Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan

2019 - 2025

Pre-Submission

Consultation Draft

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ...... 4 Map 1 - Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Plan Boundary ...... 4 Background ...... 5 Planning Policy Context ...... 5 Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Vision ...... 6 Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Objectives ...... 6 Allithwaite and Cartmel Parish ...... 7 Figure 1: Resident Population – Allithwaite and Cartmel (Census 2011) ...... 9 Figure 2: Age Structure – Allithwaite and Cartmel (Census 2011) ...... 9 Figure 3: Housing Data – Allithwaite and Cartmel (Census 2011) ...... 10 2. Policies ...... 11 2.1 Built Environment and Heritage Assets ...... 11 General Design Principles ...... 11 Cartmel Conservation Area ...... 12 Map 2 – Cartmel Conservation Area ...... 14 2.2 Green Infrastructure and Landscape Character ...... 15 Landscape Character ...... 15 Local Green Spaces ...... 18 Map 3 – Allithwaite Green Spaces ...... 20 Map 4 – Cartmel Green Spaces ...... 21 Green Infrastructure and Biodiversity ...... 21 Dark Skies ...... 23 Equestrian Related Development ...... 24 2.3 Active travel ...... 24 2.4 Future Residential Development ...... 25 General Residential Development ...... 25 Second Homes ...... 26 Figure 4: Housing Data – Allithwaite and Cartmel (Census 2011) ...... 27 Caravans and Chalet Parks ...... 28 2.5 Building a Vibrant Community ...... 29 3. Implementation ...... 31 Appendix 1 – Relevant Local and National Policies and Guidance ...... 32 National Planning Policy Framework ...... 32 South Lakeland District Council Planning Policies ...... 38 South Lakeland Core Strategy (Adopted October 2010) ...... 38 South Lakeland Land Allocations DPD (Adopted Dec 2013) ...... 38

South Lakeland Development Management Policies DPD ...... 39 Appendix 2 – Evidence Base ...... 40 Appendix 3 – Allithwaite and Cartmel Planning Opportunities ...... 41 Appendix 4 – Allithwaite and Cartmel Design Guide ...... 50

1. Introduction

1.1 This plan has been prepared using data from the 2011 Census, the results of resident’s questionnaire in 2014 and community presentations in the Parish in 2016.

1.2 The Parish is currently known as ‘Lower Allithwaite’ however, the parish council at their April 2019 meeting have asked SLDC (who are currently conducting a Community Governance Review (CGR) of the whole District) to change the name to ‘Allithwaite and Cartmel Parish Council, to reflect the difference in the two villages and this has been reflected within the draft plan.

1.3 Allithwaite and Cartmel Parish Council decided to prepare a Neighbourhood Development Plan for The Parish in October 2014 and applied to South Lakeland District Council for designation as a neighbourhood area on 15th October 2014. The application for designation was approved by the District Council on 5th February 2015. The designated Neighbourhood Area is the same as the Parish Council Boundary and is shown on Map 1. This includes the villages of Allithwaite and Cartmel and outlying areas.

Map 1 - Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Plan Boundary

Background

1.4 The Allithwaite and Cartmel NDP has been prepared taking into consideration extensive community engagement and involvement through the Allithwaite and Cartmel Community Plan (June 2013) and the Cartmel Township Initiative, the Allithwaite Community Orchard consultation and the Allithwaite P4C Bid consultation.

1.5 A steering group comprising Parish Councillors and local residents has been established to progress work on the plan, members:

Chair - Cllr Mike Lamb Ms Wendy Graham - Cllr Barry Dean Ms Lynne Witton - Cllr Steve Sim Mr Ian Holcroft - Cllr Caroline Johnson Mr Colin Burke

1.6 Consultations took place in the Community Centre Allithwaite on the 13th and 19th July 2016, the results of the questionnaires are contained in a supporting document.

Planning Policy Context

1.7 The Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan must take account of national planning policy. This is contained in the revised National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) published July 2018 and the online National Planning Policy Guidance (NPPG).

1.8 This means the Neighbourhood Development Plan must “plan positively to promote local development” and must “support the strategic development needs” set out in South Lakeland District Council’s Development Plan Documents. Therefore, our Neighbourhood Development Plan has been prepared to be in “general conformity” with South Lakeland District Council’s existing planning policies contained in the following documents:

• South Council Core strategy adopted 2010 • South Lakeland Land Allocations Development Plan Document adopted December 2013 • Saved Local Plan policies adopted 1997

1.9 In addition, the Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan must take account of emerging planning policies contained within the emerging Development Management Development Plan Document

1.10 A full list of relevant policies is included at Appendix 1

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Vision

1.11 The Neighbourhood Development Plan sets of the vision for the area that reflects the thoughts of the local communities. The vision is as follows

By 2025 Allithwaite and Cartmel will include two very different villages and a number of small rural settlements scattered throughout the countryside. The quality of the landscape has been protected from intrusive developments.

In Allithwaite the village will be enhanced by a number of developments which are well integrated, linked directly to the village with pedestrian circulation having been significantly enhanced. Traffic management has resulted in a quieter, safer village.

In Cartmel, the heritage aspects of the village have been enhanced, protected and reflected in the wider village area. Traffic and parking management schemes have improved access to the many businesses; and residents and visitors benefit from improved circulation.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Objectives

1.12 The following objectives are taken from the Allithwaite and Cartmel Community Plan completed and adopted in 2013.

1.13 For the vision of the Neighbourhood Development Plan to be realised, planning decisions need to reflect its objectives. Consultation and engagement with local residents demonstrated that there were also other matters of importance to them, which need to be addressed as part of realising the vision. These are set out in the following 12 community objectives.

Objective Description

1 To protect the built environment both in the villages and in the wider countryside and raise awareness of Cartmel’s Conservation Area.

2 To protect locally significant green spaces and views both within the villages and in the surrounding countryside from inappropriate development.

3 To protect and enhance the locally, nationally and internationally recognised natural environments

4 To protect and enhance existing levels of access to the local countryside

5 To promote safer use of the wider road network, to ensure safer pedestrian and cycle access within the Parish, improve and enhance the cycle network, and improve disabled access to the footpath network.

6 To ensure housing stock meets local affordable needs and enables people of all ages to continue to resident within the local area.

7 To ensure new housing developments are of a scale, design and density that reflects the character of the surrounding area 8 To ensure the proportion of permanent dwellings to holiday homes remains at a level that supports a sustainable local community.

9 To ensure caravan and chalet parks are well contained in the landscape and remain proportional to the size of the residential villages and hamlets

10 To ensure a range of local businesses thrive and are well supported by broad band connections

11 To ensure the tourist economy grows in a way which supports and enhances the environment and does not adversely impact on traffic and parking issues.

12 To ensure community facilities support and enhance the wellbeing of residents of all ages.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Parish

1.14 Allithwaite and Cartmel is a Civil Parish in the South Lakeland District of the county of Cumbria.

1.15 It is bounded to the north by the Lake District National Park and the Morecambe Bay RAMSAR area to the South.

1.16 It includes two villages and a number of small hamlets and scattered farmsteads. There are also a number of caravan and chalet parks which, in addition to the growing number of second homes and holiday lets, significantly increase the population of the area for virtually the whole year.

1.17 In Allithwaite, archaeological evidence shows that the area has been settled since the Bronze age but the village has only developed since the mid C19 when the then owners of Boarbank Hall built the Church and school and provided a focus for the existing scattered farmsteads.

1.18 The village is sited on higher ground with magnificent views in all directions. To the south and west is the coastal plain and Humphrey Head which is a SSSI limestone Ridge stretching out towards the important RAMSAR site of Morecambe Bay. To the north views are towards the Lake District Fells. The village is sheltered from the east by the limestone ridge of Wartbarrow also a SSSI.

1.19 Allithwaite has a wide range of well supported community facilities including a primary school with nursery, children’s playground, community orchard and meadow, allotments, a community centre and playing field, church, post office and shop, charity shop and pub.

1.20 Its main problem is that it is divided by the B5277 road and there are many gaps in the footpath network which deter people from walking confidently around the village.

1.21 Cartmel nestles in the valley of the river Eea where the village has grown around the medieval grade 1 listed Priory church. The low-lying pasture land which surrounds the Priory church is an important feature; as are the low round drumlin type hills to the south of the village at Headless Cross. A large part of the village lies within flood zones 2 and 3 and this does restrict areas suitable for any future growth. The conservation area includes the older part of the village and a few very ordinary newer developments have created the impression of a village of two halves.

1.22 The village has three places of worship with Methodist and Quaker chapels in addition to the Church of England Priory church. The latter is, itself, an important visitor destination. There is a Primary school, Montessori Nursery and secondary school as well as doctor’s surgery and village hall and allotments. A large range of shops, pubs, cafes and restaurants, one of which is Michelin 2 star, all support local and visitor needs and add to its attraction as a visitor destination.

1.23 The racecourse – once used 5 times a year for popular horse races is now developing into a venue regularly used throughout the summer for a number of large events. It also provides the home for the football club, cricket club and scouts.

1.24 Managing the increased pressures caused by traffic wishing to visit this destination or attend events has been the focus of a recent village project – “The Cartmel Township Initiative.”

Resident Population

Schoolchild or full-time student 41

Lives in a communal establishment 62

Lives in a household 1,769

Females 962

Males 869

All usual residents 1,831

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000

Figure 1: Resident Population – Allithwaite and Cartmel (Census 2011)

1.25 The Census Statistics for Allithwaite and Cartmel indicates that the Parish has a resident population of 1,783 in 2003 and 1,811 in 2011. There is higher proportion older residents than South Lakeland, and England 31.5% of the Allithwaite and Cartmel population were aged 65+ years and older compared to 24.2% in South Lakeland and 16.3% in England.

1.26 However slightly fewer of the 16-74 year olds are economically active 66.9% compared to 70.4% for South Lakeland though a higher number are self- employed 26.2% compared to 20.8% in the District and 14% nationally.

Age Structure

Age 90 and over 29 Age 85 to 89 61 Age 75 to 84 190 Age 65 to 74 296 Age 60 to 64 172 Age 45 to 59 421 Age 30 to 44 253 Age 25 to 29 46 Age 20 to 24 58 Age 18 to 19 36 Age 16 to 17 44 Age 15 17 Age 10 to 14 70 Age 8 to 9 29 Age 5 to 7 54 Age 0 to 4 55 All usual residents 1,831 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000

Figure 2: Age Structure – Allithwaite and Cartmel (Census 2011)

1.27 Allithwaite and Cartmel has a relatively high proportion of detached houses (45.5% of dwellings compared to South Lakeland, 30.8%) and a low proportion of flats (6.0% of dwellings compared to South Lakeland 15.6%. 83.2% of households in Allithwaite and Cartmel are owner occupied, compared to 73% in South Lakeland, with 5.7% of households being social rented accommodation compared to 10.7% in South Lakeland.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Housing data

Caravan or mobile 18

Flat or Tenant 16

Terraced 187

Semi-detached 271

Detached 446

2nd Homes 159

Residents 822

All dwellings 981

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Figure 3: Housing Data – Allithwaite and Cartmel (Census 2011)

1.28 In terms of transport and accessibility, households are very reliant on private cars with 90.9% of households having 1 car or more compared to 84.7% across South Lakeland.

1.29 The villages are served by the Furness railway with stations at Cark and Kents Bank being within 2-3 mile of each village. The bus service is more intermittent and does not facilitate most journeys to work.

2. Policies

This section sets out the planning policies to guide development in Allithwaite and Cartmel up to 2025.

The policies are defined below each objective. Whilst the policies are divided between the objectives the plan should be read as a whole and should be read in conjunction with the relevant policies of the South Lakeland Development Plan Documents.

2.1 Built Environment and Heritage Assets

Objective 1 - To protect the built environment both in the villages and in the wider countryside and raise awareness of Cartmel’s Conservation Area.

General Design Principles

2.1.1 A questionnaire was conducted in 2012, and the results fed into the production of a Community Plan for the Parish in 2013. The frequently voiced message was one that in the future that the area and the villages would stay the same. On the whole respondents appreciated how their village looked, and the surrounding countryside was as much if not more important.

2.1.2 The following policies seek to ensure that all development within the Parish is of an appropriate design and nature that allows the parish to grow in a way that retains the existing character.

Policy LANP1 – Design Principles

All new development will be expected to respond positively to the key attributes of the parish and local design features of the villages.

Development will not be supported where it has a detrimental impact on the character of the area in which it is located. All new development will be supported when it meets the following criteria:

A. Has taken account of the Allithwaite and Cartmel Parish Design Guide (Appendix 4); and

B. Makes a contribution to local identity, and sense of place; and

C. Is suitable in terms of the overall design and appearance of the proposed development (including materials, size, scale, density, layout, access) when assessed in relationship with the best features of the context within which the development is located; and

D. Demonstrates that consideration has been given to the amenities of existing residences and does not result in the loss of an area which makes a contribution to public amenity by virtue of its open space character, appearance and function; and

E. Includes measures that seek to improve pedestrian facilities and linkages in the Parish and between villages to encourage walking and cycling. Does not preclude the implementation of future footpath links throughout the Parish; and

F. Contributes to reducing carbon emissions, including maximising solar gain through orientation of properties and the installation of solar panels.

Cartmel Conservation Area

2.1.3 The Cartmel Conservation area is an asset to the Parish. The conservation area includes not only the two separate built up areas that form the settlement but also the immediate landscape setting around the village to the north, south, and west, as well as a narrow corridor of meadow land which separates the two discrete built up areas.

2.1.4 Conservation Areas are ‘’areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance’’ (Planning (Listed Buildings & Conservation Areas) Act, 1990.

2.1.5 Local authorities are advised to review their Conservation Areas from time to time and to ensure that they have up to date character appraisals, which set out their special interest and provide the basis for development control and enhancement proposals. In addition, English Heritage advises that:

‘it is essential for local authorities to regularly re-evaluate and confirm the importance of the conservation areas in their districts, to be clear about the special interest which it is sought to preserve or enhance in those areas, and to adopt a firm framework for their management in order to achieve this.’ (Conservation Area Practice, English Heritage, 1995, p 4.1).

2.1.6 The Cartmel Conservation Area was designated in 1969 by the Lancashire County Council, with the agreement of North Lonsdale Rural District Council, but no subsequent reviews of the area have been undertaken since that time. A draft character appraisal was prepared by the Conservation Officer in Development Strategy of South Lakeland District Council in 2008 and approved in March 2009.

2.1.7 The character appraisal seeks to establish and evaluate the spatial characteristics and particular townscape and architectural qualities of the area. It is organised around these three particular themes:

• Spatial Structure (describing the urban framework: which includes plot sizes and building density, the hierarchy of routes and the incidence and typology of public and private spaces, etc);

• A Summary of Townscape Character (which includes a definition of key landmarks, the identification of significant views and vistas, types of approaches, gateways, sense of enclosure, key open spaces and the impact of natural elements such as trees and any wider woodland planting, etc); and

• A Definition of Architectural Quality (which examines and evaluates the contribution made by listed buildings, key unlisted buildings, building forms and uses, building materials and decoration, and so on).

2.1.8 Cartmel was historically situated in the historic county of Lancashire within the Cartmel peninsular that was popularly known as ‘Lancashire beyond the Sands’. It is now located within the modern county of Cumbria and the local government district of South Lakeland and is a medium sized village, the civil parish of which had a resident population of 1,783 in 2003. Located 21km south west of Kendal, over 100 km from the county town of Carlisle, the nearest small town is Grange over Sands, a secondary retail centre some 5km to the south east.

2.1.9 The Neighbourhood Plan seeks to create a village in which new developments reflect the aspirations of the conservation area management plan creating a unified village. The emerging Cartmel Conservation Area Management Plan (CAMP) is being prepared at the time of writing (January 2019), and when finalised will be adopted by South Lakeland District Council and a Supplementary Planning Document (SPD). Once finalised the Cartmel Conservation Area Management Plan will inform future development within it.

2.1.10 Residents from Cartmel felt there should be greater enforcement and supervision of conservation area planning principles. The production of a Conservation Area Management Plan for Cartmel will provide a more specific policy with which to control inappropriate development including the insertion of unsuitable windows and door which were mentioned frequently by residents.

Policy LANP2 – Development within Cartmel Conservation Area and its setting.

All new development within the Cartmel Conservation Area (Map 2) or within its setting will be expected to maintain and where possible enhance the positive attributes of the Conservation Area and its setting as defined in South Lakeland District Council’s Cartmel Conservation Area Character Appraisal (2009).

Development should not be intrusive and block the visual appreciation of the Cartmel Conservation Area or its setting.

Map 2 – Cartmel Conservation Area

2.2 Green Infrastructure and Landscape Character

Objectives 2 and 3

Objective 2 - To protect locally significant green spaces and views both within the villages and in the surrounding countryside from inappropriate development.

Objective 3 - To protect and enhance the locally, nationally and internationally recognised natural environments

Landscape Character

2.2.1 The Community Plan questionnaire results indicate that open spaces in the villages were greatly valued – 91% of respondents indicated such spaces were very or fairly important. In addition, the quality of the surrounding countryside was seen as being of equal or more importance.

2.2.2 70% of people stated that they admired views every single day, these ranging across all areas of the parish. Walking was the most popular activity with 86% of people walking at least weekly and most of them daily. Apart from pure relaxation, which came second to walking, a variety of sports and other leisure activities was listed – cycling, gardening, horse riding, running and many more.

2.2.3 Various different open spaces throughout the locality were listed, including footpaths generally, Cartmel park and woods (mentioned by both Allithwaite and Cartmel residents) and Wartbarrow Lane and Fell (Allithwaite). The use of the community centre and playing fields was also referred to.

2.2.4 The character of the landscape that surrounds the villages is an important feature of the area. The quality of the countryside was a key issue in the consultation responses.

Policy LANP 3 - Protecting and Enhancing Landscape Character around Allithwaite and Cartmel

Development proposals should protect and enhance local landscape character by using locally appropriate materials, landscaping schemes and boundary treatments. Proposals should demonstrate how siting and design have taken into consideration local landscape character.

All new development should demonstrate that it takes account of the following:

A. Preserves the landscape features and setting of Cartmel and Allithwaite as identified in the Allithwaite and Cartmel Design Guide (Appendix 4). In particular they seek to minimise the encroachment of development into visually exposed landscapes and conserve existing landscape features such as trees, hedges and country lanes as intrinsic parts of new development.

B. Promote high quality residential design that respects local townscape and landscape character and reflects local vernacular building styles, layouts and materials see Allithwaite and Cartmel Design Guidance – Appendix 4.

Outside the village, the Parish’s dispersed settlement pattern should be maintained, and any new rural buildings should be located on sheltered sites below the skyline.

Significant Views

Those parts of the locally significant views identified on Map XX that are visible from locations that are freely accessible to members of the general public (for example from a public footpath, right of way, roadside, or other publicly accessible land) should be preserved and not significantly detracted from. Developments should take into consideration any adverse impacts on these views through landscape appraisals and impact studies.

Hedgerows and Dry Stone Walls

Existing field boundaries such as hedgerows, dry stone walls and lane banks are important local landscape features and should be protected.

Landscaping schemes in areas where hedgerows have been lost or are unmanaged should restore hedgerows through new planting to benefit wildlife.

Important Views

(View from Church Road towards Wartbarrow Lane)

(View from the Quarry towards Allithwaite)

(View from Hampsfell to Cartmel)

(View from Church Road to Cartmel Priory)

Local Green Spaces

2.2.5 The revised National Planning Policy Framework (February 2019), at paragraphs 99-101 empowers neighbourhood plans to designate areas of particular local importance as Local Green Space. It states that the designation can only be applied to a green space which:

• is in reasonably close proximity to the community it serves; • is demonstrably special to a local community and holds a particular local significance, for example, because of its beauty, historic significance, recreational value (including as a playing field), tranquility or richness of its wildlife; • is local in character and is not an extensive tract of land.

2.2.6 The Parish Council has stewardship green area in the middle of the village; it was decided to turn the area into an area which was more accessible to grownups and children.

2.2.7 These Local Green Spaces (LGS) are areas which are attractive, or of historic significance, or of recreational value, or a combination of these. All are highly visible and appreciated by many residents as well as by visitors to the parish.

2.2.8 After public consultation the area was planned to be a Community Orchard and Meadow which is clean to walk and contains a large number of old varieties of apples, a meadow area, a wild life strip and an apiary and a permitted footpath. Part of the concept is to allow children free access to the whole area and access was created from the neighbouring King George V Jubilee Play area.

(Allithwaite Orchard) 2.2.9 This is wholly a dog free area to allow the public a clean and quiet area to sit or play at their leisure and to have access to a limited number of apples during the picking season. A small picnic area has been created with a number of resting seats to take in the views. The area also includes a small group of allotments also neighbouring the KGV.

(King George V Playing Fields) (Community Allotments)

Policy LANP4 - Protecting Local Green Spaces

The following sites shown on Maps 3 and 4 are designated as Local Green Spaces:

Allithwaite

1. Allithwaite Community Playing Fields 2. King George V Playing Fields 3. Allithwaite Community Orchard 4. Allithwaite Quarry 5. Allithwaite Allotments

Cartmel

6. Cartmel Park / Cricket Ground 7. Cartmel Children’s Play Area 8. Cartmel Allotments

New development which impacts adversely on the openness of these sites, or any of the special qualities that make these spaces significant will not be permitted, except in very special circumstances.

Map 3 – Allithwaite Green Spaces

Map 4 – Cartmel Green Spaces

Green Infrastructure and Biodiversity

2.2.10 Allithwaite and Cartmel supports a range of protected and vulnerable species. The Neighbourhood Plan is recognised as an important local tool in ensuring that new development has a positive impact on green infrastructure supporting local wildlife and habitats.

2.2.11 The Community Plan identified how much residents valued the surrounding countryside. The link between Global Warming and species protection is well documented and in the community plan 54% of people supported small scale renewable energy projects.

2.2.12 Allithwaite and Cartmel also has a wealth of national land and marine based designations, both within and directly adjacent to the parish. These include:

Adjacent to • Morecambe Bay Ramsar site, • Morecambe Bay Pavements (SAC), • Morecambe Bay Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), • Morecambe Bay Special Protection Area (SPA).

Within • Roundsea Wood and Mosses National Nature Reserve (NNR) • Roundsea Wood and Mosses Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) • Roundsea Wood and Mosses Special Area Conservation (SAC) • Humphrey Head Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), • Barker Scar Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), • Wart Barrow Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), • Outley Mosses Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI),

2.2.13 Ancient Woodland sites within the parish are as follows:

• Collkeld Wood • Humphrey Head Wood • Kirkhead Wood • Hesketh Wood • Cark Shaws • Nicholas Wood • Rye Croft Wood • Hagg and Scroggs Wood • Deanholme Wood • Waitham Wood • Old Park Wood • 5 additional areas of ancient replanted wood • 2 additional areas of ancient and semi natural woodland

Policy LANP5 - Protecting and Enhancing Green Infrastructure and Biodiversity

Proposals for new development will be required to:

A. Demonstrate how the design has taken into account its potential impact on local habitats and species and ensure no adverse impact either directly or indirectly, on international, national or locally-designated sites.

B. Incorporate existing green infrastructure, Protect and enhance wild life corridors by retaining existing hedgerows and dry stone walls. Recognises the importance of and protects the existing network of country lanes.

C. Demonstrate that developments protect and enhance biodiversity and important wildlife habitats. These may include for instance use of swift bricks, bat and owl boxes, and ensuring that new and converted buildings provide nesting and roosting spaces for bats and birds. A mixture of native species typical of this locality should be incorporated in landscaping schemes which should aim to use appropriate native species trees to break up roof massing.

D. New developments are expected to contribute to a reduction in carbon emissions

E. Houses should achieve high levels on insulation and be orientated to maximise solar gain.

Dark Skies

2.2.14 It is recognised that dark skies make a significant contribution towards the character of the area at night. Cumbria has some of the darkest skies in the country, where people are still able to see the spectacular natural wonders of the stars above.

2.2.15 Dark skies are not just important for stargazers and astronomers, but also for wildlife. Around 50% of animals are nocturnal – following the light of the moon and stars so light pollution can disrupt their feeding and breeding behaviour.

2.2.16 Dark skies are integral to the tranquillity and distinctiveness of the great landscapes of the Cumbria and the neighbouring Lake District National Park. They are important to our well-being, and for the feeding, breeding and pollinating habit of nocturnal animals.

2.2.17 This issue isn’t about ridding the landscape of all lighting. People need lighting at night for many reasons. But it can be made to work so much better for ourselves and the environment. Thoughtful consideration to selection and installation of light fixtures and use of energy efficient technologies can both reduce carbon footprint and save money.

2.2.18 The following policy will be applied to all new development to ensure the darks skies are maintained for future generations.

Policy LANP 6 - Dark Skies

To minimise light pollution and to maintain the views of our night time skies, planning proposals that include external lighting and significant openings that would allow internal lighting to be seen externally will have to demonstrate the following:

(a) They have undertaken an assessment of the need for lighting and can demonstrate need; and (b) The nature of the proposed lighting is appropriate for its use and location. The Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) has provided guidance on acceptable levels of illumination for specific areas.

Applicants will be required to assess the need for lighting, whether the benefits of the lighting outweigh any harm caused and any alternative measures available.

It is recognised that many traditional buildings may have ‘significant openings’ where internal lighting will be a natural consequence.

Equestrian Related Development

2.2.19 It is recognised that the use of pasture land for the keeping of horses can significantly impact on the quality of this landscape. Poor maintenance of pasture, failure to manage manure and the subdivision of fields and erection of shelters and stabling can all significantly degrade what is valued if not managed properly. The British Horse Society provides guidance on stocking levels and pasture management and will be used to inform management

Policy LANP 7 - Equestrian related development

A. Development which is located adjacent to residential properties or within the village boundary must adhere to a strict management plan detailing agreed stocking levels, the removal of manure, and maintenance of the pasture.

B. Development which is likely to have an adverse impact on identified valued open spaces will not normally be supported unless they can demonstrate that the open pastureland will be maintained and managed in a way which does not detract from the landscape.

2.3 Active travel

Objectives 4 and 5

4. To protect and enhance existing levels of access to the local countryside.

5. To promote safer use of the wider road network, to ensure safer pedestrian and cycle access within the Parish, improve and enhance the cycle network, and improve disabled access to the footpath network.

2.3.1 In the community plan road safety was a concern for both pedestrians and vehicle users. 59% regarded road safety as a problem within the villages.

2.3.2 A consultation held in Allithwaite for a P4C bid identified a high level of concern about pedestrian safety – it identified particularly dangerous parts of Allithwaite. Parents reported that this prevented children moving around the village independently.

2.3.3 It is recognised that active travel will improve the health and wellbeing of residents. It will also make a contribution to reducing greenhouse gasses and global warming.

Policy LANP 8 – Improving pedestrian movement

Proposals for the enhancement and improvement of the existing footpath/cycleway network, and the provision of new links as shown on Map X, will be supported.

The Parish council will seek to use the Community Infrastructure levy to improve the experience of all residents in moving around and between villages.

All new proposals should include the following enhancements to maximise accessibility to residents.

A. provide pedestrian and cycle links which reflect the most direct routes to village facilities.

B. provide access to potential new routes identified on map ? which the Parish council will aim to develop in the future.

2.4 Future Residential Development

Objectives 6,7,8 and 9

6. To ensure housing stock meets local affordable needs and enables people of all ages to continue to resident within the local area.

7. Ensure new housing developments are small scale and meet the aspirations of low density and appropriate design.

8. To ensure the proportion of permanent dwellings to holiday homes remains at a level that supports a sustainable local community.

9. Caravan and Chalet parks are well contained in the landscape and remain proportional to the size of the residential villages and hamlets

General Residential Development

2.4.1 The result of the Community plan questionnaire in 2012, indicated that housing was a burning issue amongst the community. In addition, it was felt that any housing development should be small scale: 57% were in favour of just 1 to 3 houses, whereas just 9% would support developments of 10 or more.

2.4.2 On the other hand, the great majority of respondents showed strong support for affordable housing, 75% regarding this as very or fairly important. 71% of respondents supported the principle of building for local occupancy, particularly for people connected with the parish.

2.4.3 Census data shows that the villages have a higher than average older population requiring a greater number of homes to be built to life time housing standards.

2.4.4 The local road network consists of narrow country lanes. The additional vehicular movements and parking during construction periods has the potential to result in unreasonable dangers to residents.

Policy LANP 9 – New Housing in Allithwaite and Cartmel

Over the Neighbourhood Development Plan period, within the defined settlement boundaries for Allithwaite and Cartmel, (as defined on the SLDC Proposals map, proposals for new housing development will be supported where they meet the following criteria:

A. Developers will be expected to demonstrate that they can provide the required number of affordable homes in accordance with the relevant district wide Local Plan policy requirements

B. Demonstrate how the amenity of existing properties (including visual) has been considered, are small scale reflecting the roles and functions of the villages and relate well to traditional layouts and have maximised solar gain.

C. Provide a range of properties to meet both existing and future needs in accordance with the relevant district wide Local Plan policy requirements (presently Policy DM11 in the emerging Development Management DPD)

D. Proposals should seek to enhance the villages reflecting the priorities identified in the design guidance (Appendix 4). They should not feature the generic designs associated with suburban developments. They should display the locally distinctive character of the area, typically this should include a variety of style and house types including variations in roof style and building finish to more accurately reflect the diversity and traditional growth found in villages.

Second Homes

2.4.5 Over 10% of properties in the Allithwaite and Cartmel Parish are recorded as second homes. This is the highest level in South Lakeland outside of the Lake District National Park. There are also many properties which have been granted planning permission as holiday lets.

2.4.6 In Cartmel 21.3% of properties are second homes or holiday lets. The numbers are as follows:

2nd Homes % 2nd Homes Holiday Lets % Holiday Lets Domestic properties % Domestic properties 38 13.29 23 8.04 286 79.70

2.4.7 Total number of properties 347 of which 10 at the time of survey were vacant

2.4.8 In order to meet the housing needs of local people, bring greater balance and mixture to the local housing market and create new opportunities for people to live and work here, to strengthen our community and the local economy the Allithwaite and Cartmel NDP also supports the provision of full time principal residence housing in the Cartmel Electoral Division

2.4.9 This is new housing which has to be used as the principal residence of the household living in it but does not have the price controls that affordable housing does, or any local connection requirement.

2.4.10 Over the last ten years, the increase in the number of dwellings was 8% (907 in 2001, 981 in 2011), however the increase in resident population in the Parish amounted to 4% (1758 in 2001, 1831 in 2011), and the number of households increased by 5.9% (776 in 2001, 822 in 2011).

% Cartmel and Allithwaite Housing data

% Caravan or mobile 1.8

% Flat or Tenant 1.6

% Terraced 19.1

% Semi-detached 27.6

% Detached 45.5

% 2nd Homes 16.2

% Residents 83.8

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Figure 4: Housing Data – Allithwaite and Cartmel (Census 2011)

2.4.11 The Parish Council consider it important to have some control over further second homes, to ensure the sustainability of existing communities and the viability and vitality of the existing villages.

2.4.12 In order to meet the housing needs of local people, bring greater balance and mixture to the local housing market and create new opportunities for people to live and work here, to strengthen our community and the local economy the Allithwaite and Cartmel NDP also supports the provision of full time principal residence housing. This is new housing which has to be used as the principal residence of the household living in it but does not have the price controls that affordable housing does, or any local connection requirement.

Policy LANP 10 – Principle Residence Requirement

Due to the impact upon the local housing market of the continued uncontrolled growth of dwellings used for holiday accommodation (as second or holiday homes) new open market housing, excluding replacement dwellings, will only be supported where there is a restriction to ensure its occupancy as a Principal Residence.

Sufficient guarantee must be provided of such occupancy restriction through the imposition of a planning condition or legal agreement. New unrestricted second homes will not be supported at any time.

Principal Residences are defined as those occupied as the residents’ sole or main residence, where the residents spend the majority of their time when not working away from home.

The condition or obligation on new open market homes will require that they are occupied only as the primary (principal) residence of those persons entitled to occupy them. Occupiers of homes with a Principal Residence condition will be required to keep proof that they are meeting the obligation or condition and be obliged to provide this proof if/when South Lakeland District Council requests this information. Proof of Principal Residence is via verifiable evidence which could include, for example (but not limited to) residents being registered on the local electoral register and being registered for and attending local services (such as healthcare, schools etc).

Caravans and Chalet Parks

2.4.13 Allithwaite and Cartmel is a popular tourist and visitor destination due to its location on the border of the Lake District National Park. It has a well-developed range of camping, caravan and visitor accommodation. The character and quality of the landscape is fundamental to its attractiveness to visitors. This policy takes account of existing provision and takes a restrictive approach to new development to better ensure that new development supports the landscape character, giving attention to opportunities for new ways in which the camping and caravanning offer could diversify.

2.4.14 The growth of this type of development although considered to be non- permanent involves the provision of infrastructure – roads, power supplies, sewage and water which significantly impact on the rural nature of the countryside.

2.4.15 In addition, the disproportionally large increase in population puts pressure on services such as GP surgeries.

2.4.16 The following policy seeks to ensure the impact of caravans and chalet parks is limited.

Policy LANP 11 – Caravan and Chalet Parks

The provision of new, or extensions to existing, caravan or chalet parks will only be supported where:

A. There would be no harm to the character of the countryside and they are well contained within the landscape such that they are not visually intrusive both from Immediate views and from surrounding distant fells.

B. Effective screening by the planting of local native species must be well established and maintained around the edges of the site where it is not contained within a landscape form. Internal planting must be provided to break up roof massing when viewed from a distant high land.

C. The layout of such units will be required to avoid a rigid pattern which would not be in keeping with the surroundings and the space between each unit must be maintained and agreed at the planning stage.

D. The design, height and colour of future units shall have regards to the surrounding landform, long distance views and landscaping and be within an agreed range of colours.

2.5 Building a Vibrant Community

Objectives 10,11 and 12

10. A range of local businesses thrive and are well supported by broad band connections.

11 The tourist economy grows in a way which supports and enhances the environment and does not adversely impact on traffic and parking issues.

12. Community facilities support and enhance the wellbeing of residents of all ages.

2.5.1 The community plan identified the need for good internet connections both for existing businesses and for the growing number of people working from home. Concerns were expressed about infrastructure provision within the villages. In Allithwaite there are frequent reports of low water pressure in parts of the village and in Cartmel the sewage system regularly causes problems. The recent Cartmel Township report identified the movement of traffic through the medieval street pattern in Cartmel as being a major problem.

2.5.2 The CIL contribution made to the Parish is important in helping to develop improvements to highways as it is more difficult for villages to feature as a priority in any County Council Highway improvements.

2.5.3 Children in the villages valued having a convenient public play park however they identified the continuing need to improve the equipment. 29

2.5.4 The village play grounds are entirely run and funded by small groups of volunteers and do not receive any support from the District council. They represent a very important facility in villages where access to other facilities is limited. Larger developments in more urban areas will provide community play spaces but in villages the cumulative impact of a number of smaller developments will not deliver the any facilities.

2.5.5 They are also a free resource and have no opportunity to generate an income. For these reasons it is expected that all developments contribute a sum of £200 per bedroom to provide improvements and maintenance to our existing playgrounds. This is a proportionate and equable contribution to support the health and wellbeing of the community.

Policy LANP 12 - Maintaining and Enhancing Community facilities and Infrastructure

A. Developers expected to provide best available technology link to all new properties in order to support start-up businesses and people working from home.

B. Developers must show that they have considered and acted to ensure that there is no adverse impact on the infrastructure – including Utilities, Highways and Healthcare.

3. Implementation

3.1 Once the Neighbourhood Plan is “made” (the technical term for it being adopted), it will become part of the statutory planning framework for Allithwaite and Cartmel Parish. Once that has happened, the Neighbourhood Plan will be used by South Lakeland District Council (along with South Lakeland Development Plan Documents and the National Planning Policy Framework) to make decisions on planning applications. Similarly, Government planning inspectors will take account of the Neighbourhood Plan in deciding planning appeals. Allithwaite and Cartmel Parish Council will closely scrutinise all planning applications in relation to the policies in this Neighbourhood Plan; it will make representations to South Lakeland District Council in support of good proposals which accord with the policies and make objections on any which do not.

3.2 This Neighbourhood Plan also proposes some other ways in which the Parish Council will endeavour to enhance the Parish’s social well-being and conserve its environment. To make it easier for people to travel on foot, the Council will develop plans to improve key paths and work in partnership with Cumbria County Council and landowners to implement those improvements and to support enhancements to walking and cycling linkages to the National Cycle Network.

3.3 The Parish Council may consider allocating some of its Community Infrastructure Levy receipts to those improvements.

3.4 The Parish Council also commits to support preparation of a Conservation Management Plan. The Council will, over the coming years, maintain an overview of whether the Neighbourhood Plan is achieving its objectives.

3.5 Then at some time in the future, there will be a need to formally review the Plan and roll it forward to look beyond 2025. Allithwaite and Cartmel Parish Council intends to monitor progress with this Neighbourhood Plan on an annual basis.

3.6 In addition to any statutory monitoring that will be undertaken by the South Lakeland District Council, the Parish Council wishes to track whether the Plan has a positive impact on planning decisions and whether its objectives are being realised.

3.7 The Parish Council would like to acknowledge the very significant input from the people of the Parish who have contributed in a number of ways to the formulation of this plan, including those who completed the parish questionnaire, attended events, and provided geographical and historic knowledge, information dissemination and collection; also to those who participated in and contributed to the main Neighbourhood Plan Steering Group and the various sub-groups and teams formed to develop particular elements of this Plan.

Appendix 1 – Relevant Local and National Policies and Guidance

National Planning Policy Framework

The National Planning Policy Framework (revised February 2019) sets out the government’s planning policy for England. One of the basic conditions for neighbourhood plans is that they must have appropriate regard to national planning policy and guidance.

The main sections of the NPPF affecting neighbourhood plans are set out in the remainder of this section of the PPA.

The NPPF does not change the status of the development plan, that includes “made” neighbourhood plans:

“Para 2. Planning law requires that applications for planning permission be determined in accordance with the development plan2, unless material considerations indicate otherwise3.”

Footnote 2: This includes local and neighbourhood plans that have been brought into force and any spatial development strategies produced by combined authorities.

“Para 8. Achieving sustainable development means that the planning system has three overarching objectives, which are interdependent and need to be pursued in mutually supportive ways (so that opportunities can be taken to secure net gains across each of the different objectives): a) an economic objective – to help build a strong, responsive and competitive economy, by ensuring that sufficient land of the right types is available in the right places and at the right time to support growth, innovation and improved productivity; and by identifying and coordinating the provision of infrastructure; b) a social objective – to support strong, vibrant and healthy communities, by ensuring that a sufficient number and range of homes can be provided to meet the needs of present and future generations; and by fostering a well-designed and safe built environment, with accessible services and open spaces that reflect current and future needs and support communities’ health, social and cultural well-being; and c) an environmental objective – to contribute to protecting and enhancing our natural, built and historic environment; including making effective use of land, helping to improve biodiversity, using natural resources prudently, minimising waste and pollution, and mitigating and adapting to climate change, including moving to a low carbon economy.”

“Para 10. So that sustainable development is pursued in a positive way, at the heart of the Framework is a presumption in favour of sustainable development (paragraph 11).”

“Para 11 Plans and decisions should apply a presumption in favour of sustainable development.

For plan-making this means that:

a) plans should positively seek opportunities to meet the development needs of their area, and be sufficiently flexible to adapt to rapid change; b) strategic policies should, as a minimum, provide for objectively assessed needs for housing and other uses, as well as any needs that cannot be met within neighbouring areas5, unless: i. the application of policies in this Framework that protect areas or assets of particular importance provides a strong reason for restricting the overall scale, type or distribution of development in the plan area6; or ii. any adverse impacts of doing so would significantly and demonstrably outweigh the benefits, when assessed against the policies in this Framework taken as a whole.

For decision-taking this means: c) approving development proposals that accord with an up-to-date development plan without delay; or d) where there are no relevant development plan policies, or the policies which are most important for determining the application are out-of-date7, granting permission unless: i. the application of policies in this Framework that protect areas or assets of particular importance provides a clear reason for refusing the development proposed6; or ii. any adverse impacts of doing so would significantly and demonstrably outweigh the benefits, when assessed against the policies in this Framework taken as a whole.”

Footnote 5 As established through statements of common ground (see paragraph 27).

Footnote 6 The policies referred to are those in this Framework (rather than those in development plans) relating to: habitats sites (and those sites listed in paragraph 176) and/or designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest; land designated as Green Belt, Local Green Space, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, a National Park (or within the Broads Authority) or defined as Heritage Coast; irreplaceable habitats; designated heritage assets (and other heritage assets of archaeological interest referred to in footnote 63); and areas at risk of flooding or coastal change.

Footnote 7 This includes, for applications involving the provision of housing, situations where the local planning authority cannot demonstrate a five year supply of deliverable housing sites (with the appropriate buffer, as set out in paragraph 73); or where the Housing Delivery Test indicates that the delivery of housing was substantially below (less than 75% of) the housing requirement over the previous three years. Transitional arrangements for the Housing Delivery Test are set out in Annex 1.

“12. The presumption in favour of sustainable development does not change the statutory status of the development plan as the starting point for decision making. Where a planning application conflicts with an up-to-date development plan (including any neighbourhood plans that form part of the development plan), permission should not usually be granted. Local planning authorities may take decisions that depart from an up-to-date development plan, but only if material considerations in a particular case indicate that the plan should not be followed.”

The application of the presumption has implications for the way communities engage in neighbourhood planning.

“13. Neighbourhood plans should support the delivery of strategic policies contained in local plans or spatial development strategies; and should shape and direct development that is outside of these strategic policies.”

Additional provisions apply where the provision of housing conflicts with a neighbourhood plan:

“14. In situations where the presumption (at paragraph 11d) applies to applications involving the provision of housing, the adverse impact of allowing development that conflicts with the neighbourhood plan is likely to significantly and demonstrably outweigh the benefits, provided all of the following apply8:

a) the neighbourhood plan became part of the development plan two years or less before the date on which the decision is made; b) the neighbourhood plan contains policies and allocations to meet its identified housing requirement; c) the local planning authority has at least a three year supply of deliverable housing sites (against its five year housing supply requirement, including the appropriate buffer as set out in paragraph 73); and d) the local planning authority’s housing delivery was at least 45% of that required9 over the previous three years.”

Most neighbourhood plan policies are considered to deal with non-strategic matters and the NPPF sets out how these should be dealt with:

“18. Policies to address non-strategic matters should be included in local plans that contain both strategic and non-strategic policies, and/or in local or neighbourhood plans that contain just non-strategic policies.

21. Plans should make explicit which policies are strategic policies. These should be limited to those necessary to address the strategic priorities of the area (and any relevant cross-boundary issues), to provide a clear starting point for any non-strategic policies that are needed. Strategic policies should not extend to detailed matters that are more appropriately dealt with through neighbourhood plans or other non-strategic policies.

28. Non-strategic policies should be used by local planning authorities and communities to set out more detailed policies for specific areas, neighbourhoods or types of development. This can include allocating sites, the provision of infrastructure and community facilities at a local level, establishing design principles, conserving and enhancing the natural and historic environment and setting out other development management policies.

29. Neighbourhood planning gives communities the power to develop a shared vision for their area. Neighbourhood plans can shape, direct and help to deliver sustainable development, by influencing local planning decisions as part of the statutory development plan. Neighbourhood plans should not promote less development than set out in the strategic policies for the area or undermine those strategic policies.16”

Footnote 16: Neighbourhood plans must be in general conformity with the strategic policies contained in any development plan that covers their area.”

The NPPF also sets out how different policies in different plans should be handled:

“30. Once a neighbourhood plan has been brought into force, the policies it contains take precedence over existing non-strategic policies in a local plan covering the neighbourhood area, where they are in conflict; unless they are superseded by strategic or non-strategic policies that are adopted subsequently.”

The issue of “prematurity” where a proposal comes forward for decision before a plan is completed is dealt with in paragraph 50:

“50. Refusal of planning permission on grounds of prematurity will seldom be justified where a draft plan has yet to be submitted for examination; or – in the case of a neighbourhood plan – before the end of the local planning authority publicity period on the draft plan. Where planning permission is refused on grounds of prematurity, the local planning authority will need to indicate clearly how granting permission for the development concerned would prejudice the outcome of the plan-making process.”

Communities can also use special types of neighbourhood plan, “orders”, to grant planning permission:

“52. Communities can use Neighbourhood Development Orders and Community Right to Build Orders to grant planning permission. These require the support of the local community through a referendum. Local planning authorities should take a proactive and positive approach to such proposals, working collaboratively with community organisations to resolve any issues before draft orders are submitted for examination.”

The NPPF section on housing sets out the relationship between strategic planning policy and neighbourhood plans:

“65. Strategic policy-making authorities should establish a housing requirement figure for their whole area, which shows the extent to which their identified housing need (and any needs that cannot be met within neighbouring areas) can be met over the plan period. Within this overall requirement, strategic policies should also set out a housing requirement for designated neighbourhood areas which reflects the overall strategy for the pattern and scale of development and any relevant allocations30. Once the strategic policies have been adopted, these figures should not need retesting at the neighbourhood plan examination, unless there has been a significant change in circumstances that affects the requirement.”

Footnote 30: Except where a Mayoral, combined authority or high-level joint plan is being prepared as a framework for strategic policies at the individual local authority level; in which case it may be most appropriate for the local authority plans to provide the requirement figure.

“66. Where it is not possible to provide a requirement figure for a neighbourhood area31, the local planning authority should provide an indicative figure, if requested to do so by the neighbourhood planning body. This figure should take into account factors such as the latest evidence of local housing need, the population of the neighbourhood area and the most recently available planning strategy of the local planning authority.”

Footnote 31: Because a neighbourhood area is designated at a late stage in the strategic policy- making process, or after strategic policies have been adopted; or in instances where strategic policies for housing are out of date.

Specific guidance is offered neighbourhood planning groups in terms of allocating small sites:

“69. Neighbourhood planning groups should also consider the opportunities for allocating small and medium-sized sites (of a size consistent with paragraph 68a) suitable for housing in their area.”

The NPPF sets out the specific conditions when the Local Green Space designation can be used:

“99. The designation of land as Local Green Space through local and neighbourhood plans allows communities to identify and protect green areas of particular importance to them. Designating land as Local Green Space should be consistent with the local planning of sustainable development and complement investment in sufficient homes, jobs and other essential services. Local Green Spaces should only be designated when a plan is prepared or updated and be capable of enduring beyond the end of the plan period.

100. The Local Green Space designation should only be used where the green space is: a) in reasonably close proximity to the community it serves; b) demonstrably special to a local community and holds a particular local significance, for example because of its beauty, historic significance, recreational value (including as a playing field), tranquillity or richness of its wildlife; and c) local in character and is not an extensive tract of land.

101. Policies for managing development within a Local Green Space should be consistent with those for Green Belts.”

Neighbourhood plans should also consider setting local design policy:

“125. Plans should, at the most appropriate level, set out a clear design vision and expectations, so that applicants have as much certainty as possible about what is likely to be acceptable. Design policies should be developed with local communities, so they reflect local aspirations, and are grounded in an understanding and evaluation of each area’s defining characteristics. Neighbourhood plans can play an important role in identifying the special qualities of each area and explaining how this should be reflected in development.”

Where relevant, the revised NPPF, introduces the ability for neighbourhood plans under certain conditions to alter Green Belt boundaries:

“136. Once established, Green Belt boundaries should only be altered where exceptional circumstances are fully evidenced and justified, through the preparation or updating of plans. Strategic policies should establish the need for any changes to Green Belt boundaries, having regard to their intended permanence in the long term, so they can endure beyond the plan period.

Where a need for changes to Green Belt, boundaries has been established through strategic policies, detailed amendments to those boundaries may be made through non- strategic policies, including neighbourhood plans.”

Under a Community Right to Build Order development may not be inappropriate in the Green Belt.

“146. Certain other forms of development are also not inappropriate in the Green Belt provided they preserve its openness and do not conflict with the purposes of including land within it. These are: f) development brought forward under a Community Right to Build Order or Neighbourhood Development Order.”

Guidance is provided on community-led renewable energy initiatives:

“152. Local planning authorities should support community-led initiatives for renewable and low carbon energy, including developments outside areas identified in local plans or other strategic policies that are being taken forward through neighbourhood planning.”

Finally, the NPPF sets out how the revised framework should be implemented.

“214. The policies in the previous Framework will apply for the purpose of examining plans, where those plans are submitted69 on or before 24 January 2019. Where such plans are withdrawn or otherwise do not proceed to become part of the development plan, the policies contained in this Framework will apply to any subsequent plan produced for the area concerned.”

Footnote 69: For neighbourhood plans, ‘submission’ in this context means where a qualifying body submits a plan proposal to the local planning authority in accordance with regulation 15 of the Neighbourhood Planning (General) Regulations 2012.

South Lakeland District Council Planning Policies

The following South Lakeland Development Plan policies are relevant to the drafting of the Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan.

South Lakeland Core Strategy (Adopted October 2010) CS1.1 Sustainable development principles CS1.2 – The Development Strategy

CS4 Cartmel Peninsula

CS6.1 – Meeting the Housing Requirement CS6.2 – Dwelling Mix and Type CS6.3 – Provision of Affordable Housing CS6.4 – Rural Exception Policy CS6.5A – Gypsies and Travellers CS6.5B Travelling Show People CS6.6 – Making Effective and Efficient Use of Land and Buildings

CS7.1 – Meeting the Employment Requirement CS7.2 – Type of Employment Land Required and Sectoral Split CS7.3 Education and Skills CS7.4 Rural Economy CS7.5 town centre and retail strategy CS7.6 Tourism Development CS7.7 Opportunities Provided by Energy and The Low Carbon Economy

CS8.1 Green Infrastructure CS8.2 Protection and Enhancement of Landscape and Settlement Character CS8.3A Accessing Open Space, Sport and Recreation CS8.3B Quantity of Open Space, Sport and Recreation CS8.4 Biodiversity and Geodiversity CS8.5 Coast CS8.6 Historic Environment CS8.7 Sustainable Construction, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy CS8.8 Development and Flood Risk CS8.10 Design

CS9.1 Social and Community Infrastructure CS9.2 Developer Contributions

CS10.1 Accessing Services CS10.2 Transport Impact of New Development

South Lakeland Land Allocations DPD (Adopted Dec 2013)

LA1.0 Presumption in Favour of Sustainable Development: LA1.1: Development Boundaries LA1.3: Housing Allocations LA1.9: Green Gaps LA1.10: Existing Green Infrastructure LA1.11: Existing Outdoor Formal Sports Facilities 38

LA3.2: Mixed-Use Allocation at Land South of Allithwaite Road, Kent’s Bank, Grange- Over-Sands (This Policy relates to land in Grange-over-Sands which abuts the Allithwaite and Cartmel boundary) LA3.3: Mixed-Use Allocation at Guide’s Lot, Grange-Over-Sands (This Policy relates to land in Grange-over-Sands which abuts the Allithwaite and Cartmel boundary)

South Lakeland Development Management Policies DPD

DM1 General Requirements for all development DM2 Achieving Sustainable High Quality Design DM3 Historic Environment DM4 Green and Blue Infrastructure, Open Space, Trees and Landscaping DM5 Rights of Way and Other Routes Providing Pedestrian, Cycle and Equestrian Access DM6 Flood Risk Management and Sustainable Drainage Systems DM7 Addressing Pollution, Contamination Impact and Water Quality DM8 High Speed Broadband for New Developments DM9 Parking Provision, new and loss of car parks DM11 Accessible and Adaptable Homes DM12 Self Build and Custom Build Housing DM14 Rural Exception Sites DM15 Essential Dwellings for Workers in the Countryside DM16 Conversion of Buildings in Rural Areas DM17 Retention of Community Facilities DM18 – Tourist accommodation - caravans, chalets, log cabins, camping and new purpose built self-catering accommodation (outside the Arnside and Silverdale AONB) DM19 – Equestrian related development DM20 – Advertisements, Signs and Shopfronts DM21 – Renewable and Low Carbon Energy Development DM22 – Hot Food Takeaways DM23 – Retail Uses Outside of Town Centres DM25 – Agricultural Buildings DM26 – Gypsies, Travellers and Travelling Showpeople DM27 – Enforcement

Appendix 2 – Evidence Base

Allithwaite and Cartmel Local Greenspace Assessment Second Homes Assessment Questionnaire Results (July 2016) Allithwaite and Cartmel Community Plan

South Lakeland District Council SLDC Infrastructure Delivery Plan update 2014 SLDC (Supplementary Planning Document) Adopted Development Brief for Land South of Allithwaite Road, Kents Bank SLDC CIL Charging Schedule 2015 SLDC Council Plan 2014-2019 Updated February 2016 SLDC Housing Strategy (SLHS) 2016-2025 SLDC Housing Position Report, March 2016 SLDC Strategic Housing Market Assessment (SHMA) 2014 Update SLDC SHLAA SLDC Strategic Flood Risk Assessment Cartmel Conservation Area guidance

Lake District Lake District National Park Core Strategy Lake District National Park Management Plan

Cumbria County Council Parking Guidelines in Cumbria 2002 Extra Care Housing and Supported Living Strategy 2016-2025 (Cumbria County Council) Cumbria Landscape Character Assessment and Toolkit

National ONS Census data 2011

Appendix 3 – Allithwaite and Cartmel Planning Opportunities

1. Introduction

Allithwaite and Cartmel Parish Council took an active part in the land allocation process. This enabled them to take an early view on what was valued in each village and how developments might contribute.

In Allithwaite rather than two large allocations, a number of smaller ones were identified. The key objectives were to maintain the open aspects of Allithwaite with its magnificent views in all directions and to help improve pedestrian links within the village particularly along the B5277 which currently divides the village.

In Cartmel the parish was unable to identify suitable land to fulfill its ambition to create a number of smaller developments. It is hoped that careful planning can mitigate the impact that the large allocated site will have on the village.

Subsequently the village completed a Community Plan adopted 2013 and an action plan to deliver the priorities – further consultations have taken place including Footpaths in Allithwaite ‘Paths for Communities Bid’ July 2013, The Cartmel Township Initiative adopted 2015 and Allithwaite Community orchard consultation 2014. The Parish also has an Active travel group which is looking to improve footpath links and where possible develop new routes. The protection of country lanes as essential amenity assets for pedestrians and cyclist as well as environmental importance is seen as vital.

2. Settlements in their settings

a) Allithwaite is a south facing village attractively sited on low hills that overlook Morecambe Bay. There are also amazing views to the North to the lake District Fells. The village grew in the 19th Century from a group of isolated farmer / fishing cottages and is now centred around the Church and school both built by the then local owner of Boarbank Hall. There is one main street – Church road which joins the B5277 road via The Square.

There are many popular walks in the countryside around the village which include two SSI’s one at Humphrey Head and the other at Wartbarrow.

b) Buildings of note include: Boarbank hall, The church, The School, Barn Hey farm, Allithwaite Lodge and Wraysholme tower.

c) Views of importance include: From Cartmel road at village entrance towards Wartbarrow. From the top of Holme Lane towards the church. From Boarbank Lane towards the Church. From the bottom of Holme lane towards Morecambe Bay.

From Church road down towards Morecambe bay. From Templand gate towards the lake district fells. d) Valued landscapes and open spaces: Drumlin landscape adjacent to Templand park. Field pattern between Cartmel road and view to Wartbarrow. The parish field. The large field between the B5277 road and Jack Hill. The Quarry. e) Settlement pattern/ character: Allithwaite was described by a development planning officer as ‘something of an Octopus’ – away from the central Church road fingers of development have traditionally pushed out into the surrounding countryside. This has resulted in the highly valued views into and out of the village. Recent developments have shown little respect for this and produce a discordant note in the overall layout pattern of the village. f) Cartmel is situated in the flood zone of the river Eea and its tributary becks. It includes an older conservation area of mainly Georgian properties set within a medieval street pattern. The Grade 1 listed Priory and the Race course are both major attractions as are the many pubs, hotels, restaurants, cafes and shops. It is an important employment zone, but most houses are second homes or holiday lets. Outside this central area are various newer developments from different decades of the 20th Century which in the past have made little attempt to respond to the neighbouring conservation area. g) Buildings of note: There are many of note within the conservation area – of particular mention are the Priory, the gatehouse, the old village lock up, and the old grammar school. h) Views of importance: Towards the Priory church from Headless Cross, the racecourse, Aynesome road, Allithwaite road, Priest lane and Barngarth. i) Valued landscape and open spaces: The fields around the Priory. The drumlins to the west of Headless close The race course The wet lands upstream of Cartmel on the River Eea j) Settlement Pattern: Cartmel is a fairly nuclear village with the conservation area based on a Medieval street pattern. Restrictive access to the north of the village has resulted in more recent developments being located to the east and south.

3. Facilities / Services

a) Allithwaite:

Primary school and nursery Church Children’s play ground Community orchard and apiary Parish Allotments Community playing fields including bowling, football, pump cycle track, tennis courts. Community Hall – supporting a wide range of clubs, and classes Charity shop Post office and store Village institute Garage Wood yard Physiotherapist Bed and breakfast facilities Two nursing homes at the Old Vicarage and Boarbank Hall The Village Pub south on the B5277 Caravan parks

b) Cartmel:

Primary School Secondary school Montessori Priory Church Bed and Breakfast facilities (many) Hotels / guest houses 2 Public Houses 4 Specialist wine, and cheese shops Gift shops 6 General food shops 2 Cafes 4 Restaurants 2 Beauticians Hairdressers 2 Brewery Architects Doctors and Medical centre Play ground Race course – car parking, cycle hire, Segway hire, Scout hut, archery, football and cricket pitch Village Hall used by a variety of clubs and classes Allotments Caravan park

4. Key Objectives

The key objectives are fully identified in the community plan – those of relevance and importance to planning include

Raise awareness of Cartmel’s conservation area and protect the built environment

Seek to protect green spaces within the villages and surrounding countryside from inappropriate developments

Protect and enhance existing levels of access to the local countryside.

Review parking provision for residents, businesses and visitors in order to reduce the congestion caused by inappropriate parking in villages, improve traffic flow and pedestrian safety.

Promote safer use of the road system generally and in particular easier and safer pedestrian and cycling access both within and between villages – make pedestrian and cycle routes safer and more enjoyable – improve the extent and quality of disabled access – reduce the danger of speeding vehicles on country roads and lanes.

Ensure housing stock meets local affordable needs and enables local people of all ages to continue to reside within the local area.

Ensure new housing developments are small scale and meet the aspirations of low density and appropriate design.

5. Future Developments

Key considerations should include:

a) Highest standards of design which in small scale developments should be non-standard designs providing the varied street scenes which are typical of traditional village growth.

b) In the Allithwaite and Cartmel parish we feel that the first consideration should be to take every opportunity to respect the outlook of existing properties.

c) Developments must be well connected to the village.

d) Sympathetic road designs should take consideration of existing roads.

e) In Cartmel design and layout should reflect its close proximity to the conservation area.

f) Affordable houses should provide variety and include 1, 2 and 3 bedroomed properties – (provision of all one type is unlikely to meet the needs of our local residents at any one point in time)

g) Dark Skies -Both villages have very restricted street lighting – and therefore benefit from dark skies. Developments should respect this and keep lighting to the very lowest levels.

h) In Cartmel some existing street lighting fail to respect their proximity to a conservation area and should be improved.

i) Speeding traffic and Village entrances – both villages suffer from speeding traffic through the 30 mph zones.

j) Allithwaite is particularly dangerous with very few footpaths which often end at dangerous points – the parish council is currently engaged in trying to develop traffic slowing measures. Regular physical traffic slowing measures are seen as essential as well as making provision for pedestrians.

k) Cartmel – the principle access road passes through the middle of the primary school and past the secondary school – 20 when lights flashing are in place but traffic slowing would also physically restrict the speed of traffic.

l) Councillors are also undertaking speed gun training and the parish is seeking to purchase speed monitoring devices.

m) Creating direct pedestrian links from new developments to the village centre is seen as essential – where possible developments should contribute to improvements to the village pedestrian /cycle routes. Developments should not be allowed to become barriers to any potential new routes. (even if they are not immediately deliverable)

6. Infrastructure Plans

a) Allithwaite: Quarry nature reserve development Allithwaite to Grange via the Quarry new pedestrian route Traffic calming measures along the B5277 Improved pedestrian routes on the B5277 Improved footpaths along Church road Parking issues on Church road and The Square. New pedestrian / cycle route linking the village Pub and the centre of the village. Support for Community centre and playing fields Support for children’s play ground Support for Community Orchard and allotments

b) Cartmel: The Cartmel Township Initiative has identified a number of infrastructure improvements aimed at improving vehicle and pedestrian circulations, improving signage, and protecting heritage assets and supporting businesses.

Improving disabled access – the Active travel groups would like to provide disabled access routes from Cartmel car park to Holker Hall and also from Allithwaite to Humphrey Head.

7. Land Allocations

Allithwaite:

a. Top of Holme Lane – north west of B5277 6 properties to complete Holme Lane linear development Must reflect the style and design of Holme lane i.e.: front onto the B5277 – small front gardens with front gates linking directly to village centre.

Roof detail could mirror that of existing properties.

The first house could be double fronted in order to present a strong statement at the village entrance.

b. Jack Hill – South east of B5277 21 properties Preferred access as indicted by the inspection process to be onto Holme Lane – if this proves impossible then access onto Jack Hill should be at or above the entrance to Woodlands.

Jack Hill, with its ancient hedges must be protected from additional traffic as a valuable leisure resource and wild life corridor. (Cumbria coastal way and Morecambe Bay cycle route.)

There is a danger that this development be isolated and face away from village facilities – a direct pedestrian / cycle route through the development to cross Holme Lane at a suitable point around the Homestead is seen as essential.

The roof heights of properties should respect the existing homes on Jack Hill (bungalows) and The Ridge way.

c. Almond Bank – (sometimes referred to as lane End) 11 properties Safe vehicle and pedestrian access is vital – recommendations were made in the AECOM report – pedestrian routes on the B road need substantial improvement.

A potential route across the fields behind the development for pedestrian and cyclists was identified as a priority to link the pub and surrounding houses to village facilities. Any development must not preclude this route being brought forward at some future date.

Careful siting of the houses so that their raised position does not have an overbearing impact on homes on the lower side of the B5277. The development officer suggested setting them back a little, but it is important that they front face the B road unless there was seen to be clear design advantages for anything else. Respecting the outlook of nearby properties is also important particularly Patch Cottage. d. Barn Hey 30 properties Traffic management at the village entrance and complete respect for the scale and nature of Locker Lane are essential.

Speeding traffic approaching the narrows is a well-documented problem. Pedestrian routes through the narrows are extremely dangerous. The existing properties on or below the narrows all have problems parking vehicles and accessing the highway.

During the land allocation a pedestrian route from the development up to the corner of Boarbank lane was agreed ( it was also the subject of an unsuccessful P4C bid) – it is noted that the existing land owner also has permission for two properties in the orchard of Barn Hey – if a pedestrian link could be provided here it would mean that pedestrians could avoid walking through the narrows.

The nature of the narrow Locker lane with is well established hedges small or non-existing verges should be protected from any increase in traffic – It is increasingly used as a cut through by SATNAV users and there has been damage to verges where they exist and increased danger to pedestrians and cyclists.

Careful alignment of homes with those nearest the road facing onto the road and good use of solar gain from this south facing site are considered important. The rear outlook of the existing properties needs special consideration. e. Land between Green Lane and Vicarage lane 22 properties – given the constraint on this site it is felt this is too many.

A village green type feature is suggested for the triangle of land where Vicarage lane, and Green lane meet Boarbank lane.

The view from this point up to the church must also be protected and a church yard extension is required for the area nearest the existing church yard. (this could become allotments or just a green open space depending on local need until required for the churchyard)

A successful development would be one which settles into the village land scape and does not appear to be a ‘new’ housing estate stuck in the middle of the village. To this end careful thought needs to be given to entrances, homes facing the existing lanes and access roads which respond well to the country lane nature of the existing lanes.

Great care should be taken to respect the bungalows on Green lane so that new properties do not dominate. One property adjacent to the site and the church yard will lose its main outlook and careful consideration should be given to mitigating this.

The wall on the Vicarage Lane side is an important feature.

Traffic speeding along Vicarage Lane is a well reported problem and any traffic improvements should look to slow traffic.

There are some parking issues on Green Lane, but parked vehicles do act to slow traffic.

Cartmel:

a. Old Stable yard 15 properties This site is within the conservation area and in particular the old monastic boundary wall.

During the Cartmel Township Initiative consultations a potential pedestrian route through the site providing a link to Priest Lane was highlighted.

It could aid the development of this site and vehicle movements through the village if it was possible to make this a mixed use pedestrian / vehicle route which could become part of a one way system – in through the village and around the village shop corner and out via this new route and Priest lane.

b. Haggs Lane 39 properties. This allocation is considered far too large and out of character for the village – its success will depend on the careful consideration of proximity to the conservation area, the setting of the surrounding woods and the highest quality layout and design.

Creating a suitable and safe access to the site is important – it is suggested by AECOM that a mini round about is used – this would act to slow traffic coming down Haggs Lane.

Great importance should be given to the outlook of existing properties on Haggs Lane and in particular to the Quaker Meeting House where an important part of their worship includes silence.

Footpaths on Haggs Lane are poor and intermittent – a direct pedestrian access at the bottom of the site would be an important connection to the village. If not possible to deliver straight away a suitable potential access point should be considered and protected from development.

An improved pedestrian access from the site to Hesketh wood would also take pedestrians away from a dangerous crossing into Hesketh wood further up Haggs Lane. The 30mph limit should be moved up Haggs Lane and consideration given to speed restrictions or intelligent road markings up Haggs Lane to slow traffic and improve pedestrian movements.

There is a need for an ecological barrier between the development and Hesketh Wood.

Flooding is an important issue – the field currently act as a water store – the secondary school has had problems with drainage on their sports fields and it is vital that extremely robust drainage systems are engineered for this site.

Appendix 4 – Allithwaite and Cartmel Design Guide

Allithwaite and Cartmel Parish Council

Design Guide

This Design Guide supports the information and adopted guidance as laid out in the adopted SLDC Allithwaite and Cartmel Conservation Area Character Appraisal (CACA) (2006). The CACA is a detailed 54-page document that seeks to define what is special about the designated area’s character and appearance. Developers wishing to put forward planning proposals are expected to use this guide in conjunction with the CACA for greater detail and guidance regarding technical evidence in support of the Local Plan.

CONTENTS

Part One – Residential Areas

1 Quality Design in Allithwaite and Cartmel Parish

1.1 Design Quality

1.2 Relief and Context

1.3 Character and Landmarks

1.4 Character Areas

1.5 Design Issues

Part Two - Design Guide Principles

2 Justification of design principles

3 Explanation of Design Principles

3.1 Principle 1

3.2 Principle 2

3.3 Principle 3

3.4 Principle 4

3.5 Principle 5

3.6 Principle 6

3.7 Principle 7

3.8 Principle 8

3.9 Principle 9

3.10 Principle 10

3.11 Principle 11

3.12 Principle 12

3.13 Principle 13

3.14 Principle 14

4 Character Areas

4.1 Allithwaite

4.2 Cartmel

5 Acceptable Design Examples

5.1 Bungalows

5.2 Terraced Houses

5.3 Semi-detached Houses

5.4 Town House

5.5 Detached Houses

Part One

Residential Areas

1. Quality Design in Allithwaite and Cartmel Parish

The purpose of this document is to provide design guidance to owners, developers and anyone who is involved in the planning, design and development of sites which fall within the Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Plan Area. They also clarify some of the policies and guidance contained in the South Lakeland District Council (SLDC) Core Strategy and other related strategic documents which apply specifically to design and development in Allithwaite and Cartmel Parish. Together with the SLDC policies, this guide is intended to provide a framework for development which complements and enhances the character and qualities of Allithwaite and Cartmel and encourages good design. It is not intended to stifle innovation or to be restrictive, but to help guide the design process.

1.1 Design Quality

Allithwaite and Cartmel is an area of great landscape and beauty. Farming provides the landscape and the landscape provides a thriving tourism industry. The local heritage is what gives a place its character. The existing built environment and local heritage are often forgotten elements when it comes to development. The built and historic environment should be conserved and where possible enhanced for future generations to enjoy the beauty.

Allithwaite and Cartmel are distinctive villages with an attractive environment and many positive and memorable features. This section identifies the physical aspects of the villages and establishes some directions for maintaining and enhancing the best of Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Plan Area, while ameliorating some of its less attractive features.

1.2 Relief and Context

Allithwaite and Cartmel is a civil parish in the South Lakeland district of the English county of Cumbria. It includes the villages of Allithwaite and Cartmel, the historic Cartmel Priory, Humphrey Head and Cartmel Racecourse.

Allithwaite is a small village in the Parish, located roughly 1.2 miles (1.9 km) west of Grange-over-Sands.

Cartmel village is located 2.2 miles (3.5 km) north-west of Grange-over-Sands and close to the River Eea. The village was once known as Kirkby in Cartmel, as it was the location of the church for the large parish of Cartmel. It is the location of the 12th century Cartmel Priory.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Parish lies on a complex geological composition of limestone rock which has a significant effect on the area through its appearance as outcrops and pavements, its use in buildings and stone walls, and its contribution to flooding problems. There are longstanding flooding “hotspots” in business and residential areas throughout the Parish.

1.3 Character and Landmarks:

One of Allithwaite and Cartmel’s most reassuring qualities is its sense of community and the quality of the architecture that provides its character and form.

There are a number of architectural landmarks in Allithwaite and Cartmel contributing to its historic form and heritage which have considerable significance in the streetscape. Some examples of these architectural landmarks are shown on Map 1 for Allithwaite and Map 2 for Cartmel.

4 3 2 5 1

Map 1 - Allithwaite 1. Quarry 2. Community Playing Fields 3. Community Orchard 4. King George V Playing Fields 5. St Mary’s Church 6. Pheasant Inn

The Anglican parish church in the village is St. Mary's Church, built in 1864–65 and designed by the Lancaster architect E. G. Paley. There is a small primary school, Allithwaite Primary C of E School located next to the church. Both church and school were built by a legacy left to the village.

A mile to the south, Wraysholme Tower is a 15th-century Pele tower, used as a barn and cow-house, adjoining a 19th-century farmhouse.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

1 3 2

Map 2 – Cartmel

1. Cartmel Priory 2. Cartmel Racecourse 3. Cartmel Priory Gatehouse 4. Cartmel Primary School 5. Pig and Whistle Inn

Within the conservation area are many fine listed buildings clustered around the Grade 1 Priory Church of St Mary and St Michael. The river and water meadows running through the heart of the village soften the hard edges of the built environment and are key features which must be protected.

Cartmel Priory Gatehouse is a medieval building and is listed grade II and is part of a scheduled monument. It belongs to the National Trust. Along with the church, the gatehouse is all that remains of the Augustinian Cartmel Priory.

Cartmel Racecourse is a small racecourse in the village of Cartmel. Nine race days are held each year, starting on the Whit Holiday weekend at the end of May and ending on the August Bank Holiday weekend in August Bank Holidays.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

1.4 Character Areas

The Designated Neighbourhood Area of Allithwaite and Cartmel extends over 2,859 hectares and had a population of 1831 residents in 20111.

Allithwaite was described by a development planning officer as ‘something of an Octopus’ – away from the central Church road fingers of development have traditionally pushed out into the surrounding countryside. This has resulted in the highly valued views into and out of the village. Recent developments have shown little respect for this and produce a discordant note in the overall layout pattern of the village.

Tourism is a fundamental part of the local economy. However, regional North West and local niche markets are becoming increasingly competitive. As a consequence, tourist facilities need to become more specialised, offering higher quality goods and services, with a focus on added value and higher wage employment opportunities.

Cartmel is situated in the flood zone of the river Eea and its tributary becks. It includes an older conservation area of mainly Georgian properties set within a medieval street pattern.

The Grade 1 listed Priory and the Race course are both major attractions as are the many pubs, hotels, restaurants, cafes and shops. It is an important employment zone, but most houses are second homes or holiday lets. Outside this central area are various newer developments from different decades of the 20th Century which in the past have made little attempt to respond to the neighbouring conservation area.

A relatively high proportion of residents in the Allithwaite and Cartmel had high levels of satisfaction within living in the area2. Time and again respondents comment on the quality of the countryside, its scenery and its tranquillity.

Allithwaite and Cartmel has a relatively high proportion of detached houses (45.5% of dwellings compared to South Lakeland, 30.8%) and a low proportion of flats (6.0% of dwellings compared to South Lakeland 15.6%. 83.2% of households in Allithwaite and Cartmel are owner occupied, compared to 73% in South Lakeland, with 5.7 of households being social rented accommodation compared to 10.7% in South Lakeland.

1.5 Design Issues

Through a number of consultation events during the process of developing the Neighbourhood Plan a number of issues were highlighted in relation to residential design:

• There was great concern expressed about unsympathetic patterns and location of recent development, i.e. new housing estates that add little or nothing to the character of the villages and the surrounding area.

• There were strong feelings that new developments should be integrated within the villages and community, that it should be a coherent addition supporting the

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

environment rather than further piecemeal type development with no links to the key service areas.

• There were strong feelings that new development should be complementary to the villages in character, form and quality, that it should aspire to the same design and construction quality as found in the historic core area.

• There was great concern about the impact new development might have on much- valued views of Morecambe Bay and the surrounding hills.

• There was great concern that any new development should respect the landscape and setting of the villages.

• There was some concern that the density of some recent housing development was too high, though this may be attributable to the layout and scale of buildings rather than the density itself

• There was great concern that new developments might exacerbate local flooding problems, as many allocated sites are near or uphill of known problems areas. There was a strong wish to see drainage designs for new developments being based on a very thorough and informed assessment of local hydrological conditions, and also forming a key part of the site design from the earliest stages of the planning process.

Therefore, it is vital that new development, particularly of new housing, safeguards and enhances the distinctive character, appearance and qualities of Allithwaite and Cartmel and that development is of a nature and scale appropriate to an historic village (Cartmel) and its setting.

These Design Guide Principles are therefore intended to apply to all new development within Allithwaite and Cartmel.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

Part Two Design Principles

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

2 Justification of Design Principles

2.1 Allithwaite and Cartmel has distinct character, form and quality. The design of new development should be within the context of the Allithwaite and Cartmel unique features and characteristics, responding appropriately to its historic setting and supporting the evident sense of community. The design of any new development should therefore be complementary to Allithwaite and Cartmel, drawing upon, and inspired by, the Allithwaite and Cartmel villages individual assets:

• Its topography and surrounding hills • Allithwaite and Cartmel with its distinctive biodiversity and ecology • Patterns of development that have been influenced by the topography to provide an exceptional outline • The historic buildings within Allithwaite and Cartmel core area and public spaces • Views of the Bay and Allithwaite and Cartmel.

3 Explanation of Design Principles

3.1 Principle 1

Development should make a positive contribution towards the distinctive character and form of Allithwaite and Cartmel as a whole and relate well to its site and its surroundings. Proposals should seek to preserve and enhance the character and appearance of the conservation area, where relevant.

Allithwaite and Cartmel has a distinctive character and identity, based on its unique assets and areas of special interest. These assets are important to local people. Development should contribute to the character and form of Allithwaite and Cartmel as a whole, incorporating design principles that reflect the historic core of the villages, the most successful and cherished part of the villages. This principle does not seek to impose a particular architectural style, instead it aims to ensure that new development relates to the specific local context, character and form of Allithwaite and Cartmel. Different areas within the villages have different characteristics. Some of these characteristics enhance the area and some might be said to detract from it, therefore, development proposals should respond to the unique character of the site and its surroundings, maintaining or enhancing its strengths, and seeking to address its weaknesses.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

3.2 Principle 2

Architectural appearance should be appropriate to the context and take account of the eclectic mix of form and style.

Allithwaite and Cartmel’s historic character is rich and varied, particularly reflecting the incremental development of the area. The quality of design should, therefore, ensure that new buildings contribute positively to the historic character and form of the villages. When a traditional design is followed, it should aim to be appropriately proportioned and detailed. The design approach should use historically- compatible materials so that it does not result in a debased version of an historic style, which would undermine the overall historic character and form of Allithwaite and Cartmel.

The proportions of buildings are also important. The older buildings in Allithwaite and Cartmel and surrounding villages, which are important in the conservation area all 'fit' into their setting. They do not dominate. Details are of great importance. The shape and design of windows and doorways need to reflect the styles used in these historic buildings. They often are quite deep set into walls - designed to give protection from the weather.

There are 96 listed buildings within the parish of Allithwaite and Cartmel. Any development proposal that may affect a listed building or its setting should preserve the special architectural or historic interest of the building and its setting embodied within Allithwaite and Cartmel.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

3.3 Principle 3

Materials within new development should complement the architectural character and quality of its immediate context.

There is a preference for the design of new buildings to use natural and indigenous materials which have a natural coherence with the buildings in Allithwaite and Cartmel. Materials should be selected with care to ensure they are of the type that will blend into their surroundings more with age and weathering. Allithwaite and Cartmel’s much appreciated architectural tradition achieves a rich variation through a limited palette of materials. New development should incorporate the same approach.

The following are predominant materials and should be incorporated in the design of new buildings:

• Local building stone, where possible sourced from local quarries. • Local slate. • Render, either painted white or left its natural colour. There is evidence of both rough and smooth finishes within the historic core of the villages and the application of each should be considered as specific to the nature and character of each structure.

• Porches in general need to be slate roofed. • Brick – there are brick buildings interspersed within the core of the villages, therefore, limited use of red brick will be acceptable within new development(s).

3.4 Principle 4

Design of new buildings should incorporate roofing materials and patterns that complement their immediate context.

Where older houses in the Allithwaite and Cartmel are clustered together it can be seen that they are rarely identical, but vary in size, proportions and detail which reflects the way the villages have grown over years and the changing fashions for style and materials. They have come together organically as the area has developed and needs have changed. An approach to roofing materials should be included and illustrated within any Design and Access Statement.

Natural slate is typical of roofs in the villages and contribute greatly to its character. Thus, there is a preference for natural slate to be incorporated within new developments.

Alternatives which might be considered include:

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

• Artificial stone, only if this has a similar colour, texture, variety of unit sizes and diminishing coursing per local stone tile roofs.

• Natural clay tiles. • Lead and zinc (only allowed in exceptional situations for shallow pitched roofs which may be incorporated within an overall design methodology).

3.5 Principle 5

The form and structure of new development should ensure that a sense of place is created, which respects its context, setting, local village and landscape character

A recurring theme throughout the consultation process is that recent developments in Allithwaite and Cartmel have not been good enough in the layouts or streetscapes they present. Consensus opinion is that they detract from the character, form and quality of the villages rather than enhance or complement them. Improving the design character, form and raising the quality of any new development and ensuring it reflects the rich tradition and variety of the villages was seen as very important.

Therefore, with any new development in Allithwaite and Cartmel conservation area, consideration should be given to the composition of frontages, building types and sizes and landscaping to ensure the street frontage is harmonious, as opposed to a random collection of urban components that do not relate to each other.

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The form of new development should consider the opportunity to accommodate economic as well as residential activity, providing the opportunity for mixed development.

3.6 Principle 6

Design of new buildings should interpret and enhance the character, appearance and identity of Allithwaite and Cartmel through high quality tailored responses which are specific to the site.

One of Allithwaite and Cartmel’s defining characteristics and most loved features is the diversity of architecture across a range of sizes of buildings within the villages. However, within this eclectic mix there are common themes ensuring a natural coherence. Therefore, there is scope for variation in architectural style as there is precedent for this within the villages, and individual architectural expression is expected and encouraged, subject to the proviso that the design of buildings and spaces is harmonious and contributes to a cohesive local identity.

The rhythm of the buildings and houses in the villages in terms of continuity of frontages and, at a more detailed level, the ratio of solid (wall) to void (windows and door), materials, predominance of pitched roofs and vertical emphasis to windows should be used to inform the way in which elevations are handled within new development. The above is not intended to invoke stylistic preferences, merely to ensure that the design of new buildings is consistent with the quality of form and character in the best of Allithwaite and Cartmel.

3.7 Principle 7

The scale and massing of all new buildings should be informed by and sensitive to local topography and landscape character and the wider setting of the development within Allithwaite and Cartmel parish.

The outline of Allithwaite and Cartmel parish and views into and out from it rely upon sensitively-scaled buildings. Proposed building heights should be guided by building scale, form and grain existing already within the parish. The scale and massing of buildings should also be informed by the nature of the street or development site position they occupy. As a general rule, new buildings should not exceed 3 storeys.

3.8 Principle 8

Development proposals should maintain visual connections with the surrounding countryside and where possible the Bay

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

Where possible, open views towards the countryside, or across open spaces, should be maintained from key existing routes within the villages and new development sites. For example, a view along an existing street can be maintained by continuing a new street along the same alignment. Views along streets and/or open spaces to the surrounding countryside should be created within new developments where there are opportunities to do so.

Both panoramas and even glimpses of the Bay through gaps between buildings are defining features of Allithwaite and Cartmel parish and should be incorporated in any design approach to new development.

It is particularly necessary to have regard to the Neighbourhood Plan Policy 6 Conserving Gateway Views which highlights certain views of particular importance.

3.9 Principle 9

The visual impact of new development on the countryside, and on views from the surrounding countryside should be enhancing and contribute to the overall character of the area.

As elsewhere in Allithwaite and Cartmel, where village and countryside are intrinsically linked, developers proposing to build in proximity to the surrounding countryside should recognise the unique character and setting the location provides and address this positively through the inclusion of appropriate landscaping treatments and respect for the local topography.

An assessment of views to and from the proposed development should be included in the Design and Access Statement. Visual impact should be enhanced or adequately mitigated through the design of the site layout, buildings and landscape. The approach to enhancing visual impact should be fully explained in the Design and Access Statement.

It is particularly necessary to have regard to the Neighbourhood Plan Policy 6 Conserving Gateway Views which highlights certain views of particular importance.

3.10 Principle 10

Within new development proposals, where possible, opportunities for creating public space(s) should be identified

As evidenced throughout Allithwaite and Cartmel, public spaces play a vital role in the social life of the villages. The design of spaces between buildings should be given the same care as that given to the buildings. The provision of public space should therefore be integral to the overall design concept, exploring the opportunity to create a well-defined space. In many of the villages public spaces provide a focal point and

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019 it is advised that a similar approach should be taken to integrate such a feature in the design of any new public space(s) especially within new developments.

3.11 Principle 11

Design in the ‘forgotten’ elements from the start of the design process

The following items should be considered early in the design process and integrated into the overall scheme:

• Bin stores and recycling facilities • Cycle stores • Lighting • Flues and ventilation ducts • Satellite dishes and telephone lines. • Bin stores and recycling facilities should be designed to screen bins from public view, whilst being easily accessible for residents.

• Meter boxes: consider a tailored approach that fits in with the materials used for the remainder of the building. Position them to be unobtrusive or incorporate ‘smart meters.

• Position flues and ventilation ducts to be as unobtrusive as possible. Use good quality grilles that fit in with the approach to materials for the building as a whole.

• Guttering and rainwater down pipes should be shown on application drawings (elevations) to ensure they fit into the overall design approach to the building and minimise their visual impact.

These items are all too easily forgotten until the end of the design process. By considering them early, it will be possible to design them in at the beginning of the process in a way that doesn’t appear an afterthought.

3.12 Principle 12

Design car parking so that it fits in with the character of the proposed development

Allithwaite and Cartmel was designed before the car became the preferred mode of private transport and there were many comments about the lack of availability for car parking during the consultation process. In order to adapt to current preferences for travel yet provide safe and attractive streets, there is a preference for the use of small parking courts contained within perimeter blocks. These spaces can be provided in a variety of ways

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

A range of car parking options for new development a number of options were therefore considered by the NP Steering Group in light of the community consultations:

• Courtyard/mews • On-street in discreet bays • In-curtilage • Garages

Courtyards/mews There has been a general preference for the majority of car parking within new development to be accommodated within well designed small courtyards/mews. These spaces can be appealing and have been shown to work well where:

• They are not just car parks, but places which have multi uses with parking in them. • They are overlooked by adjoining houses, or by buildings entered from the parking area such as flats/workspace over garages.

• They normally include, at most, 10 parking spaces – if there are more spaces, the courtyard layout should be broken up, so it doesn’t resemble a car park.

• There are at least 2 vehicular access points and additional pedestrian access.

On-street It is acknowledged that the provision of on-street parking keeps the space active, helps with reducing traffic speeds and is consistent with local aspirations for the inclusion of shared surfaces within new residential development, however it should not detract from the sense of place of new developments. Visitor parking for cars, small vans and motorcycles should generally use shared public on-street parking.

In-curtilage On plot car parking, will be considered acceptable however it should not detract from the sense of place of a new development. For in curtilage parking, the following principles should be incorporated and where possible a mix of approaches should be used to provide variety, avoid dominance and reflect the differing types and styles of the houses within each development:

• Garages should be designed to be consistent in architectural style and character of the house they serve.

• Garages should be set back from the street frontage. • Parking should be tucked discreetly between houses (rather than in front) so that it does not dominate the street scene.

• Where parking is located in front of houses, design of the street and the landscaping to minimise their visual impact, e.g. incorporate planting between front gardens.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

3.13 Principle 13

Outdoor garden amenity space or a shared amenity area where possible and practicable, should be provided for all new dwellings, including Extra Care housing

The amount of land used for garden or amenity space should be commensurate with the size and type of dwelling and the character of the area and should be of appropriate quality having regard to topography, shadowing (from buildings and landscape features) and privacy.

3.14 Principle 14

To ensure that new homes are accessible and can be easily adapted as people’s needs change throughout their lifetime.

Accessible and adaptable homes that meet the M4(2) Building Regulations are designed and built to a standard that meets the needs of occupants with differing needs, including some older or disabled people. They must also allow adaptation to meet the changing needs of occupants over time. These homes are broadly equivalent to, and replace the former Lifetime Homes standards, which SLDC have encouraged through its Core Strategy Policy CS6.2. Homes built to this standard are more flexible and readily adaptable as people’s needs change, for example if they have children and require easy access for pushchairs, if they have a temporary or permanent disability or health issue, or as they gradually age and their mobility decreases.

People’s housing needs change as they get older, and homes designed in a way that makes them more easily accessible and adaptable allows people to stay in their own homes for longer, as adaptations are easier and cheaper to undertake. With public health and social care strategies placing more emphasis on supporting people in their own homes rather than moving to residential care it is important that we ensure that more adaptable and accessible homes are provided in the district.

This is particularly important given that Allithwaite and Cartmel parish has a higher proportion of older housing stock than regional and national averages, and national studies have shown that older properties are generally less accessible, and harder to adapt.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

4 Character Areas

4.1 Allithwaite Allithwaite and Cartmel is an area of great landscape and beauty. Farming provides the landscape and the landscape provides a thriving tourism industry. The local heritage is what gives a place its character. The existing built environment and local heritage are often forgotten elements when it comes to development. The built and historic environment should be conserved and where possible enhanced for future generations to enjoy the beauty.

A questionnaire was conducted in 2012, and the results fed into the production of a Community Plan for the Parish in 2013. The frequently voiced message was one that the future was that the area and the villages would stay the same. On the whole respondents appreciated how their village looked, and the surrounding countryside was as much if not more important.

Most people felt that alterations or repairs to buildings were in keeping with the village tradition (51% compared with 16% who did not) and that older or more historic buildings were well looked after (57% against 7%). However, neither satisfaction nor dissatisfaction were strong. Residents from Cartmel felt there should be greater enforcement and supervision of conservation area planning principles. Plastic or otherwise inappropriate windows and doors were mentioned frequently.

4.2 Cartmel

Cartmel Conservation area is an asset to the Parish. Cartmel was historically situated in the historic county of Lancashire within the Furness peninsular that was popularly known as ‘Lancashire beyond the sands’. It is now located within the modern county of Cumbria and the local government district of South Lakeland and is a medium sized village, the civil parish of which had a resident population of 1,783 in 2003 and 1,811 in 2011.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

The conservation area includes not only the two separate built up areas that form the settlement but also the immediate landscape setting around the village to the north, south, and west, as well as a narrow corridor of meadow land which separates the two discrete areas. The design guide seeks to ensure that all development within the Parish is of an appropriate design and nature that allows the parish to grow in a way that retains the existing character.

The Parish Council consider that that existing legislation, National Planning Policy, and South Lakeland Core Strategy and associated documents provide appropriate protection for Heritage assets in the form of Statutory Listed Buildings. However, protection of Cartmel Conservation Area and non-designated assets are a priority for the Parish Council.

6 Examples of Acceptable Design (not all examples are from Allithwaite and Cartmel)

6.1 Bungalows

During the consultation process the bungalow in the photo above was chosen by the community as incorporating an interesting modern design with character, using materials that are appropriate to the area.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

6.2 Terraced Houses

The top-rated terrace house design during the consultation process includes a variety of local materials; the proportions are good and fit well with other nearby buildings. Additionally, the frontages are stepped rather than being in a long line.

6.3 Semi-detached Houses

The consultation process identified the semi-detached houses in the above photograph as an acceptable design model. The deep window embrasures and doorways reflect the styles of old Lakeland cottages. The locally sourced materials are those frequently used in local vernacular architecture. The proportions fit in well with nearby buildings.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

6.4 Town Houses

Community preference identified this as an appropriate design for a town house as there is a good use of local materials giving texture to the final building. There is an interesting variety of faces to the elevation. The dormer windows reflect similar ones found on old cottages in the area.

6.5 Detached Houses

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

The consultation process led to the choice of this design as it is not too dominant and relates well to its setting, it has also used local materials and has good proportions.

7 Conclusion

All new development will be expected to respond positively to the key attributes of the parish and local design features of the villages. Development will not be supported where it has a detrimental impact on the character of the area in which it is located.

All new development within or adjacent to Cartmel Conservation Area (Map 2) will be expected to maintain and where possible enhance the positive attributes.

The Community Plan questionnaire results indicate that open spaces in the villages were greatly valued – 91% of respondents indicated such spaces were very or fairly important. In addition, the quality of the surrounding countryside was seen as being of equal or more importance.

Green infrastructure is important to underpin the overall sustainability of a development by performing a range of functions including flood risk management, the provision of accessible green space, climate change adaptation and supporting biodiversity.

Allithwaite and Cartmel supports a range of protected and vulnerable species. The Neighbourhood Plan is recognised as an important local tool in ensuring that new development has a positive impact on green infrastructure supporting local wildlife and habitats.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019

Where practical, developments should ensure that there is a continuous link to existing paths / footways, to allow safe and enjoyable walking / cycling within the area. Paths / cycleways need not necessarily be created at a cost to developers, except where they are wholly within the development, but provision should be made to allow for future connections to be created with as little upheaval as possible.

Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan Pre-Submission Consultation Draft – March 2019 Allithwaite and Cartmel Neighbourhood Development Plan

2019 - 2025

Pre-Submission

Consultation Draft