Socio-Political Study of District Dera Ghazi Khan 1988-1999 Session (2015-2017) Submitted By: Abdul Majeed Submitted to: Dr. Akbar Malik Roll No: 15 Class: M.Phil. Pakistan Studies Department of Pak Studies The Islamia University of Bahwalpur i Socio-Political Study of District Dera Ghazi Khan 1988-1999 Table of Contents Sr.No. Page No. Dedication II Statement &Declaration III Certificate IV Acknowledgment V Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Chapter 1 : 10 Hstorical Background of District D. G. Khan 1.1 Hostory of Dera Gahzi Khan. 1.1 Tehsil D. G. Khan 1.2 Tehsil Taunsa 1.3 Tribal Area 1.4 Kot Chuuta Chapter 2 : 30 Social Study of District D. G. Khan 2.1 Rural Area 2.2 Tribal Structure 2.3 Customary Practices vii 2.4 Historical and Tourist places Chapter 3 : 56 Political Parties and Politics of D. G. Khan (1988-1999) 3.1 Prominent Political Parties 3.2 The nature of National and Provincial Constituencies 3.2 Electoral History and Politics 3.3 Activities of Local Government (1988-1999) 3.3 Element affecting the Electoral Politics Chapter 4 : 86 Political Families and Personalities of D.G. Khan and their Impact (1988-1999) 4.1 Political families of District D. G. Khan 4.1.1 Mazari 4.1.2 Khosa 4.1.3 The Leghari's 4.1.4 Gorchani 4.2 Political Impact of Personalities Conclusion 101 Appendix 108 Bibliography 117 viii Abstract This research deals with the facts, regarding to socio-political growth and development in D. G. Khan from 1988 to 1999. There are two aims of this study, first to understand the nature of politics in D. G. Khan and second its impact on socio-political. Institution may be defined as a mechanism, organization, body, or company where people work collectively for any constructive objective that could lead the country as a whole towards development. It is very difficult to provide any definition for the understanding of socio-political situations. For the paper we can define, Politics is field through which public seeks authority through legitimacy, enforce laws, and punish the transgressor. It includes political parties, legislature, executive and judiciary. After having sensible political institutions one can think about growth, that is an evolutionary process for change. The change is development. Therefore, D. G. Khan is one of the cities in the Pakistan where so- called politician are working for the growth and development of few individuals, few families, few media channels and few religious groups. Although it has been everywhere in the Pakistan but intensity of pragmatism makes the political development fruitful. It follows with growth and development with same intensity in the socio condition. Thus, D. G. Khan needs realistic politician that believe in the growth of a social and economical development of common person. 1 Introduction The word "Dera" is derived from the local word ḍerā which means "encampment". Dera Ghazi Khan thus means the settlement or city of Ghazi Khan. Many cities in South Asia have Dera as a pre-fix such as Dera Ismail Khan and Dera Allah Yar. People of Dera Ghazi Khan as well as Dera Ismail Khan are also known as Derawal or sometimes as Dervi while the latter is used as Pen name or Takhallus. Dera Ghazi Khan is a mid-country city located on the junction of all the four provinces of Pakistan i.e. Sindh, Punjab, Balochistan and Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. Due to its location, it has been once in the list of prospective capitals of Pakistan. It has beautiful and unique landscape including Indus River, Green Fields, Pachad Desert and the Sulaiman Mountains. Islam came into this region during eighth century when Muhammad bin Qasim (695–715), the Ummayad general entered Sindh and Punjab. More than 99% people are Muslims. Independence of Pakistan in 1947, Hindu population of the city migrated to India. There are three Hindu temples in the city. Inhabitants of DG Khan District speak Saraiki and a great variety of Punjabi dialects. Derawali (Mainly), Majhi or standard (Sizeable population in cities also in newly cultivated areas), Raangri (A mixture of Punjabi and Urdu spoken by sizeable population in cities), Thlochi (Border areas near Layyah & Muzafargarh districts), Khetrani (Border areas near Barkhan & Musa khel districts) 2 Other Languages include:, Urdu is mother tongue of few people but being national language is spoken and understood by the sizeable population. English is also understood and spoken by the educated elite. Balochi is also spoken by sizeable population in the Baluchistan province border areas. Pashto is spoken by minority population in the Baluchistan province border areas and in the cities. Statement of Problem This research is concerned with the study of Socio-Political study of D. G. Khan District duing 1988-1999. In this respect, I have to observe the social and cultural rights and traditions in the society of D. G. Khan District. On the same pattern research will be focused on electoral political situation, political parties and political personalities of D. G. Khan District. History of D. G. Khan District will also be searched. Objectives of Research Objectives of my research are to answer the following questions and also highlight the hidden aspects of life of Socio-Politics study of D. G. Khan District so that if the political and cultral role of D. G. Khan District in Pakistan be assessed. Up to now no research work carried about the Politics and Economy of D. G. Khan District. So many questions are present in the mind of many people about the importance of D. G. Khan District. Common questions are as follows: 1. What is the historical and geographical importance of D. G. Khan District? 3 2. What are the social traditions? What kind of social development took place in D. G. Khan District during research period? 3. What is the trend of political parties? 4. What is the role of Biradries in electoral politics? 5. What is the politics of local government? Significance of Research It is a first time in the history of D. G. Khan District research is oriented on its different aspects like sociology, politics and history. It would highlight the history since its foundation till to now. Most of the people of D. G. Khan District are unaware about its history it would satisfied them. In the same way role of D. G. Khan‘s District personalities on national and international status will be highlighted. Research Methodology The Research Paradigms used by the Social Scientists and Researchers were applied to obtain a first hand, reliable data, which could be used for further intervention. As the study widely involves a data based on facts and figures pertaining to various aspects of human life, i.e., social, economic, political, cultural, religious, and gender, therefore it was pertinent that the study must be conducted on scientific empirical research paradigm. The study toolkit used for the collection of data included collection of primary data through Questionnaire, Traverse Walk for direct observation and collection of Secondary data from various sources including National Census Report 1998. 4 The researcher collected secondary data for Tehsil from the Tehsil Municipal office. This secondary data included information about number of Union Councils and villages and number of schools in various villages. Some of the secondary data was also taken from the National Census Report of 1998 of the areas. While researcher aimed to conduct this study on scientific basis and has framed an empirical research design, hence total dependence on Secondary data could not be of any benefit for intervention. Reason being, the public sector normally project such figures, which usually do not conform to the physical verification. Therefore, primary data was collected on group and individual basis. The reason to collect primary data from the group was to obtain information about the entire village so that a separate village profile could be prepared and an overall picture of the village could be sketched for future decision or intervention. However, the data from individual was collected in order to know the state of affair of an individual household. The information was collected on a structured questionnaire, which was developed especially for the study purpose. Questionnaire Development A detailed Questionnaire was developed to obtain relevant data for the study. For Questionnaire development, the services of an expert were secured who provided a comprehensive Questionnaire and imparted required training and education to the The Socio- Economic and Political Situation of D. G. Khan District surveyors to conduct this study. The questions were framed in a manner and sequence to ensure their relevance to the Respondents and 5 can obtain maximum information required for the study. Almost all types of questions used by the social researchers and scientists were incorporated in the Questionnaire. Research Organizations Research will be divided in four chapters. Chapter one would be tilted as introduction and history of D. G. Khan District. It will consist of its ancient and current history and its geographical distribution. It will also discuss the ancient tombs and religious places. Chapter second will concerned the social, culture and civilization development of D. G. Khan District including social set up, traditions and local games. It will also focus the casts and tribes living in D. G. Khan District. Chapter three will touch the political history and politics of D. G. Khan District including local, provincial and national politics of research period. Local, provincial and national constituencies and results will also be discussed in this chapter. Chapter four will highlight the personalities of D. G. Khan District including religious and political personalities. Literature Review There is a lot of literary material about the Social, Political and Cultural study of D.