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Scanned PDF[14.9 Short Training Course Community Water Supply & Environmental Sanitation for IRC Low-Income Urban Communities Content. General information Block 1 : Introduction and problem identification Block 2 : Management of community water supply and sanitation services for urban low-income areas Block 3 : Community-based approaches Block 4 : Developing a strategy Individual papers and collected documentation Lit: . \ Short Training Course Community Water Supply Sc Environmental Sanitation for ERC Low-income Urban Communities General Information Short Training Course Community Water Supply 3c. Environmental Sanitation for IRC Low-[ncome Urban Communities Block 1: Introduction and problem identification Short Training Course Community Water Supply & Environmental Sanitation for Low-Income Urban Communities Session outline 1-1 Subject: Welcome and introduction to the course programme and organization Timing: 9.00 - 10.30 Course staff; Course coordinators and course assistants Objectives: To get acquainted with the course and discuss its purpose and possible result This session will have an informal character. General introductions and explanations will be given. Participants will receive their course file. The cooperation between IHS and IRC will be explained. Background information: Course manual, general information provided by the course organization Short Training Coarse Community Water Supply & Environmental Sanitation for ERC Low-tncome Urban Communities Session outline 1.2 Subject: Individual discussions with course coordinators Timing: 11.00 - 12.30 Course staff: Course coordinators and course assistants Objectives: To discuss the reasons to participate in the course, and to identify subjects of particular interest to each participant. The course coordinators will have a session of about 15 minutes with each participant individually. The expectation of the participants will be discussed. Any point regarding the presentations by the participants (Afternoon sessions) can be raised. Parallel to these discussions the course participants will discuss logistical and practical issues with the course assistants. Background information: Practical information distributed by the course organization, professional briefing documents prepared by the participants. Short Training Course Community Water Supply & Environmental Sanitation for IRC Low-Income Urban Communities Session outline 1.3 Subject: Professional presentations by participants Timing: 13.30 - 17.00 Course staff: Course coordinators Objectives: To get acquainted with the experience available within the groups of participants and the various challenges faced in the area of community water supply and environmental sanitation for low- income urban communities Each participant will make a short presentation. After each presentation there will be opportunity to ask questions and discuss main issues. Participants are stimulated to make use of audio-visual means for presentation. Background information: Papers prepared by participants. Suggested outline sent to participants before the course. Short Training Course Community Water Supply à Environmental Sanitation for IRC Low-income Urban Communities Session outline 1.4 Subject: Introduction to key issues of the course Timing: 9.00-10.30 Course staff: Course coordinators Objectives: To provide an overview of the key issues relating to urban institutions and finance, drinking water supply and sanitation provision and community involvement in an international context. The issues will be presented in a lectures including references to examples and slides of local situations. The imporvement of quality of life is an improtant consideration both in human settlements policies and in the sector policy regarding water supply and sanitation. The basic needs approach was adopted earlier as a developmental strategy. The results of earlier efforts are important, but urban growth is outpacing the increase of services. Unplanned urban growth and other factors hamper water supply and sanitation provision. Urban poor are most affected by these problems. It is vital that innovative strategies are implemented where urban institutions and communities work in partnership. Background information: Hand-out Article Short Training Course Community Water Supply &. Environmental Sanitation for IRC Low-Income Urban Communities Session: 1.4 Subject : Key Issues of Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Provision HANDOUT Key Issues of Urban Water Supply & Sanitation Provision Tuesday, 28 August 1990 General Community water supply and environmental sanitation are aimed at improving the life of human beings in urban settlements. They are considered as one of the basic needs. The UNCHS accepted therefore the following solutions in 1976: "1. The improvement of the quality of life of human beings is the first and most important objective of every human settlement policy. These policies must facilitate the rapid and continuous improvement in the quality of Ufe of all people, beginning with the satisfaction of the basic needs of food, shelter, clean water, employment, health, education, training, social security 2. In striving to achieve this objective, priority must be given to the needs of the most disadvantaged people." The "basic needs' approach is one of the developmental strategies which has gained favour in the last few years. It aims at providing the basic requirements of life to the poorest people by direct investment in these needs and by re-directing resources, monetary and otherwise, to this end. The basic needs approach has been adopted by many developing countries and international agencies e.g. the World Bank. The approach of improving water supply and sanitation is also seen as an economic factor. In Water Supply and Waste Disposal, a paper presented to the Executive Directors of the World Bank in 1980 (as adapted by J.M.Kalbermatten, Senior Advisor, World Bank), the problems of providing water and sanitation in the developing world are set out: " The principal purpose of improving water supply and waste disposal is to help overcome the scourge of debilitating and killing diseases that afflict developing countries to improve their well-being and productivity. Various studies and estimates indicate that in these countries disease typically takes up about a tenth of the average person's potentially productive time and, in addition, affects risk-taking and initiative adversely, disrupts the education and nurture of children, stunts physical development, and causes vast suffering and hardship." Thus, the provision of good quality drinking water in sufficient quantities and the hygienic disposal of waste water and of solid waste are two basic preconditions for achieving a reasonable standard of living, good health and economic progress. These conditions will be satisfied only if there is a reliable supply of water close at hand and effective sanitary facilities. In addition arrangements are required for the disposal of polluted surface waters, household waste water (including excrement) and industrial waste water. In 1970, 35% of the urban population and as much as 87% of the rural population had to make do without a proper water supply. A certain amount of progress had been made by 1980, but 26% of the urban population and 67% of rural inhabitants still lacked safe drinking water, while 50% of urban dwellers and 87% of the rural community had to do without proper sanitary facilities. Apart from the common lack of proper facilities in working order, growing population pressures in both rural and urban areas have meant that existing facilities have become increasingly polluted or inadequate. In the international context, the 80s have shown an extra effort through the International Water & Sanitation Decade. As a stimulus, the International Water Decade has been effective. Notable progress has been made in the water supply and sanitation sectors as a result of large- scale efforts in recent years, most notably in the developing countries themselves, where non- governmental organizations (NGOs) and the national authorities have assigned high priority to these sectors. The large-scale deployment of resources by national governments and substantial efforts on the part of the many NGOs, combined with numerous initiatives by users, have resulted in a particularly rapid increase in the construction of facilities. In financial terms, the developing countries are estimated to have funded two-thirds of the total costs themselves. Recent estimates by the WHO say that 18% of the urban and 37% of the rural population are unserved by water. For sanitation 28% of the urban population and 61% of the rural population is unserved. For the urban population the 80s have brought sanitation to 315 million inhabitants, while 370 million inhabitants have been provided with water. At present, there is a concern of how to sustain and increase the gained momentum, both in the sense of political commitment and finance. At this moment, at least three urban residents out of four have access to safe water services, supplied either by means of house connections or standpipes, and a little over a half have access to adequate sanitation. Another concern is the growing urban poor either by rural-urban migration or by natural growth. The extra efforts made in the past years can hardly cope with the pace of growth. But who are they and how do they live and what is their environmental condition? Urban low-income communities Urban slums are usually located near the centres of large cities, but, recently,
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