Derajat 3206 Inauguration & Founders How the Lodge Was Formed?
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4298 Supplement to Thelondon Gazette. 14 June
4298 SUPPLEMENT TO THE LONDON GAZETTE. 14 JUNE, 1912. To be Ordinary Members of the Military Birthday, to give orders for the following pro- .Division of the Third Class, or 'Companions, of motions, inj 'and appointments to, the Most tthe said Most Honourable Order: — Honourabl. .• i e Order of the Bath: — Major-General George Frederick Gorringe, To. be • Ordinary Members of the Civil Divi- C.M.G., D.S.O., Brigade. Commander, sion of Second Class, or Knights Commanders, Bombay Brigade. of the said Most Honourable Order: — .Surgeon-General William Babtie, V.C., C.M.G., Deputy Director-General, Army Frederic George Kenyon, Esq., C.B., D.Litt. Medical Service. William Gibbons, Esq., C.B. '.Colonel (temporary Brigadier-General) Henry James Gibson, Esq., C.B. Lionel Herbert, C.V.O., Indian Army, Brigade Commander, Rangoon Brigade. To be Ordinary Members of the Civil Divi- •'Colonel (temporary Brigadier-General) sion of the Third Class, or Companions, of the Henry Peregrine Leader, Brigade Com- said Most Honourable Order : — mander, Sialkot Brigade. / , John Webster Cawston, Esq. -Colonel Edward Hume Armitage, Colonel in Frederick John Dryhurst, Esq. charge of Records, Royal Horse and Royal Field Artillery. Edmund Waterton Farnall, Esq. •Colonel Herbert Edward Watts, Command- Edmund Gosse, Esq., LL.D. ing No. 9 District, Eastern Command. Captain Maurice Pascal Alers Hankey, •Colonel Gerald James Cuthbert, Command- Royal Marine Artillery. ing Scots Guards and Regimental District. William Vesey Harrel, Esq., M.V.O. •Colonel Felix Frederic Hill, D.S.O., Com- Louis John Hewby, Esq. manding No. 11. District, Irish Command. Walter Tapper Jerred, Esq. -
The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a Historical Sketch George Passman Tate
University of Nebraska Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Books in English Digitized Books 1-1-1911 The kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch George Passman Tate Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/afghanuno Part of the History Commons, and the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Tate, George Passman The kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch, with an introductory note by Sir Henry Mortimer Durand. Bombay: "Times of India" Offices, 1911. 224 p., maps This Monograph is brought to you for free and open access by the Digitized Books at DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Books in English by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tate, G,P. The kfn&ean sf Af&mistan, DATE DUE I Mil 7 (7'8 DEDICATED, BY PERMISSION, HIS EXCELLENCY BARON HARDINGE OF PENSHURST. VICEROY AND GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA, .a- . (/. BY m HIS OBEDIENT, SERVANT THE AUTHOR. il.IEmtev 01 the Asiniic Society, Be?zg-nl, S?~rueyof I~din. dafhor of 'I Seisinqz : A Menzoir on the FJisio~y,Topo~rcrphj~, A7zliquiiies, (112d Peo$Ie of the Cozi?zt~y''; The F/.o?zlic7,.~ of Baluchisia'nn : Travels on ihe Border.? of Pe~szk n?zd Akhnnistnn " ; " ICalnf : A lMe??zoir on t7ze Cozl7~try and Fnrrzily of the Ahntadsai Khn7zs of Iinlnt" ; 4 ec. \ViTkI AN INrPR<dl>kJCTOl2Y NO'FE PRINTED BY BENNETT COLEMAN & Co., Xc. PUBLISHED AT THE " TIMES OF INDIA" OFFTCES, BOMBAY & C.1LCUTT-4, LONDON AGENCY : gg, SI-IOE LANE, E.C. -
Report of the Special Committee to Review Historical Inequalities in Commemoration
Report of the Special Committee to Review Historical Inequalities in Commemoration Commonwealth War Graves Commission; Steinbach, Daniel Publication date: 2021 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Commonwealth War Graves Commission, & Steinbach, D. (2021). Report of the Special Committee to Review Historical Inequalities in Commemoration. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Download date: 27. sep.. 2021 REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE TO REVIEW HISTORICAL INEQUALITIES IN COMMEMORATION MAIDENHEAD ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED BY THE COMMONWEALTH WAR GRAVES COMMISSION. 2021. REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE TO REVIEW HISTORICAL INEQUALITIES IN COMMEMORATION First published in Great Britain in 2021 by The Commonwealth War Graves Commission 2 Marlow Road, Maidenhead, SL6 7DX www.cwgc.org Copyright Commonwealth War Graves Commission 2021 Digital ISBN [978-0-9565074-1-9] Print ISBN [978-0-9565074-2-6] 2 REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE TO REVIEW HISTORICAL INEQUALITIES IN COMMEMORATION COMMITTEE MEMBERS COMMITTEE MEMBERS Committee Chair Sir Tim Hitchens KCVO CMG Researched, compiled and written by Dr George Hay Dr John Burke Committee Members Professor Michèle Barrett Shrabani Basu Selena Carty Blondel Cluff CBE Professor Mark Connelly Terry Denham Amandeep Madra OBE Edward Paice Trevor Phillips OBE Dr Gavin Rand Dr Anne Samson Dr Kevin Searle Dr Daniel Steinbach Dr Nicholas Westcott CMG 3 REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE TO REVIEW HISTORICAL INEQUALITIES IN COMMEMORATION In December 2019, the Commissioners of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) elected to appoint a committee of independent experts and community representatives with the following remit: • To analyse the historical actions of the CWGC within a global context to identify and, wherever possible, correct any gaps in commemoration. -
The British Advent in Balochistan
The British Advent in Balochistan Javed Haider Syed ∗∗∗ An Abstract On the eve of the British advent, the social and economic infrastructure of Balochistan represented almost all characteristics of a desert society, such as isolation, group feeling, chivalry, hospitality, tribal enmity and animal husbandry. There was hardly any area in Balochistan that could be considered an urban settlement. Even the capital of the state of Kalat looked like a conglomeration of mud dwellings with the only royal residence emerging as a symbol of status and power. In terms of social relations, economic institutions, and politics, society demonstrated almost every aspect of tribalism in every walk of life. This paper, therefore, presents a historical survey of the involvement of Balochistan in the power politics of various empire- builders. In particular, those circumstances and factors have been examined that brought the British to Balochistan. The First Afghan War was fought apparently to send a message to Moscow that the British would not tolerate any Russian advances towards their Indian empire. To what extent the Russian threat, or for that matter, the earlier French threat under Napoleon, were real or imagined, is also covered in this paper. A holistic account of British advent in Balochistan must begin with “The Great Game” in which Russia, France, and England, were involved. Since the time of Peter the Great (1672-1725), the Russians were desperately looking for access to warm waters. The Dardanelles were guarded by Turkey. After many abortive attempts, Russians concentrated on the Central Asian steppes in order to find a route to the Persian Gulf as well as the Indian Ocean. -
Buffer Zone, Colonial Enclave, Or Urban Hub?
Working Paper no. 69 - Cities and Fragile States - BUFFER ZONE, COLONIAL ENCLAVE OR URBAN HUB? QUETTA :BETWEEN FOUR REGIONS AND TWO WARS Haris Gazdar, Sobia Ahmad Kaker, Irfan Khan Collective for Social Science Research February 2010 Crisis States Working Papers Series No.2 ISSN 1749-1797 (print) ISSN 1749-1800 (online) Copyright © H. Gazdar, S. Ahmad Kaker, I. Khan, 2010 24 Crisis States Working Paper Buffer Zone, Colonial Enclave or Urban Hub? Quetta: Between Four Regions and Two Wars Haris Gazdar, Sobia Ahmad Kaker and Irfan Khan Collective for Social Science Research, Karachi, Pakistan Quetta is a city with many identities. It is the provincial capital and the main urban centre of Balochistan, the largest but least populous of Pakistan’s four provinces. Since around 2003, Balochistan’s uneasy relationship with the federal state has been manifested in the form of an insurgency in the ethnic Baloch areas of the province. Within Balochistan, Quetta is the main shared space as well as a point of rivalry between the two dominant ethnic groups of the province: the Baloch and the Pashtun.1 Quite separately from the internal politics of Balochistan, Quetta has acquired global significance as an alleged logistic base for both sides in the war in Afghanistan. This paper seeks to examine different facets of Quetta – buffer zone, colonial enclave and urban hub − in order to understand the city’s significance for state building in Pakistan. State-building policy literature defines well functioning states as those that provide security for their citizens, protect property rights and provide public goods. States are also instruments of repression and the state-building process is often wrought with conflict and the violent suppression of rival ethnic and religious identities, and the imposition of extractive economic arrangements (Jones and Chandaran 2008). -
Balochistan Economic Report Background Paper on Social Structures and Migration
First Draft - Do Not Cite TA4757-PAK: BALOCHISTAN ECONOMIC REPORT Balochistan Economic Report Background Paper on Social Structures and Migration Haris Gazdar 28 February 2007 Collective for Social Science Research 173-I Block 2, PECHS, Karachi 75400, Pakistan [email protected] The author gratefully acknowledges research assistance provided by Azmat Ali Budhani, Sohail Javed, Hussain Bux Mallah, and Noorulain Masood. Irfan Khan provided guidance with resource material and advised on historical references. Introduction Compared with other provinces of Pakistan, and Pakistan taken as a whole, Balochistan’s economic and social development appears to face particularly daunting challenges. The province starts from a relatively low level – in terms of social achievements such as health, education and gender equity indicators, economic development and physical infrastructure. The fact that Balochistan covers nearly half of the land area of Pakistan while accounting for only a twentieth of the country’s population is a stark enough reminder that any understanding of the province’s economic and social development will need to pay attention to its geographical and demographic peculiarities. Indeed, remoteness, environmental fragility and geographical diversity might be viewed as defining the context of development in the province. But interestingly, Balochistan’s geography might also be its main economic resource. The low population density implies that the province enjoys a potentially high value of natural resources per person. The forbidding topography is home to rich mineral deposits – some of which have been explored and exploited while yet others remain to be put to economic use. The land mass of the province endows Pakistan with a strategic space that might shorten trade and travel costs between emerging economic regions. -
Socio-Political Study of District Dera Ghazi Khan 1988-1999 Submitted By
Socio-Political Study of District Dera Ghazi Khan 1988-1999 Session (2015-2017) Submitted By: Abdul Majeed Submitted to: Dr. Akbar Malik Roll No: 15 Class: M.Phil. Pakistan Studies Department of Pak Studies The Islamia University of Bahwalpur i Socio-Political Study of District Dera Ghazi Khan 1988-1999 Table of Contents Sr.No. Page No. Dedication II Statement &Declaration III Certificate IV Acknowledgment V Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Chapter 1 : 10 Hstorical Background of District D. G. Khan 1.1 Hostory of Dera Gahzi Khan. 1.1 Tehsil D. G. Khan 1.2 Tehsil Taunsa 1.3 Tribal Area 1.4 Kot Chuuta Chapter 2 : 30 Social Study of District D. G. Khan 2.1 Rural Area 2.2 Tribal Structure 2.3 Customary Practices vii 2.4 Historical and Tourist places Chapter 3 : 56 Political Parties and Politics of D. G. Khan (1988-1999) 3.1 Prominent Political Parties 3.2 The nature of National and Provincial Constituencies 3.2 Electoral History and Politics 3.3 Activities of Local Government (1988-1999) 3.3 Element affecting the Electoral Politics Chapter 4 : 86 Political Families and Personalities of D.G. Khan and their Impact (1988-1999) 4.1 Political families of District D. G. Khan 4.1.1 Mazari 4.1.2 Khosa 4.1.3 The Leghari's 4.1.4 Gorchani 4.2 Political Impact of Personalities Conclusion 101 Appendix 108 Bibliography 117 viii Abstract This research deals with the facts, regarding to socio-political growth and development in D. G. Khan from 1988 to 1999. -
The Socio-Educational Scenario of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in the Early Decade of the 20Th Century
THE SOCIO-EDUCATIONAL SCENARIO OF THE KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, IN THE EARLY DECADE OF THE 20TH CENTURY Muhammad Sohail Khan Abstract The paper explores the socio-educational scenario of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, then N.W.F.P during British rule, and explains how wretchedly this province was treated in education. Before its establishment in 1901, being part of the Punjab province, the five districts that are Peshawar, Hazara, Dera Ismail Khan, Kohat and Bannu were the most backward amongst 31 districts. Similarly, the province was the last in education amongst all provinces of the India.Pashtuns, were ignored in education by the Britishers, due to their geo- strategic location. It was the gateway of the invasions, so there must have been no or low resistance in the strategic way of it, which needed illiterate subordinates. Their energies were diverted towards other social multiplicities, detached them from trade, commerce, business and decision making stakeholder ship. Several primary schools in the province were offered to be established after successful participation of the villagers in the World War 1. Key words: Socio-educational, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 20th Century Introduction The Indian North-West Frontier region was faced with multifaceted issues, including social and educational during the 19th Century.1 The British annexation of the Punjab, in 1849, brought them in direct contact with the inhabitants of Pashtun land. For this region, they Assistant Professor Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 128 devised rather revised their policy and initiated the concept of Tribal and Settled areas with their sole objective to serve their ulterior motive of civilizing this uncivilized race. -
1 TRIBE and STATE in WAZIRISTAN 1849-1883 Hugh Beattie Thesis
1 TRIBE AND STATE IN WAZIRISTAN 1849-1883 Hugh Beattie Thesis presented for PhD degree at the University of London School of Oriental and African Studies 1997 ProQuest Number: 10673067 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10673067 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 2 ABSTRACT The thesis begins by describing the socio-political and economic organisation of the tribes of Waziristan in the mid-nineteenth century, as well as aspects of their culture, attention being drawn to their egalitarian ethos and the importance of tarburwali, rivalry between patrilateral parallel cousins. It goes on to examine relations between the tribes and the British authorities in the first thirty years after the annexation of the Punjab. Along the south Waziristan border, Mahsud raiding was increasingly regarded as a problem, and the ways in which the British tried to deal with this are explored; in the 1870s indirect subsidies, and the imposition of ‘tribal responsibility’ are seen to have improved the position, but divisions within the tribe and the tensions created by the Second Anglo- Afghan War led to a tribal army burning Tank in 1879. -
Balochis of Pakistan: on the Margins of History
BALOCHIS OF PAKISTAN: ON THE MARGINS OF HISTORY November 2006 First published in 2006 by The Foreign Policy Centre 23-28 Penn Street London N1 5DL www.fpc.org.uk Email: [email protected] © Foreign Policy Centre 2006 All rights reserved ISBN-13: 978-1-905833-08-5 ISBN-10: 1-905833-08-3 PREFACE The Foreign Policy Centre is keen to promote debate about some of the worlds lesser known conflicts. The situation in Balochistan is one such example. This pamphlet sets out a powerful and well argued case that the Balochi people have been let down - by the British Empire, by the founders of modern India and by successive Governments in Pakistan. It is a fascinating analysis which we hope will contribute to constructive discussion about Balochistans future. The Foreign Policy Centre Disclaimer : The views in this paper are not necessarily those of the Foreign Policy Centre. CONTENTS Baloch and Balochistan through History A Brief Prologue The Khanate of Kalat: Between Dependency and Sovereignty The Colonial Era: The British Policy of Divide et Empera Boundary Demarcation and Trifurcation of Baloch Terrain Pakistan absorbs the Khanate Partition and the Annexation of Balochistan The Indian Position Baloch Insurgencies 1948-1977 First Guerrilla Revolt The Second Revolt Third Balochi Resistance: The 1970s The State of Nationalist Politics Today Signifiers of Balochi Nationalism a) Language b) Islam c) Sardari System d) Aversion towards Punjabi and Pathan Immigration The Post-1980 Phase The Contemporary Socio-Political Scenario in Balochistan Influence of Jihad in Afghanistan Does Islam blunt Baloch nationalism? The Baloch Resistance Movement 2000-2006 The state of Baloch Insurgency Human Rights Violations Killing of Nawab Bugti Causes of Baloch Disaffection a) Richest in Resources, Yet the Poorest Province b) Lack of Representation c) The case for Autonomy d) Development as Colonisation The Future The Weaknesses The Road Ahead Endnotes ABSTRACT The Balochis, like the Kurds, their cousins from Aleppo, do not have a sovereign state of their own. -
British Intelligence Files on Afghanistan and Its Frontiers, C
Finding Aid British Intelligence Files on Afghanistan and its Frontiers, c. 1888-1946 Published by IDC Publishers, 2003 • Descriptive Summary Creator: India Office Library and Records. Title: British Intelligence Files on Afghanistan and its Frontiers Dates (inclusive): 1888-1946 Dates (bulk): 1906-1941 Abstract: Military and political intelligence on Afghanistan and its frontiers. Languages: Language of materials: English, with a few items in other (also local) languages. Extent: 410 microfiches; 193 files on 37,200 pages. Ordernumber: BIA-1 - BIA-9 • Location of Originals Filmed from the originals held by: British Library, Oriental & India Office Collections (OIOC). • Biography / history note The defence of the North-West Frontier of British India and the status of Afghanistan in the face of real or imagined Russian threats were dominant themes in the political and military strategies of British India for more than a hundred years, beginning with the First Afghan War intervention of 1838-42, when the British frontier had not actually reached Afghanistan. Strategic planning and policy formulation required information – intelligence on the terrain, communications, resources, internal politics, tribal groupings, rivalries, and personalities – to provide both ‘background’ for political relations and practical ‘know-how’ for possible military operations. Before 1922 there was no direct Government of India diplomatic or political representation inside Afghanistan, apart from disastrous attempts to station Residents at Kabul in 1838-42 and 1878-80, while the government in London did not consider Afghanistan to be a nation of a status requiring a diplomatic mission. Between 1882 and 1919, however, a succession of Indian Muslim Agents were posted to Kabul from India, and after the Third Afghan War of 1919-21 full diplomatic relations were finally established. -
Famous Governors of Multan Under the Sikh Regime in Punjab
Review Article Ann Soc Sci Manage Stud Volume 2 Issue 2 - November 2018 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Ahmad Ali DOI: 10.19080/ASM.2018.02.555584 Famous Governors of Multan Under the Sikh Regime in Punjab Ahmad Ali1*, Shahid Hasan Rizvi2, Khizar Hayat3 and Muhammad Akbar4 1Lecturer at Govt. Degree College Mailsi, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 2Chairman Department of History, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 3P.S.T. at G.P.S. Kotla Dilbar, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 4S.S.S. at G.H.S.S 53 M, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Submission: July 21, 2018; Published: November 05, 2018 *Corresponding author: Ahmad Ali, Lecturer at Govt. Degree College Mailsi and PhD Scholar, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Abstract Maharaja Ranjit Singh had numerous Hindu Officials and Courtiers at Lahore Durbar because he needed to utilize their services in civilian setup to grow and build his Kingdom. Undoubtedly, he required to inject the soul of rivalry, chastisement and proficiency in his various officials specifyingand courtiers that so some that ofhe these could were merge unfortunate his place and and would disappointed have the with capacity their topast enlarge services, his Realmso they without could get much any trouble.status, either By utilizing a General them, or ahe clerk, also onproved the ground the secular of legitimacy. scenario of Among his Empire. them, He,following according pioneers to his werenecessities, appointed fully the utilized Governors the competence in Multan ofwhom these played Hindu a Courtiers. vital role Itin will politics, be worth civil as well as military administration, economics, agriculture, irrigation and land revenue etc.