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Famous Governors of Multan Under the Sikh Regime in Punjab

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Famous Governors of Multan Under the Sikh Regime in Punjab Review Article Ann Soc Sci Manage Stud Volume 2 Issue 2 - November 2018 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Ahmad Ali DOI: 10.19080/ASM.2018.02.555584 Famous Governors of Multan Under the Sikh Regime in Punjab Ahmad Ali1*, Shahid Hasan Rizvi2, Khizar Hayat3 and Muhammad Akbar4 1Lecturer at Govt. Degree College Mailsi, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 2Chairman Department of History, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 3P.S.T. at G.P.S. Kotla Dilbar, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 4S.S.S. at G.H.S.S 53 M, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Submission: July 21, 2018; Published: November 05, 2018 *Corresponding author: Ahmad Ali, Lecturer at Govt. Degree College Mailsi and PhD Scholar, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Abstract Maharaja Ranjit Singh had numerous Hindu Officials and Courtiers at Lahore Durbar because he needed to utilize their services in civilian setup to grow and build his Kingdom. Undoubtedly, he required to inject the soul of rivalry, chastisement and proficiency in his various officials specifyingand courtiers that so some that ofhe these could were merge unfortunate his place and and would disappointed have the with capacity their topast enlarge services, his Realmso they without could get much any trouble.status, either By utilizing a General them, or ahe clerk, also onproved the ground the secular of legitimacy. scenario of Among his Empire. them, He,following according pioneers to his werenecessities, appointed fully the utilized Governors the competence in Multan ofwhom these played Hindu a Courtiers. vital role Itin will politics, be worth civil as well as military administration, economics, agriculture, irrigation and land revenue etc. Keywords: Ranjit Singh; Sawan Mal; Mulraj; Anglo-Sikh Wars; The British; Dogra Brothers Introduction in 1752. In 1766, the Sikhs and the Afghans fought many battles The land of Multan has been remained the target of insurgent but the most important and decisive adventure occurred in activities of the foreign invaders and dictators. These foreign 1818. During this battle, Ranjit Singh conquered Multan and forces not only exploited its brave, hardworking, fearless and dauntless people but also divided it into pieces. They attracted establishing the Sikh Raj here. The Sikhs, in such a way, looted, the local people with the lust for earning and enrolled them in the killed Muzaffar Khan, the governor of Multan, and succeeded in killed the masses and destroyed Multan that history will not face such kind of destruction and catastrophe. The political their accused enemies. These foreigners belonged to different army because their sole aim was to prepare them for fight against circumstance also stayed extremely melted and geo-political changes frequently occurred so that no unfaltering predominant enjoyed the Muslims rule for three centuries. During this period, religions, civilizations and geographical tracts. Multan has also proprietorship was made. Different Muslim feudal chiefs were it maintained its social, political and religious position till 1707. staunch supporters of the Sikhs, yet this was not satisfactory to Multan was a vital province which was vanquished by Ranjit Singh protect their control in the Punjab. During his regime in Multan, in 1818. He, till the permanent governor of Multan, ordered to Misr Diwan Chand to stay here for proper arrangements. At that one, in prestige and reputation, could reach to Sawan Mal. After time, its condition was far behind from attractive [1]. Individuals he appointed many Governors (Nazims) one after the other but no having been appointed the Governor of Multan, he reconstructed of the city had been lustfully plundered by the Sikh soldiery. The Multan and attended towards his subjects. So, keeping all these occasions, conditions and essentialness of this period as a primary betrayed the town. The silk makers and weavers had stopped their agriculturists had surrendered the fields and the populace had concern, I decided to conduct a research entitled with “Famous activities and the trade was at a halt [2]. During the Sikh period, Governors of Multan under the Sikh Regime in Punjab” the Muslims had to face tyranny and injustice. From 1818 to 1821, Hypothesis/Research Questions many changes occurred in the history of Multan and six Nazim Statement(governors) wereof the appointed Problem in which Sukhdayal was the first [3]. terms. Is it true? a) Personalities exist but it is conceptualized in collective b) Can a system of check and balance serve as a check on began to scatter. At last Ahmad Shah Abdali conquered Multan popular political passions? After the death of Aurangzeb Alamgir, the Mughal Empire Ann Soc Sci Manage Stud 2(2): ASM.MS.ID.555584 (2018) 0043 Annals of Social Sciences & Management studies Significance of The Study After the victory of Kashmir, Jahandad Khan felt that the ball is in his court, so he met Ranjit Singh and consented to surrender the citadel on the condition that he would be given legitimate help changes in the Punjab, especially in Multan, which was dominated The first half of the nineteenth century was a time of radical by the Sikhs. During proposed period, the Muslim rule was on the verge of closure and the new Sikh rulers were attempting to to expel Wazir Fateh Khan from the fort. (Murray, 1846) Ranjit obtain the entire Subcontinent. The present work related to the Singh quickly offered him the Pargna of Wazirabad as a Jagir and Din, Bhawani Das, Mit Singh and Sukhdayal to assume charge of politico-economic lifestyle of the general population of Multan and dispatched his armed forces under the headship of Fakir Aziz-ud- the Attock Fort [11,12]. examine the role of invaders of Multan in promoting or demoting In 1817, Jhang had also granted him at the cost of 400000 the governmental system from 1821 to 1843. Its main aim is to Sikh rule and development and is to highlight the origin and role of Ranjit Singh in history of Multan. This period is momentous 1818, Multan was apprehended, and a huge plunder fell to the Sikh in the historical backdrop of Multan because it was the time rupees and then it was raised to 410000 in 1821 [13]. On June 02, of decay of the Mughal-Afghan reign and the rise of the Sikhs. daily [7]. He attained the Ijara of the Sairat for thirteen lac rupees. troops. Sukhdayal repaired fortress by financing of 3000 rupees They rose as autonomous rulers of the Punjab, including Lahore, Under the Sikhs, the Ijardari framework was not limited to the Multan, Peshawar and Kashmir, by dint of their own arms and lands. Truly, taxes or Sairat other than the land revenue were also forecasted to build up a jurisdiction under Ranjit Singh. Multan given in Ijara to imperative and liable authorities of the State [7]. stayed under Muslim power for about eight centuries, however, However, in Kashmir and Multan, Ijara could be substitute with disappointingly, no steady and secured control could build up here direct accumulation. The magnitude of revenue, gathered through and the populace, remained destitute, offensive and backward in of the Ijara was close to the quantity of the revenue on behalf of Ijara, seemed to have been significant. In many areas, the quantity the Government. The Ijaradar was given a little edge to meet the Literatureperspective ofReview socio-political and financial conditions. After the fold of the Mughal Empire, the bigger part of the Mushakhasa was also enforced in the light of records of collections. Punjab was again attached to the Sikh kingdom. This work has a costs, regarding the collection, to get his share of benefit. Yet, the multidimensional structure in which local history, the attitude of was raised too. Before giving a region in Ijara, the Maharaja got If the income of a specific region expanded, the revenue of Ijara trespassers towards people of Multan, traditions and its reaction the right data with respect to the wage from the revenue of that has been covered. History of the Sikh rule in Multan indicates region. By commenting on Sukhdayal, the Maharaja mentioned its hostility and, a long time ago, settled custom of communal that he was an extremely valour and brave man, so he, for his bitterness. Local historians have also observed all the disparities preservation, granted him a home of 10000 rupees [11,12]. As I and profound religious resentment in pre-colonial Punjab. For instance, the general population of Multan can be seen in the not gather revenue competently and the Maharaja detached him described that he received 36000 rupees per annum, yet he could shape of three groups: the Muslims, the Hindus and the Sikhs, yet on the charges of misuse of State duties in September 1819 [14]. there was not a single parameter in native historian’s works by The Suba was then handed over to Sham Singh for a yearly sum of which we could separate the general population of Multan into 650000 rupees. belief, religion, occupation and tribe. The second governor of Multan was Sham Singh. During the social gatherings. The criteria, they utilized, ranged from sectarian Sikh Kingdom, mostly Ijaradars related to the Government and Other than this, the formation of local identity draws out the Sham Singh Peshawaria as well as Diwan Sawan Mal were also design of regional contrasts. Local history is productive for local regarded as colossal Ijaradars. The Zamindars could submit studies. It, more extensively, highlights the regional conditions as grievances against the Ijaradars before the Maharaja. Furthermore, well as present angle of dream to look at challenging situations. the Ijaradars could protest the imperiousness of the high-ups Furthermore, the regional history, when a locality has more extensive part to play in its geographic situation, becomes of the Government officials and their cultivators [12].
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