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Biology and Management of the Dutch Elm Disease Vector, Hylurgopinus Rufipes Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Manitoba By
Biology and Management of the Dutch Elm Disease Vector, Hylurgopinus rufipes Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Manitoba by Sunday Oghiakhe A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Entomology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright © 2014 Sunday Oghiakhe Abstract Hylurgopinus rufipes, the native elm bark beetle (NEBB), is the major vector of Dutch elm disease (DED) in Manitoba. Dissections of American elms (Ulmus americana), in the same year as DED symptoms appeared in them, showed that NEBB constructed brood galleries in which a generation completed development, and adult NEBB carrying DED spores would probably leave the newly-symptomatic trees. Rapid removal of freshly diseased trees, completed by mid-August, will prevent spore-bearing NEBB emergence, and is recommended. The relationship between presence of NEBB in stained branch sections and the total number of NEEB per tree could be the basis for methods to prioritize trees for rapid removal. Numbers and densities of overwintering NEBB in elm trees decreased with increasing height, with >70% of the population overwintering above ground doing so in the basal 15 cm. Substantial numbers of NEBB overwinter below the soil surface, and could be unaffected by basal spraying. Mark-recapture studies showed that frequency of spore bearing by overwintering beetles averaged 45% for the wild population and 2% for marked NEBB released from disease-free logs. Most NEBB overwintered close to their emergence site, but some traveled ≥4.8 km before wintering. Studies comparing efficacy of insecticides showed that chlorpyrifos gave 100% control of overwintering NEBB for two years as did bifenthrin: however, permethrin and carbaryl provided transient efficacy. -
Effectiveness of Pheromone Mating Disruption for the Ponderosa
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Christine G. Niwa for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomologypresented on October 24, 1988 Title: Effectiveness of Pheromone Mating Disruption for the Ponderosa Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia zozana (Kearfott) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and its Influence on the Associated Parasite Complex Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy ____(Garyy,w;Aterman Redacted for Privacy Tim DSchowalter The importance of pheromones in insect control relies both on their ability to reduce pest populations and on their relatively benign effects on nontarget organisms.This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of a pheromone application for mating disruption of the ponderosa pine tip moth, Rhyacionia zozana (Kearfott), and to determine if this treatment had any affect on the abundance or structure of the associated parasite complex. Chemical analyses, electroantennograms, and field bioassays showed that the most abundant pheromone component for R. zozana was E-9-dodecenyl acetate with a lesser amount of E-9-dodecenol also present. Acetate/alcohol ratios averaged 70:30 in gland washes; male moths were most attracted to sticky traps with synthetic baits containing ratios ranging from 70:30 to 95:5. Sixteen hymenopteran and one dipteran species of parasites were recovered from R. zozana larvae and pupae collected in Calif. and Oreg. Total percentage parasitism was high, averaging 47.2%. The ichneumonid, Glypta zozanae Walley and Barron, was the most abundant parasite, attacking over 30% of the hosts collected. Mastrus aciculatus (Provancher) was second in abundance, accounting for less than 4% parasitism. Hercon laminated-tape dispensers containing synthetic sex pheromone (a 95:5 mixture of E-9-dodecenyl acetate and E-9-dodecenol) were manually applied on 57 ha of ponderosa pine plantations in southern Oreg. -
Dutch Elm Disease Pathogen Transmission by the Banded Elm Bark Beetle Scolytus Schevyrewi
For. Path. 43 (2013) 232–237 doi: 10.1111/efp.12023 © 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH Dutch elm disease pathogen transmission by the banded elm bark beetle Scolytus schevyrewi By W. R. Jacobi1,3, R. D. Koski1 and J. F. Negron2 1Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; 2U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest Research Station, Fort Collins, CO USA; 3E-mail: [email protected] (for correspondence) Summary Dutch Elm Disease (DED) is a vascular wilt disease of Ulmus species (elms) incited in North America primarily by the exotic fungus Ophios- toma novo-ulmi. The pathogen is transmitted via root grafts and elm bark beetle vectors, including the native North American elm bark beetle, Hylurgopinus rufipes and the exotic smaller European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus. The banded elm bark beetle, Scolytus schevyrewi, is an exotic Asian bark beetle that is now apparently the dominant elm bark beetle in the Rocky Mountain region of the USA. It is not known if S. schevyrewi will have an equivalent vector competence or if management recommendations need to be updated. Thus the study objectives were to: (i) determine the type and size of wounds made by adult S. schevyrewi on branches of Ulmus americana and (ii) determine if adult S. schevyrewi can transfer the pathogen to American elms during maturation feeding. To determine the DED vectoring capability of S. schevyrewi, newly emerged adults were infested with spores of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and then placed with either in-vivo or in-vitro branches of American elm trees. -
Morphology, Taxonomy, and Biology of Larval Scarabaeoidea
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/morphologytaxono12haye ' / ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Volume XII PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS *, URBANA, ILLINOIS I EDITORIAL COMMITTEE John Theodore Buchholz Fred Wilbur Tanner Charles Zeleny, Chairman S70.S~ XLL '• / IL cop TABLE OF CONTENTS Nos. Pages 1. Morphological Studies of the Genus Cercospora. By Wilhelm Gerhard Solheim 1 2. Morphology, Taxonomy, and Biology of Larval Scarabaeoidea. By William Patrick Hayes 85 3. Sawflies of the Sub-family Dolerinae of America North of Mexico. By Herbert H. Ross 205 4. A Study of Fresh-water Plankton Communities. By Samuel Eddy 321 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Vol. XII April, 1929 No. 2 Editorial Committee Stephen Alfred Forbes Fred Wilbur Tanner Henry Baldwin Ward Published by the University of Illinois under the auspices of the graduate school Distributed June 18. 1930 MORPHOLOGY, TAXONOMY, AND BIOLOGY OF LARVAL SCARABAEOIDEA WITH FIFTEEN PLATES BY WILLIAM PATRICK HAYES Associate Professor of Entomology in the University of Illinois Contribution No. 137 from the Entomological Laboratories of the University of Illinois . T U .V- TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 Introduction Q Economic importance Historical review 11 Taxonomic literature 12 Biological and ecological literature Materials and methods 1%i Acknowledgments Morphology ]* 1 ' The head and its appendages Antennae. 18 Clypeus and labrum ™ 22 EpipharynxEpipharyru Mandibles. Maxillae 37 Hypopharynx <w Labium 40 Thorax and abdomen 40 Segmentation « 41 Setation Radula 41 42 Legs £ Spiracles 43 Anal orifice 44 Organs of stridulation 47 Postembryonic development and biology of the Scarabaeidae Eggs f*' Oviposition preferences 48 Description and length of egg stage 48 Egg burster and hatching Larval development Molting 50 Postembryonic changes ^4 54 Food habits 58 Relative abundance. -
GIS Handbook Appendices
Aerial Survey GIS Handbook Appendix D Revised 11/19/2007 Appendix D Cooperating Agency Codes The following table lists the aerial survey cooperating agencies and codes to be used in the agency1, agency2, agency3 fields of the flown/not flown coverages. The contents of this list is available in digital form (.dbf) at the following website: http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/publications/id/id_guidelines.html 28 Aerial Survey GIS Handbook Appendix D Revised 11/19/2007 Code Agency Name AFC Alabama Forestry Commission ADNR Alaska Department of Natural Resources AZFH Arizona Forest Health Program, University of Arizona AZS Arizona State Land Department ARFC Arkansas Forestry Commission CDF California Department of Forestry CSFS Colorado State Forest Service CTAES Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station DEDA Delaware Department of Agriculture FDOF Florida Division of Forestry FTA Fort Apache Indian Reservation GFC Georgia Forestry Commission HOA Hopi Indian Reservation IDL Idaho Department of Lands INDNR Indiana Department of Natural Resources IADNR Iowa Department of Natural Resources KDF Kentucky Division of Forestry LDAF Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry MEFS Maine Forest Service MDDA Maryland Department of Agriculture MADCR Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation MIDNR Michigan Department of Natural Resources MNDNR Minnesota Department of Natural Resources MFC Mississippi Forestry Commission MODC Missouri Department of Conservation NAO Navajo Area Indian Reservation NDCNR Nevada Department of Conservation -
Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States 2000
United States Department Forest Insect and Of Agriculture Forest Service Disease Conditions Forest Health Protection in the United States March 2002 2000 Healthy Forests Make A World of Difference United States Department Of Agriculture Forest Insect and Forest Service Disease Conditions Forest Health Protection in the United States March 2002 2000 PREFACE This is the 50th annual report prepared by the U.S. • seed orchard insects and diseases; Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USDA • nursery insects and diseases; and Forest Service) of the insect and disease conditions of • abiotic damage. the Nation's forests. This report responds to direction in the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978, as These categories are listed in the table of contents; amended, to conduct surveys and report annually on there is no index. insect and disease conditions of major national significance. Insect and disease conditions of local The information in this report is provided by the Forest importance are reported in regional and State reports. Health Protection Program of the USDA Forest Service. This program serves all Federal lands, The report describes the extent and nature of insect- including the National Forest System and the lands and disease-caused damage of national significance in administered by the Departments of Defense and 2000. As in the past, selected insect and disease Interior. Service is also provided to tribal lands. The conditions are highlighted in the front section of the program provides assistance to private landowners report. Maps are provided for some pests showing through the State foresters. A key part of the program affected counties in the East and affected areas in the is detecting and reporting insect and disease epidemics West. -
Korscheltellus Gracilis, a Root Feeder Associated with Spruce-Fir Decline William E
BIOECOLOGY OF THE CONIFER SWIFT MOTH, KORSCHELTELLUS GRACILIS, A ROOT FEEDER ASSOCIATED WITH SPRUCE-FIR DECLINE WILLIAM E. WALLNER1 DAVID L. WAGNER2 BRUCE L. PARKER3 and DONALD R. TOB13 'USDA Forest Service Northeastern Forest Experiment Station 51 Mill Pond Road Hamden, CT 06514 U.S.A. 2~niversityof Connecticut Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Storrs, CT 06268 U.S.A. 3~niversityof Vermont Department of Plant and Soil Science Burlington, VT 05401 U.S.A. INTRODUCTION During the past two decades, the decline of red spruce, Picea nrbens Sargent, and balsam fir, Abies bahamea (L), at high elevations (900-1200 m) in eastern North America has evoked concern about the effects of anthropogenic deposition upon terrestrial ecosystems. In many high-elevation forests across New England, as many as 50 percent of the standing red spruce are dead (Hertel et al. 1987). Wood cores indicate that growth has been severely curtailed since the 1960s (Hornbeck and Smith 19s). Although acid rain is most commonly invoked as the principal causal agent of this decline, there is yet little hard evidence to support this claim (Johnson and Siccama 1983, Pitelka and Rayno1 1989). A wide array of anthropogenic pollutants in combination with natural stress factors are probably involved. Above-ground portions of declining trees appear relatively pest free, and SO do the roots except for observations of a few soil-inhabiting arthropods. The most prevalent among those few was a subterranean lepidopteran polyphage, Korscheltelhcs gracilis Grote, found to be extremely abundant in these declining forests (Tobi et al. 1989, Wagner et al. -
Field Bioassays of Synthetic Pheromones and Host Monoterpenes for Conophthorus Coniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
PHYSIOLXICAL AND CHEMICAL ECOLOGY Field Bioassays of Synthetic Pheromones and Host Monoterpenes for Conophthorus coniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) PETER DE GROOT,’ GART L. DEBARR,3 AND GORAN BIRGERSSON’,* Environ. Entomol. Z(2): 38-W (1998) ABSTRACT Four major monoterpenes, (i-)-cu-pinene, 1 (S)-( -)-/3-pinene, (R)-( t )-limonene, and myrcene are found in the cones of eastern white pines, Pinusstrobus L. Mixtures ofthese, as well as. u-pinene or P-pinene alone. increased catches of male white pine cone beetles, Conophthorus coniperda (Schwartz). in traps baited xvith the female sex pheromone, ( z)-trans-pityol. The mono- terpenes by themsekes as mistures or individually (a-pinene, /3-pinene) were not attractants for males or females. Traps baited with I r )-tram-pityol and wpinene caught as many, or significantly more beetles than those baited with pity01 and a four monoterpene mixture (1:l:l:l) used in seed orch‘ards in North Carolina, Ohio. and Virginia. Three beetle-produced compounds, conophthorin, tram-pinocarveol. and myrtenol did not enhance catches of males or females in ( z)-trans-pityol- baited traps. Racemic E-(k)- conophthorin. E-( -)- conophthorin, and E-( +)- conophthorin sig- nificantly reduced catches of males in traps baited with ( -c)-tran.s-pityol alone. Female C. coniperda were not attracted to any ofthe host- or beetle-produced compounds tested. The study demonstrated that traps \vith baits releasing (z)-t,ans-pityol at about lmgiwk with ( z)-a-pinene (98%pure) are potentially valuable tools for C conipwda pest management. Baited traps can be used to monitor C. cmipwdn populations or possibl>. to reduce seed losses in a beetle trap-out control strategy. -
Bionomics of Bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)
ANRV363-EN54-11 ARI 27 August 2008 20:44 V I E E W R S I E N C N A D V A Bionomics of Bagworms ∗ (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) Marc Rhainds,1 Donald R. Davis,2 and Peter W. Price3 1Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47901; email: [email protected] 2Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., 20013-7012; email: [email protected] 3Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011-5640; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2009. 54:209–26 Key Words The Annual Review of Entomology is online at bottom-up effects, flightlessness, mating failure, parthenogeny, ento.annualreviews.org phylogenetic constraint hypothesis, protogyny This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090448 Abstract Copyright c 2009 by Annual Reviews. The bagworm family (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) includes approximately All rights reserved 1000 species, all of which complete larval development within a self- 0066-4170/09/0107-0209$20.00 enclosing bag. The family is remarkable in that female aptery occurs in ∗The U.S. Government has the right to retain a over half of the known species and within 9 of the 10 currently recog- nonexclusive, royalty-free license in and to any nized subfamilies. In the more derived subfamilies, several life-history copyright covering this paper. traits are associated with eruptive population dynamics, e.g., neoteny of females, high fecundity, dispersal on silken threads, and high level of polyphagy. Other salient features shared by many species include a short embryonic period, developmental synchrony, sexual segrega- tion of pupation sites, short longevity of adults, male-biased sex ratio, sexual dimorphism, protogyny, parthenogenesis, and oviposition in the pupal case. -
Section 2. Jack Pine (Pinus Banksiana)
SECTION 2. JACK PINE - 57 Section 2. Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) 1. Taxonomy and use 1.1. Taxonomy The largest genus in the family Pinaceae, Pinus L., which consists of about 110 pine species, occurs naturally through much of the Northern Hemisphere, from the far north to the cooler montane tropics (Peterson, 1980; Richardson, 1998). Two subgenera are usually recognised: hard pines (generally with much resin, wood close-grained, sheath of a leaf fascicle persistent, two fibrovascular bundles per needle — the diploxylon pines); and soft, or white pines (generally little resin, wood coarse-grained, sheath sheds early, one fibrovascular bundle in a needle — the haploxylon pines). These subgenera are called respectively subg. Pinus and subg. Strobus (Little and Critchfield, 1969; Price et al., 1998). Occasionally, one to about half the species (20 spp.) in subg. Strobus are classified instead in a variable subg. Ducampopinus. Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and its close relative lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. Ex Loud.) are in subg. Pinus, subsection Contortae, which is classified either in section Trifoliis or a larger section Pinus (Little and Critchfield, 1969; Price et al., 1998). Additionally, subsect. Contortae usually includes Virginia pine (P. virginiana) and sand pine (P. clausa), which are in southeastern USA. Jack pine has two quite short (2-5 cm) stiff needles per fascicle (cluster) and lopsided (asymmetric) cones that curve toward the branch tip, and the cone scales often have a tiny prickle at each tip (Kral, 1993). Non-taxonomic ecological or biological variants of jack pine have been described, including dwarf, pendulous, and prostrate forms, having variegated needle colouration, and with unusual branching habits (Rudolph and Yeatman, 1982). -
Shade Tree Borers No
I N S E C T S E R I E S TREES & SHRUBS Shade Tree Borers no. 5.530 by W.S. Cranshaw and D.A. Leatherman 1 Shade tree borers are insects that develop underneath the bark of woody plants. Most of these insects can attack only dying trees, felled logs or trees under stress. Stress to woody plants may be the result of mechanical injury, recent transplanting, overwatering or drought. These borers often are incorrectly blamed Quick Facts... for damage caused by a pre-existing condition or injury. Certain borers, in particular the “clear-wing borers,” are capable of damaging apparently healthy trees. Shade tree borers are insects that develop underneath the Life History and Habits bark of trees and shrubs. Certain A large number of beetles and moths develop as wood borers in their beetles and moths are the most immature (larval) stage. When full-grown, typically in one to two years, the adult common borers. stages cut a hole through the bark and emerge. Many of the adult borers, particularly the longhorned beetles and Most shade tree borers can metallic wood borers, feed on pollen, tender bark or leaves but do not cause any successfully attack only trees significant injury. The adult stage is mostly spent flying to new host trees, mating that are injured or stressed. and laying eggs. Eggs of most shade tree borers are laid on the bark, usually within small Shade tree borer development cracks. Longhorned beetles and horntails deposit their eggs underneath bark. takes from one to three years to Eggs typically hatch within one to two weeks, and the newly emerged complete. -
Bioblitz! OK 2019 - Cherokee County Moth List
BioBlitz! OK 2019 - Cherokee County Moth List Sort Family Species 00366 Tineidae Acrolophus mortipennella 00372 Tineidae Acrolophus plumifrontella Eastern Grass Tubeworm Moth 00373 Tineidae Acrolophus popeanella 00383 Tineidae Acrolophus texanella 00457 Psychidae Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Evergreen Bagworm Moth 01011 Oecophoridae Antaeotricha schlaegeri Schlaeger's Fruitworm 01014 Oecophoridae Antaeotricha leucillana 02047 Gelechiidae Keiferia lycopersicella Tomato Pinworm 02204 Gelechiidae Fascista cercerisella 02301.2 Gelechiidae Dichomeris isa 02401 Yponomeutidae Atteva aurea 02401 Yponomeutidae Atteva aurea Ailanthus Webworm Moth 02583 Sesiidae Synanthedon exitiosa 02691 Cossidae Fania nanus 02694 Cossidae Prionoxystus macmurtrei Little Carpenterworm Moth 02837 Tortricidae Olethreutes astrologana The Astrologer 03172 Tortricidae Epiblema strenuana 03202 Tortricidae Epiblema otiosana 03494 Tortricidae Cydia latiferreanus Filbert Worm 03573 Tortricidae Decodes basiplaganus 03632 Tortricidae Choristoneura fractittana 03635 Tortricidae Choristoneura rosaceana Oblique-banded Leafroller moth 03688 Tortricidae Clepsis peritana 03695 Tortricidae Sparganothis sulfureana Sparganothis Fruitworm Moth 03732 Tortricidae Platynota flavedana 03768.99 Tortricidae Cochylis ringsi 04639 Zygaenidae Pyromorpha dimidiata Orange-patched Smoky Moth 04644 Megalopygidae Lagoa crispata Black Waved Flannel Moth 04647 Megalopygidae Megalopyge opercularis 04665 Limacodidae Lithacodes fasciola 04677 Limacodidae Phobetron pithecium Hag Moth 04691 Limacodidae