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Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

HS6

Lychee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape1

Jonathan H. Crane, Carlos F. Balerdi, and Ian Maguire2

Origin: Southern China and southeastern Asia

Distribution: Subtropical and tropical areas of the world. Reliable bearing and highest production occurs in subtropical and Mediterranean-type climates. Areas with significant altitude may also be productive.

Production: are grown commercially in many subtropical areas such as Australia, Brazil, southeast China, India, , Israel, Madagascar, , Mauritius, Mexico, Mynamar, Pakistan, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, , and the U.S. (Florida, , California). 'Brewster' . Fig. 1. 'Brewster' lychee . Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC Description

Other common names: litchi, leechee, : may grow to 40 ft (12 m) in height mamoncillo chino (Spanish), lichi and have a beautiful, dense, rounded, symmetrical canopy extending nearly to the ground. Trees are Scientific name: Litchi chinensis Sonn. very attractive with dark green foliage and reddish-colored fruit. Typically major limbs of Family: nontrained trees begin within 3 ft (0.9 m) of the Relatives: Spanish lime (mamoncillo, kinep; ground. bijugatus ), ( Dimocarpus longan Leaves: Leaves are compound with 2 to 8 Lour.), akee ( Koenig.), and leaflets. Leaves have a reddish color when young, ( lappaceum L.) becoming shiny and bright green when mature.

1. This document is HS6, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date January 1968. Revised September 2005. Visit the EDIS Web Site at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. J.H. Crane, Professor and Tropical Fruit Crops Specialist, TREC, Homestead; C.F. Balerdi, Professor and Multicounty Tropical Fruit Crop Extension Agent, Miami-Dade County, Homestead; Cooperative Extension Service; I. Maguire, Media Artist, TREC, Homestead; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611.

The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A. & M. University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Larry Arrington, Dean Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Lychee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 2

Figure 2.a Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC Figure 4.a Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC

Figure 2.b Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC Figure 4.b Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC

Lychee Tree. Fig. 2. Lychee tree and lychee tree in bloom.

Lychee leaves. Fig. 3. Upper and lower surfaces of the compound lychee leaf. Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC Figure 4.c Flowers: Flowers are small, greenish, and are borne on a large thyrse (a many-flowered Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Lychee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 3

Lychee Flowers. Fig. 4. Lychee inflorescence in full bloom. inflorescence) which emerges at the ends of branches anytime from late December to April (more commonly February and March) in Florida. There are three flower types: two male types (called M1 and M2) and one female (called F). In general, the M1 flowers open first, female flowers (F) open second, and M2 flowers open third.

Figure 6.a Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC

Lychee Fruit. Fig. 4. 'Brewster' lychee fruit. Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC Figure 6.b Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC

Fruit: The fruit is a drupe and fruit are borne in Lychee Pollination. Lychee flowers are pollinated by bees and wind. loose clusters numbering from 3 to 50 and are round to oval and 1.0 to 1.5 inches (25 to 38 mm) in in some cases there may be an advantage to planting diameter. The skin (pericarp) ranges from yellow to more than one variety. pinkish or red and is leathery, with small, short, conical or rounded protuberances. The edible portion Season of bearing: Mid-May to early July in of the fruit (pulp) is called an aril that is succulent, Florida, depending upon variety. whitish, translucent, with excellent subacid flavor. Fruits contain one shiny, dark brown , usually Varieties relatively large, but it may be small and shriveled (called chicken tongues) in some varieties. Fruit 'Mauritius' is the major commercial and must be ripened on the tree for best flavor. bears more regularly than 'Brewster,' which is the second most grown cultivar (Table 1) . Some other Pollination: Lychee flowers are pollinated by have been evaluated, and new introductions bees and various fly species. Isolated or single lychee are under evaluation. trees will usually set acceptable amounts of fruit. However, recent research has demonstrated that Climate under some conditions, cross-pollination among Lychee does not fruit satisfactorily at sea level in different cultivars may increase fruit set. Therefore, tropical climates and is best adapted to warm to cool Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Lychee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 4

Symptoms of cold damage include leaf death, leaf drop, stem and limb dieback, bark splitting, and tree death.

(Figure 2). Figure 7.a Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC Water: Lychee trees are moderately drought tolerant. However, newly planted lychee trees should be irrigated regularly during establishment. In the home landscape, trees will perform well without supplemental irrigation after trees are established. For more consistent cropping of mature trees, withholding irrigation during the fall and winter until bloom may enhance the amount of flowering. Watering during fruit set through harvest may enhance fruit quality and yields.

Lychee may withstand short periods of flooding. However, their reaction to flooding is dependent upon flood duration, tree size, presence or absence of root Figure 7.b Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC diseases, and weather conditions. Planting trees on mounds or beds is recommended for areas prone to Lychee Pollination. Lychee flowers are pollinated by bees wet or flooded soil conditions. and wind. Wind: Young lychee trees are sometimes subtropical areas. The best climates for lychee difficult to establish in windy sites, and exposure to production have a dry, cold (but nonfreezing) winter constant winds may result in tattered leaves, stunted period lasting 3 to 5 months; a warm spring during shoot growth, and stem dieback. In the rocky soils of the flowering period; a hot and humid summer during Miami-Dade County, the bark at the soil line of fruit growth, development, and maturation; and young trees may be damaged by continuous rubbing moderately warm temperatures during the fall. due to the movement caused by high winds. If Periodic rainfall during spring and summer is ideal. possible, trees should be planted in wind-protected The lychee has more cold tolerance than mango sites or protected from wind by surrounding trees but less than sweet orange, so plantings are limited to with light shade cloth which has been attached to wire coastal areas in southern Florida (Figure 2) . Young fencing. trees are damaged at temperatures of 28¡ to 32¡F Propagation (-2¡ to 0¡C), while temperatures down to 24¡ to 25¡F (-3¡ to -4¡C) cause extensive damage or Lychee trees do not come true from seed, and death to large trees if exposed for several hours. seedling trees may take 10 or more years to bear fruit. Lychee trees do not acclimate to cold temperatures Air layering is the most common method of after exposure to cool, nonfreezing temperatures. propagation in Florida. In general, the larger the Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Lychee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 5

Air layering on a lychee tree. Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC limb, the easier it is to air layer. (usually cleft or veneer) and budding onto lychee seedlings or Figure 10.a Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC air layers is possible but is not as common as air layering alone; this may change as superior rootstocks are identified. Top working is possible although not common and may become more common as superior cultivars are recommended. Air-layered or grafted trees begin to bear fruit in 3 to 5 years.

Seedlings may be useful as rootstocks but are not generally recommended because of genetic variability and vary in their tolerance to different soil conditions (e.g., high-pH, calcareous soil). Production (Crop Yields)

Unreliable bearing is the major constraint to Figure 10.b Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC lychee production. Cultivars vary greatly in their bearing habit. Mature 'Brewster' trees (15 to 20 ft Lychee Harvest. tall; 4.6 to 6.1 m tall) may bear 200 to 300 lb (91 to Spacing 136 kg) of fruit in a good year; however, most trees bear a good crop only about 1 year out of 3 or 4. In Planting distances depend on soil type and contrast, well-cared-for, mature 'Mauritius' trees may fertility, current technology, and expertise of the bear every year, with good yields in alternating years. homeowner. Lychee trees in the home landscape On average, yields range from less than 50 lbs to 125 should be planted 25 to 30 feet or more (7.6 to 9.1 m) lbs (23-58 kg) per tree per year over a period of years. away from buildings, other trees, and electrical wires. Trees planted too close to other trees or structures Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Lychee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 6 may not grow normally or produce much fruit due to the tree roots and tamp slightly to remove air pockets. shading. Immediately water the soil around the tree and tree roots. Staking the tree with a wooden or bamboo Soils stake is optional. However, do not use wire or nylon rope to tie the tree to the stake as they may eventually Trees grow best in well-drained soils. Of the damage the tree trunk as it grows. Use a cotton or soils of southern Florida, lychee trees grow best in natural fiber string that will degrade slowly acid sands with moderate-organic-matter content. Trees grow well in the muck soils, but usually do not Planting in Rockland Soil fruit well because of excessive vegetative (shoot and leaf) growth. Sandy soils with low-organic-matter Many areas in Miami-Dade County have a very content are suitable if sufficient fertilizers are shallow soil and several inches below the soil surface supplied. Lychee may be grown on the rocky, is a hard calcareous bedrock . Remove a 3 to 10 ft calcareous soils of the southeast coast but require (0.9-3.1 m) diameter ring of grass sod. Make a hole 3 special care to prevent minor element deficiencies. to 4 times the diameter and 3 times a deep as the container the lychee tree has come in. To dig a hole Planting a Lychee Tree there are several options use a pick and digging bar to break up the rock or contract with a company that has Site Selection augering equipment or a backhoe. the tree as described in the previous section. In general, lychee trees should be planted in full sun for best growth and fruit production. Select a part Planting on a Mound of the landscape away from other trees, buildings and structures, and power lines. Remember lychee trees Many areas in Florida are within 7 ft (2.1 m) or can become very large if not pruned to contain their so of the water table and experience occasional size. Select an area of the landscape that does not flooding after heavy rainfall events. To improve plant flood (or remain wet) after typical summer rainfall survival consider planting fruit trees on a 2 to 3 ft events (0.6-0.9 m) high by 4 to 10 ft (1.2-3.1 m) diameter mound of native soil. Planting in Sandy Soil In areas where the bedrock nearly comes to the Many areas in Florida have sandy soil. Remove surface (rockland soil) follow the recommendations a 3 to 10 ft (0.9-3.1 m) diameter ring of grass sod. for the previous section. In areas with sandy soil Dig a hole 3 to 4 times the diameter and 3 times a follow the recommendations from the section on deep as the container the lychee tree came in. planting in sandy soil. Making a large hole loosens the soil adjacent to the new tree making it easy for the roots to expand into Care of Lychee Trees in the Home the adjacent soil. It is not necessary to apply Landscape fertilizer, topsoil, or compost to the hole. In fact, placing topsoil or compost in the hole first and then A calendar outlining the month-to-month planting on top of it is not desirable. If you wish to cultural practices for lychee is shown in Table 2. add topsoil or compost to the native soil, mix it with the soil excavated from making the hole in no more Fertilizer than a 50-50 ratio. Young trees (less than 4 years old) should be Backfill the hole with some of the native soil fertilized with 0.25 to 0.50 lbs (0.11 to 0.22 kg) of a removed to make the hole. Remove the tree from the complete fertilizer every 8 weeks (Table 3). container and place it in the hole so that the top of the Fertilizer mixtures containing 6 to 8% nitrogen, 2 to soil media in the container is level with or slightly 4% available , 6 to 8% potash, and 3 to above the surrounding soil level. Fill soil in around 4% magnesium are satisfactory. Twenty to 50% of the nitrogen should be in organic form. Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Lychee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 7

In acid to neutral-pH soils, such species (reniform, Rotylenchulus reniformis; and as , , and iron may be applied in dry sheath nematode, Hemicriconemoides mangiferae ) applications to the soil. However, foliar applications cause decline of young lychee trees. of manganese and zinc should be made to trees growing in high-pH, calcareous soils. Two to four Diseases applications of micronutrients should be made during Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ) the growing season (March to November). is the major disease attacking fruit. The fruit of some Soil applications of iron sulfate may be effective cultivars (e.g., 'Mauritius') are much more in acid to neutral-pH soils. However, in high-pH, susceptible than others (e.g., 'Brewster'). calcareous soils, chelated (Fe-EDDHA) iron in a soil Occasionally, mushroom root rot (Clitocybe drench should be applied. For young trees, mix 0.5 to tabescens) kills lychee trees, often in land where oaks 2.0 ounces (14 to 57 g) of iron chelate in sufficient (Quercus virginiana) were previously grown. A water to move the material into the soil around the parasitic lichen may occasionally attack leaves. Red base of the tree. For mature trees mix 0.5 to 4.0 algae may attack lychee shoots and limbs; symptoms ounces (14 to 113 g) of iron chelate per tree per include grayish to rust-colored, irregularly-shaped application. Iron should be applied 2 to 4 times patches on the bark and bark splitting. For more during the growing season. information and control measures, consult your county agricultural extension agent. Once trees are 4 or more years old and begin fruit production, applications of nitrogen containing Lychee Trees and Lawn Care fertilizer from August until early spring Lychee trees in the home landscape are (February-March) should be avoided. Nitrogen susceptible to trunk injury caused by lawn mowers applications during this time may stimulate new and weed eaters. Maintain a grass-free area 2 to 5 or vegetative growth (i.e., leaves and shoots) and reduce more away from the trunk of the tree. Never hit the or eliminated the potential for flowering and trunk with lawn mowing equipment and never production. use a weed eater near the tree trunk. Mechanical Irrigation (Watering) damage to the trunk of the tree will result in weakening the tree and if severe enough can cause Young trees should be irrigated regularly to the tree to dieback or die. facilitate tree establishment and growth. Once trees begin to bear (3 to 4 years after planting), trees should Roots of mature lychee trees spread beyond the be irrigated regularly from flowering through harvest. drip-line of the tree canopy and heavy fertilization of Research from other regions has suggested that mild the lawn adjacent to lychee trees is not recommended drought stress during the fall (September or October) and may reduce fruiting and or fruit quality. The use and early winter enhances flowering in late winter or of lawn sprinkler systems on a timer may result in early spring. over watering and cause lychee trees to decline. This is because too much water, too often is being applied Insect Pests which results in root rot.

The panicles (thyrses) and flowers of lychee are Mulch and Compost attacked by a number of moth pests. Periodically, plumose (Morganela longispina) and Philephedra Applying a thin layer of well cured compost (Philephedra tuberculosa) scales attack stems, and from the drip-line to within 6 inches of the trunk may heavy infestations may cause stem dieback. Adult be beneficial for the fibrous roots of lychee trees. In Diaprepes root weevils (Diaprepes abbreviatus) and addition, mulching lychee trees in the home citrus root weevils (Pachnaeus litus) feed on lychee landscape helps retain soil moisture, reduces weed leaves, and their larvae feed on the roots of lychee problems adjacent to the tree trunk, and improves the trees causing a loss of tree vigor. Several nematode soil near the surface. Mulch with a 2 to 6 inch (5-15 Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Lychee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 8 cm) layer of bark, wood chips, or similar mulch material. Keep mulch 8 to 12 inches (20-30 cm) from the trunk to prevent rotting of the base of the trunk.

Pruning

Generally training of young trees is not required. However, formative pruning during the first 2 years may be desirable to encourage lateral branching and growth. After several years of production it is desirable to cut back the tops of the trees to 10 to 15 feet (3.0 to 4.6 m). Selectively removing a few upper limbs back to their origin (crotches) each year will Figure 11.b Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC help prevent the loss of the lower tree canopy due to shading by the upper canopy. In addition, maintaining a smaller tree facilitates tree care and fruit harvest, makes it easier to spray the tree, and greatly reduces possible storm damage. Do not remove lower tree branches because they will help shade beneath the tree canopy and reduce weed growth and these branches may flower and fruit.

Pruning should be carried out immediately after harvest to allow regrowth and maturation of new shoots and leaves before the onset of cool/cold winter temperatures. Severe pruning is sometimes used to reduce tree height or width of very large trees. It does not injure lychee trees, but reduces fruit production for one to several seasons. Once lychee trees become 30 ft (9.1 m) or taller extreme caution should be used in pruning the trees. Climbing trees to prune them is dangerous and not recommended. Pruning of large lychee trees should be done by a professional arborist that is licensed and insured.

Harvesting Figure 11.c Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC

Lychee Harvest Tools.

Fruit are harvested by cutting the main stem bearing the fruit clusters several inches behind the fruit clusters. Fruit may or may not be detached from the fruit clusters before storage. Ripe fruit are sweet, plump, and of the size and color characteristic of the cultivar ( Table 1 ). Fruit picked while immature are not sweet and have poor flavor.

Figure 11.a Credits: Ian Maguire IFAS/TREC Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Lychee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 9

Uses and Nutritional Value

Lychee are an excellent fresh fruit and are best consumed as soon after harvest as possible. The fruit are low in calories and a good source of potassium, and are commonly eaten out of hand (Table 4). Fresh fruit may be stored in polyethylene bags in the refrigerator for 5 to 10 days and retain reasonable color and freshness. Fruit may be frozen whole (in the ), canned (without the peel), and dried (in the peel) for later use. In the home landscape, lychee make beautiful specimen trees which provide fruit, aesthetics, and shade. Lychee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 10

Table 1. Characteristics of selected lychee varieties in Florida.

Tree Fruit Recom.8 Cultivar Other Names Vigor 1 Habit 2 Size 3 Color 4 Flavor 5 Fruit bh6 Disease7 Photo Home/Comm. Bengal Rose Scented H S M-L R G 2 S Photo N/N Bosworth 3 Kwai May Pink L-M U S P F-G-E 1 S Photo Y/U Brewster Chen Zi, Chen Tzu H U-S M P-R E 2-3 R Photo Y/Y Early Large Red -- H S M-L P-R G 3 S Photo U/U Archival Emperor* -- L S M-L R G 2 U Photo Y/U Groff* -- M U-S S R-P F-G 2 R M/N copy: Hak Ip Black Leaf, Haak Yip, M U-S M Pu-R G-E 1-2 R Photo Y/M

Hei Ye for current Kaimana -- M-H S M-L R G 3 R Photo U/U Kwai May Red Kwai Mi M U-S S P-R G 3 U Photo U/U recommendations Mauritius Da Zao, Tai So, Hong H S M-L P-R G 1 S Photo Y/Y Huey No Mai Chee No Mai Chi, No Mi Ci, L S S-M Y-R E 2-3 U M/U No Mai Tsz, No Mai Tsze see Ohia -- L U-S S Y-R G-E U U Photo U/U http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Salathiel -- L S S P-R G-E U U U/U Sweet Cliff* Tim Naan, Tian Yan M U S P F-G 2 U Photo Y/U Wai Chee Huai Zhi, Kim Cheng, L U-S S Y-R G 2-3 U U/U Wai Chi

Yellow Red -- M U-S M Y-R G-E 3 R M/N or your Hanging Green -- L-M S M G-P E 3 R Photo N/N local Amboina -- L S S P-R P 2 U N/N Gee Kee -- M S S R G U U Photo U/U extension 1, Tree vigor--H: high; M: moderate; L: low. 2, Growth habit--U: upright; S: spreading. 3, Fruit size--S: small; M: medium; L: large. 4, Fruit color--R: red; Pu: purple; P: pink; Y:

yellow; G: green. 5, Fruit flavor--E: excellent; G: good; F: fair; P: poor. 6, Fruit bh (bearing habit)--1: regular; 2: irregular; 3: very irregular; U: under evaluation. office. 7, Fruit susceptibility to anthracnose--S: suceptible; R: resistant; U: under evaluation. 8, Recommendation--Y: yes; N: no; M: maybe; U: under evaluation.*, Cultivar does not grow well as air layers in calcareous, high-pH soil of Miami-Dade County. Lychee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 11

Table 2. Cultural calendar for lychee production of mature (bearing) trees in the home landscape.

Operation Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

General1 The period from late Feb./early March into August is generally the best time to apply granular mixes containing nitrogen-phosphate-potash- magnesium (N-P-K-Mg). Only 2 to 3 applications are necessary during this period. Do not apply nitrogen containing fertilizers beyond Aug. as this may promote

vegetative growth and prevent flowering in the spring. Archival Nitritional Apply 2 to 4 nutritional sprays to the leaves anytime from March through October. These sprays should

sprays include magnesium, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, and boron. copy:

Iron soil The period from April through Sept. is generally the best time to apply 2 to 4 soil drenches of for

drenches chelated iron material. Dry granular applications of iron sulfate to trees growing in acidic current sandy soil may substitute for drenches of chelated iron material. Chelated iron material

should be applied to trees growing in high pH, calcareous soils (i.e., Miami-Dade Co.). recommendations

Watering Water trees during dry periods of 5 or more days. Watering during the summer may be unnecessary unless drought conditions prevail. Stop watering trees by the end of Aug. and do not water trees unless there is extreme drought from Sept. until spring flowering. see Insect Monitor Monitor Monitor Monitor Monitor Monitor Monitor Monitor Monitor Monitor Monitor Monitor http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu control2 for lychee for lychee for lychee for bark for bark for bark for bark for bark for bark for bark for bark for lychee webworm. webworm. webworm. scale, leaf scale, leaf scale, leaf scale, leaf scale and scale and scale and scale and webworm. Monitor Monitor Monitor scales, scales, scales, scales, leaf leaf leaf leaf Monitor for bark for bark for bark and mealy and mealy and mealy and mealy scales. scales. scales. scales. for bark scale. scale. scale. bugs. bugs. bugs. bugs. scale. or your

Disease A foliar copper spray may be made one time per local control3 month on 'Mauritius' lychee to control anthracnose. extension Anthracnose is generally not a major problem on other lychee varieties or during dry weather

conditions. office. Pruning Some pruning occurs during the harvest as fruit bunches are removed. However, additional selective pruning is necessary to reduce or maintain trees at 8 to 15 ft in height. Do not tip prune branches after Aug. as this will stimulate new vegetative growth and reduce the likelihood of flowering in the following spring. Lychee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 12

Table 2. Cultural calendar for lychee production of mature (bearing) trees in the home landscape.

1, See the text for the makeup of nutritional sprays and iron soil drenches. 2, Symptoms of lychee webworm infestation are dead emerging panicals during the spring flowering period. Symptoms of bark scale infestation include leaf chlorosis (yellowing), stem dieback, and tree decline. Contact your local county Extension Agent for current control recommendations. 3, Fruit symptoms of anthracnose on fruit include dark brown circular spots that enlarge as fruit near maturity/. Anthracnose is generally not a major problem on lychee fruit growing in the home landscape; anthracnose may be a problem on the variety Mauritius. Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Lychee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 13

Table 3. Suggested fertilizer program for lychee in the Florida landscape.

Year Times per Amount/tree/ Total Nutritional Iron chelate year application amount/tree/ sprays drenches (lbs)1 year1 (times/year)2 (oz/tree/year)3

1 6 0.25-0.5 1.5-3.0 6 0.5-0.75

2 6 0.5-1.0 3.0-6.0 6 0.75-1.0

3 6 1.0-1.5 6.0-9.0 6 1.0-1.5

4 2-3 1.5-2.0 9.0-10.0 4 1.5-2.0

5 2-3 2.5-3.0 10.0-14.0 4 2-4

6 2-3 3.0-3.5 14.0-16.0 4 2-4

7 2-3 4.0-4.5 16.0-18.0 4 2-4

8+ 2-3 4.5-5.0 18.0-20.0 4 2-4

1, Use 6-6-6-2, 8-3-8-3, 4-4-8-3 or similar materials. 2, The nutritional spray should contain magnesium, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and boron; it may also contain iron. Foliar sprays are most effective from April through September/October. 3, Iron chelate soil drenches (iron plus water) will prevent iron deficiency; foliar iron sprays are generally not effective. Apply soil drenches from June through Sept. See the text under 'Fertilizer' for more information.

Table 4. Nutrient value of raw lychee fruit (3.5 oz or 100 g of fruit).1

Constituent Approximate Constituent Approximate Constituent Approximate value value value Water 82% 16.5 g Phosphorus 31 mg content Calories 66 kcal Total dietary 1.3 g Potassium 171 mg fiber 0.83 g Calcium 5 mg Sodium 1 mg

Fat 0.44 g Iron 0.3 mg Vit. C 71.5 mg

Chloresterol 0.0 g Magnesium 10 mg Niacin 0.6 mg

1, Data from the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/