DOCSLIB.ORG

Downloads/Docs/4625 51419 GC%2021%20What%20Are%20Slums.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Downloads/Docs/4625 51419 GC%2021%20What%20Are%20Slums.Pdf Acknowledgement The Centre for Global Development Research (CGDR) is extremely thankful to the Socio‐Economic Research Davison of the Planning Commission, Government of India for assigning this important and prestigious study. We also thankful to officials of Planning Commission including Members, Adviser (HUD), Adviser (SER), Deputy Secretary (SER), and Senior Research Officer (SER) for their interest in the study and necessary guidance at various stages of the study. We are also extremely thankful to those who have helped in facilitating the survey and providing information. In this context we wish to thank the Chief Minister of Delhi; local leaders including Members of Parliament; Members of Legislative Assembly of Delhi; Councillors of Municipal Corporation of Delhi and New Delhi Municipal Corporation; Pradhans and community leaders of slums across Delhi. Special thanks are due to the officials of JJ slum wing, MCD, Punarwas Bhawan, New Delhi; officials of Sewer Department of MCD; various news reporters and Social workers for their contribution and help in completing the research. We are also highly thankful to officials of numerous non‐government organisations for their cooperation with the CGDR team during the course of field work. We acknowledge with gratitude the intellectual advice from Professor K.P. Kalirajan on various issues related to the study. Thanks are also due to Mr. S. K. Mondal for his contribution in preparation of this report. We are also thankful to Ms Mridusmita_Bordoloi for her contribution in preparing case studies. This report is an outcome of tireless effort made by the staff of CGDR led by Mr. Indrajeet Singh. We wish to specially thank the entire CGDR team. The acknowledgement would remain incomplete without thanking Dr. Kanhaiya Singh who volunteered to guide the study at all stages and ensured a successful completion of the report with so much of detail about the slum life in Delhi and sound strategies to rehabilitate them. Finally, but not the least, we are extremely thankful to all the respondents, who took out time to answer lengthy questionnaires. We are extremely confident that this report would go a long way in helping the policy makers in their effort of making Delhi a ‘world class city’. The report would also be helpful to academicians and researchers in understanding the problems of urban poor at large and especially in the context of National Capital. Chhaya Singh Director (CGDR) This document is intellectual property of Centre for Global Development Research Private Limited, New Delhi prepared with the help of SER Grant extended by the Planning Commission of India. No part of the document can be copied without a written permission of CGDR Page i Slums of Delhi Table of Contents Acknowledgement i Table of contents iii List of figures x List of tables xii List of annexure xv Executive Summary ES‐i 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Slums in Delhi 2 1.2 Need for a socio‐economic study 2 1.3 Objectives of the proposed study 3 1.4 Scope of the proposed study 3 1.5 Structure of the report 3 2 Methodology 5 2.1 Secondary survey 5 2.2 Primary survey 5 2.2.1 Sampling and sample selection 6 2.2.2 Sample description 7 3 Delhi slum clusters: a profile 9 3.1 Growth of slums in Delhi 9 3.1.1 Distribution of existing slum clusters and slum population across regions of Delhi 11 3.1.2 Growth of existing slum clusters across regions of Delhi over time 11 3.2 Economic value of slum clusters 14 3.2.1 Land ownership of slum clusters 14 3.2.2 Property rental in and around slums 14 3.3 Infrastructure facilities in slum clusters 15 3.3.1 Roads 16 3.3.2 Street light 16 3.3.3 Common toilet facility 17 3.3.4 Drinking water 18 3.3.5 Accessibility to amenities 19 3.4 Sanitation and waste disposal 20 3.4.1 Sanitation: cleaning and sweeping 20 3.4.2 Waste collection inside slum clusters and disposal 21 3.4.3 Drainage and waste water disposal 22 3.5 Medical facilities and interventions 22 3.5.1 Household illness and treatment 23 3.5.2 Immunisation and heath check up camps 25 3.5.3 Coverage/ penetration of immunisation camps 25 3.5.4 Coverage/ penetration of health check up camps 26 3.6 Literacy improvement program 27 3.7 Crime and law and order problems 27 3.8 Organisations (government and non government) working in slum clusters 28 3.9 Awareness about slum improvement programs 31 3.10 Summary and conclusion 31 4 People and social structure 34 October 2011 Page ii 4.1 Who are the slum migrants? 34 4.1.1 Most slum migrants are villagers and a few are slum hoppers 34 4.1.2 Eighty five per cent of slum migrants come from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar 35 4.1.3 Seventy per cent of slum migrants come from 35 backward districts 36 4.1.4 Varying stretch of slum life 37 4.2 Identity proofs of slum dwellers 38 4.2.1 Ration card holders 38 4.2.2 Photo card holders 39 4.3 Household characteristics 39 4.3.1 Household head 40 4.3.2 Household size 41 4.3.3 Child worker in households 42 4.4 Demography structure of slum population 42 4.4.1 Age distribution 42 4.4.2 Gender distribution 43 4.4.3 Marital status 44 4.5 Social and religious structure of slum clusters 46 4.5.1 Overwhelming population of slum belong to majority religion 46 4.5.2 Majority slum population belongs to deprived class of society 46 4.6 Education and awareness about value of education 47 4.6.1 School going children 48 4.6.2 Affordability as major constraint to higher education 53 4.7 Awareness and affordability about social security 54 4.7.1 Healthcare related security 54 4.7.2 General medical insurance 54 4.7.3 Employees state insurance corporation (ESIC) facility 54 4.7.4 Smart card 54 4.7.5 Life insurance policy 56 4.7.6 Pension 56 4.8 Social problems of slum life 57 4.9 Concluding observations 58 5 Housing condition and amenities 60 5.1 Housing conditions 60 5.1.1 Type of dwellings 60 5.1.2 Construction floors 62 5.1.3 Number of rooms 62 5.1.4 Floor areas 63 5.2 Household amenities 64 5.2.1 Household source of drinking water 64 5.2.2 Household electricity supply 65 5.2.3 Cooking space and cooking fuel 66 5.2.4 Household toilet 67 5.2.5 Waste water disposal 68 5.3 Concluding observations 69 6 Occupation and means of livelihood 70 6.1 Status of employment and means of income of household heads 70 This document is intellectual property of Centre for Global Development Research Private Limited, New Delhi prepared with the help of SER Grant extended by the Planning Commission of India. No part of the document can be copied without a written permission of CGDR Page iii Slums of Delhi 6.1.1 Occupations of household heads 71 6.2 Status of gainful employment in population and resulting dependency 72 6.2.1 Employment pattern in the entire population 72 6.2.2 Dependency ratio 74 6.3 Distance of work place 74 6.4 Type of job markets for slum dwellers 75 6.5 Concluding observations 77 7 Cost of dwelling ownership of slum dwelling 78 7.1 Dwelling ownership 78 7.2 Cost incurred in owning a slum dwelling 79 7.3 Distribution of houses by cost of owning 80 7.3.1 Pucca houses 80 7.3.2 Semi ‐ pucca houses 80 7.3.3 Kutcha houses 82 7.4 Current purchasing price of slum dwelling 82 7.5 Concluding remarks 83 8 Drivers of migration to slum life 85 8.1 Rural‐urban influx and insecure tenure 85 8.1.1 Land less labour move from rural sector to cities 86 8.1.2 Disparate search of jobs and livelihood 87 8.2 Population pushed to poverty find shelter in slums 87 8.2.1 Unaffordable accommodation 88 8.3 Potential employment avenues provide confidence 88 8.4 Concluding remarks 89 9 Economic gains to slum migrants 91 9.1 Satisfaction based direct indicators of gains 91 9.1.1 Coming to Delhi and leading life from slum was a right decision 91 9.1.1.1 Reasons for satisfaction 92 9.1.1.2 Reasons for dissatisfaction 93 9.1.2 Desire to go back 93 9.1.3 Attractions of slum life 94 9.1.4 Benefits of welfare measures 94 9.2 Economic indicators of gains 95 9.2.1 Increase in household income 95 9.2.2 Increase in household assets 96 9.2.3 Increase in household consumption expenditure 96 9.2.4 Increase in savings 100 9.3 Concluding remarks 101 10 Willingness to move and willingness to pay for resettlement 102 10.1 General unwillingness to move away from present locality 102 10.1.1 Causes of poor willingness to move to faraway place 103 10. 2 Uncertainties of slum life: a problem of tenure 104 10.2.1 Jittery future plans 104 10.2.2 Only a few can move out of their own effort 104 10.3 Willingness to pay against resettlement 107 10.3.1 Average affordability: the amount a household would be willing to pay 108 10.3.1.1 Average view of households 108 10.3.1.2 Average view of community leaders 108 10.3.2 Distribution of the amounts the households would be willing to pay 109 October 2011 Page iv 10.3.2.1 Views of the household heads on monthly instalments 109 10.3.2.2 Views of the household heads on affordable one‐time payment towards resettlement 110 10.3.2.3 Views of community heads on monthly instalment 111 10.3.2.4 Views of community heads on affordable one‐time payment towards resettlement 112 10.4 Conclusions and remarks 113 11 Government plans for slum 114 11.1 Planning process for Delhi and slum development 114 11.1.1 Master plans for Delhi: journey from mpd‐62 to mpd‐2021 114 11.2 National housing & habitat policy‐2007 117 11.3 Government schemes covering slum rehabilitation 117 11.3.1 Delhi government action for slum development: Bhagidari with slum Dwellers 118 11.3.2 Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) 118 11.3.3 Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) 119 11.3.4 Other policies concerning slum development 120 11.4 Concluding
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Economics of Slums in the Developing World
    The Economics of Slums in the Developing World The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Marx, Benjamin, Thomas Stoker, and Tavneet Suri. “The Economics of Slums in the Developing World.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 27, no. 4 (November 2013): 187–210. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.27.4.187 Publisher American Economic Association Version Final published version Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88128 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 27, Number 4—Fall 2013—Pages 187–210 The Economics of Slums in the Developing World† Benjamin Marx, Thomas Stoker, and Tavneet Suri rrbanban ppopulationsopulations hhaveave sskyrocketedkyrocketed ggloballylobally aandnd ttodayoday rrepresentepresent mmoreore tthanhan hhalfalf ooff tthehe wworld’sorld’s ppopulation.opulation. IInn somesome ppartsarts ooff tthehe ddevelopingeveloping wworld,orld, tthishis U ggrowthrowth hhasas mmore-than-proportionatelyore-than-proportionately iinvolvednvolved rruralural mmigrationigration ttoo iinformalnformal ssettlementsettlements iinn aandnd aaroundround ccities,ities, kknownnown mmoreore ccommonlyommonly aass ““slums”—slums”— ddenselyensely ppopulatedopulated uurbanrban aareasreas ccharacterizedharacterized bbyy ppoor-qualityoor-quality hhousing,ousing, a llackack ooff aadequatedequate llivingiving sspacepace aandnd ppublicublic sservices,ervices, aandnd aaccommodatingccommodating llargearge nnumbersumbers ooff iinformalnformal rresidentsesidents wwithith ggenerallyenerally iinsecurensecure ttenure.enure.1 WWorldwide,orldwide, aatt lleasteast 8860 million60 million ppeopleeople aarere nnowow llivingiving iinn sslums,lums, aandnd tthehe nnumberumber ooff sslumlum ddwellerswellers ggrewrew bbyy ssix millionix million eeachach yyearear ffromrom 22000000 ttoo 22010010 ((UN-HabitatUN-Habitat 22012a).012a).
    [Show full text]
  • The Challenge of “Human” Sustainability for Indian Mega-Cities: Squatter Settlements, Forced Evictions and Resettlement & Rehabilitation Policies in Delhi
    V. Dupont Do not quote without the author’s permission Paper presented to: XXVII IUSSP International Population Conference Busan, Corea, 26-31 August 2013 Session 282: The sustainability of mega-cities The challenge of “human” sustainability for Indian mega-cities: Squatter settlements, forced evictions and resettlement & rehabilitation policies in Delhi Véronique Dupont Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (Institute of Research for Development) Email: [email protected] Abstract This paper deals with the “human” dimension of sustainability in Indian mega-cities, specially the issue of social equity approached through the housing requirements of the urban poor. Indian mega-cities are faced with an acute shortage in adequate housing, which has resulted in the growth of illegal slums or squatter settlements. Since the 1990s, the implementation of urban renewal projects, infrastructure expansion and “beautification” drives, in line with the requirements of globalising cities, have resulted in many slum demolitions, which increased the numbers of homeless people. Delhi exemplifies such trends. This paper’s main objective is to appraise the adequacy of slum clearance and resettlement and rehabilitation policies implemented in Delhi in order to address the challenge of slums. Do such policies alleviate the problem of lack of decent housing for the urban poor, or to what extent do they also aggravate their situation? It combines two approaches: firstly, a statistical assessment of squatters’ relocation and slum demolition without resettlement over the last two decades, completed by an analysis of the conditions of implementation of the resettlement policy; and, secondly, a qualitative and critical analysis of the recently launched strategy of in-situ rehabilitation under public- private partnership.
    [Show full text]
  • IDL-56493.Pdf
    Changes, Continuities, Contestations:Tracing the contours of the Kamathipura's precarious durability through livelihood practices and redevelopment efforts People, Places and Infrastructure: Countering urban violence and promoting justice in Mumbai, Rio, and Durban Ratoola Kundu Shivani Satija Maps: Nisha Kundar March 25, 2016 Centre for Urban Policy and Governance School of Habitat Studies Tata Institute of Social Sciences This work was carried out with financial support from the UK Government's Department for International Development and the International Development Research Centre, Canada. The opinions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect those of DFID or IDRC. iv Acknowledgments We are grateful for the support and guidance of many people and the resources of different institutions, and in particular our respondents from the field, whose patience, encouragement and valuable insights were critical to our case study, both at the level of the research as well as analysis. Ms. Preeti Patkar and Mr. Prakash Reddy offered important information on the local and political history of Kamathipura that was critical in understanding the context of our site. Their deep knowledge of the neighbourhood and the rest of the city helped locate Kamathipura. We appreciate their insights of Mr. Sanjay Kadam, a long term resident of Siddharth Nagar, who provided rich history of the livelihoods and use of space, as well as the local political history of the neighbourhood. Ms. Nirmala Thakur, who has been working on building awareness among sex workers around sexual health and empowerment for over 15 years played a pivotal role in the research by facilitating entry inside brothels and arranging meetings with sex workers, managers and madams.
    [Show full text]
  • Favelas in the Media Report
    Favelas in the Media: How the Global Narrative on Favelas Changed During Rio’s Mega-Event Years 1094 articles - eight global outlets - 2008-2016 Research conducted by Catalytic Communities in Rio de Janeiro December 2016 Lead Researcher: Cerianne Robertson, Catalytic Communities Research Coordinator Contents Research Contributors: Lara Mancinelli Alex Besser Nashwa Al-sharki Sophia Zaia Gabi Weldon Chris Peel Megan Griffin Raven Hayes Amy Rodenberger Natalie Southwick Claudia Sandell Juliana Ritter Aldair Arriola-Gomez Mikayla Ribeiro INTRODUCTION 5 Nicole Pena Ian Waldron Sam Salvesen Emilia Sens EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 Benito Aranda-Comer Wendy Muse Sinek Marcela Benavides (CatComm Board of Directors) METHODOLOGY 13 Gabriela Brand Theresa Williamson Clare Huggins (CatComm Executive Director) FINDINGS 19 Jody van Mastrigt Roseli Franco Ciara Long (CatComm Program Director) 01. Centrality ................................................................................................ 20 Rhona Mackay 02. Favela Specificity .................................................................................... 22 Translation: 03. Perspective ............................................................................................. 29 04. Language ................................................................................................ 33 Geovanna Giannini Leonardo Braga Nobre 05. Topics ..................................................................................................... 39 Kris Bruscatto Arianne Reis 06. Portrayal ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Spaces of Intermediation and Political Participation Naomi Hazarika
    Spaces of Intermediation and Political Participation Naomi Hazarika To cite this version: Naomi Hazarika. Spaces of Intermediation and Political Participation: A Study of Kusumpur Pahadi Redevelopment Project 2019. 2020. hal-02882022 HAL Id: hal-02882022 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02882022 Preprint submitted on 26 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. CSH-IFP Working Papers 16 USR 3330 “Savoirs et Mondes Indiens” SPACES OF INTERMEDIATION AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: A STUDY OF KUSUMPUR PAHADI REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT 2019 FIELD-WORK GRANT, IAPI -2019 Naomi Prachi Hazarika Institut Français de Pondichéry Centre de Sciences Humaines Pondicherry New Delhi The Institut Français de Pondichéry and the Centre de Sciences Humaines, New Delhi together form the research unit USR 3330 “Savoirs et Mondes Indiens” of the CNRS. Institut Français de Pondichéry (French Institute of Pondicherry): Created in 1955 under the terms agreed to in the Treaty of Cession between the Indian and French governments, the IFP (UMIFRE 21 CNRS- MAE) is a research centre under the joint authority of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAE) and the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS).
    [Show full text]
  • A Report on Trafficking in Women and Children in India 2002-2003
    NHRC - UNIFEM - ISS Project A Report on Trafficking in Women and Children in India 2002-2003 Coordinator Sankar Sen Principal Investigator - Researcher P.M. Nair IPS Volume I Institute of Social Sciences National Human Rights Commission UNIFEM New Delhi New Delhi New Delhi Final Report of Action Research on Trafficking in Women and Children VOLUME – 1 Sl. No. Title Page Reference i. Contents i ii. Foreword (by Hon’ble Justice Dr. A.S. Anand, Chairperson, NHRC) iii-iv iii. Foreword (by Hon’ble Mrs. Justice Sujata V. Manohar) v-vi iv. Foreword (by Ms. Chandani Joshi (Regional Programme Director, vii-viii UNIFEM (SARO) ) v. Preface (by Dr. George Mathew, ISS) ix-x vi. Acknowledgements (by Mr. Sankar Sen, ISS) xi-xii vii. From the Researcher’s Desk (by Mr. P.M. Nair, NHRC Nodal Officer) xii-xiv Chapter Title Page No. Reference 1. Introduction 1-6 2. Review of Literature 7-32 3. Methodology 33-39 4. Profile of the study area 40-80 5. Survivors (Rescued from CSE) 81-98 6. Victims in CSE 99-113 7. Clientele 114-121 8. Brothel owners 122-138 9. Traffickers 139-158 10. Rescued children trafficked for labour and other exploitation 159-170 11. Migration and trafficking 171-185 12. Tourism and trafficking 186-193 13. Culturally sanctioned practices and trafficking 194-202 14. Missing persons versus trafficking 203-217 15. Mind of the Survivor: Psychosocial impacts and interventions for the survivor of trafficking 218-231 16. The Legal Framework 232-246 17. The Status of Law-Enforcement 247-263 18. The Response of Police Officials 264-281 19.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Social Housing in India
    Sustainable Social Housing in India Definition, Challenges and Opportunities Technical Report Gregor Herda, Sonia Rani, Pratibha Ruth Caleb, Rajat Gupta, Megha Behal, Matt Gregg, Srijani Hazra May 2017 MaS-SHIP Mainstreaming Sustainable Social Housing in India Project i | P a g e MaS-SHIP (Mainstreaming Sustainable Social Housing in India project) is an initiative by the Low- Carbon Building Group at Oxford Brookes University, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Development Alternatives and UN-Habitat, that seeks to promote sustainability in terms of environmental performance, affordability and social inclusion as an integrated part of social housing in India. MaS-SHIP is supported by the Sustainable Buildings and Construction Programme of the 10- Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production (10-YFP). This report should be referenced as: Herda, G., Rani, S., Caleb, P. R., Gupta, R., Behal, M., Gregg, M. and Hazra, S. (2017). Sustainable social housing in India: definition, challenges and opportunities - Technical Report, Oxford Brookes University, Development Alternatives, The Energy and Resources Institute and UN-Habitat. Oxford. ISBN: 978-0-9929299-8 Technical peer reviewers: Professor Amita Bhide, Tata Institute of Social Sciences Dr Sameer Maithel, Greentech Knowledge Solutions Professor B V Venkatarama Reddy, Indian Institute of Science For more information on the MaS-SHIP project, please visit; www.mainstreamingsustainablehousing.org Or contact Professor Rajat Gupta: [email protected] Published by: Low Carbon Building Group, Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development, Oxford Brookes University © Oxford Brookes University, Development Alternatives, The Energy and Resources Institute and UN-Habitat, 2017 Images front and back cover: MaS-SHIP team The MaS-SHIP research team wishes to encourage access to, and circulation of, its work as widely as possible without affecting the ownership of the copyright, which remains with the copyright holder.
    [Show full text]
  • Delhi's Slum-Dwellers
    Working paper Delhi’s Slum- Dwellers Deprivation, Preferences and Political Engagement among the Urban Poor Abhijit Banerjee Rohini Pande Michael Walton October 2012 -PRELIMINARY- 1 Delhi’s Slum-Dwellers: Deprivation, Preferences and Political Engagement among the Urban Poor Abhijit Banerjee, Rohini Pande and Michael Walton October 22, 2012 I. Introduction. Today, India is one of the world’s fastest growing economies and, increasingly, an industrial and service-oriented economy.1 Reflecting this, between 2001 and 2008 India’s urban population increased from 290 million to 340 million. Yet, India remains under-urbanized relative to her income level, leading to widespread expectations of large-scale rural-to-urban migration in coming years (McKinsey Global Institute 2010). Some estimates suggest that the urban population may be close to 600 million by 2030 (High Powered Expert Committee 2011). Many countries have stumbled in the transition from lower-middle income to higher-middle income status, experiencing growth slowdowns as they failed to effect the institutional and infrastructural changes necessary to support this shift. In the case of India, it is likely that the critical changes will be in the governance of urban areas and the provision of services to the growing numbers of migrants settling in urban slums. This paper uses detailed survey data on the quality of social services available to Delhi slum-dwellers to highlight the governance constraints currently faced by low- income households in a large Indian city and to provide evidence on some of the contributing factors. Delhi is India’s second largest metropolis, with a population of around 18 million (High Powered Expert Committee 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Political Study of District Dera Ghazi Khan 1988-1999 Submitted By
    Socio-Political Study of District Dera Ghazi Khan 1988-1999 Session (2015-2017) Submitted By: Abdul Majeed Submitted to: Dr. Akbar Malik Roll No: 15 Class: M.Phil. Pakistan Studies Department of Pak Studies The Islamia University of Bahwalpur i Socio-Political Study of District Dera Ghazi Khan 1988-1999 Table of Contents Sr.No. Page No. Dedication II Statement &Declaration III Certificate IV Acknowledgment V Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Chapter 1 : 10 Hstorical Background of District D. G. Khan 1.1 Hostory of Dera Gahzi Khan. 1.1 Tehsil D. G. Khan 1.2 Tehsil Taunsa 1.3 Tribal Area 1.4 Kot Chuuta Chapter 2 : 30 Social Study of District D. G. Khan 2.1 Rural Area 2.2 Tribal Structure 2.3 Customary Practices vii 2.4 Historical and Tourist places Chapter 3 : 56 Political Parties and Politics of D. G. Khan (1988-1999) 3.1 Prominent Political Parties 3.2 The nature of National and Provincial Constituencies 3.2 Electoral History and Politics 3.3 Activities of Local Government (1988-1999) 3.3 Element affecting the Electoral Politics Chapter 4 : 86 Political Families and Personalities of D.G. Khan and their Impact (1988-1999) 4.1 Political families of District D. G. Khan 4.1.1 Mazari 4.1.2 Khosa 4.1.3 The Leghari's 4.1.4 Gorchani 4.2 Political Impact of Personalities Conclusion 101 Appendix 108 Bibliography 117 viii Abstract This research deals with the facts, regarding to socio-political growth and development in D. G. Khan from 1988 to 1999.
    [Show full text]
  • An Afro-Centric Missional Perspective on the History
    LEADING TOWARD MISSIONAL CHANGE: AN AFRO-CENTRIC MISSIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICAN BAPTISTS Desmond Henry Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree PHILOSPHIAE DOCTOR In the Faculty of Theology Department Science of Religion and Missiology University of Pretoria Supervisor: Prof C.J.P. Niemandt December 2012 © University of Pretoria STUDENT NUMBER: 28509405 I declare that “Leading toward missional change: an Afro-centric missional perspective on the history of South African Baptists” is my own work and that all sources cited herein have been acknowledged by means of complete references. __________________ _____________________ Signature Date D. Henry 2 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Name of figure Page 1. Sources used 23 2. Leading toward missional change 25 3. DRC waves of mission 66 4. BUSA waves of mission 67 5. Relooking Africa’s importance 90 6. Percentage Christian in 1910 116 7. Numbers of Christians in 2012 and the shift of 116 gravity in the 8. Barrett’s stats 121 9. Religion by global adherents, 1910 and 2010 122 10. Religions by continent, 2000 and 2010 123 11. Percentage majority religion by province in 2010 124 12. Jenkin’s stats 1 129 13. Jenkin’s stats 2 129 14. Christian growth by country, 1910- 2010 131 15. Christian growth by country, 2000- 2010 131 16. Majority religion by country, 2050 132 17. Global religious change, 2010- 2050 133 18. Religious adherence and growth, 2010- 2050 135 19. Cole Church 3.0 139 20. Marketplace needs Forgood.co.za 2012 170 21. Largest cities in 1910 180 22.
    [Show full text]
  • City Profile Poverty, Inequality and Violence in Urban India
    Safe and Inclusive Cities Delhi: City Profile Neelima Risbud Poverty, Inequality and Violence in Urban India: Towards Inclusive Planning and Policies Institute for Human Development 2016 3rd Floor, NIDM Building, IIPA Campus M.G Road, New Delhi-110002 Tel: 011-23358166, 011-23321610. Fax: 011-23765410 Email: [email protected]/web: www.ihdindia.org 1 2 CITY PROFILE: DELHI Contents Abstract Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Context of Historic development ...................................................................... 1 2. The NCR and the CNCR Regional context ..................................................... 3 3. The City Profile ................................................................................................ 5 3.1 Demography ............................................................................................... 9 3.2 Education and Health ................................................................................ 10 3.3 Economy, Employment and Poverty in Delhi ............................................ 11 4. Urban Development initiatives .................................................................... 17 4.1 Master Plan policies and Land Policies...................................................................17 4.2 Spatial Segmentation................................................................................ 20 4.3 Housing Scenario .................................................................................... 23 4.4 Designated Slums ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • University of Copenhagen
    Wound, Waste, History Re-reading 1984 Kaur, Ravinder Published in: Economic and Political Weekly Publication date: 2014 Document version Early version, also known as pre-print Citation for published version (APA): Kaur, R. (2014). Wound, Waste, History: Re-reading 1984. Economic and Political Weekly, XLIX(43-44). http://www.epw.in/search/apachesolr_search/Wound%2C%20Waste%2C%20History Download date: 27. sep.. 2021 PERSPECTIVES jump over the small wall. SHO Bhatia Wound, Waste, History was fi ring from the front from the road. My sons were hit by bullets, were Rereading 1984 gasping. Then at about 7-8 am on 2nd November, they came and dragged my sons to a place near Satbir’s house. Ravinder Kaur They were burnt with kerosene. When I ran towards my sons, Nathu Pradhan, Wounds are expected to heal. Our Testimonies Gupta Brahmanand and Ramesh strip- very conception of victims and ped me and raped me. They made me I run naked on the road. Nobody from my victimhood is based on this n 1 November 1984, I went to street gave me a dupatta. I went to A-2 hopeful axiom. But not all serve tea to my father-in-law block to my older sister. I stayed the wounds heal, some remain in a OSardar Moti Singh who resided night there. The military arrived on 3rd constant state of decay, in B-2. I saw that a meeting was being November and evacuated all of us. held in B-2 park. About 150-200 persons – Prem Kaur, widow of late Sardar degenerate, and ultimately risk of our mohalla had gathered there.
    [Show full text]