At glance Nashik Division
Nashik division is one of the six divisions of India 's Maharashtra state and is also known as North Maharashtra . The historic Khandesh region covers the northern part of the division, in the valley of theTapti River . Nashik Division is bound by Konkan Division and the state of Gujarat to the west, Madhya Pradesh state to the north, Amravati Division and Marathwada (Aurangabad Division) to the east, andPune Division to the south. The city of Nashik is the largest city of this division.
• Area: 57,268 km² • Population (2001 census): 15,774,064 • Districts (with 2001 population): Ahmednagar (4,088,077), Dhule (1,708,993), Jalgaon (3,679,93 6) Nandurbar (1,309,135), Nashik 4,987,923 • Literacy: 71.02% • Largest City (Population): Nashik • Most Developed City: Nashik • City with highest Literacy rate: Nashik • Largest City (Area): Nashik * • Area under irrigation: 8,060 km² • Main Crops: Grape, Onion, Sugarcane, Jowar, Cotton, Banana, Chillies, Wheat, Rice, Nagli, Pomegranate • Airport: Nasik [flights to Mumbai] Gandhinagar Airport , Ozar Airport • Railway Station:Nasik , Manmad , Bhusaval
History of administrative districts in Nashik Division
There have been changes in the names of Districts and has seen also the addition of newer districts after India gained Independence in 1947 and also after the state of Maharashtra was formed.
• Notable events include the creation of the Nandurbar (Tribal) district from the western and northern areas of the Dhule district. • Second event include the renaming of the erstwhile East Khandesh district as Dhule , district and West Khandesh district as Jalgaon . • The Nashik district is under proposal to be divided and a separate Malegaon District be carved out of existing Nashik district with the inclusion of the north eastern parts of Nashik district which include Malegaon , Nandgaon ,Chandwad ,Deola , Baglan , and Kalwan talukas in the proposed Malegaon district. • The Ahmednagar district is under proposal to be divided and a separate Shrirampur District be carved out of existing Ahmednagar district with the inclusion of the northern parts of Ahmednagar district which include Rahata , Rahuri ,Shrirampur , Sangamner , Akole , Kopargaon , and Nevasa talukas in the proposed Shrirampur district.
Jalgaon District
Jalgaon district (Marathi : जळगाव िज हा) is a district of Maharashtra . It was formerly known as East Khandesh district . It has an area of 11,765 km², and a population of 3,682,690 (2001 census) of which 71.4% were rural.
It is bounded by Madhya Pradesh state to the north, and by the districts of Buldhana to the east, Jalna to the southeast, Aurangabad to the south,Nashik to the southwest, and Dhule to the west.
Economy Agriculture
Banana farm at Chinawal village in Jalgaon district
Major crops produced in this district are banana (In Maharashtra Jalgaon ranks no.1 in banana production and most hector area of banana in Jalgaon 32,000 hector , cotton, sorghum, wheat, millet, lime, groundnut and sugarcane. jalgaon is also known for its gold quality.
Precipitation in Jalgaon
In whole Jalgaon rain falls between the range of 77 cm and 80 cm. At eastern side of district i.e. in Yawal Taluka 77 cm. In Jalgaon, Bhusawal, Pachora 79 cm. Jamner 80 cm.
History
The present territory of the district was part of the independent Khandesh Sulatanate ruled by the Faruqi dynasty from 1382 1601. Jalgaon district, also known as East Khandesh district prior to 21 October 1960, was earlier a part of Khandesh. According to Abul Fazal (Gladwin's Aine Akbari 1157), the name Khandesh is derived from the Khan title given by Ahmad I of Gujarat (1411 1443) to Malik Nasir, the second of the Faruki kings. According to some sources, the name comes from the khandava forest of Mahabharata. The Mahabharata mentions Yuvanshava, the ruler of Toranmal (Nandurbar district) as fighting with the Pandavas. The rock temples and caves at Nashik and Ajanta show that during the first three centuries AD, Khandesh was under the rulers who patronised Buddhism. Thereafter, it was ruled by Saptavananas, Andhrabhrityas, Virsen (Ahir King), Yawan dynasty, Chalukyas, Yadavas and then Alaud din Khilji, Mohammad Tughlak, Malik Raja Malik Nazir, the Nizam of Hyderabad, and subsequently the Marathas ruled the region.
In the 18th century, Khandesh was captured by British troops from the Holkar regime with Dhule as the headquarters. Hon. Robert Gill was the first officer of British East India Company in the Khandesh District with headquarters in Dhule. In 1906 when Khandesh was divided, east Khandesh became present day Jalgaon. In 1956 with the reorganisation of states, it was included in Bombay state, and with the formation of Maharashtra in 1960, Jalgaon became a district of the state. Titbits: In the Parola Tahsils, there are remains of a fort believed to be belonging to the father of the great Rani of Jhansi. All India Congress Session of 1936 was held at Faizpur in Yawal Tehsil. In present times, legendary poetess Bahinabai Chaudhari of Jalgaon spread the fame of the Ahirani dialect across the seven seas. Sane Guruji awakened the labour class while Balkavi Thomre's poetry enriched socio cultural life of the district. In present day the great farmer poet N.D.Mahanor has proved himself a golden quill in the crown of Jalgaon.
After annexation by Akbar in 1601, it became a part of Khandesh Subah of the Mughal empire. Subsequently, the region was ruled by the Nizam and the Marathas. In the early 18th century, Khandesh was captured by British troops from the Holkar ruler and a new district, Khandesh District was formed with its headquarters at Dhulia. Robert Gill was the first administrator of the British East India Company in Khandesh District. In 1906, when Khandesh district was bifurcated into two district, the present territory of Jalgaon district became East Khandesh district with its headquarters at Jalgaon. In 1956, after the reorganisation of the states, East Khandesh district was included in Bombay state and with the formation of Maharashtra state on May 1, 1960, East Khandesh district became a part of the state. It was renamed as Jalgaon district on October 21, 1960.[2]
Cooperative Sugar Factory (Sahakari Sakhar Kharkhana)
Factory Name Place Taluka
Madhukar Jivramnagar, Faizpur Yawal
Belganga Bhoras Chalisgaon
Sant Muktabai Ghodasgaon Muktainagar
Copada Shetkari Chopada Chopada
Jamner Tauka Gondkhel Jamner
Vivek Patil MIDC JALGAON
Industries
The major industries in this district include:
• Jain Irrigation Systems is a multinational company, manufacturer of Irrigation, Pipe, Plastic Sheet, Solar Energy Systems. • Supreme Pipes Ltd. • Raymond • Emco Transformers • Dal mills • Patil Pipes • Gold Ornaments Well Known For Purity of Gold. Divisions
The district consists 15 talukas (tehsils). These are Jalgaon , Jamner , Erandol , Dharangaon , Bhusawal , Bodwad , Yawal ,Raver , Muktainagar , Amalner , Chopda , Parola , Pachora , Chalisgaon and Bhadgaon . Jalgaon city is the administrative headquarters of this district.
Presently, there are 11 Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) constituencies in this district. These are: Chopda, Raver, Bhusawal, Jalgaon City, Jalgaon Rural, Amalner, Erandol, Chalisgaon, Pachora, Jamner and Muktainagar. Raver andJalgaon are the two Lok Sabha constituencies in the district. [4]
There are 13 Nagar Parishad in district = most Nagar prishad in Maharashtra.
River system in district
In Jalgaon Tapi(Surya Putri;west flowing river)river flowing from the northernmost side. Its total length is 724 k.m. and in Maharashtra its length is 208k.m. Girana river is also a long river in Jalgaon.The Gazetteer of the Bombay presidency describes the river as... "Rising in the western hills of the Kalvan sub division of Nasik, and fed by streams from the northern slopes of the Chandor or Saptashring range, after a course of about 150 miles, falls into the Tapti near Nander. Its course lies in nearly equal parts in Nasik and Khandesh. Passing through Nasik almost in a straight line eastwards, in Khandesh its course changes to north east, till, near Jalgaon, it bends north and then north west flowing for several miles with many windings almost parallel to the Tapti. In Khandesh, except in one or two places where it is hemmed in by rocky hills, the Girna, over a broad sandy bed, flows through a well tilled valley gradually spreading into the great central plain. Its waters, both in Nasik and Khandesh, are much used for irrigation. In Nasik lately repaired dams and channels water many of its upland valleys, and in Khandesh, from Eahal about ten miles north of Chalisgaon, the Jamda canals stretch east for about twenty seven miles on the left and twelve miles on the right bank.
Tributary of Tapi river On the right side of bank followong rivers meets Chandrabhaga, Bhuleshwari, Nand, Wan, Aner. On the left side of bank followong river meets Kapara, Sipana, Gadgi, Dolar, Pedhi, Katpurna, Morana, Man, Nalganga, Biswa.
Demographics
According to the 2011 census Jalgaon district has a population of 4,224,442, roughly equal to the Republic of the Congo or the US state of Kentucky . This gives it a ranking of 46th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 359 inhabitants per square kilometre (930/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001 2011 was 14.71%. [5] Jalgaon has a sex ratio of 922 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 79.73%.
Languages
Languages spoken include Ahirani , a Kandeshi tongue with approximately 780 000 speakers, similar to Marathi and Bhili , Bareli Palya , a Bhil language with approximately 10 000 speakers centred in Madhya Pradesh; and Bareli Rathwi , another Bhil language with approximately 64 000 speakers, written in the Devanagari script and mutually unintelligible with Bareli Palya.
Education
North Maharashtra University was established in Jalgaon on 15 August 1989. There are schools and colleges of Khandesh Education Society and Maratha Vidya Prasarak Mandal as well.
Media
The major Marathi language newspapers published from the Jalgaon city are: Deshdoot , Deshonnati , Lokmat , Sakal , Divya Marathi ,Maharashtra Times .
Notable personalities
• Bahinabai Chaudhari • Sane Guruji • Pratibha Patil • Eknath Khadse • Bhavarlal Jain • Ujjwal Nikam • Balkavi • Vivek Patil
Places of interest around Jalgaon Dist.
• Gandhi Teerth , Gandhi Foundation, Jalgaon • Jain Research and Demostration Center, Jain Hills, Jalgaon For Farmers & Agriculture's • Bahina Bai Udyan, Jalgaon • Vekateshwar Temple, Jalgaon • Omkareshwar Mandir Jalgaon • Echaa Devi Temple, Mehrun, Jalgaon • Mehrun Lake, Mehrun, Jalgaon • Jain Temple , Dadawadi, Jalgaon • Tarsod Ganapati Temple , Tarsod, Jalgaon
• Unapdev Hot water ponds , Temples and hill station
• Padmalaya Kshetra temples of Lord Ganapati and Hanuman in Erandol Taluka (4.8 km from Erandol) here ancient Indian mathematacian Aryabhatt wrote the book on mathematics "Lilavati " • Bhim Kunda and Bhim's Mahadev Temple • Swinging Towers Of Farkande , Erandol
• Changdeo Maharaj temple in Changdev Hatnur dam, confluence of Tapi river and Purna river , Zugadevi temple near Bhusawal;
• Mangal grah Mandir,Amalner • Gaureshwar Mahadev Temple (गौरे वर महादेव मं दर जागत ृ देव थान )to the PANJARA River border At Shahapur Tal Amalner • Parola fort, Parola • Shree Balaji Parola www.parolabalaji.org
• Patanadevi temple in Patanadevi • Shitalnath Maharaj Mandir, Khadgaon, Goragawale bk Tal chopda is located on the bank of river guli • Sant Muktabai temple (Mehun temple) is located at a distance of 60–km from Jalgaon in MuktaiNagar city, • Paal Hill station • Satpuda Manudevi Temple Adgaon village in [[Yawal Taluka] • Shree Jagatguru Ved Maharshi Vyas Muni Mandir Yawal(Vyas Nagari) • Munjoba Devsthan Atrawal Tal Yawal
• Pavitra Tajuddin baba hill station • Prachin Nateshwar maharaj mandie • Sati kamaladevi mandir
• Bhusawal Thermal power plant • Kannad taluka of Aurangabad district Pitalkhora cave which is ancient cave in India. • Ajanta Caves developed during the reign of Chalukya kingdom] are only 50 km from Jalgaon. • Munjoba Devasthan is located in Waghod in Raver taluka. Phaijpur in Yawal taluka • First session of Indian National Congress in 1936 by(PRESIDENT Pandit Jawarlal Nehru) • Utran in Erandol taluka famous for high quality lemon. Lasur tal Chopada
DHULE DISTRICT
Dhule district is a district of Maharashtra state in central India . The city of Dhule is the administrative headquarters of the district.
The Dhule district previously comprised tracts of land predominantly inhabited by tribal population. The Dhule district was then bifurcated on 1 July 1998 into two separate districts now known as Dhule and Nandurbar , the latter comprising the tribal region. Agriculture remains the basic profession of the population in this district. Most parts of the district are not under irrigation and thus cultivation heavily depends on regular Monsoon or rain water. Apart from wheat, bajra, jowar or jwari, onion the most favored commercial crop is cotton. Majority of the population in the rural area speaks Ahirani (a dialect of Marathi ) language, however Marathi is more widely spoken in the urban areas. Around 26.11% population of Dhule district resides in urban area. The Dhule District is a part of Maharashtra 's historical region of Khandesh . Although for administrative purpose it is now clubbed to Nashik Division
History
The District of Dhulia was previously known as West Khandesh district. The ancient name of this region was Rasika. It is bounded on the east by Berar (Ancient Vidarbha), on the north by the Nemad district (Ancient Anupa) and on the south by the Aurangabad (Ancient Mulaka) and Bhir (Ancient Asmaka) districts. Later the country came to be called as Seunadesa after king, Seunchandra of the Early Yadava dynasty , who ruled over it. Subsequently its name was changed to Khandesh to suit the title Khan given to the Faruqi kings by King Ahmad I of Gujarat.
During Aryans penetration to the Deccan ‘Agastya’ was the first Aryan who crossed Vindhya and resides on the bank of Godavari. This territory was included in the empire of Ashoka the Great . Pushyamitra , the founder of Sunga dynasty overthrew Maurya dynasty . Later on Satavahan ruled over the region.
About A.D. 250, the Satavahans were supplanted by the Abhiras or Ahirs in Western Maharashtra (Region Isvarsena). The names of Feudatories of Abhiras that ruled in Khandesh was found from copperplates discovered at Kalachala (Gujarath) and Cave X5II at Ajanta. After downfall of Satavahans the Vakatakas rose to power in Vidarbha. The Vakatakas were over thrown by Rastrakuta family. This region was ruled by Chalukyas of Badami and subsequently Yadavas.
In A.D. 1296, Ala ud din Khilji invaded Ramachandra Yadava who agreed to pay a heavy ransom. His son Sankaragana discontinued sending the stipulated tribute to Delhi and then defected and slain by Malik Kafur in A.D. 1318.
In 1345, Devagiri was passed into the hands of Hasan Gangu, the founder of Bahamani dynasty. However, Khandesh formed Southern boundaries of the Tashlug empire.
In 1370, Firoz Taghluq assigned the district of Thalner and Karavanda to Malik Raja Faruqui, the founder of ‘Faruqui’ dynasty. His family claimed the descent from Khaliph Umer Faruq. He established himself at Thalner. The Governor of Gujarat honored Malik Raja with the little ‘Sipahsalar of Khandesh’. From the little Khan the region came to be known as ‘Khandesh’ the country of Khan. During the period, a rich ahir 'Asa' of Asirgad had many storehouses in Gondvana and Khandesh which were opened in order to sell the corn. However his wife was of a charitable disposition persuaded Asa to allow the grains to be distributed to the poor and suffering without payment to which Asa agreed. It was also with a view to employ many of the sufferers as labours that Asa leveled the old wall of Asir and constructed a fort built of masonry. Asa also distributed food to aged and decrepit who were unable to performed manual labour. The Ahir chief in spite of his wealth and strength of this fort, without any struggle acknowledged the supremacy of Malik Raja bequeathed Laling to his elder son Malik Nasir and Thalner to Malik Iftikar.
Malik Nasir had decided that upon seizing Asirgad, he would make it his own capital. He therefore wrote to Asa complaining that he was in great problems as the chief of Baglana , Antur and Kherla were rising against him. Of those; two had collected large forces. Laling, to close to enemy territories was not a safe retreat. He requested Asa to afford his family a safe retreat. Asa ordered suitable apartments to be filled up for the Malik Nasir’s ladies. Shortly after that several covered litters with women were brought to into Asirgad and were visited by Asa’s wife and daughters. Next day another of 200 litters arrived reportedly occupied by Malik Nasir’s family. Asa along with his son went to receive them but to his astonishment instead of women, he found the litters full of armed soldiers who leapt up and murdered Asa and his innocent sons in cold blood. Not a single male child in the family was left alive. The treacherous and cunning Malik Nasir returned from his camp at laling to the Asirgad fort. Shortly after this a disciple of Shaikh Zain Uddin, the tutelary saint of the family came to congratulate Malik Nasir on his success. On his advice, Malik Nasir built two cities on the bank of Tapi, on the east Bank called Zainabad after the Saikh and the other on the west Bank called Burhanpur after Saikh Burhanuddin of Daulatabad. The Burhanpur became the capital of farugui dynasty. In 1917 Malik Nasir defected his younger brother Malik Iftikar.
On 6 January 1601 Khandesh came under Akbar regime. Khandesh was fancifully named by Akbar a Dandes after his son Daniyal. In 1634 Khandesh was made into a Suba
On 3 June 1818 the Peshva surrendered himself before British and Khandesh came under British rule. it was part of Khandesh district till that district was divied in 1906, and although the present name was not used then, the present district can be traced back to that year.
Geographiecs Climate
The climate of this district is on the whole dry except during the south west monsoon season. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season from December to February is followed by the hot season from March to May. The south west monsoon season which follows thereafter lasts till September. October and November constitute the post monsoon season. The average annual rainfall in the district is 674.0 mm. (26.53"). The rainfall is heavier in the hilly regions of the western ghats and the Satpuda ranges. Navapur near the western border has an annual rainfall of 1097.1 mm (43.19"). The rainfall during the south west monsoon constitutes about 88 per cent of the annual rainfall, July being the rainiest month. Some rainfall is received mostly as thunder showers in the post monsoon season.
Except during the south west monsoon season when the humidity is above 70 per cent, the air is rather dry over the district during the rest of the year. The driest part of the year is the summer season when the relative humidity is only 20 to 25 per cent in the afternoons.
From about the latter half of February, temperatures increase steadily till May which is the hottest part of the year with the mean daily maximum temperature at 40.7°C (105.3°F) and the mean daily minimum at 25.80 C (78.4°F). Hot, dry winds blow during April and May and the heat is intense with the maximum temperatures going above 45°C (113.0°F) on some days. Thunder showers occur during the afternoons and bring welcome relief from the heat on some days. With the onset of the southwest monsoon by about the second week of June there is an appreciable drop in day temperatures and the weather is pleasant in the south west monsoon season. By about the beginning of October when the south west monsoon withdraws, day temperatures begin to rise and a secondary maximum in day temperature is reached in October. The night temperatures, however, steadily decrease. From November, both day and night temperatures drop rapidly till January which is the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 30.'3°C (86.50 F) and the mean daily minimum at 16.2°C (61.2°F). During the cold season, cold waves which sometimes affect the district in association with western disturbances which pass across north India the minimum temperature may drop down to about 8° to 9°C (46.4° to 48.2°F).
Winds are generally light to moderate with some strengthening in force during the summer and monsoon seasons. During the southwest monsoon season, winds are mainly south westerly to westerly. In the post monsoon season winds are light and variable in directions in the mornings and north easterly to easterly in the afternoon. In the winter and summer seasons winds are mostly from directions between south west and north west, with northerly or north easterly winds blowing on some afternoons.
Economy
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Dhule one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of640 ). It is one of the twelve districts in Maharashtra currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF)
Demographics According to the 2011 census Dhule district has a population of 2,048,781,roughly equal to the nation of Botswana or the US state of New Mexico . This gives it a ranking of 223rd in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 285 inhabitants per square kilometre (740/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001 2011 was 19.96%. Dhule has a sex ratio of 941 females for every 1000 males and a literacy rate of 74.61%.
Languages
Languages spoken include Ahirani , a Kandeshi tongue with approximately 780 000 speakers, similar to Marathi and Bhili ; Bhilali , with 1 150 000 speakers; and three mutually unintelligible Bareli languages : Bareli Palya , a Bhil language with approximately 10 000 speakers centred in Madhya Pradesh; Bareli Pauri , with approximately 175 000 speakers, written in the Devanagari script ;[9] and Bareli Rathwi , with approximately 64 000 speakers.
Divisions See also: List of villages in Dhule District
The district is further divided into two sub divisions and four talukas for administrative purposes. Dhule and Sakri talukas are part of Dhule sub division while Sindkheda and Shirpur talukas are part of Shirpur sub division.
There were earlier has five Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district. These were Sakri (ST), Shirpur, Sindkheda, Kusumba and Dhule. Dhule was the only Lok Sabha constituency in this district. Shirpur Vidhan Sabha constituency was part of Nandurbar (ST) Lok Sabha constituency.
After 2002 delimitation , there is one Lok Sabha constituency in the district which is Dhule Lok Sabha comprising the six Maharashtra Assembly constituencies of Dhule Rural, Dhule City, Sindkheda from Dhule district, and Malegaon Outer, Malegaon City and Baglan (ST) from Nashik district .
There are five Maharashtra State Assembly seats namely Dhule Rural , Dhule City , Sindkheda , Sakri (ST) and Shirpur (ST) .
Sakri (ST) and Shirpur (ST) assembly seats from Dhule district are the part of Nandurbar Lok Sabha seat. In dhule district 'Revagiri baba's Samadhi(jivant samadhi)' famous in Dhamane (Nagaon) village which recently awarded as 'Tantamukta Village'..
NANDURBAR DISTRICT
Nandurbar (Marathi : नंदरबार ु िज हा) is an administrative district in the northwest corner (Khandesh Region) of Maharashtra state in India . On 1 July 1998 Dhule was bifurcated as two separate districts now known as Dhule and Nandurbar . The district headquarters are located atNandurbar city. The district occupies an area of 5035 km² and has a population of 1,311,709 of which 15.45% were urban (as of 2001).
Nandurbar district is bounded to the south and south east by Dhule district, to the west and north is the state of Gujarat , to the north and north east is the state of Madhya Pradesh . The northern boundary of the district is defined by the great Narmada river.
Ranjana Sonawane of TembhlI village and rushil in Nandurbar district became first citizen of India to get twelve (12) digit Unique Identification on 29 September 2010. The unique identification or Aadhaar is ambitious project of the central government of India to provide unique identification to its billion plus citizens. [3]
Divisions
The district comprises 6 talukas. These talukas are Akkalkuwa, Akrani Mahal (also called Dhadgaon), Taloda, Shahada , Nandurbar and Navapur .
There is one Lok Sabha constituency in the district which is Nandurbar (ST) reserved for ST. There are four Maharashtra Assembly seats namely Akkalkuwa (ST) , Shahada (ST) , Nandurbar (ST) , Nawapur (ST) .
Sakri (ST) and Shirpur (ST) assembly seats from Dhule district are also part of Nandurbar Lok Sabha seat. Nandurbar is primarily a tribal (Adiwasi) district.
History
Before 1 July 1998 Nandurbar was part of the larger Dhule district . Nandurbar, Dhule and Jalgaon districts formed what was known as theKhandesh district. Dhule was known as the west Khandesh whereas Jalgaon was known as the east Khandesh. So, much of history applicabe to Khandesh and Dhule, is applicable to Nandurbar. Nandurbar is also known as Nandanagri as the king Named Nandaraja was the ruler of this territory. The ancient name of this region was Rasika. It is bounded on the east by Berar (ancient Vidarbha ), on the north by the Nemad district (ancient Anupa ) and on the south by the Aurangabad (ancient Mulaka) and Bhir (ancient Asmaka) districts. Later the country came to be called as Seunadesa after king, Seunchandra of the Early Yadava dynasty , who ruled over it. Subsequently its name was changed to Khandesh to suit the title Khan given to the Faruqi kings by Ahmad I of Gujarat .
During Aryan's penetration of the Deccan , Agastya was the first Aryan who crossed Vindhya and resided on the bank of river Godavari . This territory became part of the Mauryan Empire during Chandragupta's southern conquest of India. Pushyamitra , the founder of Sunga dynasty overthrew Maurya dynasty and thus ruled this region. Later on the Satavahanas ruled over this region.
About 250, the Satavahans were supplanted by the Abhiras in Western Maharashtra (Regan Isvarsena). The names of feudatories of Abhiras who ruled in Khandesh have come to light from copperplates discovered atKalachala (Gujarat) and Cave X5II at Ajanta . After the downfall of the Satavahans the Vakatakas rose to power in Vidarbha. The Vakatakas were overthrown by the Rashtrakuta family. This region was then ruled by the Chalukyas of Badami and subsequently by the Yadavas .
In 1296, Ala ud din Khilji invaded Ramachandra Yadava who had to pay a heavy ransom for the defeat. Ramachandra's successor Singhana III challenged the supremacy of Khilji, who sent Malik Kafur to recapture Devagiri in 1310. Singhana III was killed in the ensuing battle and Khilji's army occupied Devagiri. In 1318 the last Rajah of Devagiri Harpal was flayed alive thus comprehensively ending the Yadava rule of Devagiri. In 1345, Devagiri was passed into the hands of Hasan Gangu , the founder of Bahamani dynasty.
However, Khandesh formed the southern boundary of the Tughluq empire . In 1370, Firuz Shah Tughlaq assigned the district of Thalner and Karavanda to Malik Raja Faruqi, the founder of Faruqi dynasty . His family claimed descent from the Caliph Umar al Faruq . He established himself at Thalner. The Governor of Gujarat honored Malik Raja with the title Sipahsalar of Khandesh . From the title Khan the region came to be known as Khandesh: the country of the Khan . By 1382, he became a completely independent ruler of Khandesh. At the time of his accession, Khandesh was a backward region populated by a few thousand Bhils and Kolis . The sole prosperous area in Khandesh was Asirgarh , populated by the rich cowherds, Ahirs . One of the first acts of Malik Raja was taking steps to develop the agriculture in his kingdom.
During his rule he was able to increase his area of control to such an extent that even the Gond Raja of Mandla was forced to pay tribute to him. Soon after his accession as an independent ruler, he attacked Gujarat and annexed Sultanpur and Nandurbar. Almost immediately, the governor of Gujarat Zafar Khan (Muzaffar Shah) retaliated and laid siege to Thalner. Malik Raja had to return all the territories annexed by him. He died on 19 April (April 28, according to Ferishta ), 1399 and was buried in Thalner
Nasir Khan or Malik Nasir (also known as Garib Khan) was the elder son of Malik Raja, who succeeded him in 1399. He commenced his rule from Laling , as Thalner was under the control of his younger brother Malik Iftikar Hasan. Soon after his accession in 1400, he captured the fort of Asirgarh and killed its Ahir ruler, Asa Ahir. It became his capital till he shifted to Burhanpur , the new city founded by him. In 1417, with the help of Malwa sultan Hoshang Shah , he captured the fort of Thalner and imprisoned his brother Malik Iftikar (who was later granted asylum in Gujarat). Next, the combined forces of Khandesh and Malwa attacked Gujarat and occupied the Sultanpur fort. But soon, Gujarat sultan Ahmad Shah’s general Malik Turk repulsed the attack and Thalner was besieged. After swearing fealty to the Gujarat sultan, the siege was ended and Ahmad Shah honoured Malik Nasir with the title of Khan .
In 1429, Nasir Khan married off his daughter to the Bahamani prince Ala ud Din (Ala ud Din Ahmad Shah II), son of Ahmad Shah I. In the same year, Raja Kanha of Jhalawar fled from Gujarat and took refuge in Asirgarh. Later on his advice, Raja Kanha went to Bidar to ask help from the Bahamani sultan Ahmad Shah I. After initial advances in Nandurbar by the Raja along with the legions of Khandesh and Bahamani army, the Gujarat army defeated the combined forces.
In 1435, Nasir Khan supported by the Raja of Gondwana and some discontented Bahamani officials attacked and captured Berar. The Bahmani governor fled to Narnala . In retaliation, the Bahamani sultan Ala ud Din Ahmad Shah II’s army led by his general Malik ut Tujjar, first defeated him in Rohankhedaghat, then followed him to Burhanpur, ransacked the city and finally crushed his army in Laling. Nasir Khan died within a few days after this humiliating defeat on 18 September (September 19, according to Ferishta), 1437. He was also buried in Thalner.
Thus, from the period 1382 to 1601 Khandesh was successfully ruled by the Faruqi dynasty. The last ruler of the Faruqi dynasty was Bahadur Shah. On 10 December 1600 Bahadur Shah surrendered to Akbar but the fort was still held by his general Yakut Khan. Asirgarh fell to the Mughals only on 17 January 1601. Khandesh was annexed to the Mughal empire.Prince Daniyal was appointed viceroy of the Subah . Bahadur Shah was taken prisoner and he died later in Agra in 1624. Khandesh was fancifully named by Akbar as Dandes after his son Daniyal.
After the Mughal Empire's decline, the Marathas took control of Khandesh and subsequently on 3 June 1818 the Maratha Peshwa surrendered Khandesh to the British rule.
Nandurbar had its own share in the Indian struggle for independence. It was here that during the Quit India Movement of 1942 Shirish Kumar , a mere boy of 15 years, lost his life by a gunshot. A small memorial has been erected in memory of Shirish Kumar in the square where he shed his blood.
Demographics
As of 2001 India census, Nandurbar District had a population of 1,309,135, being 50.62% male and 49.38% female. Nandurbar District has an average literacy rate of 46.63%: male literacy is 55.11%, and female literacy is 37.93%.
Languages
Languages spoken include Ahirani , a Kandeshi tongue with approximately 780 000 speakers, similar to Marathi andBhili .; and Bareli Pauri , a Bhil language with approximately 175 000 speakers, written in the Devanagari script .
Others are: Marathi , Hindi , Bhili , Gujar /Gujrathi and Kokani .
Transport and Communication • Total railway Lines length :90 km • No of villages connected by road • 12 Months :671 • Temporary :262 • Total length of the roads :4338 km • Total length of National Highway :44 km • Total length of State
Education
• Nandurbar District has 1354 primary schools with 4497 teachers teaching 1,59,502 students; that comes to 36 students per teacher. • Around 257 secondary schools with 2765 teachers teaching 1,31,554 students, and no of students per teacher comes to 48. • Total colleges for higher studies, including medical and engineering, is 30, and more than 8580 students enroll each year. • Nandurbar District also has 6 Government ITI (Industrial Training Institutes) and 2 private ITI having 1444 students in total. • 3 VJNT Pri. School [Mhasawad, Akrale & Nandrakhe] 2 high schools, 1 junior college • 1 SC Residential School Shahada
Economy
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Nandurbar one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of640 ). It is one of the twelve districts in Maharashtra currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
Industries
• Total Registered Factories: 346 • Total Registered & running Factories: 346 • Cooperative Sugar Factories: 3 • Total Spinning Mills: 2 • Total Cooperative Societies 1400 • Primary Agricultural Credit Societies Total: 159 • Members: 47448 • Cooperative Milk Societies: 392
Agriculture
• Main Crops Jawar , Wheat, Rice, Toor , Groundnuts , Chilly • Annual Crops Sugarcane , Cotton • Area Under Cultivation :2,53,413 Ha • Crop Pattern Kharif (approx. 800 villages), Rabi (approx. 130 villages) • Fruits :Mango , Sitaphal , Banana
Climate
Nandurbar
Climate chart (explanation )
J F M A M J J A S O N D
7 1.2 1.4 1.8 9.2 109 374 135 123 40 16 3.5 25 27 32 37 38 33 28 27 30 31 28 25 11 13 18 22 25 25 23 22 21 19 15 12 Average max. and min. temperatures in °C Precipitation totals in mm
The Climate of Nandurbar District is generally Hot and Dry. As the rest of India Nandurbar District has three distinct seasons; Summer, Monsoon /Rainy and the Winter season. Summer is from March to mid of June. Summers are usually hot and dry. During the month of May the summer is at its peak. Temperatures can be as high as 45° Celsius during the peak of Summer. The Monsoon sets in during the mid or end of June. During this season the weather is usually humid and hot. The northern and western regions receive more rainfall than the rest of the region. The average rainfall is 767 mm through the district. [10] Winter is from the month of November to February. Winters are mildly cold but dry.
Seasons Start End
Summer March Mid June
Monsoon mid June October
Winter November February
[hide ]Climate data for Nandurbar
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Average 25 27 36 42 43 35 28 27 30 high °C (°F) (77) (81) (97) (108) (109) (95) (82) (81) (86)
Average low°C 11 13 18 22 25 25 23 22 21 (°F) (52) (55) (64) (72) (77) (77) (73) (72) (70)
Precipitation mm 7.00 1.18 1.42 1.79 9.15 108.62 373.63 134.91 122.75 (inches) (0.2756) (0.0465) (0.0559) (0.0705) (0.3602) (4.2764) (14.7098) (5.3114) (4.8327)
Religion Prakasha – Dakshin Kashi
• Prakasha , one of the famous religious places, also known as Dakshin Kashi, is in Shahada Tehsil . The temple of Prakasha is very old. • One of the famous temples of God Shree Ganesha (Heramb) is at Jaynagar , 24 km away from Shahada. Hundreds of thousands of people visit this temple on the occasion of Mangli Chathurthi . • Shri Datta temple is at Sarangkheda . Every year a big fair is organised on the eve ofDatta Jayanti which has main attraction of sale of horses. • Umaj Mata temple is at Shinda . Every year a big fair is organised on the eve of Ashatami (December). • Hingani is a small village between Shahada and Shirpur . People there conduct the "Mahavakya " & "Mahakavya " of the Mahanubhav panth. [11] • Ashwashthama and Shanimandal religious places are also in this district. • Dandapaneshwar Ganesh Mandir • Devi Mogra Mata is mother goddess of Adivasis . Malda Mogra Tal Taloda is famous village related to Devi Mogra mata. • Saint Gulam Maharaj Ranjanpur Tal Taloda is Saint of adivasi, who took away them from addiction of alcohol. • Toranmal 1076 mtr high pick is famous place for Navnath .
Demographics
According to the 2011 census Nandurbar district has a population of 1,646,177, roughly equal to the nation of Guinea Bissau or the US state of Idaho . This gives it a ranking of 304th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 276 inhabitants per square kilometre (710/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 25.5%. Nandurbar has a sex ratio of 972 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 63.04%.
Tourist places in Nandurbar District[edit ]
• Toranmal is the second coolest hill station in Maharashtra state and is near Shahada (approx. 40 km). It is the second highest place in Maharashtra . It has a natural lake called Yashwant Lake which is natural and full of flowering lotus . It is a good place for sight seeing and picnic. • Asthamba one of the religious place of Nandurbar district is in Akrani Tahsil (also known as Dhadgaon ). One of the popular fair of tribals from south Gujrat and north west Maharashtra is the Asthamba fair. This fair is held during Diwali festival seasion for 10 to 15 days. Asthamba is a mythological character from Hindu epic called Mahabharat . Tribals say he is also known as Ashvasthama, a male character and son of Dronacharya . Nandurbar Akkalkua Dab Valimba Astamba) Approx. 70 km from Nandurbar. • Unapdev (25 km from Sh āhāda) is a pleasant picnic point in Shahada tehsil. It has a permanent natural hot water source, and it flows throughout the year from a structure in the shape of a cow's mouth. •
NASHIK DISTRICT
Nashik district , also known as Nasik district , is a district in Maharashtra ,India . The city of Nashik is the administrative headquarters of the district.
Nashik district has an area of 15,530 square kilometres. It is bounded byDhule district to the north, Jalgaon district to the east, Aurangabad district to the southeast, Ahmadnagar district to the south, Thane district to the southwest, Valsad and Navsari districts of Gujarat to the west, and The Dangs district to the northwest.
The Western Ghats or Sahyadri range stretches from north to south across the western portion of the district. With the exception of the westernmost few villages, the western portion is hilly, and intersected by ravines, and only the simplest kind of cultivation is possible. The western slope of the Ghats is drained by several rivers, including the Daman Ganga River , which drains westwards to the Arabian Sea .
The larger eastern portion of the district, which lies on the Deccan Plateau , is open, fertile, and well cultivated. The Chander Range, which runs east and west, forms the chief divide of the plateau region. TheGodavari River originates in the district and drains east towards the Bay of Bengal , and all the streams to the south of the Chander Range, including the Kadwa and Darna , are tributaries of the Godavari. To the north of the Chander Range, the Girna River and its tributary, the Mosam , flow eastward through fertile valleys into the Tapti River .
History
In the 18th century, the present day Nashik district was part of the Maratha Confederacy , within the territory controlled directly by the MarathaPeshwa . The district contains several old hill forts, the scenes of many engagements during the Anglo Maratha Wars . The district became British territory in 1818 on the overthrow of the Peshwa . The present day district was initially divided between Kandesh and Ahmadnagar districts ofBombay Presidency , a province of British India . Nashik district was created in 1869. The population in 1901 was 816,504, showing a decrease of 3% in the decade 1891 1901. The principal crops were millet, wheat, pulse, oil seeds, cotton and sugar cane. There were also some vineyards, and much garden cultivation. Yeola was an important centre for weaving silk and cotton goods. There were flour mills at Malegaon , railway workshops at Manmad and Igatpuri , and cantonments at Deolali and Malegaon. AtSharanpur was a Christian village, with an orphanage of the Church Missionary Society , founded in 1854. In 1861 the main northeast line of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway was completed across the district, and in 1878 a chord line was completed between Manmad , on the northeast line in Nashik district, and Daund , on the southeast line in Pune district . From India's independence in 1947 up to 1960, Nashik district was part of Bombay State , which split into the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat .
Climate
Extremes: max 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) on May 12, 1960, at Nasik. The lowest, also at Nasik, was 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) on January 7, 1945.
[2]
Climate data for Nashik district
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
Average 29 31 35 37 37 32 28 27 29 32 high °C (°F) (84) (88) (95) (99) (99) (90) (82) (81) (84) (90)
Average low °C 10 12 16 20 22 23 22 21 21 18 (°F) (50) (54) (61) (68) (72) (73) (72) (70) (70) (64)
Precipitation mm 1.2 0.5 1.0 4.7 15.1 154.9 315.0 259.0 183.3 68.0 (inches) (0.047) (0.02) (0.039) (0.185) (0.594) (6.098) (12.402) (10.197) (7.217) (2.677)
Demographics
According to the 2011 census Nashik district has a population of 6,109,052, [5] roughly equal to the nation of El Salvador or the US state of Missouri . This gives it a ranking of 11th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 393 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,020/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001 2011 was 22.33%. Nashik has a sex ratio of 931 females for every 1000 males, [5] and a literacy rate of 80.96%. The district is 75.64% urban as of 2007.
Geology
Red orange fluorite balls on drusyquartz , Mahodari, Nasik District. These are considered to be the finest red fluorite balls in the world.
The entire Nashik district is underlain by the basaltic lava flows. These flows are normally horizontally disposed over a wide stretch and give rise to table land type of topography also known a plateau. These flows occur in layered sequences and represented by massive unit at the bottom and vesicular unit at the top of the flow.The shallow alluvial formation of recent age also occurs as narrow stretch along the banks of Godavari Rivers.The soils are the weathering products of Basalt and have various shades from gray to black, red and pink color. [9]
Languages
Marathi is the official and main language spoken. Various dialects are spoken in smaller parts of northern district that include Ahirani and Bhili . With religious places like Nashik , Trimbakeshwar , ancient Indian language Sanskrit is spoken and widely understood.
Divisions
Administratively, the district is divided into fifteen talukas , which are grouped into four sub divisions:
• Nashik sub division: Dindori , Igatpuri , Nashik , Nashik Road , Peth , Trimbakeshwar , • Malegaon sub division: Chandwad , Malegaon , Nandgaon • Niphad sub division: Niphad , Sinnar , Yeola • Kalwan sub division, Deola , Kalwan , Baglan (Satana ), Surgana
• The Nashik district is under proposal to be bifiurcated and a separate Malegaon District be carved out of existing Nashik district with the inclusion of the north eastern parts of Nashik district which include Malegaon , Nandgaon , Deola ,Baglan , and Kalwan talukas in the proposed Malegaon district. Notable towns
• Ozar Mig is 20 km from Nashik, 3 km from Ozar city. It once was famous for pots of brass. It has a marathi and English medium school, a junior college of science & commerce and a college. Other notable features include Annapurna hotel, a stadium basketball court, Gajju coffee shop and a Kino theater.
Sinnar, a taluka, is one the prime city nashik is looking forward. India's one of big SEZ project is under development in Sinnar. Public service sector like Central bus stop, municipality offices, Setu offices are few of the major ornaments of this city.
Places of interest
The Kumbh mela is held after every twelve years at Nashik.
• Trimbakeshwar One of the twelve Jyotirlingas • Vani or SaptaShrungi • Muktidham • Kalaram Temple • Ozar • Kalsubai • Chandwad • Someshwar • Mangi Tungi • Devlali • Ankai Fort • Yeola Paithani
AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT
Ahmednagar district (अहमदनगर in Marathi/Hindi) is the largest district ofMaharashtra state in western India . The historical Ahmednagar city is the headquarters of the district. Ahmednagar was the seat of the Ahmednagar Sultanate of late medieval period (1496– 1636 CE). This district is known for the town of Shirdi associated with Sai Baba . Ahmednagar district is part of Nashik Division .
The neighbouring districts to Ahmednagar district are Solapur (South East SE), Osmanabad (SE), Beed (SE), Aurangabad (NE), Nashik (NW),Thane (N W), and Pune (SW).
History History of Ahmednagar
Although Ahmadnagar district was created as early as in 1818, modern history of Ahmadnagar may be said to have commenced from 1869, the year in which parts of Nasik and Sholapur which till then had comprised Nagar were separated and the present Nagar district was formed. Ahmednagar District was created after the defeat of the Maratha Confederacy in the Third Anglo Maratha War in 1818, when most of thePeshwa 's domains were annexed to British India . The district remained part of the Central division of Bombay Presidency until India's independence in 1947, when it became part of Bombay State , and in 1960 the new state of Maharashtra.
Economy
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Ahmednagar one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640 ). It is one of the twelve districts in Maharashtra currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
Divisions[edit ]
Ahmednagar district consists of fourteen talukas (tahsils). These talukas are Akole , Jamkhed , Karjat , Kopargaon , Nagar , Nevasa , Parner , Pathardi ,Rah ata , Rahuri , Sangamner , Shevgaon , Shrigonda , Shrirampur .[2] The district has twelve Vidhan Sabha constituencies, six in each of the two parliamentary constituencies. For the Shirdi Parliamentary Constituency (SC) these are: #216 Akole (ST), #217 Sangamner , #218 Shirdi , #219Kopergaon , #220 Shrirampur (SC), and #221 Newasa . For theAhmednagar Parliamentary Constituency these are: #222 Shevgaon , #223Rahuri , #224 Parner , #225 Ahmednagar City , #226 Shrigonda and #227Karjat Jamkhed .
The Ahmednagar district is under proposal to be divided and a separate Shrirampur District be carved out of existing Ahmednagar district with the inclusion of the northern parts of Ahmednagar district which include Rahata , Rahuri ,Shrirampur , Sangamner , Akole , Kopargaon , and Nevasa talukas in the proposed Shrirampur district.
Ralegaon Siddhi is a village in the district that is considered a model of environmental conservation .
Demographics
In the 2001 India census, Ahmednagar district had a population of 4,040,642. At that time the district was 19.89% urban. Males represented 51.55% of the population, and females 48.45%, for a sex ratio of 940 females per thousand males in 2001.
In the 2001 census, the majority of the population in Ahmednagar was Hindu, but there were other religious groups such as Christians, Muslims, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains and Zoroastrians in smaller numbers. According to census, Hindus were 82%, Muslims 9%, Christians 5% and others were 4%.
In the 2011 census Ahmednagar district recorded a population of 4,543,083, roughly equal to the nation of Costa Rica or the US state of Louisiana . This gave it a ranking of 33rd among the districts of India (out of a total of 640) The district had a population density of 266 inhabitants per square kilometre (690/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001 2011 was 12.43% Ahmadnagar had a sex ratio of 934 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 80.22%.
Culture[edit ] Islam arrived in Ahmednagar during the Tughlaq dynasty. There are many Muslim monuments like Chand Bibi Mahal, Faria Baug, Ground Fort and many dargas (mosques), and they are found in main town and cities.
Christianity arrived in the 18th century when the British took over the area from the Maratha empire onwards. Christianity has been Ahmednagar's third largest religion, found all over the district except in the south west. In Ahmednagar Christians are Hindu converts and many Christians are a result of the American Marathi mission and the mission of theChurch of England 's Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. [11] During the British era Ahmednagar was part of Bombay presidency . The first Protestant Christian mission in the district was opened in 1831. Every village has one or more resident families as Christian and every village has its own church for worship. [12] Ahmednagar's Christians are calledMarathi Christians and a majority of them are Protestants , plus large scale of Banjara communities [13]
Personalities [edit ]
• B. J. Khatal Patil Ex. Cabinet Minister of Maharashtra, a senior Maharashtra leader and a veteran Congressman. • Zaheer Khan Shrirampur City born (7 October 1978) Indian Cricketer who has been a Key member of the Indian cricket team since 2000. He also played for Worcestershire in County Cricket and plays for Mumbai in Indian domestic cricket. He is currently the second most successful Indian pace bowler in Test match cricket, behind Kapil Dev. • Ghansham Sharma , Famous Astrologer, vaastu consultant and Vedic research Advisor. • Amit Dahanukar Chairman and Managing director,Tilaknagar Industries,Shrirampur. • Shri.J Y Tekawade Former MLC, Maharashtra & Former Mayor Shrirampur & Chairman Shrirampur Education Trust • Jayantrao Sasane Former MLA, Maharashtra & Former Chairman of Shri Sai Baba Santhan Trust, SHIRDI. • Dagdu Maruti Pawar (1935–1996), a Marathi author and poet known for his contributions to Dalit literature .[15] He was born in Dhamangaon, Akole taluka . • Anna Hazare • Bhausaheb Thorat (12 Jan 1924 14 Mar 2010), a leader of farmers and Indian National Congress legislator. He was well known in the cooperative movement, founder of the Sangamner Cooperative Sugar Mill, and former president of the Sangamner taluka and State Cooperative Bank. He is recognized for his work in Sangamner taluka and Akole taluka . Concerned about global warming, Bhausaheb Thorat has led a campaign to plant 45 million trees every year. In the epic Ramayana , the sage Agastya turned the arid Dandakaranya into a green heaven through a massive drive of tree planting. A book, The Man Who Planted Trees , an allegorical tale by French author Jean Giono, also inspired Bhausaheb Thorat. For this he started the Dandakaranya Abhiyaan in June 2006 at Sangamner. [16] • Pankaj shirsat PANKAJ SHIRSAT CAPTAION OF INDIAN KABBADI TEAM IN 2nd KABBADI WORLD CUP.