies. [Q30_10] ...... 62 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Employment. [Q30_11] ...... 63 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Sports and recreational services. [Q30_12] ...... 63 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Street maintenance and lights. [Q30_13] ...... 64 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Support for businesses and enterprises. [Q30_14] ...... 64 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Maintenance of parks and recreational areas. [Q30_15] ...... 64 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Developing regional governance, for in- stance sub-municipal authority. [Q31_1] ...... 65 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Developing the right to make motions. [Q31_2] ...... 65 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Municipal referendums. [Q31_3] ...... 66 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Municipal opinion polls. [Q31_4] . . . . . 66 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Public hearings. [Q31_5] ...... 67

129 3. Indexes

How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Other discussions and briefings. [Q31_6] 67 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Strengthening the power of elected officials at the cost of civil servants. [Q31_7] ...... 68 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Devolving the election of the municipal/city manager directly to the residents. [Q31_8] ...... 68 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Increasing fixed-term contracts for leading municipal officials. [Q31_9] ...... 69 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Developing the operations of local organi- sations of political parties. [Q31_10] ...... 69 How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Reducing the number of municipalities by involuntary consol- idations. [Q32_1] ...... 70 How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Increasing voluntary co-operation between municipalities. [Q32_2] 70 How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Promoting the idea of profit responsibility. [Q32_3] ...... 71 How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Privatization of municipal services. [Q32_4] ...... 71 How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Increasing the power of experts and public servants at the cost of elected officials. [Q32_5] ...... 72 How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Increasing fixed-term contracts for leading municipal officials. [Q32_6] ...... 72 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Municipal/city council. [Q33_1] ...... 73 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Municipal/city board. [Q33_2] ...... 73 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Committees and executive boards. [Q33_3] ...... 74 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Municipal manager/city mayor. [Q33_4] ...... 74 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Municipal public servants in general. [Q33_5] ...... 75 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Banks. [Q33_6] ...... 75

130 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Industrial and other enterprises. [Q33_7] ...... 76 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Local state authorities. [Q33_8] ...... 76 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Parties’ local organizations. [Q33_9] ...... 77 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Trade unions. [Q33_10] ...... 77 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Employers’ associations. [Q33_11] ...... 78 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Organizations of the agricultural producers. [Q33_12] ...... 78 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Residents’ associations/village committees. [Q33_13] ...... 79 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Regional/local newspapers. [Q33_14] ...... 79 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Residents in general. [Q33_15] ...... 80 What is your impression of the current Government, i.e. the Government of Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen? Are you satisfied with its actions? [Q34] ...... 80 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Media in general. [Q35A_1] ...... 81 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Region’s largest newspaper. [Q35A_2] 81 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate dur- ing the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Other newspapers in the region/municipality. [Q35A_3] ...... 81 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Free newspapers. [Q35A_4] ...... 82 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National and regional radio broadcasts (YLE) [Q35A_5] ...... 82 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Local radio stations. [Q35A_6] ...... 83 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the recent municipal election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National TV-broadcasts. [Q35A_7] ...... 83 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Cable/local television. [Q35A_8] . . . . 84 In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Media in general. [Q35B_1] ...... 84

131 3. Indexes

In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Region’s largest newspaper. [Q35B_2] 85 In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Other newspapers in the region/municipality. [Q35B_3] ...... 85 In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Free newspapers. [Q35B_4] ...... 85 In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National and regional radio broadcasts of the Finnish Broadcasting Company. [Q35B_5] ...... 86 In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Local radio stations. [Q35B_6] ...... 86 In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National TV- broadcasts. [Q35B_7] . . 87 In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Cable/local television. [Q35B_8] . . . . .87 A number of the enfranchised did not vote in the municipal elections this fall. Did you or did you not vote? [Q36] ...... 88 The most important reason for voting [Q37_1] ...... 88 The second most important reason for voting [Q37_2] ...... 88 Is the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections of the same sex as you? [Q38_1] . .89 Do you and the candidate you voted for belong to the same age group? [Q38_2] ...... 89 Does the candidate you voted for represent the same occupational group as you do [Q38_3] 90 To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candidate based on the fact that he/she is of the same sex as you are? [Q39_1] ...... 90 To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candidate based on the fact that you and he/she belong to the same age group [Q39_2] ...... 90 To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candidate based on the fact that you and he/she belong to the same occupational group [Q39_3] ...... 91 How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I know the candidate personally [Q40_1] ...... 91 How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? A friend, ac- quaintance or relative of mine knows the candidate in person [Q40_2] ...... 92 How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I had followed the candidate’s activities through media even before his/her advertising campaign [Q40_3] .92 How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I voted for the candidate on the basis of his/her advertising campaign [Q40_4] ...... 93 How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I chose the candidate without knowing him/her very well. [Q40_5] ...... 93

132 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? Cannot say [Q40_6] ...... 93 If you consider your voting decision in the municipal elections, which was more decisive: the party or the candidate? [Q41] ...... 94 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s pursuit of policies at the state level during the ongoing electoral period [Q42_1] ...... 94 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party has a good chairperson. [Q42_2] ...... 95 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s policy regarding issues related to the European Union [Q42_3] 95 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s general ideology [Q42_4] ...... 96 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s trustworthiness [Q42_5] ...... 96 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s policies in local politics during the 1993-1996 electoral period [Q42_6] ...... 97 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s particular objectives in local politics [Q42_7] ...... 97 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party had good candidates [Q42_8] ...... 98 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party had a good campaign [Q42_9] ...... 98 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s activities in local politics during the 1993-1996 electoral period [Q43_1] ...... 99 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s prior experience in local politics or at other level of politics [Q43_2] ...... 99 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s political convictions [Q43_3] ...... 100 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s trustworthiness [Q43_4] ...... 100 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s ability to efficiently administer affairs [Q43_5] . . . . . 101 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s policy regarding issues related to the European Union [Q43_6] ...... 101 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in

133 3. Indexes the municipal elections? Candidate’s good campaign [Q43_7] ...... 102 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s particular objectives in local politics [Q43_8] ...... 102 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Day-care services [Q44_1] ...... 103 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? School system [Q44_2] ...... 103 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Public transport [Q44_3] ...... 104 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Environmental protection [Q44_4] ...... 104 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Library administration [Q44_5] ...... 105 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Primary health care services [Q44_6] ...... 105 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Care of the elderly [Q44_7] ...... 106 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Cultural services [Q44_8] ...... 106 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Support for housing construction [Q44_9] ...... 107 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Subsistence subsidies [Q44_10] ...... 107 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Employment [Q44_11] ...... 108 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Sports and recreational services [Q44_12] ...... 108 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Street maintenance and lights [Q44_13] ...... 109 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Support for businesses and enterprises [Q44_14] . . . 109 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Maintenance of parks and recreational areas [Q44_15] 110 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I had trouble finding a suitable candidate [Q45_1] ...... 110 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I had trouble finding a suitable party [Q45_2] ...... 111 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I did not vote due to a trip, sickness, old age, some job-related obstacle etc. [Q45_3]

134 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

111 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I simply couldn’t be bothered to vote. [Q45_4] ...... 112 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I failed to see how voting would benefit me personally. [Q45_5] ...... 112 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I thought that one vote would not have had any bearing on the outcome. [Q45_6] 113 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I have a distrust of politicians and politics in general [Q45_7] ...... 113 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I wanted to protest against politics and politicians [Q45_8] ...... 114 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? Politics do not interest me and I think that voting is not important [Q45_9] . . . . 114 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I could not find a suitable candidate in the European Parliament elections [Q45_10] 115 Leaving elections and voting aside, do you feel that you presently support a particular political party? [Q46A] ...... 115 Which party do you support? [Q46B] ...... 116 Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the fol- lowing channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? News and current affairs in mass media [Q47_1] ...... 116 Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the fol- lowing channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? Party adverts [Q47_2] ...... 117 Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the fol- lowing channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? Candidate adverts [Q47_3] ...... 117 Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the fol- lowing channels offer you enough information about the objectives...? My own pre-existing knowledge of the parties [Q47_4] ...... 118 Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the fol- lowing channels offer you enough information about the objectives...? My own pre-existing knowledge of the candidates [Q47_5] ...... 118 Respondent’s economic activity and occupational group [Q48] ...... 119 Respondent’s vocational education [Q49] ...... 119 Which of the following alternatives describes your employer? Do you work at the... [Q50] 120 Weighting coefficient (age, sex) [Q51] ...... 120 Local tax rate in 1996 de facto (e.g. 1600=16.00%, 1625=16.25%) [Q53] ...... 121 Constituency [Q54] ...... 121

135 3. Indexes

Largest party in municipality de facto [Q56] ...... 121 Second largest party in municipality de facto [Q57] ...... 122 Weighting coefficient [Q58] ...... 122

136 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

3.2 Variables in alphabetical order

A number of the enfranchised did not vote in the municipal elections this fall. Did you or did you not vote? ...... 88 Are you presently a member of a political party, or have you ever been one? ...... 25 As far as the circumstances of municipalities and their development are concerned, to what extent would you say the state authorities influence the local decision-making? ...... 49 Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the fol- lowing channels offer you enough information about the objectives...? My own pre-existing knowledge of the candidates ...... 118 Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the fol- lowing channels offer you enough information about the objectives...? My own pre-existing knowledge of the parties ...... 118 Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the fol- lowing channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? Candidate adverts ...... 117 Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the fol- lowing channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? News and current affairs in mass media ...... 116 Assess the election campaigns and your pre-existing knowledge. In your opinion, did the fol- lowing channels offer you enough information about the objectives of the various parties and candidates? Party adverts ...... 117 Constituency ...... 121 Do you and the candidate you voted for belong to the same age group? ...... 89 Do you currently have a full-time job, part-time job or are you unemployed, laid off or for some other reason outside working life? ...... 11 Do you know what is the current tax rate percentage in your home municipality? ...... 21 Does the candidate you voted for represent the same occupational group as you do ...... 90 Estimated tax rate percentage in home municipality (e.g. 1300=13.00%, 1675=16.75%) . . . 21 For which party or group did you vote in the municipal elections in October? ...... 15 FSDcaseid ...... 6 FSD edition number ...... 5 FSD study number ...... 5 Have you ever been asked to join a political party? ...... 26 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Everybody who wants to can have a say in the affairs of our society...... 44 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Generally speaking, one can trust the politicians...... 48 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following

137 3. Indexes statements? I have no say in what the Finnish Government and Parliament decide...... 45 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? I think that I understand important political issues rather well...... 45 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the follow- ing statements? In Finland, civil/public servants do not stand in the way of the representative democracy implemented through elections...... 47 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? In our society, political decision-making power is concentrated in far too few hands. 49 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? In view of political actions carried out in our country, the election results do not have much significance nowadays...... 47 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Political parties are only interested in people’s votes, not in their opinions. . . . . 46 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? There is at least one party in politics which acts in my best interest...... 46 How about politics in general, not just local politics? What do you then think about the following statements? Usually, members of the Parliament lose touch with the voters soon after they have been elected...... 48 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Developing regional governance, for in- stance sub-municipal authority...... 65 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Developing the operations of local organi- sations of political parties...... 69 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Developing the right to make motions. . 65 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Devolving the election of the municipal/city manager directly to the residents...... 68 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Increasing fixed-term contracts for leading municipal officials...... 69 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Municipal opinion polls...... 66 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Municipal referendums...... 66 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Other discussions and briefings...... 67 How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Public hearings...... 67

138 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

How good are the following means of developing municipal democracy? Estimate each in view of the present situation in your home municipality: Strengthening the power of elected officials at the cost of civil servants...... 68 How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Increasing fixed-term contracts for leading municipal officials. 72 How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Increasing the power of experts and public servants at the cost of elected officials...... 72 How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Increasing voluntary co-operation between municipalities. 70 How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Privatization of municipal services...... 71 How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Promoting the idea of profit responsibility...... 71 How good do you find the following means in developing the efficiency of municipal decision- making and service production? Reducing the number of municipalities by involuntary consol- idations...... 70 How interested are you in local politics? ...... 21 How interested are you in politics in general? ...... 22 How many children under 16 years of age live in your household? ...... 8 How many children under 7 years of age live in your household? ...... 9 How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? Leading civil servants of the municipality...... 38 How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? The councilors themselves...... 37 How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilors in your municipality? The main media...... 38 How much credit do the following give to the work of city/local councilor’s in your municipal- ity? You yourself...... 39 How old are you? ...... 6 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s ability to efficiently administer affairs ...... 101 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s activities in local politics during the 1993-1996 electoral period ...... 99 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s good campaign ...... 102 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s particular objectives in local politics ...... 102

139 3. Indexes

How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s policy regarding issues related to the European Union 101 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s political convictions ...... 100 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s prior experience in local politics or at other level of politics ...... 99 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Candidate’s trustworthiness ...... 100 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party had a good campaign ...... 98 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party had good candidates ...... 98 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party has a good chairperson...... 95 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s general ideology ...... 96 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s particular objectives in local politics ...... 97 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s policies in local politics during the 1993-1996 electoral period 97 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s policy regarding issues related to the European Union . . . . .95 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s pursuit of policies at the state level during the ongoing electoral period ...... 94 How significant were the following reasons as you decided which party you would vote for in the municipal elections? Party’s trustworthiness ...... 96 How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? A friend, ac- quaintance or relative of mine knows the candidate in person ...... 92 How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? Cannot say .93 How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I chose the candidate without knowing him/her very well...... 93 How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I had followed the candidate’s activities through media even before his/her advertising campaign ...... 92 How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I know the candidate personally ...... 91 How well do you know the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections? I voted for the candidate on the basis of his/her advertising campaign ...... 93

140 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

If parliamentary elections were held now, for which party or group would you vote? ...... 13 If parliamentary elections were held now, for which party or group would you vote secondarily? 14 If the head of the household is a retiree, what was his/her former profession? ...... 10 If you consider your voting decision in the municipal elections, which was more decisive: the party or the candidate? ...... 94 If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? In person at an appointed time ...... 35 If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact by telephone ...... 35 If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact in an informal, unscheduled situation (on the street etc.) ...... 34 If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Personal contact in writing (letter, fax, e-mail) 36 If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Sending a personal note with a person who knows the politician/public servant ...... 34 If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Voicing an opinion in a newspaper or through some other media ...... 37 If you were to contact a local politician or public servant on an issue important to you, how congenial would you find the following means? Voicing an opinion in a public gathering with politicians or public servants present ...... 36 If your would now be asked to join a party you find the most agreeable, how likely is it that you would join it or refuse to join it? ...... 33 In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the lo- cal council correlates with the municipality’s enfranchised population? Equal representation of people with different degrees of education...... 51 In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the local council correlates with the municipality’s enfranchised population? Equal representation of the different sexes...... 50 In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the lo- cal council correlates with the municipality’s enfranchised population? Equal representation of various age groups...... 50 In view of the following factors, how important is it to you that the composition of the lo- cal council correlates with the municipality’s enfranchised population? Equal representation of various occupational groups...... 51 In which decade were you asked to join Center Party of Finland ...... 30 In which decade were you asked to join Green League ...... 31

141 3. Indexes

In which decade were you asked to join Left Alliance ...... 31 In which decade were you asked to join LKP ...... 33 In which decade were you asked to join National Coalition Party ...... 30 In which decade were you asked to join Progressive Finnish Party ...... 32 In which decade were you asked to join RKP ...... 31 In which decade were you asked to join SDP ...... 30 In which decade were you asked to join SKL ...... 32 In which decade were you asked to join SMP ...... 32 In which decade were you asked to join some other party ...... 33 In which part of Finland do you live? ...... 13 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Banks...... 75 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Committees and executive boards...... 74 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Employers’ associations...... 78 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Industrial and other enterprises...... 76 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Local state authorities...... 76 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Municipal manager/city mayor...... 74 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Municipal public servants in general...... 75 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Municipal/city board...... 73 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Municipal/city council...... 73 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Organizations of the agricultural producers...... 78 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Parties’ local organizations...... 77 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Regional/local newspapers...... 79 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Residents’ associations/village committees...... 79 In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Residents in general...... 80

142 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

In your opinion, how much actual influence do the following bodies have in your home munic- ipality? Trade unions...... 77 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Cable/local television...... 84 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Free newspapers...... 82 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Local radio stations...... 83 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Media in general...... 81 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National and regional radio broadcasts (YLE) ...... 82 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate dur- ing the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Other newspapers in the region/municipality. 81 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Region’s largest newspaper...... 81 In your opinion, how much information about municipal matters did the media disseminate during the recent municipal election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National TV-broadcasts. 83 In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Cable/local television...... 87 In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Free newspapers...... 85 In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Local radio stations...... 86 In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Media in general...... 84 In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National and regional radio broadcasts of the Finnish Broadcasting Company...... 86 In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? National TV- broadcasts...... 87 In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Other newspapers in the region/municipality. 85 In your opinion, how neutrally did the media disseminate information about municipal matters during the election campaign (school grading 4-10)? Region’s largest newspaper...... 85 Including yourself, how many over 16-year-olds live in your household? ...... 8 Is the candidate you voted for in the municipal elections of the same sex as you? ...... 89

143 3. Indexes

Largest party in municipality de facto ...... 121 Leaving elections and voting aside, do you feel that you presently support a particular political party? ...... 115 Local tax rate in 1996 de facto (e.g. 1600=16.00%, 1625=16.25%) ...... 121 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Care of the elderly...... 61 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Cultural services...... 62 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Day-care services...... 59 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Employment...... 63 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Environmental protection...... 60 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Library administration...... 60 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Maintenance of parks and recreational areas...... 64 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Primary health care services ...... 61 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Public transport...... 60 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: School system...... 59 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Sports and recreational services...... 63 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Street maintenance and lights...... 64 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Subsistence subsidies...... 62 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Support for businesses and enterprises...... 64 Not more than five obligations and services which ought to be further developed in your home municipality: Support for housing construction...... 62 On the basis of the results of the recent municipal elections, which are the two largest political parties or groups in your home municipality’s local/city council? Largest ...... 16 On the basis of the results of the recent municipal elections, which are the two largest political parties or groups in your home municipality’s local/city council? Second largest ...... 17 Over the past two years, how often have you discussed politics with a party member? . . . . . 23

144 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

Over the past two years, how often have you discussed politics with your family members, colleagues, or other acquaintances? ...... 22 Over the past two years, how often have you personally contacted civil servants to discuss political issues you consider important? ...... 24 Over the past two years, how often have you personally contacted elected officials to discuss political issues you consider important? ...... 24 Over the past two years, how often have you signed appeals or petitions ...... 25 Over the past two years, how often have you tried to persuade people to have more positive attitudes towards politics? ...... 23 Over the past two years, how often have you written to newspapers’ Letters to the Editor section about some political issue? ...... 24 Province of residence ...... 12 Respondent’s economic activity and occupational group ...... 119 Respondent’s vocational education ...... 119 Second largest party in municipality de facto ...... 122 Sex ...... 6 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Care of the elderly. . 55 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Cultural services. . . 55 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Day-care services. . .52 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Employment...... 56 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Environmental protec- tion...... 53 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Library administration. 54 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Maintenance of parks and recreational areas...... 58 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Primary health care. 54 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Public transport. . . . 53 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): School system...... 52

145 3. Indexes

The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Sports and recreational services...... 57 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Street maintenance and lights...... 57 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Subsistence subsidies. 56 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Support for businesses and enterprises...... 58 The following list includes a number of municipal obligations and services. Give an estimate of how well they are handled in your municipality (school grading 4-10): Support for housing construction...... 55 The most important reason for voting ...... 88 The present Municipal Act has introduced referenda to municipal decision-making. According to the law, is the result of such a referendum binding or merely consultative? ...... 16 The second most important reason for voting ...... 88 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I could not find a suitable candidate in the European Parliament elections ...... 115 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I did not vote due to a trip, sickness, old age, some job-related obstacle etc. . . . . 111 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I failed to see how voting would benefit me personally...... 112 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I had trouble finding a suitable candidate ...... 110 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I had trouble finding a suitable party ...... 111 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I have a distrust of politicians and politics in general ...... 113 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I simply couldn’t be bothered to vote...... 112 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I thought that one vote would not have had any bearing on the outcome...... 113 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? I wanted to protest against politics and politicians ...... 114 To what extent did the following reasons influence your decision not to vote in the municipal elections? Politics do not interest me and I think that voting is not important ...... 114 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Care of the elderly ...... 106

146 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Cultural services ...... 106 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Day-care services ...... 103 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Employment ...... 108 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Environmental protection ...... 104 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Library administration ...... 105 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Maintenance of parks and recreational areas ...... 110 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Primary health care services ...... 105 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Public transport ...... 104 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? School system ...... 103 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Sports and recreational services ...... 108 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Street maintenance and lights ...... 109 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Subsistence subsidies ...... 107 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Support for businesses and enterprises ...... 109 To what extent did your opinion on the following municipal services and obligations influence your vote in the municipal elections? Support for housing construction ...... 107 To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candidate based on the fact that he/she is of the same sex as you are? ...... 90 To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candidate based on the fact that you and he/she belong to the same age group ...... 90 To what extent was your decision to vote for the particular candidate based on the fact that you and he/she belong to the same occupational group ...... 91 To which occupational group do you belong? (If the respondent is the head of the household) 11 To which occupational group does the head of your household (person with the highest income) belong? ...... 10 To which of the following income brackets does your household belong when the pre-tax in- comes of all family members are added up? (Annual or monthly income, FIM) ...... 7

147 3. Indexes

Total number of household members ...... 9 Type of municipality ...... 12 Weighting coefficient ...... 122 Weighting coefficient (age, sex) ...... 120 What do you think about the following statements? Everybody who wants to can have a say in the affairs of their home municipality...... 39 What do you think about the following statements? Generally speaking, one can trust the local politicians in my home municipality...... 43 What do you think about the following statements? I have no say in what the municipal board and council decides...... 40 What do you think about the following statements? I think that I understand the important issues of municipal politics rather well...... 40 What do you think about the following statements? In municipal politics, parties are only inter- ested in people’s votes, not in their opinions...... 41 What do you think about the following statements? In my home municipality, public servants do not stand in the way of the representative democracy implemented through the local council decision-making...... 42 What do you think about the following statements? In view of political actions carried out in my municipality, the election results do not have much significance nowadays...... 42 What do you think about the following statements? Political decision-making power is concen- trated in far too few hands in my home municipality...... 44 What do you think about the following statements? There is at least one party in local politics which acts in my best interest...... 41 What do you think about the following statements? Usually, the local government councillors lose touch with the voters soon after they have been elected...... 43 What is your basic education? ...... 7 What is your impression of the current Government, i.e. the Government of Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen? Are you satisfied with its actions? ...... 80 What is your marital status? ...... 9 What is your vocational education? ...... 7 Which of the following alternatives describes your employer? Do you work at the...... 120 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: KESK ...... 18 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: KOK ...... 18 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: NUOR ...... 20 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: PS ...... 20 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: RKP ...... 19 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: SDP ...... 17 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: SKL ...... 19

148 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: Some other party ...... 20 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: VAS ...... 18 Which parties presently hold seats in the Finnish Government: VIHR ...... 19 Which party do you support? ...... 116 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: KESK ...... 26 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: KOK ...... 27 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: LKP ...... 29 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: NUOR ...... 28 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: PS ...... 29 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: RKP ...... 27 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: SDP ...... 26 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: SKL ...... 28 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: Some other ...... 29 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: VAS ...... 27 Which party or parties have you been asked to join: VIHR ...... 28

149

Appendix A

Questionnaire in Finnish

151 KYSELYLOMAKE Tämä kyselylomake on osa Yhteiskuntatieteelliseen tietoarkistoon arkistoitua tutkimusaineistoa

FSD1023 Puolueet ja kunnallisdemokratia 1996 : valitsijakunta

Kyselylomaketta hyödyntävien tulee viitata siihen asianmukaisesti lähdeviitteellä. Lisätiedot: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/

QUESTIONNAIRE This questionnaire is part of the following dataset, archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive:

FSD1023 Parties and Local Democracy 1996 : Electors

If this questionnaire is used or referred to in any publication, the source must be acknowledged by means of an appropriate bibliographic citation. More information: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/ Puolueet, vaalit ja kunnallishallinto 1996-1997/ Valitsijakysely / Suomen Gallup Oy / yhdistetty aineisto

Lomakenumero

Omnibus-kierroksen numero +--+--+--+--+--+--+ 2

Työnumero +--+--+--+--+--+--+ 3

Sukupuoli

Nainen ...... 4 1 Mies ...... 2

Minkä ikäinen olette? +--+--+ 5

Mikä on peruskoulutuksenne? (TAUSTATIETOKORTTI)

Kansakoulu tai vähemmän, kansalaiskoulu ...... 6 1 Keskikoulu tai peruskoulu ...... 2 Ylioppilastutkinto ...... 3 Joku muu ...... 4

Entä mikä on ammatillinen koulutuksenne? (TAUSTATIETOKORTTI)

Ei ammatillista koulutusta ...... 7 1 Ammattikurssi, lyhyt ammattikoulutus, työn ohessa saatu koulutus ...... 2 Ammattikoulu, teknillinenkoulu, kauppakoulu tai näihin verrattava ...... 3 Opistotasoinen koulutus ...... 4 Yliopisto- tai korkeakoulututkinto ...... 5 Joku muu, mikä? ______6

Mihin näistä tuloluokista taloutenne kuuluu, kun kaikkien talouden jäsenten tulot lasketaan yhteen veroja vähentämättä? Vastatkaa sen mukaan, kumpi on Teille helpompi vastata eli joko vuosi- tai kuukausitulo. Sanokaa vain numero kortilta.(TAUSTATIETOKORTTI)

Alle 60.000...... alle 5.000...... 8 1 60.001- 90.000...... 5.001- 7.500...... 2 90.001-120.000...... 7.501-10.000...... 3 120.001-150.000...... 10.001-12.500...... 4 150.001-180.000...... 12.501-15.000...... 5 180.001-210.000 ...... 15.001-17.500...... 6 210.001-240.000...... 17.501-20.000...... 7 240.001-270.000...... 20.001-22.500...... 8 270.001-300.000 ...... 22.501-25.000...... 9 Yli 300.000 ...... Yli 25.000...... 10 Ei vastausta ...... 11

Kuinka monta yli 16-vuotiasta henkilöä kuuluu talouteenne itsenne mukaan lukien?

+--+--+ 9

Entä kuinka monta alle 16-vuotiasta lasta talouteenne kuuluu?

+--+--+ 10

Kuinka monta alle 7-vuotiasta lasta kuuluu talouteenne?

+--+--+ 11 Yhteensä perheenjäseniä:

+--+--+ 12 Mihin elinvaiheeseen kuulutte, sanokaa vain numero kortilta? (TAUSTATIETOKORTTI)

Naimaton, asuu vanhempien luona...... 13 1 Yksin, alle 35-vuotias ...... 2 Yksin, yli 35-vuotias...... 3 Naimisissa/avopari, ei lapsia...... 4 Naimisissa/avopari, on lapsia...... 5 Yksinhuoltaja/aikuinen, asuu lasten kanssa...... 6 Pariskunta, lapset eivät asu kotona...... 7

Mihin näistä ammattiryhmistä taloutenne päähenkilö eli eniten ansaitseva kuuluu? (TAUSTATIETOKORTTI)

Maataloustyönantaja, maatalousyksityisyrittäjä...... 14 1 Muu työnantaja, muu yksityisyrittäjä...... 2 Johtavassa asemassa toisen palveluksessa, ylempi toimihenkilö...... 3 Alempi toimihenkilö...... 4 Työntekijä...... 5 Eläkeläinen...... 6 Opiskelija/Koululainen...... 7 Muut...... 8

(JOS PÄÄHENKILÖ ELÄKELÄINEN) Mikä oli entinen ammatti?

Maataloustyönantaja, maatalousyksityisyrittäjä 15 1 Muu työnantaja, muu yksityisyrittäjä...... 2 Johtavassa asemassa toisen palveluksessa, ylempi toimihenkilö...... 3 Alempi toimihenkilö...... 4 Työntekijä...... 5 Eläkeläinen...... 6 Opiskelija/Koululainen...... 7 Muut...... 8

Mihin näistä ammattiryhmistä Te itse kuulutte? (JOS VASTAAJA PÄÄHENKILÖ, SAMA KUIN KOHDASSA a) tai b))

Maataloustyönantaja, maatalousyksityisyrittäjä ...... 16 1 Muu työnantaja, muu yksityisyrittäjä...... 2 Johtavassa asemassa toisen palveluksessa, ylempi toimihenkilö ...... 3 Alempi toimihenkilö...... 4 Työntekijä...... 5 Eläkeläinen...... 6 Opiskelija/Koululainen...... 7 Muut...... 8

Oletteko tällä hetkellä kokopäivätyössä, osa-aikatyössä, työttömänä, lomautettuna vai jostakin muusta syystä työelämän ulkopuolella?

Kokopäivätyössä...... 17 1 Osa-aikatyössä...... 2 Työtön...... 3 Lomautettu...... 4 Työelämän ulkopuolella...... 5

Kuka Teillä päättää taloutenne elintarvikeostoista?

Vastaaja...... 18 1 Muu kuin vastaaja...... 2 Vastaaja ja joku/jotkut muut yhdessä ...... 3

Paikkakuntatyyppi:

Pääkaupunkiseutu ...... 19 1 Turku, Tampere...... 2 Muu kaupunki...... 3 Maaseututaajama...... 4 Avoin maaseutu...... 5 Haastateltavan asuinpaikkakunnan postinumero +--+--+--+--+ 20

Kuntakoodi +--+--+--+ 21

Asuinlääni +--+--+ 22

LÄÄNI

Uudenmaan...... 23 1 Turun ja Porin...... 2 Hämeen...... 3 Kymen...... 4 Mikkelin...... 5 Kuopion...... 6 Keski-Suomen...... 7 Vaasan...... 8 Pohjois-Karjalan...... 9 Oulun...... 10 Lapin...... 11

Missä osassa Suomea asuu?

ETELÄ-SUOMI...... 24 1 KESKI-SUOMI...... 2 POHJOIS-SUOMI...... 3

Painokerroin +--+--+--+--+--+--+ 25

Jos eduskuntavaalit olisivat nyt, niin mitä puoluetta tai muuta ryhmittymää Te äänestäisitte? (RENGASTAKAA OIKEAN VAIHTOEHDON NUMERO)

SDP (Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue)...... 26 1 KESK (Suomen Keskusta)...... 2 KOK (Kansallinen Kokoomus)...... 3 VAS (Vasemmistoliitto)...... 4 RKP (Ruotsalainen Kansanpuolue...... 5 VIHR (Vihreä liitto)...... 6 SKL (Suomen Kristillinen Liitto)...... 7 NUOR (Nuorsuomalainen Puolue)...... 8 Perussuomalaiset (ent. Suomen Maaseudun puolue, SMP)...... 9 LKP (Liberaalinen Kansanpuolue)...... 10 NAISP (Naisten Puolue)...... 11 VSL (Vapaan Suomen Liitto)...... 12 SEP (Suomen Eläkeläisten Puolue)...... 13 EKA (Eläkeläiset Kansan Asialla)...... 14 EKO (Ekologinen Puolue)...... 15 LLP (Luonnonlain Puolue)...... 16 YVP (Yhteisvastuu puolue) ...... 17 Kommunistinen Työväen Puolue...... 18 Joku muu puolue tai ryhmittymä...... 19 En äänestäisi...... 20 En osaa sanoa...... 21 En halua sanoa...... 22 Jos eduskuntavaalit pidettäisiin nyt, niin mitä puoluetta tai muuta ryhmittymää Te äänes täisitte TOISSIJAISESTI? (siis jotakin muuta puoluetta kuin edellisessä kysymyksessä 1.) (RENGASTAKAA OIKEAN VAIHTOEHDON NUMERO)

SDP (Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue)...... 27 1 KESK (Suomen Keskusta...... 2 KOK (Kansallinen Kokoomus)...... 3 VAS (Vasemmistoliitto)...... 4 RKP (Ruotsalainen Kansanpuolue)...... 5 VIHR (Vihreä liitto)...... 6 SKL (Suomen Kristillinen Liitto)...... 7 NUOR (Nuorsuomalainen Puolue)...... 8 Perussuomalaiset (ent. Suomen Maaseudun puolue, SMP)...... 9 LKP (Liberaalinen Kansanpuolue)...... 10 NAISP (Naisten Puolue)...... 11 VSL (Vapaan Suomen Liitto)...... 12 SEP (Suomen Eläkeläisten Puolue)...... 13 EKA (Eläkeläiset Kansan Asialla)...... 14 EKO (Ekologinen Puolue)...... 15 LLP (Luonnonlain Puolue)...... 16 YVP (Yhteisvastuu puolue)...... 17 Kommunistinen Työväen Puolue...... 18 Joku muu puolue tai ryhmittymä...... 19 En äänestäisi...... 20 En osaa sanoa...... 21 En halua sanoa...... 22

Mitä puoluetta tai muuta ryhmittymää Te äänestitte lokakuussa järjestetyissä kunnallisvaaleissa?

SDP (Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue)...... 28 1 KESK (Suomen Keskusta)...... 2 KOK (Kansallinen Kokoomus)...... 3 VAS (Vasemmistoliitto)...... 4 RKP (Ruotsalainen Kansanpuolue)...... 5 VIHR (Vihreä liitto)...... 6 SKL (Suomen Kristillinen Liitto)...... 7 NUOR (Nuorsuomalainen Puolue)...... 8 Perussuomalaiset (ent. Suomen Maaseudun puolue,SMP)...... 9 LKP (Liberaalinen Kansanpuolue)...... 10 NAISP (Naisten Puolue)...... 11 VSL (Vapaan Suomen Liitto)...... 12 SEP (Suomen Eläkeläisten Puolue)...... 13 EKA (Eläkeläiset Kansan Asialla)...... 14 EKO (Ekologinen Puolue)...... 15 LU (Luonnonlain Puolue)...... 16 YVP (Yhteisvastuu puolue)...... 17 Kommunistinen Työväen Puolue...... 18 Joku muu puolue tai ryhmittymä...... 19 En äänestänyt...... 20 En osaa sanoa...... 21 En halua sanoa...... 22

Nykyinen kunnallislaki sallii kansanäänestysten käytön kunnallisessa päätöksenteossa. Onko kunnallisen kansanäänestyksen tulos lain mukaan päätöksentekijöitä lopullisesti sitova vai vain neuvoa-antava?

Lopullisesti sitova ...... 29 1 Neuvoa antava ...... 2 Ei osaa sanoa ...... 3 Mitkä ovat hiljattain käytyjen kunnallisvaalien tulosten perusteella suuruusjärjestyksessä kaksi suurinta poliittista puoluetta tai ryhmittymää kotikuntanne kunnan/kaupunginvaltuustos sa? SUURIN:

SDP ...... 30 1 KESK ...... 2 KOK ...... 3 VAS ...... 4 RKP ...... 5 VIHR ...... 6 Joku muu ...... 7 Ei osaa sanoa ...... 8

Toiseksi suurin:

SDP ...... 31 1 KESK...... 2 KOK...... 3 VAS...... 4 RKP...... 5 VIHR...... 6 Joku muu...... 7 Ei osaa sanoa...... 8

Mitkä puolueet ovat mukana maamme nykyisessä hallituksessa?

SDP...... 32 1 KESK...... 2 KOK...... 3 VAS...... 4 RKP...... 5 VIHR...... 6 SKL...... 7 NUSU...... 8 Perussuomalainen puolue...... 9 Joku muu...... 10

Tiedättekö, kuinka monta prosenttia kotikuntanne kunnallisveroäyri on tällä hetkellä?

Kyllä...... 33 1 Ei ...... 2

Arvio kunnallisveroäyristä +--+--+--+--+ 34

TÄSTÄ ALKAVAT PERÄVAUNUN, 141412,KYSYMYKSET

Kuinka kiinnostunut olette kunnallispolitiikasta?

Hyvin kiinnostunut...... 35 1 Jonkin verran kiinnostunut...... 2 Vain vähän kiinnostunut...... 3 En ollenkaan kiinnostunut...... 4 En osaa sanoa...... 5

Kuinka kiinnostunut olette yleensä politiikasta?

Hyvin kiinnostunut...... 36 1 Jonkin verran kiinnostunut...... 2 Vain vähän kiinnostunut...... 3 En ollenkaan kiinnostunut...... 4 En osaa sanoa...... 5 Kuinka usein olette viimeisten kahden vuoden aikana...

Usein ...... 37 1 Joskus ...... 2 Harvoin ...... 3 En lainkaan ...... 4

Keskustellut politiikasta omien perheenjäsenten, työkavereiden tai muiden tuttujen kanssa Keskustellut politiikasta jonkun puoluejäsenen kanssa Pyrkinyt vaikuttamaan siihen, että ihmisten asenteet tulisivat politiikalle myönteisemmiksi Kirjoittanut lehtien yleisönosastoihin politiikkaa koskevista asioista Ottanut henkilökohtaisesti yhteyttä virkamiehiin itsellenne tärkeissä poliittisissa kysymyksissä Ottanut henkilökohtaisesti yhteyttä luottamustehtävissä toimiviin poliitikkoihin itsellenne tärkeissä poliittisissa kysymyksissä Allekirjoittanut erilaisia vetoomuksia tai adresseja

Oletteko tällä hetkellä tai oletteko joskus ollut jonkin poliittisen puolueen jäsen?

Olen tällä hetkellä jonkin puolueen jäsen...... 44 1 Olen ollut jäsen, mutta en ole tällä hetkellä...... 2 En ole koskaan ollut minkään puolueen jäsen...... 3

Onko Teitä koskaan pyydetty liittymään jonkin puolueen jäseneksi?

Ei ole koskaan pyydetty...... 45 1 Kyllä, seuraavan tai seuraavien puolueiden jäseneksi...... 2

Minkä puolueen tai puolueiden jäseneksi Teitä on pyydetty?

Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen puolue - SDP...... 46 1 Suomen Keskusta - KESK (aiemmin Maalaisliitto)...... 2 Kansallinen Kokoomus - KOK...... 3 Vasemmistoliitto - VAS...... 4 Ruotsalainen kansanpuolue - RKP...... 5 Vihreä Liitto - VIHR...... 6 Suomen Kristillinen Liitto - SKL...... 7 Nuorsuomalainen puolue - NUSU...... 8 Suomen Maaseudun Puolue (nyk. Perussuomalainen Puolue)...... 9 Liberaalinen Kansanpuolue – LKP...... 10 Joku muu...... 11

Minä vuosikymmenenä pyydettiin SDP:hen? +--+--+ 47 Minä vuosikymmenenä pyydettiin Suomen Keskustaan? +--+--+ 48 Minä vuosikymmenenä pyydettiin Kokoomukseen? +---+---+ 49 Minä vuosikymmenenä pyydettiin Vasemmistoliittoon? +---+---+ 50 Minä vuosikymmenenä pyydettiin RKP:hen? +---+---+ 51 Minä vuosikymmenenä pyydettiin Vihreään Liittoon? +---+---+ 52 Minä vuosikymmenenä pyydettiin SKL:ään? +---+---+ 53 Minä vuosikymmenenä pyydettiin Nuorsuomalaisiin? +---+---+ 54 Minä vuosikymmenenä pyydettiin SMP:hen? +---+---+ 55 Minä vuosikymmenenä pyydettiin LKP:hen? +---+---+ 56 Minä vuosikymmenenä pyydettiin johonkin muuhun puolueeseen? +---+---+ 57 Jos joku nyt pyytäisi Teitä liittymään itsellenne mieluisimman puolueen jäseneksi, kuinka varmasti liittyisitte tai jättäisitte liittymättä sen jäseneksi? (HUOM Puoluejäsenet vastaavat ikään kuin eivät olisi puoluejäseniä, ja heitä pyydettäisiin nyt liittymään puolueeseen.)

Varmasti liittyisin...... 58 1 Luultavasti liittyisin...... 2 Luultavasti en liittyisi...... 3 Varmasti en liittyisi...... 4 En osaa sanoa...... 5

Jos Teidän pitäisi ottaa jossakin Teille tärkeässä asiassa yhteyttä oman kuntanne politiikkoihin tai virkamiehiin, kuinka mieluisia seuraavat keinot olisivat kohdallanne?

Erittäin mieluinen ...... 59 1 Melko mieluinen...... 2 Ei kovinkaan mieluinen...... 3 Ei lainkaan mieluinen...... 4 Ei osaa sanoa...... 5

Henkilökohtaisen viestin lähettäminen jonkun sellaisen ihmisen kautta, joka tuntee kyseisen poliitikon tai virkamiehen Henkilökohtaiset terveiset epävirallisissa, ennalta suunnittelemattomissa tilanteissa (esim. kadulla tms.) Henkilökohtaisesti sovittu tapaaminen Henkilökohtainen yhteydenotto puhelimitse Henkilökohtainen kirjallinen yhteydenotto (kirjeet, fax, sähköposti) Mielipiteen ilmaisu kokouksissa tai muissa julkisissa tilanteissa,joissa on läsnä poliitikkoja tai virkamiehiä Mielipiteen kirjoittaminen sanomalehteen tai sen ilmaisu muun tiedotusvälineen kautta

Kuinka paljon seuraavat tahot mielestänne arvostavat kunnan-/kaupunginvaltuutettujen työtä omassa kunnassanne?

Erittäin paljon...... 66 1 Melko paljon...... 2 Vaikea sanoa...... 3 Melko vähän...... 4 Erittäin vähän...... 5

Valtuutetut itse Kunnan johtavat viranhaltijat Keskeiset tiedotusvälineet Te itse

Erittäin paljon...... 69 1 Melko paljon ...... 2 Vaikea sanoa ...... 3 Melko vähän...... 4 Erittäin vähän ...... 5 Mitä mieltä olette seuraavista väittämistä?

Täysin samaa mieltä...... 70 1 Jokseenkin samaa mieltä...... 2 Vaikea sanoa...... 3 Jokseenkin eri mieltä...... 4 Täysin eri mieltä...... 5

Jokainen, joka haluaa, pystyy kyllä vaikuttamaan kotikuntansa asioihin Omasta mielestäni ymmärrän melko hyvin tärkeitä kunnallispoliittisia kysymyksiä Minulla ei ole mitään sananvaltaa siihen, mitä kunnan-/kaupunginhallitus ja -valtuusto päättävät On ainakin yksi puolue, joka aina yrittää ajaa minun etuani kunnallispolitiikassa Puolueet ovat kunnallispolitiikassa kiinnostuneita vain ihmisten antamista äänistä, eivät heidän mielipiteistään Kunnallisvaalien tuloksilla ei ole nykyään paljonkaan merkitystä kunnassani harjoitettavan politiikan kannalta Virkamiesvalta ei ole kotikunnassani esteenä valtuuston kautta välittyvälle edustukselliselle demokratialle Kunnan-/kaupunginvaltuutetut menettävät yleensä pian valituksi tultuaan kosketuksen äänestäjiin Kotikuntani kunnallispoliitikkoihin voi yleensä ottaen luottaa Poliittinen päätösvalta on kotikunnassani keskittynyt aivan liian harvoille henkilöille

AJATELLAAN SITTEN POLITIIKKAA YLEENSÄ, EI PELKÄSTÄÄN KUNNALLISPOLITIIKKAA. MITÄ MIELTÄ OLETTE TALLÖIN SEURAAVISTA VÄITTEISTÄ?

Täysin samaa mieltä...... 80 1 Jokseenkin samaa mieltä ...... 2 Vaikea sanoa...... 3 Jokseenkin eri mieltä...... 4 Täysin eri mieltä...... 5

Jokainen joka haluaa pystyy kyllä vaikuttamaan yhteiskunnan asioihin. Omasta mielestäni ymmärrän melko hyvin tärkeitä poliittisia kysymyksiä Minulla ei ole mitään sananvaltaa siihen, mitä maan hallitus ja eduskunta päättävät On ainakin yksi puolue, joka aina yrittää ajaa minun etuani Puolueet ovat kiinnostuneita vain ihmisten antamista äänistä, eivät heidän mielipiteistään Maassamme harjoitettavan politiikan kannalta vaalien tuloksilla ei ole nykyään ole paljonkaan merkitystä Suomessa virkamiesvalta ei ole esteenä vaaleissa välittyvälle edustukselliselle demokratialle Valitut kansanedustajat menettävät yleensä pian valituksi tultuaan kosketuksen äänestäjiin Poliitikkoihin voi yleensä ottaen luottaa Poliittinen päätösvalta on yhteiskunnassamme keskittynyt aivan liian harvoille henkilöille

Missä määrin arvelette valtiovallan vaikuttavan siihen, millaisia päätöksiä kuntien viranomaiset kuntalaisten olojen kehittämiseksi tekevät?

Erittäin paljon ...... 90 1 Melko paljon ...... 2 Melko vähän ...... 3 Ei lainkaan ...... 4 En osaa sanoa ...... 5

Kuinka tärkeänä pidätte sitä, että kunnanvaltuusto vastaa koostumukseltaan äänioikeutettua väestöä seuraavien tekijöiden suhteen?

Erittäin tärkeä ...... 91 1 Melko tärkeä...... 2 Vaikea sanoa...... 3 Ei kovinkaan tärkeä...... 4 Ei lainkaan tärkeä...... 5

Eri sukupuolien tasapuolinen edustavuus Eri ikäryhmien tasapuolinen edustavuus Eri ammattiryhmien tasapuolinen edustavuus Eri asteisesti koulutettujen henkilöiden tasapuolinen edustavuus Seuraavassa on lueteltu joukko kunnan tehtäviä ja palveluita. Arvioikaa niitä kahdella tapaa oheisten erillisten ohjeiden (A ja B) mukaisesti.

Lasten päivähoito Koulutoimi Joukkoliikennepalvelut Ympäristönsuojelu Kirjastotoimi Terveyskeskuspalvelut Vanhusten huolto Kulttuuripalvelut Asuntotuotannon tukeminen Toimeentulotuki Työllisyyden hoito Urheilu- ja liikuntapalvelut Katujen kunnostus ja katuvalaistus Yritys- ja elinkeinotoiminnan tukeminen Viher- ja virkistysalueiden kunnossapito

Enintään viisi sellaista asiaa, joita kunnassa pitäisi erityisesti kehittää

Lasten päivähoito ...... 110 1 Koulutoimi...... 2 Joukkoliikennepalvelut...... 3 Ympäristönsuojelu...... 4 Kirjastotoimi...... 5 Terveyskeskuspalvelut...... 6 Vanhusten huolto...... 7 Kulttuuripalvelut...... 8 Asuntotuotannon tukeminen...... 9 Toimeentulotuki ...... 10 Työllisyyden hoito ...... 11 Urheilu- ja liikuntapalvelut...... 12 Katujen kunnostus ja katuvalaistus...... 13 Yritys- ja elinkeinotoiminnan tukeminen...... 14 Viher- ja virkistysalueiden kunnossapito...... 15

Kuinka hyvinä pidätte seuraavia keinoja kunnallisen demokratian kehittämisessä? Arvioikaa kutakin nimenomaan oman kuntanne nykytilanteen kannalta.

Erittäin hyvä keino...... 111 1 Melko hyvä keino...... 2 Vaikea sanoa...... 3 Ei kovin hyvä keino...... 4 Ei lainkaan hyvä keino...... 5

Alueellisen hallinnon, esim. kunnanosahallinnon kehittäminen Aloiteoikeuden käytön kehittäminen Kunnalliset kansanäänestykset Kunnalliset mielipidetiedustelut Kuulemistilaisuudet Muut keskustelu- ja tiedotustilaisuudet Luottamusmiesvallan vahvistaminen virkamiesvallan kustannuksella Kunnan-/kaupunginjohtajan valinnan siirtäminen valtuustolta suoraan kuntalaisille Kunnan johtavien virkamiesten määräaikaistamisen lisääminen Puolueiden paikallisjärjestötoiminnan kehittäminen Kuinka hyvinä pidätte seuraavia keinoja kunnallisen palvelutuotannon ja päätöksenteon tehokkuuden kehittämisessä?

Erittäin hyvä keino...... 121 1 Melko hyvä keino...... 2 Vaikea sanoa...... 3 Ei kovin hyvä keino...... 4 Ei lainkaan hyvä keino...... 5

Kuntien lukumäärän vähentäminen pakkoliitoksin Kuntien vapaaehtoisen yhteistyön lisääminen Tulosvastuuajattelun vahvistaminen Kunnallisten palvelujen yksityistäminen Virkamies- ja asiantuntijavallan lisääminen luottamusmiesten kustannuksella Kunnan johtavien virkamiesten määräaikaistamisen lisääminen

Missä määrin seuraavilla eri tahoilla on mielestänne tosiasiallista vaikutusvaltaa kotikuntanne asioista päätettäessä?

Erittäin paljon ...... 127 1 Melko paljon...... 2 Vaikea sanoa...... 3 Melko vähän...... 4 Erittäin vähän...... 5

Kunnan-/kaupunginvaltuusto Kunnan-/kaupunginhallitus Lautakunnat ja johtokunnat Kunnan-/kaupunginjohtaja Kunnan viranhaltijat yleensä Pankit Teollisuus- ja muut yritykset Paikalliset valtion viranomaiset Puolueiden paikallisjärjestöt Ammattiyhdistykset Yrittäjäjärjestöt Maataloustuottajajärjestöt Asukasyhdistykset/kylätoimikunnat Alueelliset/paikalliset lehdet Kuntalaiset yleensä

Mikä käsitys Teillä on nykyisestä Paavo Lipposen johtamasta hallituksesta? Oletteko hallituksen toimintaan...

Erittäin tyytyväinen...... 142 1 Melko tyytyväinen...... 2 Melko tyytymätön...... 3 Erittäin tyytymätön...... 4 En osaa sanoa...... 5

A) Maassamme käytiin hiljattain kunnallisvaalit. Arvioikaa kouluarvosanalla 4-10 sitä, kuinka paljon eri tiedotusvälineet mielestänne välittivät tietoa kunnallisasioista vaalikampanjan aikana?

Tiedotusvälineen yleensä +--+--+ 143 Alueen suurin sanomalehti +--+--+ 144 Alueen/kunnan muut tilattavat lehdet +--+--+ 145 Ilmaisjakelulehdet +--+--+ 146 YLEn valtakunnalliset ja alueradiolähetykset +--+--+ 147 Paikallisradio/-radiot +--+--+ 148 Valtakunnalliset TV-lähetykset +--+--+ 149 Kaapeli-/paikallistelevisio +--+--+ 150 Entä kuinka puolueettomasti eri tiedotusvälineet mielestänne välittivät tietoa kunnallisasioista Vaalikampanjan aikana?

Tiedotusvälineen yleensä +--+--+ 151 Alueen suurin sanomalehti +--+--+ 152 Alueen/kunnan muut tilattavat lehdet +--+--+ 153 Ilmaisjakelulehdet +--+--+ 154 YLEn valtakunnalliset ja alueradiolähetykset +--+--+ 155 Paikallisradio/-radiot +--+--+ 156 Valtakunnalliset TV-lähetykset +--+--+ 157 Kaapeli-/paikallistelevisio +--+--+ 158

Useat äänioikeutetut eivät käyttäneet äänioikeuttaan tämän syksyn kunnallisvaaleissa. Kävittekö Te äänestämässä vai jätittekö äänestämättä kunnallisvaaleissa?

Kävin äänestämässä...... 159 1 En käynyt äänestämässä...... 2

Valitkaa seuraavista vaihtoehdoista tärkeysjärjestyksessä kaksi tärkeintä. Kävin äänestämässä, koska...

TÄRKEIN SYY

Halusin vaikuttaa itselleni tärkeiden tavoitteiden toteutumiseen kunnallisessa päätöksenteossa ...... 160 1 Äänestämässä käynti on mielestäni kansalaisvelvollisuus ...... 2 Halusin vaikuttaa tietyn puolueen/ehdokkaan menestymiseen vaaleissa ...... 3 Äänestämässä käynti on minulle tapa ...... 4 En osaa sanoa ...... 5

TOISEKSI TÄRKEIN SYY ÄÄNESTÄMISEEN

Halusin vaikuttaa itselleni tärkeiden tavoitteiden toteutumiseen kunnallisessa päätöksenteossa ...... 161 1 Äänestämässä käynti on mielestäni kansalaisvelvollisuus ...... 2 Halusin vaikuttaa tietyn puolueen/ehdokkaan menestymiseen vaaleissa ...... 3 Äänestämässä käynti on minulle tapa ...... 4 En osaa sanoa ...... 5

Edustaako kunnallisvaaleissa äänestämänne ehdokas ...

a)samaa sukupuolta kuin Te

Kyllä ...... 162 1 Ei ...... 2 En osaa/halua sanoa ...... 3

b)suurin piirtein itsenne ikäistä väestöä

Kyllä ...... 163 1 Ei ...... 2 En osaa/halua sanoa ...... 3

c)samaa ammattiryhmää kuin Te

Kyllä ...... 164 1 Ei ...... 2 En osaa/halua sanoa ...... 3 Kuinka suuressa määrin kunnallisvaalien ehdokasvalintanne perustui siihen, että äänestämänne ehdokas oli juuri ...

Oman sukupuolenne edustaja

Erittäin suuressa määrin...... 165 1 Melko suuressa määrin...... 2 Vaikea sanoa...... 3 Ei kovinkaan suuressa määrin...... 4 Ei lainkaan ...... 5

Oman ikäryhmänne edustaja

Erittäin suuressa määrin...... 166 1 Melko suuressa määrin...... 2 Vaikea sanoa...... 3 Ei kovinkaan suuressa määrin ...... 4 Ei lainkaan ...... 5

Oman ammattiryhmänne edustaja

Erittäin suuressa määrin...... 167 1 Melko suuressa määrin...... 2 Vaikea sanoa...... 3 Ei kovinkaan suuressa määrin...... 4 Ei lainkaan ...... 5

Kuinka hyvin tunsitte kunnallisvaaliehdokkaan, jota äänestitte?

Tunnen hänet henkilökohtaisesti...... 168 1 Ystäväni, tuttavani tai sukulaiseni tuntee hänet henkilökohtaisesti...... 2 Tunsin ehdokkaan toimintaa tiedotusvälineiden perusteella jo ennen ehdokkaan vaalimainontaa...... 3 Äänestin ehdokasta vaalimainonnan perusteella...... 4 Valitsin ehdokkaan tuntematta häntä tarkemmin...... 5 En osaa sanoa...... 6

Jos ajatellaan äänestyspäätöstänne kunnallisvaaleissa kokonaisuudessaan, niin kumpi asia oli Teille loppujen lopuksi tärkeämpi äänestämisessänne: puolue vai ehdokas?

Puolue...... 169 1 Ehdokas...... 2 En osaa sanoa...... 3

Kuinka tärkeitä seuraavat syyt olivat puoluevalinnallenne kunnallisvaaleissa?

Vaikutti ratkaisevasti...... 170 1 Vaikutti paljon...... 2 Vaikea sanoa...... 3 Vaikutti jonkin verran...... 4 Ei vaikuttanut lainkaan...... 5

Puolueen toiminta kuluvan vaalikauden aikana valtakunnallisessa politiikassa Puolueella on hyvä puheenjohtaja Puolueen linja Euroopan Unionia koskevissa kysymyksissä Puolueen yleinen aatteellinen linja Puolueen luotettavuus Puolueen toiminta kunnallispolitiikassa vaalikaudella 1993-1996 Puolueen ajamat yksittäiset tavoitteet kunnallispolitiikassa Puolueella oli hyviä ehdokkaita Puolueen hyvä vaalikampanja Ehdokkaan toiminta kunnallispolitiikassa vaalikauden 1993-1996 aikana Ehdokkaan aikaisempi kokemus kunnallispolitiikassa tai muussa politiikassa Ehdokkaan poliittinen vakaumus Ehdokkaan luotettavuus Ehdokkaan kyky hoitaa tehokkaasti asioita Ehdokkaan linja Euroopan Unionia koskevissa kysymyksissä Ehdokkaan hyvä vaalikampanja Ehdokkaan ajamat yksittäiset tavoitteet kunnallispolitiikassa Kuinka paljon seuraavia kunnallisia palveluita ja tehtäviä koskevilla mielipiteillänne oli mielestänne vaikutusta omaan äänestyspäätökseenne kunnallisvaaleissa?

Erittäin paljon ...... 187 1 Melko paljon ...... 2 Vaikea sanoa ...... 3 Melko vähän ...... 4 Ei lainkaan ...... 5

Lasten päivähoito Koulutoimi Joukkoliikennepalvelut Ympäristönsuojelu Kirjastotoimi Terveyskeskuspalvelut Vanhusten huolto Kulttuuripalvelut Asuntotuotannon tukeminen Toimeentulotuki Työllisyyden hoito Urheilu- ja liikuntapalvelut Katujen kunnostus ja katuvalaistus Yritys-ja elinkeinoelämän tukeminen Viher-ja virkistysalueiden kunnossapito

Kuinka paljon seuraavat syyt vaikuttivat äänestämättä jättämiseenne kunnallisvaaleissa? Jätin äänestämättä, koska...

Oli tärkeä syy ...... 202 1 Vaikutti jonkin verran ...... 2 Ei vaikuttanut lainkaan ...... 3 En osaa sanoa ...... 4

Minun oli vaikea löytää itselleni sopivaa ehdokasta Minun oli vaikea löytää itselleni sopivaa puoluetta Olin estynyt äänestämään matkan, sairauden, korkean iän, työesteen, tms. vuoksi En vain viitsinyt käydä äänestämässä En katsonut äänestämisestä olevan itselleni mitään hyötyä Mielestäni yksi ääni ei olisi merkinnyt mitään vaalien lopputulokseen Tunnen epäluottamusta poliitikkoja ja yleensä politiikkaa kohtaan Halusin protestoida politiikkaa ja poliitikkoja vastaan Politiikka ei kiinnosta minua ja äänestäminen on minulle yhdentekevää En löytänyt sopivaa ehdokasta eurovaaleissa.

Kun ei ajatella erityisesti vaaleissa äänestämistä, niin katsotteko ylipäänsä kannattavanne tällä hetkellä jotakin poliittista puoluetta?

Kyllä ...... 212 1 En...... 2 En osaa sanoa ...... 3

Mitä puoluetta kannatatte?

Suomen Sosiaalidemokraattinen puolue - SDP...... 213 1 Suomen Keskusta - KESK...... 2 Kansallinen Kokoomus - KOK...... 3 Vasemmistoliitto - VAS...... 4 Ruotsalainen kansanpuolue - RKP...... 5 Vihreä Liitto - VIHR...... 6 Suomen Kristillinen Liitto - SKL...... 7 Nuorsuomalainen Puolue - NUSU...... 8 Perussuomalainen Puolue - PS...... 9 Joku muu puolue...... 10 Ei halua sanoa...... 11 Arvioikaa vielä kunnallisvaalien vaalikampanjaa ja aikaisempia tietojanne vaalien puolueista ja ehdokkaista. Kuinka riittävästi seuraavat kanavat mielestänne tarjosivat Teille tietoa puolueiden ja ehdokkaiden ajamista tavoitteista omien päätöstenne tueksi?

Täysin riittävästi ...... 214 1 Melko riittävästi ...... 2 Vaikea sanoa ...... 3 Melko riittämättömästi ...... 4 Täysin riittämättömästi ...... 5

Tiedotusvälineiden uutis- ja ajankohtaistiedot Puolueita koskeva mainonta Ehdokasmainonta Omat aikaisemmat tietoni puolueista Omat aikaisemmat tietoni ehdokkaista

Sukupuoli (perävaunu)

Mies...... 219 1 Nainen...... 2

Ikä (perävaunu)

Ammattiryhmä,johon katsotte lähinnä kuuluvanne

Johtavassa asemassa toisen palveluksessa...... 221 1 Ylempi toimihenkilö...... 2 Alempi toimihenkilö...... 3 Työntekijä...... 4 Yrittäjä tai yksityinen ammatinharjoittaja ...... 5 Maatalousyrittäjä...... 6 Opiskelija...... 7 Eläkeläinen...... 8 Kotiäiti/-rouva tai koti-isä...... 9 Työtön...... 10 Jokin muu ...... 11

Ammatillinen koulutus

Ei ammatillista koulutusta...... 222 1 Ammattikurssi tai muu lyhyt ammattikoulutus...... 2 Koulutasoinen ammattikoulutus, ammattikoulu tms...... 3 Opistotasoinen ammattikoulutus ...... 4 Yliopisto- tai korkeakoulututkinto...... 5

Mikä seuraavista vaihtoehdoista kuvaa työnantajaanne? Oletteko työssä ...

Yksityisellä sektorilla...... 223 1 Julkisella sektorilla valtion tai srk:n palveluksessa...... 2 Julkisella sektorilla kunnan tai kuntainliiton palveluksessa...... 3 En ole tällä hetkellä työelämässä...... 4

Omnibus-datan ja perävaunun yhdistämiseen käytetty tunnus eli 1no,sp ja ikä

+--+--+--+--+--+--+ 224