Profile of Ahmednagar District and Selected Taluka

Home , Ahmednagar district, Akole, Akole taluka, Haregaon, Jamkhed taluka, Mula Dam

CHAPTER 3 PROFILE OF AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT AND SELECTED TALUKA

 Index: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Profile of Ahmednagar District 3.3 Co-operative Movement in Ahmednagar District 3.4 Development of Co-operative Movement in Ahmednagar District 3.5 Sector wise Development of Co-operative Societies in Ahmednagar District 3.6 Taluka wise Distribution of ECCSs in Ahmednagar District. 3.7 Development of ECCS in Ahmednagar District 3.8 Profile of Akole Taluka 3.9 Development of ECCSs in Akole Taluka 3.10 Profile of Sangamner Taluka 3.11 Development of ECCS in Sangamner Taluka 3.12 Profile of Shrirampur Taluka 3.13 Development of ECCS in Shrirampur Taluka 3.14 References

CHAPTER 3 PROFILE OF AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT AND SELECTED TALUKA

3.1 Introduction

India is a country with geographical, demographic and environmental diversity. Agricultural production and returns depend on geographical and climatic conditions. Even different types of organizations, institutions have been started taking into consideration the potential or drain from that geographical area. So, it is necessary to study geographical features also of the area. With this objective in view, some important features of the area selected for the present study are briefly discussed. To understand the impact of co-operative movement on the social and economic life of people, it is essential to know the socio economic general conditions of the area selected for study.

3.2 Profile of Ahmednagar District Ahmednagar is the largest district of Maharashtra with geographical area of 17413 sq. km. which is 5.66% area of Maharashtra. Out of total area, 391.5 Sq. km. is urban and remaining 17011.5 sq. km. is rural area; near about 80% is rural area. Ahmednagar is centrally located in Western Maharashtra. The population of Ahmednagar District is 4543083 out of that 3630012 (80%) is in rural area. Literate population is 321330 (census 2011) in which male literate are 1826412 (88.18%) while female literate are 1386918(71.55%) 1.

Ahmednagar has been established in 1494 by Malik Ahmed. It was Nizamshahi kingdom and was named after his name i.e. Ahmed. Ahmednagar district is situated in the upper Godavari basin and partly in Bhima Basin, occupying somewhat a central position in Maharashtra state. It extends geographically between 18.2° and 19.9° North latitudes and 73.9° and 75.5° East Longitudes. The district is irregular in shape and resembles a slanting cross with a length of 200 km. a breadth of 210 km. At its north, there is Nasik district, to the North East-Aurangabad district, to the East-Beed district, to the

South-Osmanabad and Solapur district, to the West-Pune district and to the North West-Thane district.

Godavari and Bhima are main rivers and Pravara, Mula, Seena, Hanga, Ghod are Sub Rivers which are the reason for the prosperity and development of the district, as farming is the main occupation. The average rainfall is 560.4 mm. The area under cultivation is 1295161 hectors. Along with farming, fishery, and dairy form major part in the economy. These sectors have created employment for more than 10000 people. Registered small and large scale industries are 920 where 32940 workers are working. Sugar factories, MIDC have also generated employment to skilled and unskilled workers. Most of these sectors got boom because of co-operative movement and planned steps by Government of Maharashtra.

The district has a good Public Health Care and Educational net with 26 public hospitals, 17 dispensaries, 96 PHC and its 557 branches. Right from ‘Anganwadi’ (play group) up to higher education like Engineering, Medical and other disciplines have a noticeable growth in the whole district. There are 5070 Anganwadi, 4078 primary schools, 928 secondary and 311 higher secondary schools in the district2.A good network of railway and road has connected 1506 villages. There are 365/565 commercial banks in the district. Asia’s number one bank in co-operative sector ‘Ahmednagar District Co-operative Bank’ is in Ahmednagar district.

According to 2001 census, in its 14 taluka, 1581 villages have been scattered. There are 14 Panchayat Samitee, 1311 Grampanchayats, 1 Corporation, 8 municipal Corporations, 1 Nagar Panchayat(Shirdi) and one Katakmandal for better administration purpose. Ahmednagar Fort, VRDE, Rehekury Sanctuary, Shirdi, Shani Shingnapur, Meherbaba, such historical, environmental, and religious monuments are the centers of the attraction of masses and generate employment opportunities. The whole district is divided in 2 main segments. They are North division and South division.

Divisions of Ahmednagar District as on 31/3/2012. Division of District Included Talukas Shrirampur, Rahuri, Newasa, Kopergaon, Sangamner, North Division Akole and Rahata(7 Taluka) Shevgaon, Pathardi, Karjat, Shrigonda, Nagar, Parner, South Division and Jamkhed (7 Talukas) Source- Compiled with the help of Economic and social Review of Ahmednagar district, 2012

Ahmednagar District

North Division of the district includes 7 talukas i.e. Shrirampur, Rahuri, Newasa, Kopergaon, Sangamner, Akole and Rahata.

South division includes the remaining 7 talukas i.e. Shevgaon, Pathardi, Karjat, Shrigonda, Nagar, Parner and Jamkhed. The north division has been selected for the study.

3.3 Co-operative Movement in Ahmednagar District:

The co-operative made a humble beginning in the district in 1909, showed signs of gradual and steady progress till 1947. Real momentum was however gained only after independence. Since the introduction of the Five Year Plans with an emphasis on rural development, the co-operative movement advanced with a rapid pace. Ahmednagar district made notable progress in the field of co-operation. Traditionally it is a famine-stricken district. Its rapid economic development is attributable to the growth of co-operative Sugar factories, which in turn benefitted the agriculturists. In Maharashtra, the first co- operative sugar factory was started at Pravaranagar in 1950, ‘Padmashri Dr. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil Co-operative Sugar Factory’ which is termed as India’s First Sugar Co-operative Society. Ahmednagar is called as a ‘Sugar Bowl’ of Maharashtra. Ahmednagar District Central Co-operative Bank is the biggest co- operative Bank in Asia.

The big projects which have been successfully implemented in Ahmednagar district on co-operative basis are in the area of dairy farming. They are District Central Co-operative Doodh Sangh Ltd., Babhleshwar, Pravara Sahakari Doodh Sangh, Pravara nagar, Rajhans Sahakari Doodh Sangh, Sangamner. Maximum land is irrigated due to rains and dams i.e. Mula dam, Wilson Dam. The water is used for growing of sugarcane, vegetables, food grains, dairy farming etc. Another well-known area of co-operative in district is sugar factory.

In the beginning of the movement, it was confined to co-operative credit. Later it speedily spread to processing of agricultural products, agricultural marketing, rural industries, consumer stores; social services etc. the effect of all this is that it has significantly improved the living standards of the people in the district. This district always has been in forefront in the co-operative movement in Maharashtra.

3.4 Development of Co-operative Movement in Ahmednagar District

The co-operative credit societies helped the masses in raising their borrowing capacity and by and by improving the standard of living in the district. Its purpose is to help the poor and needy. Co-operatives have built a sound structure in credit as well as, in processing sector. At present in March 2012 there are 9492 total co-operative organizations out of which 1328 are Primary Agricultural Co-operatives,1131 Non Agricultural co-operatives,57 Marketing Co-operatives, 22 co-operative sugar factories, 15 Doodh Sangh and 2962 Dairy Co-operatives in existence with total membership of 3135 thousand.3

Table No- 3.1 Financial Position of Co-operative Societies in Ahmednagar Dist. (2003 - 2012) Rs. in Lacs S.No Items 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010 2011 2012 9199 9310 9479 9285 9468 9528 9498 9528 9492 1 No. of Societies 1.21 1.82 -2.05 1.97 0.63 -0.31 0.32 -0.38 2570 2737 3029 2989 3092 3107 3102 3138 3135 2 No. of Members 6.5 10.67 -1.32 3.45 0.49 -0.16 1.16 -0.1 5463235 5604388 6027718 6087995 8288237 8343905 8201887 8347964 8497761 3 Share capital 2.58 7.55 1 36.14 0.67 -1.7 1.78 1.79 42974711 48486667 36054386 51041469 52392753 56922824 57548937 57548975 58424225 4 Deposits 12.83 -25.64 41.57 2.65 8.65 1.1 0 1.52 80250509 79081313 80936826 84153816 88303537 92485824 93688139 93688144 95654475 5 Working Capital -1.46 2.35 3.97 4.93 4.74 1.3 0 2.1 40030938 46254787 35350059 87675242 61607145 66116898 67637586 67637584 70390403 6 Loan Advanced 15.55 -23.58 148.02 -29.73 7.32 2.3 0 4.07 Soc. In Profit 4159 4209 4422 4333 4418 4434 4429 4518 4510 7 1.2 5.06 -2.01 1.96 0.36 -0.11 2.01 -0.18 12903739 29672608 30266052 30417382 31014076 30321252 30048360 30811588 31070405 8 Amount of Profit 129.95 2 0.5 1.96 -2.23 -0.9 2.54 0.84 4868 4924 4876 4776 4870 4906 4883 4821 4788 9 No of Soc. In Loss 1.15 -0.97 -2.05 1.97 0.74 -0.47 -1.27 -0.68 1754185 1792836 1828693 1846979 1883330 1938940 1971902 1995170 1967014 10 Amount of Loss 2.2 2 1 1.97 2.95 1.7 1.18 -1.41 Source : District Social & Economic Review, Ahmednagar,2003-2012

 Conclusion 1. The Financial position of co-operative societies in Ahmednagar district shows mixed trend. Still on the base year i.e. 2003, - there is a positive trend over 2003. 2. During the study period, the number of societies increased by 3.19% over the base year. Number of members increased at an average rate of 2.59% and increase over base year is by 21.98%. 3. Share capital increased at an average rate 6.23%. There is a positive growth over base year i.e. 55.54%. Deposits and working capital has a rising trend. It grows at an average 5.33% and 2.24% respectively. Loan advanced raised by 75.84% over base year at an average 15.49%. 4. Societies in profit rose by average 1.04% but it is an indicator of slow progress. Number of societies in loss decreased at an average of 0.20%. This percent should be raised. 5. It comes to notice that though there are so many industries and organizations, the growth of ECCS in numbers is very slow.

3.5 Sector wise Development of credit co-operative societies in Ahmednagar District : Sector wise development shows the progress in different sectors. It also reveals which sector needs to be paid more attention. There are many sectors of co-operatives like Agricultural credit, non agricultural credit, marketing, sugar, spinning and weaving, etc. and each one has its own importance in the life of the society and its development. The research topic is related with credit co- operative societies. Agricultural credit societies are very important from the agriculture and farmer’s point of view as they strengthen the financial position of the farmers. Non Agricultural credit societies are advancing loan for other than agricultural purpose of common people. The development of these two sectors only has been studied. These two types of credit co-operatives help the rural masses and save them from the clutches of scrupulous money lender by performing banking functions for them.

Table No. 3.2. Sector wise Development of Co-operative Societies in Ahmednagar district (Agricultural and Non Agricultural Credit Co-operative Societies)(1971-2012) Rs. in Lacs

Year No of Societies No of Members Working Capital Loan Advance Agri. Cr. Non Agri. Cr. Agri. Cr. Non Agri. Cr. Agri. Cr. Non Agri. Cr. Agri. Cr. Non Agri. Cr. 1970-71 1094 171 25800 52000 6055 368 2768 9872 1755 543 403000 182000 15965 12972 2754 12846 1980-81 60.42 217.54 1462.02 250 163.67 3425 -0.51 30.13 1129 359 519098 138111 17239 24607 7621 15394 1990-91 -35.67 -33.89 28.81 -24.11 7.98 89.69 176.72 19.83 1266 1054 728871 669621 71367 228377 24815 46982 2000-01 12.13 193.59 40.41 384.84 313.99 828.1 225.61 205.2 1326 1149 686607 1034622 131129 358413 27248 113090 2009-10 4.74 9.01 -5.8 54.51 83.74 56.94 9.8 140.71 1328 1142 724882 1078715 137284 343412 68553 587759 2010-11 0.15 -0.61 5.57 4.26 4.69 -4.19 151.59 419.73 1329 1131 697601 1144686 153868 254542 84630 747859 2011-12 0.08 -0.96 -3.76 6.12 12.08 -25.88 23.45 27.24

Source- Zilha Arthik Samalochan (District Social and Economic Review, Ahmednagar District)- various years.

 Conclusion- 1. From 1970-71 to 2011-12 i.e. within the span of 41 years, number of Agricultural Credit Societies rose at an average rate of 6.98% and Non- Agricultural Credit Societies rose by 64.12% average rate per decade. 2. Number of members of Agricultural Credit Societies rose at an average rate of 254.54% while of Non-Agricultural Credit Societies rose at 112.60% average rate. Ahmednagar district, is a drought prone area, farmers have to take loans for that purpose, there is rise in the membership of Agricultural credit co operative society 3. Loan Advanced of Agricultural Credit Societies show rising trend at an average rate of 97.78% and of Non-Agricultural Credit Co-operative Societies at an average rate 140.47%. 4. The income and living standard of the people rose due to more employment opportunities and also due to liberal policies accepted by government. The people other than farmers, tried to improve their living standard through taking loan and arranging for requirements. Hence the loan advanced of non agricultural credit societies go on increasing.

3.6 Taluka wise Distribution of ECCS in Ahmednagar District- To review the development of ECCSs in Ahmednagar District, it is necessary to know the taluka wise distribution of ECCS as they play a very vital role for its members. Its importance can’t be neglected. In 14 talukas of Ahmednagar district there are 219 ECCS in total. Following table will clear the distribution of ECCS in different taluka. Table No.3.3 Talukawise Distribution of ECCS in Ahmednagar district as on 31/03/2012 Name of the Talukas No. of ECCSs Share in total (%) Rank Nagar 92 42.00 1st Parner 03 1.37 9th Shrigonda 06 2.74 7th Karzat 04 1.83 8th Jamkhed 03 1.37 9th Shevgaon 04 1.83 8th Pathardi 04 1.83 8th Newasa 11 5.02 6th Rahuri 16 7.31 4th Sangamner 23 10.50 2nd Akole 12 5.48 5th Kopergaon 12 5.48 5th Shrirampur 12 5.48 5th Rahata 17 5.84 3rd Total 219 100 Source- Compiled with the help of Appendix of Co-operatives-31/3/2012) 66

Graph No 3.1 Talukawise Distribution of ECCS in Ahmednagar district as on 31/03/2012

Nagar

Parner

Shrigonda

Karzat

Jamkhed

Shevgaon

Pathardi

Newasa

Rahuri

Sangamner

Akole

Kopargaon

Shrirampur

Above table shows that- 1. The highest numbers of ECCSs are noticed in Nagar taluka i.e. 92. It acquires 42% of share in total ECCS. 2. Second highest numbers of ECCSs are in Sangamner taluka i.e. 23 which comprise of 10.50% of total ECCSs and Rahata stands 3rd with 5.84% ECCSs. 3. Shrirampur, Kopergaon and Akole have equal number of ECCS, i.e. 12 each. It acquires only 5.48% share in total. 4. Parner and Jamkhed have lowest number of ECCSs i.e. 3 each which has only 1.37% share in total numbers. 5. It reveals that there is uneven distribution of ECCS in different talukas. It creates imbalance at taluka level. There is wide scope for the development of ECCS in Parner and Jamkhed taluka.

3.7 Development of ECCS in Ahmednagar District-

ECCSs are one of the types of Nonagricultural credit co-operative societies. They play a very important role in the life of its members. These members are mostly from middle strata of the society. They can’t fulfill their requirements other than routine through their limited salary. Hence they require more money to meet their emergencies or incidental expenses. But they have nothing to offer as mortgage to take the loan. Salary slip is the only guarantee.

Table No. 3.4 Development of ECCS in Ahmednagar District (2003-2012) Rs. in Lakhs S.N. Items 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 213 210 210 212 215 215 217 217 218 219 1 No. of Societies -1.41 0 0.95 1.42 0 0.93 0 0.46 0.46 86203 97664 99011 99953 102381 50463 53557 56135 54527 64631 2 No. of Members 13.3 1.38 0.95 2.43 -50.71 6.13 4.81 -2.86 18.53 10.54 13.86 14.31 56.14 57.27 16.24 76.75 79.14 49.4 55.51 3 Share capital 31.5 3.25 292.31 2.01 -71.64 34.01 3.11 -37.58 12.37 6.04 6.15 6.27 4.97 6.45 5.25 4.12 4.32 4.73 5.52 4 Res. and Other Funds 1.82 1.95 -20.73 29.78 -18.6 -21.52 4.85 9.49 16.7 17.63 18.03 18.21 18.39 18.74 19.37 66.49 82.36 97.62 142.7 5 Deposits 2.27 1 0.99 1.9 3.36 243.26 23.87 18.53 46.18 50.37 54.45 55.33 55.86 56.65 56.65 106.52 113.95 120.89 136.02 6 Working Capital 8.1 1.62 0.96 1.41 0 88.03 6.98 6.09 12.52 28.43 35.5 28.45 28.72 41.87 23.48 172.18 200.38 229.91 282.83 7 Loan Advanced 24.87 -19.86 0.95 45.79 -43.92 633.3 16.38 14.74 23.02 Loan Recovered 22.65 32.99 27.27 27.53 40.66 15.57 176.01 222.29 197.34 261.59 8 45.65 -17.34 0.95 47.69 -61.71 1030.44 26.29 -11.22 32.56 Loan Outstanding 37.88 38.4 39.58 40.72 41.98 49.86 25.15 22.96 26.22 28.34 9 1.37 3.07 2.88 3.09 18.77 -40.09 -8.71 14.2 8.09 7.43 9.79 11.76 11.88 17.17 9.67 12.44 11.42 96.11 67.42 10 Loan Overdue 31.76 20.12 1.02 44.53 -43.68 -27.55 -8.2 741.59 -29.85

Source : 1. District Deputy Registrar Co-operative, Ahmednagar - Issues - 2003-2012

Graph No 3.2 Development of ECCS in Ahmednagar District (2003-2012) 300 250 200 No. of Societies 150 No. of Members 100 Share capital 50 Loan Advanced 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

 Conclusion-

1. During the span of study period, i.e. 10 years, the development of ECCS shows positive trend except in case of membership. The number of societies increased at an average rate of 0.31% which is very slow as compared to the scope available for development.

2. The growth rate of membership is negative. It decreased at an average rate of 0.67% per year. It decreased by 33.82% over 2003.

3. The share capital of ECCSs increased at an average rate of 29.93% and over 2003, by 300.51%.

4. It has advanced loan at an average of 77.25% per year and by 696.70% over 2003.and loan recovery rate goes on increasing by 692.94%.

5. It shows that there is slow speed of establishment of new ECCS. But its financial condition is comparatively better. More salary earners prefer to become the members of other options. They have agricultural land to their credit and hence they get the loan from nationalized banks bearing the interest rate from 4 to 8 %. Efforts should be taken to establish more ECCS and increase the memberships.

3.8 Profile of Selected Talukas-

From north division of Ahmednagar district, 3 talukas have been selected they are, Akole, Sangamner, and Shrirampur. Out of them, Akole taluka is an Adivasi declared area; Sangamner is the combination of Adi. and N.Adi. area while Shrirampur is a N. Adi. area. The profile of these selected taluka is as below-

3.8.1 Profile of Akole Taluka

Akole is a taluka in Sangamner subdivision of Ahmednagar district. It is located 122 km away from Ahmednagar in Western zone between 190 32 32.06”N 74.00 19.88” E longitude. It is situated at Pravara basin. The geographical area of Akole taluka is 150400 hectors and the area under cultivation is 95343 hectors. The total population of Akole taluka is 271719 out of which 137617 are male and 134102 are female. Akole is the only taluka in Ahmednagar district where female: male ratio is more as compared to district ratio i.e. 970 female per 1000 male and it is 934 for district. The number of literate is 74.86% out of that 84.09% are male and 65.50% are female. The average rainfall is 508.9 mm. Rice is the main crop here.4

It is a hilly region and declared as an ‘Adivasi area’. This place holds significant contribution in the history and geography of Maharashtra. It has been enriched with natural resources and is a perfect place for nature lovers and tourists. ‘Kalsubai’, the highest peak in Maharashtra (height-1654 meter altitude) is in Akole. The famous Sahyadri ranges have their way from Akole. Ratangadh, Harishchandragadh are also challenging mountains for trekkers. Pravara River is, famous for its sweet water originates in Akole. There are three dam- Wilson Dam, which has been built in the period of British Rule in 1926 at Shendi, Bhandardara. It has 11 TMC capacities and the water reservoir is known as ‘Arther Lake’, having scenic beauty. Another one downstream of Bhandardara is Nilwande Dam with 8.3 TMC. The third one is Adhala Dam. The work of Adhala Dam for 1 TMC is in progress. These Dams have been constructed with an object of irrigation and generation of electricity. They provide water to Akole, Sangamner, Shrirampur, and Newasa and even to Aurangabad and Paithan. Umbrella Fall and Randha Fall at the Wilson Dam are the attraction of Bollywood directors. Ghatghar is the area of highest rainfall in Maharashtra. With the financial help of World Bank, a Pumped Storage Scheme is being set up at Ghatghar. The purpose of Ghatghar Project is storage of water and pumping for generation of electricity of 250 MW.

The taluka has historical myth base related with Agasti Rushi and Shri Ram’s meet at Agasti Ashram, Seeta’s Bath Tub, Agasti Temple,

Amruteshwar temple is the best example of carvings in Hemadpanthi style. Well known ‘Indo-German Pilot Project’ for the improvement and management of water resources during 1992-96 has been carried out in and near the villages of Ambegavan, Manhere and Titvi of Akole-5 km from Kalsubai.

At present there are different service providing organizations such as MTDC (Maharashtra Tourism Development Centre), Anandvan resort, Yash palace and so on. MTDC is taking efforts for the development of this area as a tourist centre and is also trying for the convenience and comfort of tourists. It has all Tourism features. Hence, there are chances of future development of govt., semi-govt. and pvt. Organizations related with this aspect.

There are 191 villages in the taluka with 149 Grampanchayats. There are Commercial banks in 24 villages only. There are Anganwadi in 190 villages with 543 workers.5

The taluka has a good educational base with primary, secondary, higher secondary and higher education facilities with technical education and M.B.A. there are Government, semi Govt., Private and co-operative organizations like- MTDC, Maharashtra Adivasi Vikas Mahamandal, Sugar Factory, Dairy, Educational Institutions, Adivasi Student’s Hostel, Old age Home, Widi Udyog, local bodies, pvt. Industries like Oxy more, etc.

Akole Taluka

3.8.2 Development of ECCS in Akole Taluka

ECCS is the co-operative society started by the salary earners working with the same employer. In Akole, there are 12 ECCS as on 31st March 2012. During the study period, i.e. from 2003-2012 (10 years), there is an increase of 2 ECCS only. The following table will depict the progress of ECCS in Akole taluka.

Table No. 3.5. Development of ECCS in Akole Taluka (2003-2012) Rs. in Lakhs No. Items 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 No. of Societies 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1664 1873 2237 2645 2973 3046 2593 3118 3118 3154 Membership 12.56 19.43 18.24 12.4 2.46 -14.87 20.25 0 1.15 3 31748 32578 37843 39765 41830 43692 32906 54247 55373 57034 Paid up Capital 2.61 16.16 5.08 5.19 4.45 -24.69 64.85 2.08 3 4 5637 6260 7473 7667 7791 9296 10780 12488 13112 13505 Reserve Fund 11.05 19.38 2.6 1.62 19.32 15.96 15.84 5 3 5 38564 39384 41935 43671 45123 48960 42761 78132 107436 110659 Deposits 2.13 6.48 4.14 3.32 8.5 -12.66 82.72 37.51 3 6 16372 19054 21663 24756 29039 35596 23876 23957 36272 37363 Borrowings 16.38 13.69 14.28 17.3 22.58 -32.93 0.34 51.4 3.01 7 7943 8765 11983 12314 14011 15219 13560 21467 26363 27153 Investment 10.35 36.71 2.76 13.78 8.62 -10.9 58.31 22.81 3 8 34437 43857 42972 48378 52821 62675 86817 88402 91053 115411 Loans Advanced 117.35 -90.2 12.58 9.18 18.66 38.52 1.83 3 26.75 9 80952 92371 100430 105340 117027 128434 100649 152828 181300 186738 Outstanding Loans 14.11 8.72 4.89 11.09 9.75 -21.63 51.84 18.63 3 10 24980 28363 31592 36840 32467 37857 21680 87221 115581 119048 Loan Recovery 13.54 11.38 16.61 -11.87 16.6 -42.73 302.31 32.52 3 11 10 10 12 12 12 12 11 11 11 11 Profit - Institutions 0 20 0 0 0 -8.33 0 0 0 12 4290 4625 5974 6192 6344 5965 5325 6298 7278 6964 - Amount 7.81 29.17 3.65 2.45 -5.97 -10.73 18.27 15.56 -4.31 13 ------1 1 1 Loss - Institutions ------0 0 14 ------21 19 16 - Amount ------9.52 -15.79 Source - Asst. Registrar's Office, Akole Taluka, Annual Records-2003-2012

 Conclusion- 1. Number of ECCSs in Akole taluka shows a rising trend but at a very lower pace. Within 10 years, there is only 20% rise over 2003. 2. Membership increased at an average of 7.96% per year but increased by 89.54% over 2003. Paid up capital shows rising trend. It increased at an average of 8.75% and it increased by 79.65% over 2003. 3. Deposits increased with fluctuating trend at an average of 15.01% per year and by 186.95% over 2003. Borrowings of ECCS in Akole taluka go on increasing at an average of 11.78% per year and increased over 2003 by 128.21%. 4. ECCS advanced loans at an average 132.65% per year. It has increased by 235.14% over 2003. Loan recovery has been made at an average of 37.93% every year and by 376.57% over 2003. 5. There are 11 ECCS out of 12 in profit as on 31/03/2012 and only one is in loss. Up to 2000, there was no any ECCS in loss. 6. The growth over base year is good but average growth rate is low. There are more private industries are taking place. Still they have not registered their ECCS. The members need counseling for this.

3.9 Profile of Sangamner Taluka

Sangamner Taluka is situated in the Northwestern part of Ahmednagar district. The absolute location of the taluka is from 18 36’ to 19.9’ north latitude and 740 of 01` to 740of 56` East longitude, with the total geographical area of 135780 hectors.

As per the 2011 census, the total population of the taluka is 709616. The literate population is 79.96, out of it male literate are 87.58 and female literate are 71.98. Sangamner is 2nd largest taluka considering the area and it occupies the 4th place according to the population in the Ahmednagar district.6

Sangamner taluka is bounded by Sinner taluka (Nasik district) in north, Kopergaon in North-East, Rahata and Rahuri in East, Parner in South-east, Junnar (Pune district) in south, and Akole in West. It is situated 100 km. away in South-East of Ahmednagar district. It is situated on the banks of Pravara, Adhala and Mhalungi confluence. It is an important station on the Pune-Nasik national highway (NH-50).

Sangamner taluka lies in the rain shadow zone. It is situated partly in upper Godavari basin, hilly and plain region divides Sangamner taluka into four main physical divisions namely- i. Hilly Region ii. Plateau Region iii. Piedmont plateau Region iv. Narrow river Basin Region

The climate at Sangamner taluka is generally hot. It comes under scarcity zone. There is erratic rainfall with uneven distinction with more uncertainties. The average annual rainfall of Sangamner taluka is from 396.06 mm. to 495.05 mm. for past 25 years.

Out of 135780: an area of 31327 hector is under forest and 94710 hectors is under cultivation. Bajra and rice is the main crop here. There are total 170 villages, 141 Grampanchayats, 1 Municipal Corporation in the taluka for better administrative performance. There is a good network of Banks but only in 37 villages. The educational set up of the taluka is very good. Total 170 villages have Anganwadi, 7 there are primary, secondary, higher secondary and higher education facilities like medical College, Engineering, Education and other discipline colleges. The taluka is the important central place between Nasik and Ahmednagar. There is good Public Health Care System. Regarding cultural

Background it is a rich taluka. ‘State level Dance Competition’, ‘Phandi Vyakhanmala’, ‘and Business Expo’ have been arranged every year.

There are different units of Govt., semi-govt., private and co-operative organizations such as-MSRTC, Hivtap Nirmularn, Sugar Factory, Showrooms of Maruti, Tata Motors, MIDC area, Malpani Udyog Samuh, Anganwadi, Schools, colleges, Shetaki Sangh, Bazar Samitee etc.

3.9.1 Development of ECCS in Sangamner Taluka There are 23 ECCSs in Sangamner Taluka as on 31/03/2012. They belong to different categories of profession. Mostly in them are education related ECCS. But at the same time the ECCSs of Govt., Semi Govt. and co-operative sector are also in existence. Sangamner stands 2nd in case of number of ECCS in the district. Following table shows the development of ECCS in Sangamner taluka.

Table No- 3.6. Development of ECCS in Sangamner Taluka (2003-2012) Rs. in Lakh No. Items 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 21 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 1 No. of Societies 4.76 0 0 4.55 0 0 0 0 0 5010 5226 5412 5767 6286 6573 6842 7176 7362 9160 2 Membership 4.31 3.56 6.56 9 4.57 4.09 4.88 2.59 24.42 486.86 593.02 632.14 682.96 786.14 792.46 814.16 986.12 1130 1435.15 3 Paid up Capital 21.81 6.6 8.04 15.11 0.8 2.74 21.12 14.59 27 286.03 314.62 362.16 393.12 432.8 440.04 448.86 454.27 487.15 526.12 4 Reserve Fund 10 15.11 8.55 10.09 1.67 2 1.21 7.24 8 742.14 867.18 922.04 949.37 996.67 1108.9 1137.12 1246.81 1374.61 1235.39 5 Deposits 16.85 6.33 2.96 4.98 11.26 2.54 9.65 10.25 -10.13 176.16 196.52 204.12 237.64 413.12 686.03 702.44 812.86 964.42 1036.7 6 Investments 11.56 3.87 16.42 73.84 66.06 2.39 15.72 18.65 7.49 38.16 42.19 46.14 50.26 67.16 52.62 61.52 69.22 89.65 104.9 7 Borrowings 10.56 9.36 8.93 33.63 -21.65 16.91 12.52 29.51 17.01 51.17 72.26 96.14 185.24 276.12 782.14 1135.84 1352.64 1944.43 2619.1 8 Loans Advanced 41.22 33.05 92.68 49.06 183.26 45.22 19.09 43.75 34.7 437.16 642.14 986.12 1046.05 1286.49 1867.12 2086.14 2342.37 2632.48 3034.39 9 Loans over dues 46.89 53.57 6.08 22.99 45.13 11.73 12.28 12.39 15.27 39.86 50.16 82.67 110.34 146.12 246.62 654.37 976.52 1483.57 3139.02 10 Loans Recovered 25.84 64.81 33.47 32.43 68.78 165.34 49.23 51.92 111.59 19 20 21 21 22 22 22 22 22 23 11 Profit- Institutions 5.26 5 0 4.76 0 0 0 0 4.55 122.26 130.16 138.12 139.76 141.54 141.54 146.86 149.31 151.23 158.31 12 - Amount 6.46 6.12 1.19 1.27 0 3.76 1.67 1.29 4.68 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 Loss - Institutions 0 -50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.86 0.78 0.62 0.58 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.48 0.48 0.58 14 - Amount -9.3 -20.51 -6.45 -6.9 0 0 -11.11 0 20.83 Source- Asst. Registrar's Office, Sangamner taluka, Annual Record-2003-2012

 Conclusions- 1. Number of ECCSs in Sangamner taluka shows rising trend but at a very low speed. Within 10 years, there is only 9.52% rise over 2003. 2. Membership of ECCSs shows rising trend. It increased at an average of 7.11% and by 82.83% over 2003. Paid up share capital of ECCS goes on increasing at an average of 13.09% and by 194.78% over 2003. 3. Deposits show rising trend at an average of 6.08% while it increased by 66.46%. 4. Borrowings show an increasing rate at an average of 12.98% and by 174.90% over 2003. ECCSs advanced loan at an increasing average rate of 60.22% every year and by 5018.43% over 2003. 5. Since 2005, there is only 1 ECCS in loss rest 22 are in profit. Sangamner has 23 ECCS in total. It is the second taluka in the district having more ECCS. Still, there is further scope for the development of ECCS. There are so many government and non government organizations which have workers but not any ECCS. Planned steps should be undertaken regarding the establishment of new ECCSs.

3.10 Profile of Shrirampur Taluka

Shrirampur city is quite new as compared to other cities, being only around 75 years old. When Central Railway (India) Daund-Manmad line was being laid a railway station for the village Belapur was made which is nearly 6 km. from the place where station was going to build. During this period, people started living around the railway station.

The taluka headquarter of Shrirampur lies on 18o East longitudes. It is 60 km away from Ahmednagar district. The geographical area is 50602 hectors consisting of 56 villages. There are 53 Grampanchayats, and 1 Municipal Corporation. The area under cultivation is 43197 hectors.8th There is a good network of Banks. Shrirampur taluka is situated at the north part of Ahmednagar district. It is flanked to the northwest by Kopergaon taluka and west side by Rahata taluka, at south Rahuri taluka and at east lays Newasa taluka.

The agriculture here largely depends on South west monsoon. The rain is irregular and inadequate but other facilities like water harvesting, water stock

78 and supply make the taluka enriched with irrigation and crop. The water available from Pravara River irrigates considerable amount of land.

Arid dry climate and well established irrigation system makes sugarcane an ideal cash crop. Shrirampur is considered as one of the major producers of sugarcane in the sugarcane belt of Maharashtra. The first sugar mill of India Known as ‘The Brandy Factory’ was established in Haregaon by the Britishers in the pre-independence, co-operative movements are raised in the surrounding. In the year 1950, the first co-operative sugar factory in India was established by the farmers in Pravaranagar (in that period, it was in Shrirampur Taluka). This co-operative movement was appreciated by the whole country. For this great movement, the founder Shri. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil was felicitated with ‘PADMASHREE’ by the former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.

The area has been irrigated with the canal web from Bhandardara, ‘The Wilson Dam’. Over 10 sugar industries surrounding the town make for a very industrious economy. Due to recent setbacks in the sugar industries, people from these areas are turning towards other cash crops. There is Shrirampur MIDC (Industrial area) which is well developed for industries in Shrirampur and surrounding area. There are big units of Govt., semi govt., co-operative and private organizations just like ‘Postal and Telephone Exchange’, ‘Sugar factory’, ‘Bazaar Samitee’, R.T.O. offices etc. All state govt. offices of taluka i.e. Tahsildar’s office, Panchayat Committees office, Telephone and Post office, Police station, A.R. office etc. all are situated at Shrirampur taluka.

3.10.1 Development of ECCS in Shrirampur taluka

There are 12 ECCSs in Shrirampur taluka as on 31/03/2012. These ECCSs are scattered over the taluka. As there are different Govt., semi Government, private units and co-operative organizations, the ECCSs are also from different sectors. Semi Govt. unit, M.S.E.B. has been liquidated and hence its ECCS has been closed down. It shows that there is positive or negative impact of progress or regress of mother institution. Following table shows the development of ECCSs in Shrirampur taluka-

Table No 3.7. Development of ECCS in Shrirampur taluka (2003-2012) Rs. in Lakh No. Items 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 1 No. of Societies 0 8.33 0 0 0 0 -7.69 0 0 1872 2019 2286 2568 2746 3043 3364 3356 3555 3816 2 Membership 7.85 13.22 12.34 6.93 10.82 10.55 -0.24 5.93 7.34 33452 35613 38412 39726 41922 43516 44837 45312 46961 48514 3 Paid up Capital 6.46 7.86 3.42 5.53 3.8 3.04 1.06 3.64 3.31 48.14 53.26 59.67 65.42 70.23 74.86 78.07 81.22 84.63 88.16 4 Reserve Fund 10.64 12.04 9.64 7.35 6.59 4.29 4.03 4.2 4.17 41734 42937 43512 44864 46752 48913 50314 51422 51933 52421 5 Deposits 2.88 1.34 3.11 4.21 4.62 2.86 2.2 0.99 0.94 22872 24916 27308 29425 31746 34555 36326 39716 40214 43617 6 Borrowings 8.94 9.6 7.75 7.89 8.85 5.13 9.33 1.25 8.46 9876 10594 12314 15277 18440 20006 22436 25310 28416 30512 7 Investment 7.27 16.24 24.06 20.7 8.49 12.15 12.81 12.27 7.38 48563 51764 54916 58326 61512 64428 66211 69726 71422 73519 8 Loans Advanced 13.08 6.21 5.46 4.74 2.77 5.31 2.43 2.94 -15.62 36367 39512 41426 46635 50082 52371 56632 57246 59513 63409 9 Loan Recovery 8.65 4.84 12.57 7.39 4.57 8.14 1.08 3.96 6.55 12 12 11 11 12 12 11 11 11 11 10 Profit - Institutions 0 -8.33 0 9.09 0 -8.33 0 0 0 4823 5316 5832 6344 6712 7283 7624 7456 7613 7825 11 - Amount 10.22 9.71 8.78 5.8 8.51 4.68 -2.2 2.11 2.78 - - - 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 12 Loss - Institutions - - - -50 0 100 -50 0 0

- - - 2613 1922 2016 4314 2504 2638 2861 13 - Amount - - - -26.44 4.89 113.99 -41.96 5.35 8.45

Source- Asst. Registrar's Office, Shrirampur Taluka, Annual Record-2003-2012

 Conclusions- 1. Number of societies show fluctuations. Up to 2004, there were 12 ECCSs, it increased by 1 ECCS from 2005 to 2009 and again decreased by one. No progress or regress has been noticed over 2003. 2. Membership increased at an average rate of 8.30% per year and by 103.85% over 2003. Paid up share capital goes on increasing at an average of 4.23% and by 45.023% over 2003. 3. Loan Advanced at an average rate of 3.04% and by 51.39% over 2003. 4. There are fluctuations in the number of ECCSs in profit or loss. On 2012, there is only one ECCS in loss, the rest 11 are in profit. When the mother institution is in problem, the ECCS incur the losses. Ahmednagar district, the drought prone area of Maharashtra saw the light of development because of the steps taken by visionary reformers by starting and developing the co-operative movement. There is a positive growth of ECCS in Ahmednagar district and selected talukas Shrirampur, Sangamner and Akole. The geographical, demographical and economic features contribute in this development and on the contrary, co-operative supports to develop the society. Still there is wide scope for the development of ECCS in the district as a whole because there are so many organizations having employees but not having ECCS.

 References 1. District Social & Economic Review, Ahmednagar, 2013. 2. Zillah Arthik Samalochan, Ahmednagar District-2013. 3. Social and Economic Review of Ahmednagar District, 2012, p- 9. 4. Data collected from the Tahsil office, Akole. 5. Zillah Arthik Samalochan, Ahmednagar District-2013. 6. Data collected from Tahsil office, Sangamner. 7. Zillah Arthik Samalochan, Ahmednagar District-2013. 8. Ibid.