Федеральное агентство морского и речного флота
Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Морской государственный университет им, адм. Г. И. Невельского
О. Я. Казинская, Л. М. Ямченко
BRIDGE WATCHKEEPING
Учебное пособие
Рекомендовано Дальневосточным региональным учебно-методическим центром (ДВ РУМЦ) в качестве учебного пособия для курсантов старших курсов специальности 180402.65 "Судовождение"
Владивосток 2007 Introduction
In many shipping companies, shipboard safety has improved greatly over the past few years. Safety awareness programmes, the regular use of safety equipment and training have made ships safer places to live in and work at. However, too many incidents, acci dents and injuries still occur. Many accidents are results of lapses in concentration or have seemingly minor causes. The consequencies of such lapses can lead to accidents which vary in their severity. Under the "International Safety Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and Pollution Prevention", more commonly known as the International Safety Management (ISM) Code, all shipping companies are required to develop a safety and environ mental policy. The Code, which is an International Maritime Organisation (IMO) resolution, is incorporated as Chapter IX of the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention and is mandatory. One of the objectives of the ISM code is to "provide for safe practices in ship operation and a safe working environment". Safety is of paramount importance and should be borne in mind before any task is attempted. In order to get this message across, it is necessary to develop a safety culture where all staff appreciate the importance of safety. In fact, it must be their first consideration and become part of their way of life. The officers on the ship, in particular, must be totally committed to the safety culture and must be seen to actively promote and sup port its development. Everyone onboard should actively promote safety.
5 Part I. Watchkeeping
The following instructions are based to a large extent upon the International Convention on Standards of Training, certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, as amended in 1995 (STCW Con vention) and are supposed to be used together with the specific in structions as included in the ship's Safety Management System (SMS).
Unit I. Master
The master has the ultimate responsibility for the safe and effi cient operation of the ship. He shall ensure that each officer of the watch (OOW) is sufficiently familiar with the ship's navigational and safety equipment as well as the manoeuvring capabilities and limitations to assume sole operational responsibility for a watch at sea. The master shall expressly inform the OOW when he assumes control of the vessel's navigation as well as when he returns the re sponsibility for the navigation of the vessel to the OOW. He shall organise the watchkeeping, enstiring that the bridge team members (himself included) are allowed sufficient rest periods in accordance with the STCW convention and/or national rules and regulations. The master shall issue written standing orders and special in structions as necessary. He shall consider the layout of the bridge when deciding on the necessary manning level for the bridge during different circumstances. He shall ensure that all members of the bridge teams are properly trained in manually steering the vessel.
I. Read the text paying attention to the pronunciation of the fol lowing words: ultimate [4ltimit], efficient [I'ftj^nt], manoeuvring [ma'mKV^rirj], allow [o'lau], sufficient [sa'fij^nt], issue ['iju: ], circumstance [•saikamstaens].
6 II. Check that you understand the text answering the following questions.
1. Who has the ultimate responsibility for the safe and efficient operation of the ship? 2. What equipment should each OOW be familiar with? 3. How shall the master inform the OOW when he assumes control of the vessel's operation? 4. In accordance with what papers are the bridge team members al lowed sufficient rest periods? 5. In what form must all standing orders and special instructions be issued? 6. What shall the master take into consideration when deciding on the necessary manning level for the bridge? 7. Why are all members of the bridge teams to be properly trained in manually steering the vessel?
III. Look through the text and find English equivalents of the fol lowing word combinations:
абсолютная ответственность; эффективная работа; достаточно хорошо знать; так же, как; маневренные возможности; взять/принять на себя единоличную ответственность; четко проинформировать; принять на себя управление; члены вах тенной команды на мостике; достаточное для отдыха; издавать письменные распоряжения; учитывать план (расположение) мостика; штатная численность личного состава; ручное управ ление.
IV. Correct the false statements. Which of these statements are true according to the text?
1. The master has the overriding responsibility for the safe and effi cient operation of the ship. 2. He shall ensure that each officer of the watch knows the ship's navigational and safety equipment. 3. The master shall vaguely advise the OOW when he assumes con trol of the vessel's navigation.
7 4. The bridge team members are allowed sufficient rest periods in compliance with ISM Code and navigational rules. 5. The master shall issue oral standing orders and other instruc tions as necessary. 6. The necessary manning level for the bridge during different cir cumstances should be decided in consideration for the layout of the bridge. 7. The master should make sure that all members of the bridge team can steer the vessel manually.
V. Fill the blanks with the proper words or word combinations from the text and translate the sentences.
1. The master has the for the safe and efficient operation of the ship. 2. He shall ensure that each officer of the watch is familiar with the ship's navigational and safety equipment to ... sole operational responsibility for a watch at sea. 3. The master should ensure that the are allowed sufficient rest periods according to interna tional and national rules and regulations. 4. The master shall issue written as necessary. 5. He shall consider the layout of the bridge when deciding on the necessary for the bridge in differ ent circumstances.
VI. Be ready to speak on masters responsibility for watchkeeping.
Unit II. The Officer of the Watch (OOW)
The officer of the watch is the master's representative and his primary responsibility at all times is the safe navigation of the ship. The OOW shall comply at all times with the applicable regulations for preventing collisions at sea. He shall ensure that a good lookout is maintained at all times using all means available, including but not limited to, visual, audible and electronic. He shall always com ply with the master's written standing and special orders. The OOW shall ensure that the members of the bridge team are informed and updated on occurrences during the watch that are of significance to
8 the safe navigation of the vessel. He shall comply with vessel's Safety Management System (SMS). The officer of the watch shall once every watch check: — the manual steering at times when the autopilot is in use; — the gyro and magnetic compass errors and the synchronisa tion between the compass repeaters and the main gyro; — lights and signals; and — the operation of the GMDSS equipment. Whenever required he shall call for reinforcement of the watch. The OOW shall immediately call the master: — in accordance with the master's standing orders; — when visibility deteriorates below the limit stated in the mas ter's standing orders; — when in doubt regarding the intentions of other vessels; — if having the slightest doubt of the vessel's true position; — at the breakdown of the engines, steering gear or any essential navigational equipment; and — for any other reason causing doubt about the safe navigation of the vessel. Watchkeeping is teamwork and must be organised to meet the special requirement of the vessel and her trade.
I Read the text paying attention to the pronunciation of the fol lowing words:
primary ['рганпэп], applicable [э'рккэЫ], maintain [mein'tein], vis , ual [Vrjual], audible [ o:dib(Q)l], occurrence [a'k/vrans], significance [sig'mfiksns], autopilot ['oto^pailst], compass ['kAmpas], synchro 1 nisation [, sirjkranai zeij(s)n], gyro [' ёзаюгои], reinforcement [^Kin'fo-.sntent], deteriorate [di'tiariareit], doubt [daut], gear [дю].
II. Check that you understand the text answering the following questions.
1. What is the primary responsibility of the officer of the watch? 2. What should be used to ensure a good lookout? 3. When shall the OOW comply with the master's standing orders?
9 4. What should the members of the bridge team be informed and updated on during the watch? 5. What does SMS stand for? 6. When shall he check the manual steering? 7. In what cases is he to call for reinforcement of the watch? 8. According to what papers is he to call the master? 9. In what weather conditions should the master be called immedi ately?
III. Look through the text and find English equivalents of the fol lowing words and word combinations:
представитель капитана; основная обязанность; действовать со гласно соответствующим правилам; вести надлежащее наблю дение; все имеющиеся в наличии средства; звуковой; распоря жения; быть важным; система управления безопасности; по правки гиро- и магнитного компасов; оборудование ГМССБ; усиление вахты; гироскоп; ухудшаться (о видимости); ручное управление; имея малейшие сомнения; поломка двигателя; важное навигационное оборудование; соответствовать требова ниям; вызывать обеспокоенность.
IV. Are the following statements true or false according to the text? Correct any false statements.
1. The officer of the watch is the master's assistant. 2. His primary responsibility is the safety of the ship. 3. The OOW shall ensure that a good lookout is kept using all avail able means. 4. He shall inform the bridge team members on any events during the watch which are of importance. 5. The OOW shall once every watch check the manual steering when the autopilot is not operational. 6. The watch must be reinforced when it is necessary. 7. The officer of the watch shall immediately call the master when visibility improves.
10 У. Match the words from the text in the left column with their synonyms in the right column.
1) available a) concerning 2) breakdown b) to correct 3) to comply with c) to delegate 4) to deteriorate d) directly 5) doubt e) essential 6) to ensure f) event 7) equipment g) failure 8) error h) gear 9) immediately i) to guarantee 10) occurrence j) at hand 11) primary k) inaccuracy 12) regarding 1) to perform 13) reinforcement m) support 14) representative n) uncertainty 15) to update o) to worsen
VI. Replace the underlined words with the words from the text.
1. The officer of the watch shall perform at all the times the applica ble COLREGs. 2. The OOW must guarantee that a good lookout is kept at all times using all means at hand. 3. He shall ensure an every watch check of the gyro and magnetic compass inaccuracies. 4. The OOW shall call for support of the watch when he thinks it necessary. 5. The master must be directly called when visibility worsens below the limit stated in the master's standing orders. 6. The officer of the watch shall call the master at the failure of any gear.
11 VII. Give Russian equivalents of the following English words and word combinations front the text: master's representative; primary responsibility; to comply with the applicable regulations; to maintain a good lookout; all means avail able; audible; standing orders; to be of significance; Safety Manage ment System; gyro and magnetic compass errors; the GMDSS equip ment; reinforcement of the watch; whenever required; when visibil ity deteriorates; when in doubt; intentions of other vessels; having the slightest doubt; the breakdown of the engines; essential naviga tional equipment; to meet the requirements.
VIII. Be ready to speak on the duties of the officer of the watch.
Unit III. Lookout
A good lookout shall be maintained at all times using all means available, including but not limited to visual, audible and electronic. The duties of the lookout shall be clearly communicated to the sea man assuming the watch. The lookout should be briefed about what to expect during the watch such as lights, changing visibility condi tions, traffic density, distracting light from shores etc. The lookout shall not be occupied with activities that may impede the lookout. In addition to maintaining a proper lookout for the purpose of fully appraising the situation and the risk of collision, stranding and other dangers to navigation, the duties of the lookout shall include the detection of ships or aircraft in distress, shipwrecked persons, wrecks and debris. In maintaining a lookout the following should be observed: a) the lookout must be able to give full attention to the keeping of a proper lookout and no other duties shall be undertaken or as signed which could interfere with that task; b) the duties of the lookout and helmsman are separate and the helmsman shall not be considered to be the lookout while steer ing, except in small ships where ammobstructed all-round view is provided at the steering position and there is no impairment of night vision or other impediment to the keeping of a proper
12 lookout. The officer in charge of the watch may be the sole look out in daylight provided that on each occasion: 1) the situation has been carefully assessed and it has been estab lished without doubt that it is safe to do so; 2) full account has been taken of all relevant factors including, but not limited to: — state of weather — visibility — traffic density — proximity of danger to navigation — the attention necessary when navigating in or near traffic separation schemes 3) assistance is immediately available to be summoned to the bridge when any change in the situation so requires.
I Read the text paying attention to the pronunciation of the fol lowing words: impede [im'piid], purpose ['parpss], shipwrecked ['Jiprekt], debris ['debri:], interfere [^nta'fis], helmsman ['helmzman],
l separate [ sep(s)nt]/ except [ik'sept], impairment [im'pesmsnt], impediment [im'pedim9nt],proximity [prok'simiti], scheme [ski:m], summon ['sAman]
II. Check that you understand the text answering the following questions.
1. In what way shall a good lookout be maintained? 2. What should the seaman assuming the watch be advised of? 3. What activities must the lookout be not engaged in? 4. What are the lookout duties? 5. Are the duties of the lookout the same as the duties of the helmsman? What is the difference? 6. In what circumstances may the watchkeeping officer be the only lookout in daylight? 7. What factors should be taken into account by the officer on the watch?
13 Ill Look through the text and find English equivalents of the fol lowing words and word combinations:
вести наблюдение; все имеющиеся в наличии средства; прини мать вахту; дать инструкции; интенсивность движения; отвле кающие внимание огни с берега; заниматься делами; мешать наблюдению; с целью оценить ситуацию полностью; опасность посадки на мель; потерпевшие кораблекрушение; обломки; полный круговой обзор; ухудшение ночного видения; без со мнения; вызывать на мостик.
IV. Here are some verbs from the text. Give the corresponding nouns. Make up sentences of your own: to maintain, to assume, to brief, to include, to communicate, to im pede, to appraise, to assign, to undertake, to summon.
V. Correct the false statements. Which of these statements are true according to the text?
1. A good lookout shall be limited to visual, audible and electronic means. 2. No duties which could interfere with keeping a proper lookout shall be assigned to the lookout. 3. The duties of the lookout shall include the detection of ships in distress, shipwrecked persons and debris. 4. The duties of the lookout and helmsman are the same. 5. The officer in charge of the watch may be the sole lookout in day light if it has been established without doubt that it is safe to do so.
VI. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Express your own opinion.
1. Radar will give a better picture of the ship's environment than ac tual visual observation. 2. The visual scene is the real scene not an electronic version of real ity and the OOW who frequently observes the scene outside the
14 windows will have a better understanding of and feel for the world around him.
VII. Give Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations from the text:
to maintain a good lookout; all means available; to assume the watch; to brief; traffic density; distracting lights from shores; to be occupied with activities; to impede the lookout; to appraise the situation; the risk of stranding; shipwrecked persons; debris; unob structed all-round view; impairment of night vision; without doubt; to summon to the bridge.
VIII. Brief the lookout about what he is to expect during the watch.
IX. Be ready to speak on maintenance of a proper lookout.
Unit IV. Navigation
The officer of the watch must be familiar with the operation of the engine controls - including, but not limited to, limiting and override functions. Both he and the helmsman must be familiar with the changeover between manual/automatic steering. In addition, the OOW needs to know the characteristics of the steering system including: — the emergency steering system; and — all automatic steering settings and the override function. The officer of the watch must understand the factors influencing the manoeuvring characteristics of the vessel such as squat and the propeller rotation. He shall refer to the wheelhouse poster and learn the vessel's stopping distances and turning characteristics. The anchors shall be ready for immediate use in narrow waters. The use of steering method - automatic or manual - must be dic tated by i. a. the visibility, the traffic situation and the master's standing orders. Special consideration needs to be taken for vessels with high ef ficiency rudder.
15 I Course alterations should be ordered by indicating to the i helmsman the direction and rudder angle that is desired to execute I the turn. I The execution of helm orders shall be closely monitored by the I officer of the watch. All orders and courses should be repeated loud 1 and clear. Closed loop communication should be used. A closed J loop sequence of orders can be illustrated as follows - the pilot or- | ders - "Starboard, steer three-five-five". The helmsman repeats the 1 order verbatim - "Starboard, steer three-five-five". The pilot then I closes the loop by confirming to the helmsman that the order was 1 correctly repeated. i Note: i. a. - in absentia (lat.) - за отсутствием, отсутствие 1 verbatim [v3:'beitim] - дословно, слово в слово I
I. Read the text paying attention to the pronunciation of the foU I lowing words: 1
familiar [fa'milia], override [auva'raid], automatic [^rta'maetik], 1 squat [skwot], poster ['pauste], alteration ^orlte^eij^n], execution 1 [leksikju:J(9)n], loud [laud], loop [hr.p], sequence ['sr.kwans], illus- 1 trated ['ibstreitid], verbatim [v3:'beitim] 1
II. Check that you understand the text answering the following I questions. ]
1. What must the OOW be familiar with during navigation? 1 2. What factors influencing the manoeuvring characteristics of the I vessel must the watchkeeping understand? | 3. Where can he find the vessel's manoeuvring characteristics? 1 4. What is the use of steering method dictated by? | 5. Whose duty is to monitor the execution of helm orders? ] 6. How should all orders and courses be repeated? 1 7. What communication should be used when relaying orders? 1
16 III. Look through the text and find English equivalents of the fol lowing words and word combinations:
функции ограничения и отмены; органы управления двигате лем; переход (с одного режима на другой); аварийная система управления рулем; увеличение осадки кормой на ходу; враще ние гребного винта; выбег (при торможении судна); характери стики поворотливости; отсутствие видимости; распоряжения капитана; принимать во внимание; суда с активным рулем; из менение курса; угол руля; выполнить поворот; обратная связь; последовательность команд; слово в слово.
IV. Are the following statements true or false, according to the text? Correct any false statements.
1. The OOW must know the operation of the engine controls. 2. The watchkeeping officer does not need to be familiar with the characteristics of the steering system. 3. In order to learn the vessel's stopping distances and turning characteristics the officer of the watch may refer to the wheel- house poster. 4. The anchors must be always ready for immediate use. 5. Course alterations must be given to the helmsman by indicating the direction and rudder angle. 6. The execution of helm orders shall be closely monitored by the master.
V. Practice reading the wheel orders. Work in pairs: one of you is a watchkeeping officer, the other is a helmsman.
Remember: All wheel orders given should be repeated by the helmsman and the officer of the watch should ensure that they are carried out correctly and immediately. All wheel orders should be held until countermanded. When the OOW requires a course to be steered by compass, the direction in which he wants the wheel turned should be stated followed by each numeral being said sepa rately, including zero. On recept of an order to steer the helmsman should repeat it and bring the vessel round steadily to the course
17 ordered. When the vessel is steady on the course ordered, the helmsman is to call out: "Steady on 0 2 1 °". The person giving the order should acknowledge the helmsman's reply.
1. Midships. 2. Port / Starboard five / ten / fifteen / twenty / twenty-five. 3. Hard-a-port / starboard. 4. Nothing to port / starboard. 5. Meet her. 6. Steady. 7. Ease to five / ten / twenty. 8. Steady as she goes. 9. Keep the buoy / mark / beacon / ... on port / starboard side. 10. Report if she does not answer the wheel. 11. Finished with wheel, no more steering. 12. Port, steer one six two. 13. Starboard, steer zero eight five. 14. Port, steer three zero seven.
VI. Check if you know the meaning of the following wheel orders. Match the orders with their correct meaning.
1. Midships. a) Check the swing of the vessel's 2. Port / Starboard... head in a turn. b) Steer a steady course on the 3. Hard-a-port starboard. compass heading indicated at 4. Nothing to port/ starboard. the time of the order. 5. Meet her. c)..° of port/starboard to be held. d) Rudder to be held in the fore 6. Steady. and aft position. 7. Ease to... e) Reduce amount of rudder to ..° and hold. 8. Steady as she goes. f) Avoid allowing the vessel's head to go to port/starboard. g) Reduce swing as rapidly as pos sible.
18 VII. Here are some words and word combinations from the text. Give their Russian equivalents.
To be familiar with; override function; changeover; squat; stopping distance; master's standing orders; special consideration needs to be taken for ...; course alterations; rudder angle; execution of helm or ders; closed loop communication; sequence of orders.
VIZI. Be ready to speak on what the OOW must know and do con cerning navigation.
Unit V. Passage Planning
Suggestions on how to execute good voyage planning can be found in the Bridge Procedures Guide published by the Interna tional Chamber of Shipping. Information about the most favourable route should be gathered from official updated charts, pilot books, tide tables and tidal current tables, notices to mariners and radio navigation warnings. Courses should be laid down in the charts and, where appropriate, wheel over position and turning radius should be marked on the chart. Maximum allowable cross track margins should be indicated on the chart as well as danger zones with minimum clearing distances. Information about reporting points, relevant VHF channel as well as required speed changes should also be indicated in the pas sage plan. The officer of the watch shall frequently verify the vessel's posi tion. When using electronic position fixing aids such as GPS and Lo rain C, independent position fixing methods shall be used to verify that the instruments are functioning properly. When preparing the plan the navigation officer will need to take account of the following: - Adequate underkeel clearance at all times, including allow ances for squat, pitch, roll, swell, predicted tidal height and possible increase of draught due to heel and trim.
19 - Safe distances off dangers, allowing for weather, tidal stream, anticipated traffic, reliability of survey data, availability of safe water and navigational systems in use. - Alter-course positions which can be monitored conveniently by means of radar or by visual bearings. The purpose of passage planning is to ensure positive control over the safe navigation of the ship at all times.
I Read the text paying attention to the pronunciation of the fol lowing words:
suggestion [se^est^^n], execute ['eksikjurt], procedure [pr9'si:d39], chamber ['tjeimba], route [ru:t], mariner ['msrms], ap propriate [s'prauprnt], radius ['reidiss], allowable [эЧаиэЫ ], margin ['тагёзт], instruments ['instruments], also ['orlssu], adequate ['aedikwit], allowance jVlauans], squat [skwnt], height [hait], in crease ['inkriis], draught [dra:ft], reliability [r^laia'biliti], survey ['saivei], data ['delta], control [kon'trol]
II. Check that you understand the text answering the following questions below.
1. What manual is advisable to use when preparing a voyage plan? 2. Where can you find all necessary information about the most fa vourable route? 3. What data should be marked on the chart? 4. What shall the OOW frequently do? 5. What must the navigating officer take into account when execut ing voyage planning? 6. What is the purpose of the voyage planning?
III. Look through the text and find English equivalents of the foU lowing words and word combinations:
предложения; международная палата судоходства; наиболее благоприятный маршрут; новейшие карты; проложить курс на карте, где необходимо; радиус циркуляции; место перекладки руля; граница (предел) пересекающего (поперечного) пути;
20 минимальное безопасное расстояние; контрольная точка; соот ветствующий УКВ канал; сверять местоположение (координа ты) судна; электронные средства определения местоположения судна; обращать внимание на ...; соответствующая глубина под килем; поправка (допуск) на увеличение осадки кормой на хо ду; бортовая качка; килевая качка; волнение (зыбь); крен; диф ферент; предполагаемое движение судов; надежность данных съемки.
IV. Read the following statements. Are they true? Correct any false ones.
1. Ideas on how to prepare a good voyage plan can be found in STCW. 2. All the necessary data on the most suitable route can be taken from all navigational publications available. 3. The passage should include information about reporting points, relevant VHF channel and required speed changes. 4. It is not obligatory to use independent position fixing methods when using electronic position fixing aids. 5. When preparing the plan the OOW should take account of clear ing distances off dangers. 6. The purpose of passage planning is to ensure continuous control over the safe navigation of the ship at all times.
V. Complete the following sentences. You may consult the text.
1. Suggestions on how to execute good voyage planning can be found in 2. Information about the most favourable route should be gathered from 3. Wheel over position and turning radius should be marked on the 4. The OOW should frequently verify 5. The purpose of passage planning is to ensure
21 VI. Here are some words and word combinations from the text Give their Russian equivalents.
Wheel over position; turning radius; maximum allowable cross track margin; minimum clearing distances; reporting points; elec tronic position fixing aids; underkeel clearance; allowances for squat; pitch; roll; predicted tidal height; heel; trim.
VII. Say what you as a watchkeeping officer must do when prepar ing a passage plan.
Unit VI. Collision Avoidance
A major and essential part of the OOW's duties is to manage col lision avoidance situations correctly and safely in accordance with internationally agreed rules which form the only basis for common understanding among mariners of all nations. The rules have to be known in detail and their application practised so that when a diffi cult situation arises the correct action can be taken. When a critical situation develops there is no time to consult the rules and there is no guarantee that a VHF call to an unidentified vessel will be un- swered. The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) are divided into five parts and four annexes. Within this the OOW has to decide which strategy to adopt, depending upon the visibility, the type of ships encountered, and the situation of the vessel in traffic separation schemes (TSS) and narrow chan nels. To be able to correctly evaluate the options in a close quarter situation it is imperative for the OOW to know the vessel's position at all times and its proximity to navigational dangers. The vessel should proceed at safe speed and the visibility, traffic density, vessel manoeuvrability, weather conditions, and the limitations of the ra dar and its scale must be taken into consideration. The officer of the watch should use all available means to determine if risk of collision exists. If in doubt - a risk shall be deemed to exist. Every effort must be made to ascertain if a close quarter situation is developing. In
22 addition to any automatic or manual radar plotting any change in radar and compass bearing must be determined by repeated sys tematic observations. The give-way vessel shall, as far as possible, take early and sub stantial actions to keep well clear. The effectiveness of the avoidance action shall be carefully monitored until the other vessel is finally past and clear. When it becomes apparent that a give-way vessel is not taking appropriate avoiding action under the rules the stand-on vessel may take action to avoid the collision by her manoeuvre alone. The use of whistle signals in accordance with the COLREGS is obligatory in situations where a vessel creates uncertainty about her intentions and should, therefore, take priority over attempts to con tact the vessel by other means such as VHF. In restricted visibility the watchkeeping officer shall: - proceed at safe speed adapted to the circumstances of the re stricted visibility: - keep the engines ready for immediate manoeuvre; - post a lookout; - sound fog signals; - inform the master when visibility deteriorates below the limit specified in the master's standing orders; - use all radars; - determine the risks of close quarter situations by plotting and other systematic observation; - be aware of the requirements under rule 19 of the Collision Regulations.
I. Read the text paying attention to the pronunciation of the fol lowing words:
major fmeidso], essential [I'senJ^l], basis ['beisis], common ['котэп], among [э'тлд], detail ['dirteri], guarantee [jgaeran'ti:], uni dentified [jAnai'dentifaid], annex ['aeneks], encounter [in'kaunts], evaluate [iVaeljureit], ascertain ^aes&'tem], observation ^obzaVeij^n], substantial [sab'stasnj^)!], finally ['famsli], appar-
23 ent [a'paersnt], obligatory [ab'lig^tri], priority [prai'nnti], aware [a'wEa]
II. Check that you understand the text answering the questions be- low.
1. What Regulations should the officer of the watch know quite well to manage collision avoidance situations? 2. Why does he have to know the rules in detail? 3. What information must the OOW possess to be able to evaluate correctly the options in a close quarter situation? 4. What factors should be taken into account if a close quarter situation is developing? 5. How long shall the effectiveness of the avoidance action be monitored? 6. In what situations is the use of whistle signals obligatory? 7. What actions should be taken by the OOW to avoid collision situation in restricted visibility?
III. Look through the text and find English equivalents of the fol lowing word combinations:
основная и важная часть; справиться с ситуацией; избежание (опасность) столкновения; неопознанное судно; принять пра вильное решение; плотность движения судов; все имеющиеся в наличии средства; следует приложить все усилия; судно, усту пающее дорогу (при расхождении); судно, которому уступают дорогу (при расхождении); предшествовать попыткам связаться с судном; видимость ухудшается; распоряжения капитана; знать требования; ситуация опасного сближения.
IV. Are the following statements true or false according to the text? Correct any false statement.
1. A most important part of the watchkeeping officer's duty is to cope with collision avoidance situations properly. 2. When a critical situation develops there is always time to consult the appropriate rules.
24 3. It is optional for the OOW to know the vessel's position at all times and its proximity to navigational hazards in order to de cide what to do in a close quarter situation. 4. The officer of the watch should do his best to find out if a close quarter situation is developing. 5. When a give-way vessel is not taking appropriate avoiding ac tion, the stand-on vessel is not allowed to take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone. 6. The use of whistle signals is compulsory in collision avoidance situations. 7. In restricted visibility the watchkeeping officer shall notify the master when visibility decreases below the limit specified in the master's standing orders.
V. Here are some verbs from the text Find the corresponding words in the text and translate the phrases into Russian:
to manage, to consult, to determine, to take, to decide, to evaluate, to determine, to take, to avoid, to contact, to be aware of.
VI. Match the words from the text in the left column with their synonyms in the right column:
1) apparent a) assess 2) aware b) choice 3) circumstances c) clear 4) deteriorate d) closeness 5) essential e) compulsory 6) evaluate f) conditions 7) immediate g) considerable 8) imperative h) cope 9) intention i) knowing 10) manage j) necessary 11) option k) plan 12) proximity 1) urgent 13) substantial m) worsen
25 VII. Here are some word combinations from the text Give their Russian equivalents:
internationally agreed rules; the only basis for common understand ing; the type of ships encountered; manual radar plotting; to take substantial action; to keep well clear; to become apparent; to create uncertainty about intentions; speed adapted to the circumstances; the risks of close quarter situations.
VIII. The first requirement of all trainee watchkeepers is to be able to demonstrate a detailed knowledge ofCOLREGS and an un derstanding of how to apply the rules. Check whether you can answer the following questions concerning the rules.
1. How does the OOW assess the risk of collision? 2. You are the OOW of a powerdriven vessel. Of which vessels must you keep out of the way? 3. What are the dangers of using VHF for collision avoidance?
IX. Say what you as a watchkeeping officer must do when a close quarter situation develops.
Unit VII. Navigation with Pilot on Board
A pilot's presence on board does not relieve the master or OOW from their duties and obligations for the safety of the ship. Upon boarding, the pilot should be handed a completed pilot card with details of drafts and a summary of the vessel's manoeuvring infor mation. When the pilot boards the vessel, the bridge team shall re quire information about the passage plan, expected traffic, rendez vous with tugs, speed reductions and other important information concerning the passage. During pilotage, the OOW is to continu ously monitor that the vessel is proceeding according to the passage plan and to record positions on the chart at frequent intervals. The OOW shall ensure that steering orders and engine movements are executed according to the pilot's orders. The OOW must co-operate closely with the pilot and, if in doubt as to the pilot's actions or intentions, he must immediately seek
26 clarification from the pilot. If doubt still exists, the master should be called and the OOW should take whatever action is necessary. If the pilot is executing course changes on the auto-pilot - the OOW must require the pilot to inform him of any course changes. Before disembarking a pilot the bridge team should obtain in formation from him about the expected traffic situation in the vicin ity of the pilot station and other information relevant to the safe pas sage outward from the pilot station. Before a pilot is to embark or disembark the boarding arrange ments should be prepared in accordance with the pilot's instructions and the requirements of the International Maritime Pilots' Associa tion. Sufficient lee must be ensured during embarkation and disem barkation. The OOW shall check that life buoy with light, heaving line, man-ropes and appropriate lighting are positioned at the pilot ladder. An officer of the watch is to supervise the embarkation and dis embarkation of the pilot.
I. Read the text paying attention to the pronunciation of the fol lowing words:
l rendezvous [rond(e)rvu:]/ frequent ['frirkwont], closely ['klousli], vi cinity [vi'siniti], heaving [!hi:vig], supervise [ls(j)u:p9vaiz]
II. Check that you understand the text answering the questions be low.
1. Is the officer in charge of the watch still responsible for the safety of the ship despite a pilot's presence on board? 2. What information can the pilot require when he boards? 3. How often is the OOW to record positions of the vessel on the chart? 4. What must the OOW do if in doubt as to the pilot's actions or in tentions? 5. What information should be obtained from a pilot before disem barkation? 6. Who is to supervise the embarkation and disembarkation of the pilot?
27 III. Look through the text and find English equivalents of the fol lowing word combinations:
обязанности и обязательства; заполненная лоцманская карточ ка; краткая информация о маневренных характеристиках суд на; место встречи с буксирами; команды на руль; намерения лоцмана; искать разъяснения; информация, имеющая отноше ние к безопасному переходу; приспособление для приема лоц мана; достаточное прикрытие; спасательный круг; бросатель ный конец; фалреп.
IV. Read and say whether these statements are true or false. Correct any false statement.
1. When the pilot boards the vessel, he should be given an update pilot card. 2. During pilotage, the OOW should monitor the progress of the vessel constantly. 3. If the officer in charge of the watch is in doubt of the pilot's ac tions and intentions, he should at once take whatever action is necessary. 4. If the pilot is changing a course on the auto-pilot, the OOW must inform him of any course changes. 5. Boarding arrangements should be fitted in accordance with the requirements of the International Maritime Pilots' Association. 6. No lee must be ensured during embarkation and disembarka tion. 7. The pilot's embarkation and disembarkation must be supervised by the OOW.
V. Complete the sentences with the words from the text
1. A pilot's presence on board does not ... the OOW from his du ties. 2. When the pilot boards the vessel, the bridge team shall require information about the ... with tugs. 3. The OOW must co-operate ... with the pilot.
28 4. When in doubt as to the pilot's intentions, he must at once seek ... from the pilot. 5. Before disembarking a pilot the bridge team should ... informa tion relevant to the safe passage. 6. Sufficient ... must be ensured during embarkation and disem barkation. 7. Man-ropes and ... lighting are positioned at the pilot ladder.
VI. Give Russian equivalents of the word combinations from the text:
duties and obligations; a completed pilot card; a summary of the vessel's manoeuvring information; rendezvous with tugs; speed re ductions; to record positions on the chart; to execute steering orders; to co-operate closely; if in doubt; to seek clarification from the pilot; to obtain information relevant to the safe passage; boarding ar rangements; sufficient lee; life buoy; heaving line; man-ropes; to su pervise the embarkation and disembarkation of the pilot.
VII. Check whether you can answer the questions concerning watchkeeping in pilotage waters.
1. What maim items must be updated on the pilot card? 2. You are alone on the bridge with the pilot and you notice a course alteration which you do not think is correct. What are you going to do? 3. Who should be in attendance when a pilot is on the ladder, and why? 4. What safety equipment must be provided at the pilot ladder?
VIII. Prepare a short talk on watchkeeping in pilotage waters.
29 Unit VIII. Watchkeeping at Anchor
On anchoring, a fix on the anchor drop position should be made and the ship's swinging circle ascertained, based upon the length of cable in use. Landmarks and transits should be selected for ease of monitoring the position of the ship as she lies at anchor. The OOW must ensure that appropriate light and shape signals are exhibited according to the COLREGS and any local regulations. If the OOW suspects that a collision might happen he should sound at least 5 short and rapid blasts on the whistle, flash the Aldis and call an offi cer to go forward urgently to pay out more cable. While at anchor, the OOW should maintain a check on the ship's position to monitor that the ship does not drag her anchor or move too close to any other anchored ship. Anchor bearings should be checked at least every hour and more frequently in conditions of strong currents, wind and waves. Often the ship will be waiting for orders or working cargo. At tentive monitoring of the VHF or Satellite Communications (Sat- Comms) will be required. A proper lookout must be maintained and ship inspection rounds periodically made, particularly if the ship is anchored in wa ters which might present a risk of attack by pirates or armed rob bers. In many places piracy and illicit boarding is a major problem. The monitoring of all approaching craft and a vigilant inspection of the ship's side is the primary protection the ship has against this threat. Precautions for securing the accommodation should be taken. If unauthorised persons are seen boarding it is suggested that the OOW sounds the general alarm, blows the whistle and takes precau tions to lock out the boarders. The OOW should immediately notify the master if the ship drags her anchor, and if sea conditions or visibility deteriorates.
I. Read the text paying attention to the pronunciation of the fol lowing words:
transit ['transit], urgently ['ards^ntli], satellite ['saet(i)lait], present [pn'zent], pirate [,pai(9)r9t], illicit [I'lisit], vigilant ['variant], threat
30 [8ret], precaution [pri:'ko:j(3)n], accommodation [s^Dma'deiJ^n], unauthorised [An'o:99raizd]
II. Check that you understand the text answering the questions be low.
1. What should the OOW take into consideration when ascertain ing the ship's swinging circle? 2. In accordance with what regulations should appropriate light and shape signals be exhibited when at anchor? 3. How many blasts on the whistle should the OOW sound if he suspects that a collision might happen? 4. How often should the anchor bearings be checked? 5. What is a major problem in many places? 6. What must the OOW do if any unauthorised person is seen boarding the ship? 7. When should the OOW notify the master immediately?
III. Look through the text and find English equivalents of the fol lowing word combinations and phrases:
определить место якорной стоянки; круг циркуляции судна, стоящего на якоре; выбрать береговые знаки и створы; выста вить соответствующие огни и фигуры; предполагать возмож ность столкновения; подавать короткие и быстрые сигналы гуд ком; подавать световой сигнал переносным фонарем; травить якорную цепь; якорь ползет; спутниковая связь; вести надле жащее наблюдение; совершать обход судна; угроза нападения пиратов или вооруженных грабителей; незаконное проникно вение на судно; серьезная проблема; бдительный осмотр; при нимать меры предосторожности для охраны жилых помеще ний; посторонние лица; подать сигнал общей судовой тревоги; подать сигнал гудком; запереть двери и не пускать проникших на судно людей.
31 TV. Are the following statements true or false according to the text? Correct any false statement.
l.On anchoring, the ship's swinging circle should be ascertained, based on the quality of the bottom. 2. Conspicuous coastal objects and transits should be chosen for ease of monitoring the ship's position as she lies at anchor. 3. The OOW must ensure that necessary light and shape signals are exhibited in accordance with the SOLAS and any local regula tions. 4. If the OOW thinks that a collision might follow, he should sound a definite number of blasts on the whistle, flash the Aldis lamp and call a deck officer to go forward immediately to pay out more cable. 5. Anchor bearings should be checked at least once an hour. 6. Ship inspection rounds must be periodically made, especially if the ship is at anchor in waters which might be dangerous be cause of pirates and armed robbers. 7. If authorised persons are seen boarding it is suggested that the OOW sounds the general alarm
V. Here are the verbs from the text. Tind the corresponding nouns in the text and translate the phrases into Russian:
to ascertain, to select, to exhibit, to sound, to flash, to pay out, to maintain, to drag, to check, to require, to make, to present, to take, to see, to blow, to lock out, to notify, to deteriorate.
VI. Decipher the following abbreviations and give their Russian equivalents.
COLREGS, OOW, SatComms, SOLAS, VHF.
32 VII. Match the words from the text in the left column with their definitions in the right column:
I) to ascertain a) against a law or a rule 2)£ix b) to give out a sudden bright light 3) to ensure c) to guarantee 4) to suspect d) finding a position by taking bearings 5) flash e) to find out in order to be certain about 6) monitoring f) to have an idea or feeling (concerning the 7) illicit possibility of something) 8) major g) illegal 9) vigilant h) to keep somebody outside, prevent him from entering, by locking all the doors on 10) accommodation the inside II) unauthorised i) a person who gets on or into a ship with 12) boarder somebody 13) to lock out j) a place to live k) of greater importance than others 1) watching, listening or examining some thing m) watchful
VIII. Complete the sentences with the words and word combina tions from the text and translate them into Russian.
1. On anchoring the ship's ... should be ascertained, based upon the length of cable in use. 2. Landmarks and ... should be selected for ease of monitoring the position of the ship as she lies at anchor. 3. If the OOW feels that a collision might happen he should flash the .... 4. Attentive monitoring of the VHF or ... will be required. 5. Ship inspection rounds must be periodically made, particularly in waters which might... a risk of attack by ... or ... .
33 6. In many places piracy and ... boarding is a ... problem. 7. The ... of all approaching craft and a ... inspection of the ship's side is the ... protection the ship has against this .... 8. If ... persons are seen boarding it is suggested that the OOW sounds the ... alarm. 9. The OOW should immediately ... the master if the ship ... her anchor.
IX. Here are some word combinations from the text Give their Rus sian equivalents:
a fix on the anchor drop position; the ship's swinging circle; to se lect landmarks and transits; to sound short and rapid blasts on the whistle, to flash the Aldis; to pay out more cable; to drag her anchor; too close; to maintain a proper lookout; to make ship inspection rounds; to present a risk; illicit boarding; a major problem; a vigilant inspection; to take precautions for securing the accommodation, un authorised persons; to sound the general alarm; to blow the whistle; to lock out the boarders; to notify the master.
X. List the duties of the OOW at anchor, as laid down in the Inter national Convention STCW 95 Chapter VIII (See Article 27 in Annex 2.).
XI. Prepare a short talk on watchkeeping at anchor.
Unit IX. Taking over the Watch
The ship is operational throughout the day and night and the Master therefore has to lay down procedures to be followed to en sure continuity of operation when the watch changes. The Master will require to be informed of progress and his in structions are recorded in the Night Order book, annotation on the chart or passed on verbally during the day. If the OOW receives verbal instructions to call the Master at a given time, which may go over into another officer's watch, it is
34 good practice to make a note of the call time at the appropriate posi tion on the track on the chart to remind the next OOW. So many accidents have occurred during the change of a watch because of talking in the wheelhouse, failure to check the course, and failure to look out and establish any collision risk, that the In ternational Convention STCW 95 states: - "The relieving officer shall ensure that the members of the relieving watch are fully capable of performing their duties, particularly as regards their adjustment to night vision. Relieving officers shall not take over the watch until their vision is fully adjusted to the light conditions. Prior to taking over the watch, relieving officers shall satisfy themselves as to the shipxs estimated or true position and confirm its intended track, course and speed, and UMS controls as appropriate and shall note any dangers to navigation expected to be encountered during their watch. Relieving officers shall personally satisfy themselves regarding the: 1) standing orders and other special instructions of the master relating to navigation of the ship; 2) position, course speed and draught of the ship; 3) prevailing and predicted tides, currents, weather, visibility and the effect of these factors upon course and speed; 4) procedures for the use of main engines to manoeuvre when the main, engines are on bridge control; and 5) navigational situation, including but no limited to: 5.1 the operational condition of all navigational and safety equip- ment being used or likely to be used during the watch; 5.2 the errors of gyro- and magnetic compasses; 5.3 the presence and movement of ships in sight or known to be in the vicinity; 5.4 the conditions and hazards likely to be encountered during the watch, and 5.5 the possible effects of heel, trim, water density and squat on un- der-keel clearance. If at the time the officer of the watch is to be relieved when a manoeuvre or other action to avoid any hazard is taking place, the relief of the officer should be deferred until such action has been completed." Once the relieving officer has stated "I now have the watch" the watchkeeper coming off watch should then make sure that all the log book entries are complete, there is an accurate position or a dead
35 reckoning position on the chart and that the course boards are writ ten up. The relieved officer should ensure that fire and security rounds of the ship are carried out to inspect for fire or anything unsafe like loose cargo on deck, equipment not stored away, deadlights that are not closed at night and anything unusual which might require atten tion.
I Read the text paying attention to the pronunciation of the fol lowing words:
occur [э'кэ:], throughout [Orui'aut], procedure [ргэ'вЫзэ], annota tion [.aend'teij^n], appropriate [a'praupmt], prior ['ргаю], particu larly [pa'tikju.bli], gyro [^заюгэи], hazard ['haezad], squat [skwnt], defer [di'fa:], accurate ['aekjarat], reckoning ['rekamrj], loose [lu:s].
II. Check that you understand the text answering the questions be low.
1. What should the master do to ensure continuity of the ship's operation when the watch changes? 2. Why have so many accidents occurred during the change of a watch? 3. In what case must relieving officer not take over the watch? 4. When must relieving officers satisfy themselves as to the ship's position and confirm its intended track, course and speed before or after taking over the watch? 5. When should relieving officers personally satisfy themselves re garding the procedures for the use of main engines to manoeu vre? 6. What does the navigational situation include? 7. At what time must a relief of an officer in charge of a naviga tional watch be deferred? 8. What should the watchkeeper coming off watch do once the re lieving officer has stated "I now have the watch"? 9. What should the relieved officer ensure?
36 III. Look through the text and find English equivalents of the fol lowing word combinations:
указать порядок действий, который следует соблюдать; журнал ночных распоряжений капитана; примечания на карте; устные инструкции; напомнить следующему вахтенному помощнику; невыполнение исправления курса; заступающий на вахту по мощник; быть способным выполнять полностью свои обязан ности; адаптация к условиям ночного наблюдения; до приня тия вахты; счислимое или истинное местоположение судна; подтвердить его проложенный путь; органы управления двига телем при безвахтенном обслуживании машинного отделения; преобладающие и предвычисленные приливы; рабочее состоя ние всего навигационного оборудования; опасности, которые могут встретиться в течение вахты; увеличение осадки кормой на ходу; запас воды под килем; отложить сдачу вахты; вахту принял; счислимое место; выставить курс; проводить обходы судна; непакетированный груз; глухой световой люк.
IV. Are the following statements true or false according to the text? Correct any false statement
1. If the OOW has oral instructions to call the Master at a given time, it is not very good practice to make a note of the call time on the chart. 2. A relieving officer shall ensure that the members of the watch are capable of performing their duties. 3. Before taking over the watch the relieving officers shall confirm the ship's intended track, course and speed. 4. After taking over the watch relieving officers shall satisfy them selves as to the ship's estimated or true position. 5. Relieving officers shall take over the watch when their vision is adjusted to the light conditions. 6. An officer in charge of a navigational watch is to be relieved when a manoeuvre or other action to avoid any danger is taking place.
37 7. Once the relieving officer has stated "You now have the watch" he should then make sure that all the log book entries are com plete.
V. Match the words from the text in the left column with their defi nitions in the right column:
1) to adjust a) act of adjusting b) the angle of longitudinal slope of 2) adjustment the ship caused by the difference 3) capable of between fore and aft drafts c) to become sure 4) to defer d) before 5) to encounter e) danger 6) to ensure f) difference between the vertical positions of a vessel moving and 7) hazard stopped 8) heel g) to do something one is ordered or 9) intended track promised to do h) directions or written instructions 10) the latter kept in force 11) likely i) especially 12) particularly j) to find oneself faced by danger, etc. 13) to perform k) having ability 14) prior to 1) inclination of a ship caused by ex 15) to satisfy oneself ternal forces m)to make sure, to guarantee 16) standing orders n) to make suitable or convenient for 17) squat use 18) trim o) minimum depth below the keel p) planned route 19) UMS (unattended ma q) to put off to a later time chinery space) controls r) probably 20) under keel clearance s) the second of two persons already mentioned t) when engine room is on bridge control
38 VI. Complete the sentences with the words from the text.
1. The Master instructioiis are passed on... during the day. 2. The relieving officer shall ensure that the members of the reliev ing watch are fully capable of ... their duties. 3 to taking over the watch, relieving officers shall... themselves as to the ship's estimated or true position. 4. ,The ... of the officer should be ... until a manoeuvre has been completed. 5. The watchkeeper coming off watch should make sure that the ... are written up. 6. The relieving officer shall personally satisfy himself regarding ... and... tides. 7. The relieving officer shall note any dangers to navigation ex pected to be ... during the watch.
VII. Here are some word combinations from the text Give their Russian equivalents:
to lay down procedures to be followed; Night Order book; annota tion on the chart; verbal instructions; to remind the next OOW; the relieving officer; to be fully capable of performing their duties; ad justment to night vision; prior to taking over the watch; the ship's estimated or true position; to confirm its intended track; UMS con trols; prevailing and predicted tides; operational condition of all navigational equipment; hazards likely to be encountered during the watch; squat; to defer the relief; "I now have the watch"; a dead reckoning position; to write up the course boards; to carry out rounds of the ship; loose cargo; deadlights.
VIII. Check whether you can answer the questions concerning the procedure of taking over the watch.
1. What conditions must be satisfied by the OOW before taking over a bridge watch? 2. As the relieving OOW, there is an instruction in the bridge or ders you do not fully understand. What should you do?
39 3. As the relieving OOW should you sign the Master's bridge or ders before fully understanding the instructions? 4. At the time of relief, a bridge manoeuvre is taking place. What is the action of the relieving officer in these circumstances?
IX. Be ready to speak on actions of the relieving officer when tak ing over the watch.
Test I
I. Read an extract from Bridge Instructions. 14 words are missing. Choose the correct ones from the list below.
The l should not 2 the watch if a) adjust there is any reason to believe that the relieving b) appropriate officer is 3 or temporarily unable to 4 c) assume his duties effectively. d) bridge Before taking over the watch, the 5 of ficer must 6 himself that the ship's position e) carry out is correct and that the 7 track, course and f) hand over speed are 8 . g) hazard The relieving watch must arrive on the h) intended 9 in time so as their eyes have time to i) manoeuvring 10 to night vision before they 11 re- j) relieving sponsibility for the watch. The handing over of the 12 for the k) responsibility watch should be done at a time when the ves 1) OOW sel is not involved in 13 or taking action to m) satisfy avoid a 14 . n) unfit
II. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right:
1) to appraise a) (of persons) organized and able to perform 2) to comply duties well 3) efficient b) to carry out what one is asked or told to do 4) to execute c) of greater importance than others
40 5) failure d) to act in accordance with a request, com- 6) heel mand, etc. 7) major e) breakdown of machinery, etc. f) to state an opinion of or to judge how good, valuable, etc. somebody or something is g) inclination of a ship caused by an internal force, e. g. wind
III. Give synonyms for the words in column A choosing them from column B:
Column A Column В 1) to deteriorate a) action 2) hazard b) to correct 3) imperative c) closeness 4) likely d) to worsen 5) procedure e) compulsory 6) proximity f) probably 7) to update g) danger
IV. Choose the correct translation of the following words and word combinations:
1) to assume responsibility a) глубина под килем 2) debris b) место встречи 3) to defer the relief c) дифферент 4) loose cargo d) непакетированный груз 5) to meet the requirements e) обломки 6) override function f) отложить передачу вахты 7) rendezvous g) принять на себя ответственность 8) trim h) соответствовать требованиям 9) underkeel clearance i) функция отмены
V. Write what these abbreviations mean.
ISM, SOLAS, OOW, STCW, GMDSS, TSS, SatComms.
41 VI. Give a detailed answer to the following question.
When would you call the Master, out of sight of land?
Test II
I. Read an extract from Bridge Instructions. 14 words are missing. Choose the correct ones from the list below.
When at anchor the OOW needs to l a) consider the condition of the 2 ground, weather b) detect and 3 conditions as well as traffic 4 . c) deteriorates On anchoring, the position and 5 circle d) determined should be 6 . To 7 dragging, the ves e) dragging sel's position should be checked 8 by dif f) flow ferent methods (visual bearings, radar bearing g) frequently and distance). Distances to 9 vessels and h) holding navigational dangers should be ю . If the i) lowering weather 11 or there is a risk of 12 , in j) manoeuvre form the master and make the engines ready k) recorded for 13 . If necessary, consider 14 a sec 1) surrounding ond anchor. m) swing n)tidal
II. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right:
1) to deteriorate a) leading in time, order or development 2) to encounter b) to make or become worse (in quality) c) to find oneself faced by danger, difficulties, 3) illicit etc. 4) impediment d) unlawful, forbidden 5) to perform e) to do a piece of work, something one is or 6) primary dered or has promised to do 7) squat f) something that hinders, obstacle g) the bodily sinkage of a ship in the water when making headway
42 III. Give synonyms for the words in column A choosing them from column B:
Column A Column В 1) circumstances a) to assess 2) to defer b) before 3) to evaluate c) conditions 4) heel d) especially 5) particularly e) list 6) prior to f) to put off 7) reinforcement g) support
IV. Choose the correct translation of the following words and word combinations:
1) audible b) вызывать на мостик 2) closed loop communication c) звуковой 3) manning level d) искать разъяснения 4) primary responsibility e) обратная связь 5) to seek clarification f) основная обязанность 6) to summon to the bridge g) радиус циркуляции 7) squat h) увеличение осадки кормой 8) turning circle на ходу 9) verbal instructions i) устное распоряжение j) численность личного состава
V. Write what these abbreviations mean.
IMO, SMS, GPS, COLREGS, VHF, UMS, SatComms.
VI. Give a detailed answer to the following question.
When would you instruct a lookout to assist you on the bridge?
43 Part II. Watch Officerfs Duties when in Port and at Sea
Unit I. PSC Deck Inspections
Port States have had the right to check that visiting foreign ships met the required international safety and pollution prevention stan dards for many years. Over the last twenty years or so port states have developed regional agreements with a view to improve the implementation of Port State control. The Russian Federation par ticipates as a member of both the Paris Memorandum of Under standing (MOU) and the Asia-Pacific or Tokyo MOU. In November 1995, IMO adopted resolution A.787(19) - Proce dures for Port State control. The procedures are intended to provide basic guidance on how port state control (PSC) inspections should be conducted and how to identify deficiencies in a ship, its equip ment, or its crew, with the purpose of ensuring that convention con trol provisions are consistently applied across the world from port to port. PSC inspections provide a check on the condition of the ship and its equipment additional to its statutory and classification surveys held annually. Inspections can identify substandard ships and de tain them until any safety or marine environment-related defects, whether operational or structural, are rectified. The OOW may be called upon to assist with surveys or inspec tions conducted on arrival. Here his good command of English, pro fessional knowledge and practical abilities are of great importance. During the period of peak work load soon after berthing, several authorities may require the assistance of a ship's officer. The Chief Officer may ask the OOW to assist him by accompanying a surveyor around the ship. The OOW should ensure that he receives a briefing on the particular requirements of the surveyor, and that he has suf ficient knowledge to assist properly with the survey. The following surveys regularly take place in port: • Loadline. • Safety equipment • Safety construction. • Safety radio. • Deratting or deratting exemption.
44 • MARPOL/IOPP. • Classification society (continuous or special survey). • PortState. • Flag State annual inspections. • Charterers (condition). • P&I Club (condition). • Life raft, SCBA bottles, CO2 bottles, fire-fighting equipment, etc. The OOW should be able to direct the surveyor to the appropri ate officer. In addition, he may be involved in accompanying the surveyor around the ship, and in assisting him with the locating and testing of equipment. All surveyors should be treated courte ously, and it should be remembered that first impressions count for so much. The OOW should ask the Chief Officer beforehand what is re quired for each survey, and what will be his involvement. Some or ganisations, such as Lloyd's Register, issue checklists to assist the officers in their preparations for surveys. On a well managed ship, the junior officer will be informed well in advance of those surveys which directly concern his areas of re sponsibility on board, and hopefully he will have fully prepared all the items for survey. An officer who is well informed and able to display a good working knowledge of his subject to a surveyor will greatly assist in the speedy and favourable conclusion to the survey. At present, PSC inspection is extensively carried out on ships that haven!t been inspected in the last six months. Though the in spection authorities have their own characteristics respectively, their common interest is the life-saving apparatus, the fire-fighting equipment and system, the watertight devices and system, and the emergency equipment. Among them, USCG lays special emphasis on the oil pollution preventing equipment, crew's capability (espe cially that in fire-fighting and life-saving activities); AMSA (Austra lian Marine Safety Authority) gives much thought to the structure deficiency, such as structure corrosion, crack and leakage; members of Paris MOU pay great attention to the safety equipment and the cleanness and good condition of the working places (Holland in particular) and oil pollution preventing equipment and system (Germany as the outstanding one); member states of Tokyo MOU usually focus on life-saving and fire-fighting equipment, but they
45 are rather particular in their work and can often find many minor deficiencies. PSC inspections provide a check on the condition of the ship and its equipment additional to its annually held statutory and classifi cation surveys.
I. Read the text. The following words and word combinations will help you to understand it better:
port state control контроль государством порта to meet standards соответствовать стандартам with a view с целью; с тем, чтобы ... deficiency недостаток consistently последовательно annual survey ежегодное освидетельствование statutory survey установленное законом инспек тирование classification survey освидетельствование на класс ре гистра to hold surveys проводить инспектирование substandard ship субстандартное судно to detain задерживать to rectify defects устранять недостатки to receive a briefing получить инструкцию exemption освобождение IOPP (International Oil Pollu международное свидетельство по tion Prevention certificate) предотвращению загрязнения нефтью P&I (Protection and Indem клуб взаимного страхования nity) Club SCBA (self-contained breath баллон автономного дыхательно ing apparatus) bottle го аппарата to involve вовлекать, привлекать к участию involvement зд. участие to treat courteously обращаться вежливо, учтиво
46 conclusion окончание, завершение watertight водонепроницаемый USCG (United States Coast береговая охрана Соединенных Guard) Штатов to lay special emphasis on придавать особое значение to give much thought to много размышлять о ... to concern касаться, затрагивать crack трещина to focus on сосредоточивать minor незначительный
II. Check that you understand the text answering the questions.
1. What do Port States check? 2. Why have port state regional agreements been developed? 3. Does our country participate in the work of any MOU? 4. What do the Procedures for Port State control provide? 5. What are PSC inspections carried out for? 6. May the OOW assist with surveys and inspections? 7. What surveys usually take place in ports? 8. How should all surveyors be treated? 9. What should the OOW know before any surveys start? 10. What ships are usually inspected? 11. What is the common interest of the inspection authorities? 12. What do the member states of Tokyo MOU pay great attention to?
Dialogue 1 Bridge Inspection PSCO: May I see your captain, officer? W.O.: Excuse me, sir, but what for? PSCO: You see, I am an inspector of Port States Control and it is my duty to inspect the ships in our port according to IMO Resolution A. 787 (!•).
47 W.O.: I see. Will you wait a minute? I'll ring up my master to warn him .... Well, inspector, Master invites you to his cabin. Shall I show you the way? PSCO: Thanks. No need. Гт not a stranger on the ships of this type. (Some minutes later) PSCO: May 1 come in, master? Capt.: Of course. Good morning, inspector. Glad to see you. If you remember we have met before. PSCO: Morning, master. Pleased to see you again. Capt.: Well, my watch officer reported to me you were going to make inspection of my ship. a PSCO: Yes, master. According to IMO Resolution A. 787 (1 ) we are to inspect all incoming vessels. Capt: All right, sir. I'll call for my watch officer to help you. PSCO: Thank you, captain.... (on the bridge) PSCO: First of all, I'd like to have a look at your charts and nau tical publications. ! OOW: Гт ready, sir. Let s go to the chart room. PSCO: You use Admiralty Charts, don't you? OOW: Yes, sir. I have corrected all the charts according to the latest Notices to Mariners. PSCO: Have you got the latest navigational warnings? OOW: Yes. All such warnings are kept in this file. The agent sent us all local Notices to Mariners after we got along side. I've made corrections accordingly. PSCO: What navigation publications do you have on board? OOW: All publications required by the SOLAS, such as Tidal Tables, Sailing directions, sea-charts, Notices to Mariners and so on. PSCO: Are Sailing directions of the latest editions? OOW: Yes. All the relevant nautical publications are on this shelf. Here they are. PSCO: Well, Officer, you speak quite good English. What about the rest of your ship officers? Can they all speak English like you?
48 OOW: Yes, sir. All our officers have no problems in simple communication. PSCO: By the way, do all of your deck officers hold GMDSS cer tificates? OOW: Yes, sir. Shall I show them to you? PSCO: Oh, no, you needn!t. OK, now I want to check the mag netic compass. Do you adjust it regularly? OOW: Yes, we do. The Deviation table is posted in the chart- room. PSCO: Well, but the table is out of date. You ought to adjust the compass and correct the deviation as soon as possible. OOW: Yes, sir, I'll do it immediately after the inspection. PSCO: That's good. How about the radar? The objects can be displayed clearly within the definite range. But the start ing up of the radar exceeds the time limit. Please note. OOW: Yes. I see. PSCO: Are all the people concerned familiar with the operation of these navigational instruments? OOW: Of course. Besides, we have put operating instructions both in English and in Russian close to the equipment. PSCO: Nice. That's all for the inspection here. We'll go and check your fire-fighting equipment next. OOW: Well, follow me, please.
Dialogue 2 Inspection of the Fire-fighting Equipment PSCO: Officer, where do you keep your fire control plans? OOW: They are posted in the corridor on every door. PSCO: That's good. The marks and symbols are correctly placed according to SOLAS Convention. But the words on the plans are not clear enough. Please make one more copy of it. OOW: OK. I've noted it down. PSCO: What is the type of those fire extinguishers in the corri dor? OOW: Foam. They are of foam type. PSCO: All right. How do your automatic fire doors work?
49 OOW: Fire doors can be closed in two ways. If the fire alarm sounds, the doors will close automatically. And we can also close them by pressing the buttons near the doors. PSCO: Yes, I see. Your fire-fighting pipes and valves appear in good condition. Where are your fire hoses? OOW: Over there. They are checked at regular intervals. PSCO: I think so, judging from their conditions. What type is your fixed fire-fighting system?
OOW: It's the C02. PSCO: How is it controlled? OOW: It's controlled from the fire control station. And the CO2 can be released out to the engine room, cargo holds and other places where fire occurs. PSCO: Good. Would you please show me your weighing re cords of the CO2 extinguishers? OOW: Here you are, sir. PSCO: It's 6.5 kg. But it should be 7.7 kg. OOW: Yes. We intend to recharge them when the liquid content weighs 10 % less. By the way, can we have them re charged here? PSCO: Yes. Your agent can arrange it for you. How many sets of fireman's outfit do you have on board? Where do you keep them? OOW: We've got 10 sets on board. They are kept in a special room easy of access. Well, come and I'll show you. (In a minute) Look, the breathing apparatus, personal protec tive clothing, boots, gloves, helmet, safety lamps, axes and life line ... PSCO: Do you often exercise on the outfit donning? OOW: We do it every time we have the fire drills. PSCO: How long does it take to put them on? OOW: About 2 and a half minutes on average. PSCO: Not bad. Where is your Muster List? OOW: The original one is in the chart room, and its copies are in all the conspicuous places. PSCO: Good. Everybody's task in case of emergency is clearly shown on it. When was your last fire drill? OOW: Two months ago.
50 PSCO: But the fibre drill should be carried out once a month un der normal condition. I suggest the drill be performed on board now, in my presence. OOW: OK. I'll report it to the Captain.
Dialogue 3 Inspection of Life-saving Appliances PSCO: Now let's inspect the life-saving equipment on the bridge. How тешу lifebuoys are there on both sides of the bridge? OOW: 2 lifebuoys are provided with self-igniting lights and smoke signals. PSCO: Look, the smoke signals of the lifebuoys expired, two weeks ago. OOW: Yes, we've already ordered 2 new ones. They are said to be sent on board before 6 this evening. PSCO: I see. What is the weight of the lifeboats? OOW: These two, 4 kg each; the others: 2.5 kg each. You can throw them down by just pulling out the pins. PSCO: Is that a line-throwing apparatus? OOW: Yes, sir. It's a pistol with four rockets and lines. PSCO: When will it run out? OOW: Pardon? PSCO: When will it expire? OOW: Oh, sorry. They are valid till January this year. We have got 12 parachute red rockets. And they are valid before February next year. PSCO: How many life jackets have you got on board? OOW: 28 all in all, with 3 in reserve. They are all fitted with whistle, lights and retro-reflective tapes. PSCO: According to the Convention life rafts shall be examined once a year. In that case, you should check out yours next month, particularly the hydrostatic release device. OOW: OK, let me also note it down not to forget. PSCO: Now we'll go and check the lifeboat equipment. Every thing appears rather satisfactory the name, port of regis try, boat number, retro-reflective tapes, bilge righting
51 rails, becketed lines, lifeboat davits and the moving parts. Yes, nothing seems wrong. Let's come into the boat and have a look, Officer. OOW: All right. Biscuits, drinking water, first-aid kits and the smoke signals are all here. PSCO: I'm afraid the water needs renewing. OOW: We'll renew it as soon as the inspection is over. PSCO: Where are your EPIRBs and SARTs? OOW: They are fixed in a place close to the bridge. PSCO: Have you checked their batteries? Are they functioning well? OOW: We checked them 2 days ago. Yes, they're functioning all right, with sufficient batteries. PSCO: OK. So far, so good, except those we've already pointed out. The inspection is over. Thank you for your co operation. OOW: My pleasure.
I. Read the dialogues in pairs paying attention to the given words and word combinations.
Dialogue 1
file папка relevant соответствуюпщй the rest of остальные, другие GMDSS (Global Marine ГМССБ (Глобальная морская систе Distress and Safety System) ма связи при бедствии) to adjust compass выверять компас Deviation Table таблица девиации out of date устарелый within the range в пределах дальности действия РЛС all the people concerned помощники капитана to be familiar with smth хорошо знать что-либо
52 Dialogue 2 fire control plan план эвакуации при пожаре, план действий при пожарной тревоге to note down записать foam пена to appear казаться, производить впечатление to judge судить to occur случаться, происходить to recharge перезаряжать fireman's outfit снаряжение/экипировка пожарного easy of access доступный glove перчатка helmet каска safety lamp взрывобезопасный фонарь axe топор lifeline спасательный конец outfit donning надевание снаряжения fire drill учебная пожарная тревога on average в среднем muster list расписание по тревогам conspicuous зд. видный to suggest предполагать
Dialogue 3
lifebuoy with self-igniting спасательный круг с автоматически light smoke signal зажигающимся огнем и дымовым сигналом line-throwing apparatus линемет to run out, to expire истекать, заканчиваться pistol ракетница valid действительный retro-reflective tape светоотражающая лента
53 hydrostatic release device гидростатическое спусковое устрой ство bilge righting rail скуловой киль-поручень (спасатель ной шлюпки) becketed line спасательный леер lifeboat davit шлюпбалка first-aid kit аптечка первой помощи EPIRB (Emergency Position аварийный радиобуй Indicating Radio Beacon) SART (Search and Rescue радиолокационный маяк-ответчик Transponder) so far, so good пока все хорошо
II. Look through the dialogues and be ready to answer the ques tions.
Dialogue 1 1. Under what regulations is an inspector of PSC entitled to inspect all vessels? 2. What did the OOW use when correcting the charts? 3. When did the agent supply the vessel with the latest Notices to Mariners? 4. What nautical publications are available aboard the vessel? 5. Are all the officers aboard the vessel good at English? 6. Are all of them holders of GMDSS certificates? 7. What bridge equipment did the inspector check? 8. Did he make any remarks? What are they? 9. Can all the deck officers operate the navigational instruments? 10. What did the PSCO want to inspect next?
Dialogue 2 1. Where are the vessel's fire control plans placed? 2. What didn't the inspector like on the plans? 3. What is the type of extinguishers in the corridor of the vessel? 4. How can fire doors aboard the vessel be closed?
54 5. What fire-fighting equipment on the vessel appears to be in good condition? 6. How is vessel's fixed fire-fighting system controlled? 7. When does the OOW plan to recharge the CO2 extinguishers? 8. Can they have the extinguishers recharged in the port? 9. Where are the fireman's outfit kept on board vessel? 10. How long does it take the crew members to put the outfit on? 11. Why do you think the PSCO suggests the fire drill be performed in his presence?
Dialogue 3 11. What remark did the inspector make about the lifebuoys? 12. Will the new lifebuoys be brought on board before the vessel's departure? 13. What is the validity of 12 parachute red rockets? 14. How many spare life jackets have they got aboard? 15. What are the life jackets fitted with? 16. What did the inspector advise the watch officer to examine next month? 17. How did the PSCO find the lifeboat equipment? 18. What required renewing? 19. Did the port state control officer have any faults to find with the vessel's EPIRBs and SARTs? 20. When did the OOW check their batteries?
Ill Find in the dialogues English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:
Dialogue 1 Вас проводить?; все входящие суда; я бы хотел посмотреть; со гласно последним извещениям мореплавателям; хранить в пап ке; провести корректуру; таблица приливов; другие офицеры судна; иметь диплом оператора ГМССБ; выверять компас; таб лица девиации; таблица устарела; превышать лимит времени; знать, как работать с навигационными приборами; инструкции по эксплуатации; следуйте за мной.
55 Dialogue 2 слова недостаточно четкие; пенный огаетушителъ; противопо жарные двери; пожарный рукав; судя по их состоянию; стацио нарная система пожаротушения; записи взвешивания; переза рядить огнетушитель; комплект экипировки пожарного; дыха тельный аппарат; спасательный конец; надевание снаряжения; в среднем; на видном месте; проводить учебную пожарную тре вогу.
Dialogue 3 спасательные средства; спасательный круг с автоматически за жигающимся огнем и дымовым сигналом; просто выдергивая штырь (стопорное устройство); линемет; ракетница; всего; в за пасе; светоотражающая лента; проверить гидростатическое спусковое устройство; скуловой киль-поручень; спасательный леер; шлюпбалки; все кажется вполне удовлетворительным; ка жется все хорошо; питьевая вода; аптечка первой помощи; пока все хорошо.
IV. Work in pairs. Match the Port State Control officer's questions with the OOW's possible answers. One of you is a PSCO, the other is an officer of the watch. Change your parts.
1. Is your vessel provided with the in Here it is. ternational pilot ladder/ a special fi Here they are. bre-rope net stretched under the gangway? Here you are. 2. What about the LSA/the gyro com It accommodates 40/20 pass/the bridge equipment/the persons. steering gear/the fire control plans? It's in good/sound 3. What colour are your life-buoys? order/ condition. 4. What scale is your radar tuned on? 5. What is the gyro compass error? It's 1,5/2 degrees plus. 6. Why did the railings bend on the 1,5/3/6/12 miles. main deck? Certainly, sir. 7. How many lifeboats/lifebuoys are there on board? Certainly, they are.
56 8. How many persons can each The ship sustained boat/raft accommode? some damage. 9. How many lifeboats/life rafts They are kept in the can/ does your ship carry? weather-tight boxes 10. How many radars is your ship fitted marked Fire Control with? Plan. 11. Are the lifebuoys marked in block letters? They are orange. 12. Are all required nautical publications With two. One is available on board? ARPA, the other is ra 13. Do you have reliable communication dar with plotting fa with your engine? cilities. 14. Do all your deck officers hold Yes, we have it/them GMDSS certificates? aboard our ship. 15. Can your men repair the railings on the main deck? You are right, sir. 16. Can I check radars? Yes, sir. 17. Can you/ all the officers operate the Yes, here they are on navigational equipment properly? the shelf. 18. Can I see/you show me your over haul certificate of the inflatable life Yes, I/they can. rafts? You may check it.
N.B. ARPA - Automatic Radar Plotting Aids - автоматическое радиолокационное устройство для обеспечения прокладки (курса).
V. Below you can find the questions asked by port state control of- ficers during their inspections to junior deck officers. Look through them carefully and be ready to answer.
1. How do you maintain charts and publications? 2. Are all folios corrected to latest Notice to Mariners? 3. Where do you keep all required publications on bridge? 4. When do you check your navigational lights? 5. Do you get any alarm on failure of navigation light? 6. Do you have any checklist for bridge? 7. What are the expiry dates of SART and MOB markers?
57 8. How do you check the fire extinguishers, i. е. CO2 fire extin guishers, foam fire extinguishers? 9. Where are the pyrotechnics and their expiry dates? 10. Is the Aldis lamp in working condition? 11. How do you update medicines? 12. Where do you keep controlled drugs? 13. Do you have weighing machine for extinguishers? 14. What is your company's safety policy? Some useful words and word combinations: failure ['feilja] - неисправность, выход из строя MOB = man overboard folio ['fauliau] - папка (для карт) pyrotechnics [j>ai(3)r9(u)'tekniks] - пиротехника 1 Aldis ['orldis ] lamp - переносной сигнальный фонарь to update - обновлять drugs - сильнодействующие лекарства , l expiry ['ekspiri, ik spai(9)n] date - срок окончания действия документа weighingf'weiiqjmachine - весы
VI. Work in pairs. Respond to the following requests by choosing one of the phrases on the right. You may add anything you think fit. Change your parts.
1. I wish to check a chart from your folios. 2. Please show me bridge pro cedure guide and helicopter service. All right, 3. Please remove port side OK, inspector, navigation bulb to check the Certainly, Here it is. officer. alarm. Of course, Here you are. sir. 4. Show me your passage plan Yes, for your current voyage. Well, 5. Show me your chart correc tions and publication list on board.
58 6. Show me the latest correc tion of Notice to Mariners. 7. Show me the compass error book. 8. Show me master's night or der book. 9. Let me have Pilot card checked. 10. Let me have Daily work- down book checked. 11. Let me have Emergency and muster list register checked. 12. LetmehaveLSAandFFA register checked.
VII. Work in pairs. Respond to the following remarks concerning deficiencies detected by port State control officers by choosing appropriate replies on the right. One of you acts as a PSCO, the other as an OOW. Change your parts.
1. navigation charts for in tended voyage are not We'll cor right corrected up-to-date. rect away. 2. various charts are not it/them corrected to the latest Okay, just do Notices to Mariners. now. I am 3. some lists of lights/sail Sorry, fit afraid, ing directions/ITU books imme order are out-dated/ not avail Very diately. What's able. sorry, post the 4. all illustrated tables de before prepare matter? scribing the life-saving Yes, sir. we signals are not readily recharge leave available on the bridge. Well, the rectify 5. magnetic compass is il port. legible at steering posi repair tion because of insuffi cient iUiimination. replace
59 6. standard magnetic com stretch pass residual deviation is before noted over 6°. substitute the 7. there are not enough vessel's We'll have lifeboats/lifebuoys/life depar it/them rafts aboard, ture. 8. one lifeboat is missing, corrected 9. lifeboat launching in after in done structions are not under spec emergency lighting, fitted tion. 10 lifebuoys self-igniting lights are inoperative. ordered 11. starboard side lifeboat posted rudder isn't fitted on place. prepared 12. lifeboat is not fully recharged equipped. 13. the vessel's lifeboat ra rectified tion vacuum seal is bro repaired ken. 14. life jackets are without replaced whistles. stretched 15. life jackets donning no tices are not posted. substituted 16. man-overboard lifebuoy lights/smoke signals are deficient. 17. operational instructions for LSA/fire extinguish ers are missing. 18. the CO2 system instruc tion is not translated into English. 19. fireman's outfit breathing apparatus air bottles are inadequately charged.
60 20. fireman's outfit sets are not ready for immediate use. 21. fibre pumps are not able to supply water to the fire main. 22. the gangway isn't suffi ciently safe. There is no special fibre-rope net un der it. 23. the railings on the main deck bent. 24. two mooring lines are worn-out.
Here is the vocabulary to help you:
to charge air bottle - заряжать воздушный баллон fire main - пожарная магистраль illegible [i'led33b(3)l] - неразборчивый, нечеткий residual deviation - остаточная девиация vacuum seal -герметическое уплотнение ITU - International Telecommimication Union - международный союз электросвязи fibre-rope [faiba] - растительный трос lifeboat ration ['reij(9)n]- шлюпочный пищевой запас продуктов worn-out - старый; измочаленный
VIII. Act as an interpreter. I. PSCO: Good afternoon! I am a port State Control Officer. Here is my identity card. OOW: Здравствуйте, мистер Кидман. Добро пожаловать. Я в вашем распоряжении. С чего вы бы хотели начать ваш осмотр? PSCO: Let's start inspecting with the bridge.
61 OOW: Хорошо. Сюда, пожалуйста. Я провожу вас на мос тик. PSCO: What navigation publications do you have on board? OOW: У нас имеются все издания, требуемые конвенцией СО ЛАС. Они стоят на этой полке. PSCO: Good. What about your master gyrocompass? OOW: Он В порядке. Я могу включить его и показать, как он работает, если вы хотите. PSCO: O.K., switch it on, please. Both gyro-repeaters seem to have good sensibility, but the one on starboard of the bridge points to the wrong direction. I wonder, what the gyrocompass error is. OOW: Плюс два градуса. PSCO: You should have them corrected at once. OOW: Простите, офицер, я сделаю это сразу же после окон чания осмотра. PSCO: What about your steering gear? OOW: Оно тоже в порядке. PSCO: Please start the emergency steering gear and operate it manually. OOW: Да, сэр. PSCO: Any error? OOW: Да, полградуса. PSCO: That's O.K. OOW: Еще что-нибудь, мистер Курман? PSCO: No, thank you, watch officer. You've been very helpful to me. OOW: Всеща пожалуйста.
N.B. sensibility - точность II. PSCO: Good morning, officer. I am a port State Control Officer. I am authorized to inspect your ship's safety equipment. OOW: Доброе утро, сэр. Я могу вам помочь? PSCO: Well, will you show me your ship's International Certifi cates issued to you under SOLAS Convention?
62 OOW: Да, конечно. Вот, пожалуйста. Я думаю, что у нас все нормально, так как наше судно инспектировалось месяц назад. PSCO: Let me have a look. Well, all certificates are valid. And now if you don't mind I'd like to make a survey of your ship's safety equipment. Will you show me to the boat- deck? OOW: С удовольствием. Пройдемте, сэр. Сюда, пожалуйста. Вот мы и на шлюпочной палубе. PSCO: I see all boats are available here and provided with proper supplies and equipment. And how many life buoys do you have? OOW: Я должен признать, что у нас только семь спасатель ных кругов. А насколько я знаю, должно быть восемь, не так ли? PSCO: Quite right you are. Under article 37 of the Convention SOLAS a ship of your type should have not less than eight lifebuoys. That problem can be easily settled. Con tact Mr. Johnson through your agent. They'll supply your vessel with the missing lifebuoy. It can be done within one or two days. OOW: Но ведь это не задержит наш отход, я надеюсь. PSCO: Certainly, it won't. I'll visit your vessel before the depar ture and check the availability of all life-saving appli ances once more. OOW: Good. That's settled.
N.B. valid - действительный availability - наличие III. PSCO: Good afternoon, officer. I am a port State Control Officer. My name is Peter Crystal. OOW: Доброе утро, мистер Кристал. Я третий помощник. Моя фамилия Васильев. Что я могу для вас сделать? PSCO: Well, I am to inspect your ship. First of all I want to see the hatches where cargo operations are going on. Under the rules of our port you should place fire extinguishers
63 at each hatch and lay fire hoses connected with shore pumps. OOW: Все сделано по правилам. Можете убедиться сами. Давайте пройдем к люкам. PSCO: I see everything is O.K. By the way, have you posted a deck-hand on fire watch? OOW: Конечно, сэр. Мы не нарушаем правила. Матрос со вершает регулярные обходы судна и докладывает мне каждые полчаса. PSCO: Very good. And now I'd like to see the certificate for the ship's fire equipment, officer. OOW: Подождите немного, пожалуйста. Я принесу все не обходимые документы. Вот, пожалуйста. Просмотри те их. PSCO: Thank you, Mr. Vasiljev. I see everything is ship-shape. All certificates are valid. I have no claims. OOW: Рад помочь, сэр. IV. OOW: Это 2-3-0-0-5? Я могу поговорить с мистером Джон соном? Clerk: Wait a moment. Hold the line. Agent: Hello, Johnson is speaking. OOW: Добрый день, мистер Джонсон. Говорит вахтенный помощник с теплохода "Темор". Простите за беспо койство. Agent: That's all right. Anything urgent? OOW: Думаю, да. Капитан поручил мне позвонить вам, так как он очень занят. Agent: O.K. Go ahead. OOW: Как вы знаете, мы простоим в вашем порту только три дня, и в течение этого времени мы должны ку пить, доставить на борт и установить спасательную шлюпку вместо той, которая была смыта за борт во время прошлого рейса. Не могли бы вы все своевре менно подготовить? Agent: Of course, I'll do my best. Tell the master I'll keep him in know.
64 OOW: Спасибо, сэр. Будьте добры позвоните нам, пожалуй ста, завтра около полудня. Agent: O.K. That's settled. Good-bye. OOW: До свидания, мистер Джонсон.
IX. Say it in English. I. Если вы хотите посмотреть карты и навигационные пособия, пройдемте в штурманскую. Мы пользуемся адмиралтейскими картами, и я откорректировал все необходимые карты согласно последним извещениям мореплавателям. Все последние нави гационные предупреждения хранятся в этой папке. Агент при слал нам местные извещения мореплавателям, как только мы пришвартовались. На этой полке находятся все необходимые навигационные пособия. Кстати, у всех судоводителей имеется диплом оператора ГМССБ. Вам их показать? Не надо? Хорошо. Вы хотите проверить наш магаитный компас? Мы регулярно его выверяем. Таблица девиации размещена в штурманской. Да, к сожалению, она устарела. Я все откорректирую после провер ки, сэр. Рулевое устройство в порядке. Да, конечно, все судово дители знают, как обращаться с навигационными приборами. К тому же рядом с оборудованием имеются инструкции по их эксплуатации как на русском, так и на ангаийском языках. II. Планы противопожарной защиты размещены в коридорах на каждой палубе. Как вы видите, знаки и символы расположе ны согласно конвенции СОЛАС. Вы говорите, что не все слова на плане достаточно четкие. Хорошо, я сделаю еще один экзем пляр. Да, я записал это. В коридорах у нас находятся пенные ог нетушители. Противопожарные двери на судне закрываются двумя способами: автоматически, при подаче сигнала пожарной тревоги, или нажатием кнопки около двери. Вы хотите знать, где находятся пожарные шланги? Вон там. Мы их проверяем регулярно. Вам показать записи взвешивания углекислотных огнетушителей? Пожалуйста. Мы планируем перезарядить их в вашем порту. У нас на судне десять комплектов экипировки пожарных. Они хранятся в специальной кладовой. Вы можете
65 каску, дыхатеяьньгй аппарат. Последний раз учебная пожарная тревога проводилась на судне два месяца назад. Хорошо, ин спектор, я доложу капитану о вашем требовании провести учебную тревогу в вашем присутствии. III. Вы хотите осмотреть спасательное оборудование на мости ке? Хорошо, сюда, пожалуйста. У нас два спасательных круга с электрической световой и дымовой сигнализацией с обеих сто рон мостика. Да, вы правы. Срок годности дымовых сигналов истек месяц назад, но мы уже заказали новые, и завтра они должны быть доставлены на судно. Вы спрашиваете, когда за канчивается срок годности ракетниц? Через четыре месяца. У нас на судне сорок спасательных жилетов. Каждый из них имеет свисток, огни и светоотражающие ленты. Вот, пожалуйста, сви детельство об осмотре надувных плотов. Да, я знаю, что спаса тельные плоты по правилам должны проверяться раз в год. Срок годности этого свидетельства заканчивается через месяц. Вы говорите, что оборудование спасательных шлюпок в поряд ке. Что касается необходимости обновления запасов питьевой воды, я это записал. АРБ и РЛМО установлены рядом с мости ком. Мы проверяли их работу два дня назад. Если у вас нет больше вопросов, сэр, я провожу вас в каюту капитана.
X. Develop the following role play situations. Guidelines on role play. Situation: aboard a vessel lying alongside a berth in a foreign port. Main roles: 1) port state control officer; 2) officer of the watch. Attitudes: official, business-like. Notions: asking smb for things or to do smth for smb; asking for de tails and clarification; giving detailed and short answers; making as sessment and remarks; expressing approval or disapproval.
66 Situation I
Role card A Role card В You are the OOW. By your You are the PSCO. The OOW Master's order you are to ac shows you to the bridge to in company the PSCO to the spect nautical publications bridge and show him every and charts as well as naviga thing he wants to inspect. Fol tional equipment you would low all his requests and instruc like to examine the general tions. Put down all the remarks condition of the navigational if he makes any. Don't forget to equipment (compasses, emer make him sure that all deficien gency steering gear, radar), cies he has detected will be rec management of voyage charts tified. Be polite and show your and publications, record of willingness to help. steering gear tests, radio equipment. You may ask the OOW to operate any equip ment you like. You find some defects and tell the OOW to report to the master to have all outstanding deficiencies recti fied before the vessel's depar ture.
N.B. Possible deficiencies. 1. Navigation charts for ... harbour are missing. 2. Notices to Mariners are not updated. 3. The Nautical almanac is not updated. 4. List of Coast Station (vol. IV) is missing. See also checklists on pages 254-258.
67 Situation II
You are the OOW. By your You are the PSCO. You want Master's order you are to show to carry out an inspection of the PSCO all the fire-fighting the fire-fighting appliances. appliances and equipment. You The OOW is at your service should answer all his questions and is willing to show every in details and follow all his in thing you would like to in structions. When the officer spect. You express your satis makes any remarks or finds faction with the condition of any deficiencies, don't forget to some appliances and equip note it down and assure him ment. You find that one that you will do your best to breathing apparatus is empty improve the situation. You and some other deficiencies. promise to rectify all the defects You suggest to carry out the before your vessel leaves the fire drill in your presence. port. Ask the PSCO whether it is possible to recharge breath ing apparatus in that port. Don't faH to be polite and ready to help.
N.B. Some possible deficiencies. 1) fire hoses and nozzles are missing from fire boxes; 2) IMO symbols for fire-fighting appliances are not stick around all ship; 3) two hand lamps of fireman's outfit are inoperative. Consult check list on pages 255-256 - for more ideas. Some helpful words: fire hose - пожарный рукав, шланг fire nozzle - пожарный ствол, брандспойт to stick (stuck, stuck) - наклеивать
68 Situation III
Role card A Role card В You are the OOW. By your You are the PSCO. You exam Master's order you are to show ine the life-saving appliances the PSCO all the life-saving ap aboard the ship. The OOW ac pliances he wants to inspect. companies you by the master's You should give detailed an order. You ask him a lot of swers to his questions. Write questions concerning the LSA down all the deficiencies he and abandon ship drill. Some points out. You know that one of the life-saving appUances lifeboat was washed out during are in good order, some need the storav aivd a new oive is 01- to be replaced. You notice tiiat dered through the agent. You one lifeboat is missing and try assure the PSCO that each item to find the cause of it At the he has noted as deficient will be end of your inspection you corrected. Be polite and show note that almost everything is your readiness to help. satisfactory. Don't forget to thank the OOW for his assis- tance and cooperation. N.B. Some possible deficiencies. 1. No records about inspection of life-saving appliances in check list for LSA. 2. Launching instructions for life rafts are missing. 3. IMO symbols for life-saving appliances are not stuck around all vessel. 4. EPIRB hydrostatic release unit expired. See for more ideas in checklists on page 254-255. Helpful words hydrostatic [jhaidrs'staetik] - падростатический release [n'liis] unit - пусковое устройство
XL Act out the following situations using as many as possible words and word combinations learnt in this unit I. Вы вахтенный помощник. На ваше судно, которое стоит в иностранном порту, пришел офицер, осуществляющий кон-
69 тролъ со стороны государства порта за иностранными судами. Поздоровайтесь с инспектором, представьтесь ему и предложи те свою помощь. В первую очередь офицер хотел бы пройти на мостик, чтобы проверить наличие необходимых навигационных пособий, корректуру карт и состояние навигационного оборудования. По распоряжению капитана проводите инспектора на мос тик, ответьте на все его вопросы и покажите все, что его интере сует. Отвечая на вопросы инспектора, сообщите ему: - вы пользуетесь адмиралтейскими картами, они все откор ректированы в соответствии с последними извещениями мореплавателям, которые вы получили от агента сразу по сле прихода судна в порт; - все необходимые навигационные пособия находятся в штурманской рубке на полке, и офицер, если хочет, может их просмотреть; - все помошдики капитана неплохо говорят по-английски, и они постоянно используют английский язык в своей работе; - все помощники имеют соответствующие свидетельства ГМССБ. Узнайте, не желает ли инспектор просмотреть эти свиде тельства. Офицер хочет проверить работу магнитного и гиро компасов, аварийного рулевого устройства, радара. Скажите, что - вы регулярно выверяете ваш магаитный компас, а таблица девиации находится в штурманской рубке; - поправка гирокомпаса составляет плюс полтора градуса, а погрешность удержания на курсе - полградуса; - все помощники знают, как пользоваться навигационным оборудованием; кроме того, рядом с каждым прибором раз мещены инслрукгщи по его эксплуатации. Инспектор просит вас показать в работе гирокомпас, ава рийное рулевое устройство, радар. Он делает следующие заме чания: - таблица девиации устарела, необходимо выверить компас и откорректировать девиацию как можно скорее;
70 - репитер гирокомпаса указывает неверное направление. Поправка гирокомпаса должна быть исправлена; - морской астрономический ежегодник не откорректирован. Запишите все замечания инспектора и заверьте его, что все будет исправлено до отхода судна в рейс.
Some helpful words: погрешность удержания на курсе - steering error репитер гирокомпаса - compass repeater откорректировать, обновить (документы, пособия) - to update астрономический ежегодник - nautical almanac II. Вы вахтенный помощник. Офицер, осуществляющий кон троль со стороны государства порта за иностранными судами, проверяет на борту вашего судна противопожарное оборудова ние. Ответьте на все его вопросы. Будьте вежливы и корректны. Сообщите инспектору: - где размещены планы противопожарной защиты; - какие огнетушители установлены у вас в коридорах; - как работают автоматические противопожарные двери. Предложите офицеру осмотреть пожарную магистраль и пожарные рукава. Скажите, какая на вашем судне стационарная система пожаротушения и как она контролируется. Покажите инспектору записи взвешивания утлекислотных огаетушителей и узнайте, можно ли их перезарядить в этом порту. Ответьте, что на вашем судне 8 комплектов экипировки пожарных и они хранятся в отдельном легкодоступном помещении. Расскажите, ще у вас вывешено расписание по тревогам, как часто вы про водите учения по противопожарной безопасности и сколько времени обычно требуется на то, чтобы надеть снаряжение по жарного. Запишите все замечания инспектора и убедите его, что все будет исправлено до ухода судна из порта. Скажите, что обо всем вы доложите капитану.
Some helpful words: пожарная магистраль - fine main pipe записи взвешивания - weighing records
71 расписание по тревогам - muster list дополнительный баллон - spare air bottle ручные лампы - hand lamp манометр дыхательного аппарата - В. A. gauge [geid3]
Замечания инспектора: 1) обеспечить дополнительный баллон для экипировки по жарного; 2) исправить символы ИМО на плане противопожарной защи ты; 3) две ручных лампы, входящие в комплект экипировки по жарного, неисправны; 4) манометр дыхательного аппарата поломан. III. Вы вахтенный помощник. Офицер, осуществляющий кон троль со стороны государства порта за иностранными судами, проверяет на борту вашего судна спасательное оборудование. Вежливо ответьте на все его вопросы. Будьте готовы предос тавить любую информацию относительно спасательных средств, которая ему может понадобиться. Сообщите инспектору: - сколько спасательных кругов с автоматически зажигаю щимся огнем и дымовым сигналом имеется на мостике; - вес спасательных кругов (на мостике по 2 кг, в других мес тах по 2,5 кг); - количество ракет в ракетнице; - количество спасательных жилетов на судне, включая запас ные. Покажите офицеру сертификат осмотра надувных плотов и оборудование спасательной шлюпки. Узнайте у инспектора, как можно заказать новый спасательный плот, т. к. один плот был смыт за борт во время шторма. Ответьте инспектору, что АРБ и РЛМО размещены недалеко от мостика, а батареи, на которых они работают, проверяли два дня назад. Инспектор в целом удовлетворен состоянием спаса тельного оборудования, указывая на незначительные неис правности, а именно:
72 1) не отмечены посадочные места в пгаюпках; 2) один спасательный плот отсутствует; 3) истек срок действия сигнальных лампочек спасательных жилетов. Скажите, что все неисправности будут ликвидированы за время стоянки судна в порту. По окончании проверки не за будьте поблагодарить инспектора за сотрудничество и предло жите проводить его в каюту капитана.
Some helpful words: АРБ - EPIRB (emergency position indicating radio beacon) PJIMO - SART (search and rescue transponder) посадочные места - sitting positions
Unit II. Pollution Prevention
The protection of the environment is an issue of global concern, and the policy of many governments is that "the polluter pays". Therefore it is vital that before carrying out any operation where a risk of pollution exists, everyone involved is made fully aware of the relevant regulations, procedures and their own responsibilities. Whereas larger oil pollution incidents are often the result of groundings and collisions, the majority of spills occur while bunker ing, during oil cargo transfers or when disposing of oily bilge water, fuel residues or tank slops. Whenever a vessel takes on bunkers, the operation must be care fully planned and executed by persons who are familiar with the valve and pipeline systems. The OOW should keep in close contact with the bunkering team throughout. If there is an oil spill, the OOW must make all efforts to contain it as quickly as possible. A floating mooring rope is an excellent emer gency containment boom if there is not already one in place. He must immediately instigate the ship's emergency response plan. Shipboard oil pollution emergency response plan (Sopep) is de signed to set in motion the necessary actions to stop or minimise any unexpected discharge of oil and to mitigate its effects. Usually it
73 comprises a series of flow-charts or checklists, arranged in logical sequence, to reduce oversight and error. Effective planning ensures that the necessary actions are taken in a structured, logical and timely manner. Reporting requirements are detailed, with checklists of the information required, and a list of contacts is included which are local, national, international and company orientated. The junior deck officer should study this plan when he first joins a ship, and ensure that he understands its aims and how to imple ment it. He should ask the Master to explain any points in the plan which he does not understand. Documents such as the oil record book, deck log, engine log and cargo log are particularly important when defending pollution claims and must always be kept completely up to date. The OOW should be familiar with the entries made in the oil re cord book. They should show the date, time and place, the quantity and description of liquids involved, and details of their origin and destination tank on board own ship, on another ship or ashore. It should also be remembered that oil is only one type of pollut ant, and the violation of regulations governing atmospheric pollu tion, sewage, garbage and plastic waste may also result in heavy penalties. The OOW must be on guard for all forms of pollution which may originate from the cargo. This could be spills from insecure packaging, or leaks from packages damaged during loading or dis charging. All such leaks and spills, should be contained and recov ered as soon as practicable. It is particularly important to take prompt actions to deal with spills of dangerous cargoes Bulk cargo which spills on deck should be swept up and, if not damaged, should be returned to the hold. The OOW must beware of allowing anyone to throw spilt cargo on the quay, or into the water, as this can be interpreted as polluting the port. Dunnage, packing and lashing equipment should not be dis posed of by throwing them overside or dumping them on the quay, as this can also be interpreted as polluting the port. All such un wanted items must always be collected and stored until they can be disposed of in an environmentally friendly way. All garbage should be kept in covered containers and foodstuffs in particular must not be permitted to litter the decks. The OOW
74 must be alert for newly dumped garbage, as large fines can result from small infringements of local rules. A well run ship will have a strict system of garbage disposal. It is good practice always to keep garbage contained in sealed bags. These can be disposed of when facilities are available, but increas ingly ships are fitted with incinerators of sufficient capacity to make garbage disposal easy, cheap and legal. To prove the ship complies with MARPOL regulations, it is re commended that a Garbage Disposal Log is maintained, showing when, where and how all the ship's garbage was processed. During his regular patrols of the deck, the OOW should be alert for pollution in the area around the vessel, which has come from somewhere else other than his own ship. All such incidents should be logged, and immediately reported to the appropriate authorities ashore. It is important formally to establish the innocence of one's own ship, particularly with oil pollution. This may prevent the ship from being falsely accused as the originator of such pollution. It is not unknown for authorities in some ports to blame an easy target such as the only foreign ship in port, a ship owned by a large com pany, or even a ship where inefficiency or lack of supervision has been noted earlier. It may be useful to take photographs if these can show the true origin of the pollution.
I. Read the text The following words and word combinations will help you to understand it better: issue ['iju:, 'isju:] - проблема, вопрос vital [Vaitl] - жизненно важный, насущный aware [a'wea] - знающий, осведомленный procedure [ргэ^Ызэ] - процедура majority [ms'dsnnti] - большинство to dispose of - удалять, убирать; избавляться disposal - размещение (отходов) oily bilge water - трюмная вода, содержащая нефтепродукты fuel residue prezidju:] - остатки топлива slops - отходы, нечистоты to execute ['eksikju:t] - исполнять, выполнять
75 to make efforts - приложить усилия to contain - удерживать, ограничивать emergency containment boom [ksn'temmant ,bu:m] - аварийное плавучее ограждение нефтяного пятна to instigate ['instigeit] - подстрекать, побуждать; зд. приступить к выполнению emergency response plan - план реагирования в чрезвычайных обстоятельствах to mitigate effects - уменьшить последствия flow chart - блок-схема logical sequence ['siikwans] - логическая последовательность oversight ['ouvasait] - недосмотр, оплошность to implement - выполнять oil record book - журнал нефтяных операций to be familiar with smth - хорошо узнать что-либо , pollutant [p9 lu:t(9)nt] - загрязнитель окружающей среды, пол- лютант violation [jVaia'leiftaJn] - нарушение sewage ['s(j)u:id3] - нечистоты, сточные воды plastic waste - пластиковые отходы heavy penalty - большой штраф to be on guard [ga:d] - быть настороже SOPEP (shipboard oil pollution emergency response plan) - судо вой план по борьбе с разливами spill - разлив leak - течь to recover [n'kAva] - утилизировать to take prompt action - предпринять немедленные действия to sweep (swept, swept) - убирать, производрпъ уборку beware of - беречься, остерегаться to dump - выбрасывать, вываливать to litter - сорить, мусорить Garbage Disposal Log - журнал операций с мусором fine - штраф infringement [m'fnndsmat] - нарушение incinerator [in'sinareita] - мусоросжигатель, печь для сжигания отходов
76 MARPOL - International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from ships, 1973/78 - Международная конвенция по предотвращению загрязнения окружающей среды to process ['prausss] - подвергать обработке, обрабатывать to be alert for - быть бдительным на случай to log - вносить в судовой журнал innocence ['masons] - невиновность to accuse |Vkju:z] - обвинять, винить origin ['оиёзт] - источник originator [Vnd3ineit9] - инициатор originate [эМзтей] - происходить, возникать to blame - обвинять, порицать, винить target ftargit] - цель , inefficiency [lim fiJ(9)nsi] - неумение, неспособность lack - недостаток; отсутствие
II. Check that you understand the text answering the questions.
1. What should any person involved in operations where a risk of pollution exists know? 2. Why must bunkering operations be carefully planned? 3. What must the OOW do in case of an oil spill? 4. What does SOPEP stand for? 5. What is this plan designed for? 6. What does SOPEP usually comprise? 7. When should the junior deck officer study this plan? 8. Why must the oil record book, deck, engine and cargo logs always be kept completely up to date? 9. What entries are made in the oil record book? 10. What types of pollutant except oil are mentioned in the text? 11. Where should all garbage be kept? 12. How can garbage be disposed of? 13. What does a Garbage Disposal Log show? 14. Why is it very important to log all incidents relating to pollu tion and immediately report about them to the appropriate au thorities ashore?
77 III. Most of marine pollution cases have been caused by oil spills due to mishandling during bunkering operations. Whenever a vessel takes on bunkers, the operation must be carefully planned and executed by persons who are familiar with the valves and pipeline systems, etc. Study carefully the pictures showing some examples of oil spills which will help you prevent oil spill acci dents and be ready to instruct the personnel concerned.
Oil spills from other tanks due to wrong valve handling Inadequate scupper plug.
Over-capacity supply of oil under the Failure of giving early notice to the supply vessel. wrong direction of the supervisor.
78 Failure of closing or opening valves connected with adja cent fuel tanks.
Burst of hose caused by the closing of valve with out telling supply vessel.
7~" Wrong loading without giving due consideration to heel and trim, or careless continuation of supply.
No or Inadequate blank-flange on the opposite end.
Inadequate blank-flange Oil overflow through manhole. -<
Line valve is left open
Oil splashes out of the gas vent by excessive delivery pressure.
79 These words and word combinations will help you: scupper plug - крышка шпигата over-capacity supply - избыточная подача топлива burst of hose - разрыв шланга adjacent - смежный to give due consideration to - уделить должное внимание heel - крен trim - дифферент blank-flange - загаушка line valve - клапан трубопровода oil overflow - перелив топлива manhole - горловина (танка) oil splashes - брызги топлива excessive - чрезмерный, излишний, избыточный
IV. Study SOPEP (Shipboard oil pollution emergency response plan) and ensure that you understand its aims and how to im plement it. Be ready to answer the questions below.
These words will be helpful: assessment - оценка lightening capacity -емкость для разгрузки external strike team - команда по очистке с другого судна или с берега degreasant - растворитель to initiate - начинать oil dispersant - препарат для рассеивания пролитых в море неф тепродуктов countermeasures - контрмеры stress - напряжение (судна) damage stability - остойчивость при повреждении leak sealing - ликвидация течи
80 DISCHARGE OF OIL Probable or actual
ASSESSMENT OF THE NATURE OF INCIDENT
ACTIONS REQUIRED • Alert crew members • Identify spill source • Spill assessment
REPORTING ACTION TO CObITRO L DISCHARGE
By master and/or designated crew Measures to minimize the escape of oil and threat to member the marine environment
When to report NAVIGATIONAL SEAMANSHIP MEAS All probable and actual spills MEASURES URES How to report • After course/position • Safety assessment and • By quickest means to coastal radio sta and/or speed precaution tion • Change of list and/or • Advice on priority coun- • Designated ship movement reporting trim termeasures/ preventive station or • Anchoring measures • Rescue co-ordination centre (at sea) • Setting aground • Damage stability and • By quickest available means to local • Initiate towage stress consideration authorities • Assess safe haven re • Ballasting/deballasting quirements Whom to contact • Internal cargo transfer • Weather/tide/swell operations • Nearest coastal state forecasting • Emergency ship-to-ship • Harbours and terminal operators (in • Slick monitoring transfers of cargo and/or port) • Record of events and bunkers • Shipowner's manager; cargo owner communications taken • Set up shipboard response • Refer to contact lists for: What to report - Leak sealing • Initial report (res. A.648(16)) • Follow- - Fire fighting up reports - Handling of shipboard • Characteristics of oil spilled response equipment (if • Cargo/ballast bunker dispositions available) -etc. • Weather and sea conditions
• Slick movement • Assistance required STEPS TO INITIATE EXTERNAL RESPONSE - Salvage - Lightening capacity • Refer to coastal port State listings for local assis - Mechanical equipment tance -External strike team • Refer to ship interest contact list - Chemical dispersant/degreasant • External clean-up resources required • Continued monitoring of activities
81 1. What should you do as a watchkeeping officer if an oil spill oc curs? 2. Who should be reported about the incident? 3. What information must be included into the incident report? 4. What navigational measures should be taken to minimize the escape of oil? 5. What seamanship measures should be taken to minimize threat to the marine pollution? 6. What actions should be taken if external assistance is required?
V. Officer of the watch is a member of the oil pollution preven tion team. His duties in case of spillage are the following: to alert and inform the Chief Officer and the Master of the situa tion; to prepare for fire-fighting; to advise shore staff when bun kering; to mobilize deckhands to contain the spillage. Study the text below and be ready to explain a junior deck officer what ac tions should follow oil escape. These words will be helpful: relief tank - запасной manifold valve - магистральный клапан bilge pump - трюмный (осушительньгй) насос sea water inlet - забортное отверстие; кингстон overboard discharge - отливное забортное отверстие to ascertain - установить to contain - удерживать, сдерживать vent fan - вентилятор spill squad - команда по ликвидации разлива
82 EMERGENCY ACTION FOLLOWING OIL ESCAPE
STOP Cargo - Ballasting - Bilge - Bunkering - Transferring Operations
ACTION FOR CARGO ESCAPE OIL OVERSIDE Overflowing Tanks Hose Line In Port At Sea Leak/Burst Stop Cargo/Bilge Stop all operations Stop Cargo Pumps (Cargo-Bilge Tank Stop Cargo Pumps Pumps Stop Stop Loading Cleaning) Stop Loading Loading Close all Line Close Manifold Valves Valves Inform Inform Shore Shore Per Inform Shore Per Ascertain Source of Personnel sonnel sonnel Leakage
Open Relief Tanks Isolate Hose or Sound Alarm Contain Further if Available Line Leakage
Isolate Overflowing Check Scupper Tank Plugs Obtain sample of Oil
Check Sea water Inform Head Office Inlets and Overboard Inform Terminal Discharges Authorities Prior Bring vessel to state of emergency to arrival Stop Vent Fans, Close all possible Sea Water Inlets Obtain Sample Brief Spill Squads of Oil Slick
Start Additional Fire Pumps Obtain Sample of Cargo or Bunkers Inform Master and Shore Personnel of Involved in Port Situation Operation
Monitor Accommodation Area for Gas on Completion of Clean-Up
Restart Operation INVESTIGATE AND RECORD INCIDENT
83 VI. Study definitions of the following English words which are translated into Russian as мусор not to mix them up. debris ['debri:] (Fr. to break) the remains of smth broken to pieces or destroyed; ruins - обломки; продукты износа; строи тельный мусор garbage ['дсгЛиёз] - kitchen refuse, anything useless; Am. E. waste material, rubbish - мусор, отбросы (особенно кухонные) litter ['lite] - things (to be) thrown away, esp. paper scattered un- tidely; odds and ends left lying about - разбросанные ве щи; набросанная бумага, сор, мусор refuse ['refju:s] waste material; waste matter; trash - отходы rubbish ['глЬгИ - waste material to be thrown away; waste or re jected material - мусор, cop, хлам trash [traej*] - Am. E. for rubbish; worthless refuse - отбросы, хлам; мусор; макулатура waste [weist] - used, damaged, or unwanted material; refuse - от ходы; обрезки, обрывки (бумаги)
VII. Read the text about the garbage collection and disposal or ganisation. Answer the questions below. Some helpful words: to comminute - измельчать to grind, ground, ground - перемалывать crockery - глиняная или фаянсовая посуда lining material - прокладочный материал
GARBAGE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL ORGANISATION
Garbage includes all kinds of victual, domestic and operational waste generated during the normal operation of the ship and liable to be disposed of continuously or periodically except those sub stances which are defined or listed in other Annexes of MARPOL 73/78
84 GARBAGE GARBAGE DISPOSAL DISPOSAL Receptacle GARBAGE TYPE AT SEA AT SEA Colour (Outside Spe (Inside Special cial Areas) Areas) plastics includes synthetic ropes and Disposal Pro Disposal Pro Red fishing nets and hibited hibited plastic garbage bags More than 3 n. More than 12 n. Food Waste miles from the miles from the Coniminuted nearest land nearest land or ground Blue More than 12 n. More than 12 n. Not comminuted or miles from the miles from the ground nearest land nearest land paper, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crock More than 3 n. ery and similar re miles from the Disposal Pro fuse nearest land hibited Black comminuted or More than 12 n. Disposal Pro ground miles from the hibited Not comminuted or nearest land ground
Floating dunnage, More than 25 n. Disposal Pro lining and pack miles from the Yellow hibited ing materials nearest land
Special Areas The Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, the Red Sea, the "Gulfs Area", the North Sea, the Antarctic and the Wider Carib bean Region including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. NOTE: in these areas it is illegal to discharge any garbage, except food waste which may only be discharged beyond 12 n. miles off shore.
1. What waste does the term garbage include?
85 2. What type of garbage do you know? 3. Disposal of what garbage is prohibited at sea? 4. What areas are called special? 5. What garbage type is allowed to be disposed both outside and inside Special Areas? 6. What is the colour of receptacles containing food waste?
VIII. Annex V of the MARPOL Treaty is an International Law providing for a cleaner, safer marine environment. Under this law it is illegal for any vessel to dump plastic garbage anywhere in the ocean or navigable waters. Violations of these require ments may result in civil penalties being imposed upon defenders in the forms of fines and/or imprisonment as determined by cur rent national legislation. When waste is mixed the more strin gent requirements apply. Look through the Guide to Setting Amount of Offers to Settle Carrier's Violations and some short texts below and mind the amount of penalties to be paid.
The penalties for even a small spillage of oil into an environmen tally sensitive area can be substantial, and the clean up costs can be enormous - $ 15 million for a spill of 283 barrels in Los Angeles. The average claim for bunker spills is $ 1 million. It has been reported that coal dust washed overboard from the main deck by overflowing ballast in Pohang, Korea, resulted in one ship being fined Won 10 million (about US$ 13,000). A ship was fined $ 1,000 for orange peel found on deck in New Orleans - this had been dropped by a shore worker, as there were no oranges in the ship's store at the time!
86 Guide to Setting Amount of Offers to Settle Carrier Violations.
If the Violation Is: And Then the Amount Is
Unauthorized or The vessel is not $500 Improper Removal on the current of Garbage violation list. The vessel is on the $750 current violation list The vessel is on the Do not complete habitual violators list Section II. Forward complete case file to RSS Garbage not prop The vessel is not on $100 erly maintained the current violation aboard the vessel list and the necessary equipment is present and ships personnel are immediately helpful in correcting the problem The vessel is not on $250 current violation list and there is no equip ment present to al low proper mainte nance or ship's personnel are not immediately helpful in correcting oroblem Vessel is on the cur $500 rent violation list
87 IX. Work with your partners. Read the questions and choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.
1. How many kilos of domestic waste are generated by the average seafarer per day? a) 1.2 kilos b) 2.5 kilos c) 3.9 kilos 2. Though it is prohibited to dump plastics at sea, approximately how many plastic containers come ashore each year? a) 4,500 b) 45,000 c) 450,000 3. What percentage of oil pollution at sea is attributable to indus trial waste? a) 40 % b) 60 % c) 80 % 4. What percentage of oil pollution at sea is caused by general shipping? a) 25 % b) 50 % c) 75 % 5. What are "special areas" under the Marine Pollution Convention of 1973/78? a) places which provide special waste treatment facilities b) places where no dumping at sea is allowed c) places where it is permitted to dump waste over a specified distance from shore 6. What is the success rate of dealing with oil spills by contain ment? a)10-15 % b) 30-40 % c) 50-60 % 7. At what distance is it possible to dispose of food waste outside Special Areas? a) over 12 nautical miles from shore b) 12 nautical miles from the nearest port c) 25 nautical miles from shore 8. One bag of garbage thrown into US waters could result in a Coastguard fine of up to how many dollars? a) $ 500 b) $ 7,500 c) $ 25,000
88 Dialogue 1 Checking up the Vessel's Equipment PSCO: Good morning! I am a port State Control Officer. OOW: Good morning, sir. I am the watch officer. What can I do for you? PSCO: Td like to see your vessel's equipment for prevention of marine pollution. OOW: You're welcome. Our master charged me to show you everything. We have all necessary facilities to prevent pollution: oily water separating equipment, oil filtering system, tanks for oil residues, a slop tank and other equipment. PSCO: Good, officer. First, I'd like to see the tanks for oil resi dues and the oily mixture separating equipment. OOW: All right. Follow me, please. Here we are. As you can see our equipment is in good order. The discharge of oily mixtures is automatically stopped when the oil content of effluent exceeds the level permitted by Regulations. PSCO: Have you got an oil content meter? OOW: Of course, we have. These days no one can do without it. PSCO: Yes, you're quite right. By the way, when did you dis charge oily bilge waters last? OOW: Three days ago. You can see entries in our Oil Record Book. PSCO: No, thank you. It's not necessary. How often do you take water samples before and after the separator? OOW: Every 12 hours. PSCO: Good. Can I see your SOPEP? OOW: Just a moment, sir. Here it is. PSCO: О. K. By the way, what do you do with your garbage and rubbish when at sea? OOW: We've got a universal incinerator on our vessel and we incinerate oiled rags and other garbage. You may look through our entries in the Garbage Record Book. PSCO: Well, so far so good. And how do you discharge waters from your sewage system?
89 OOW: When we are more than 300 miles off coast we discharge them overboard at full speed. But when we are adrift in the open sea, not far from the coast or in ports all sewage is collected in the sewage tank. You may see our Sewage Record Book. PSCO: WH1 you show me your sewage treatment plant? OOW: Here it is. It operates continuously during the vessel's stay in a port or in the areas closed to discharge of sew age. Our vessel is also equipped with a system to com minute and disinfect the sewage. PSCO: Good. This plant meets all the operational requirements. OOW: Thank you, sir. PSCO: Well, everything seems to be О. K. but I'd like to remind you that the validity period of your bilge water separator certificate will expire in a week. It should be extended. OOW: All right. I've noted it down. Would you like to go to the master's cabin now? PSCO: Yes, let's go.
Dialogue 2 Oil Slick Problem PSCO: Good afternoon. I am a port inspector. OOW: Good afternoon, sir. I am the watch officer. Can I help you? PSCO: I'd like to see your master. OOW: I'm sorry, inspector, but the master is not on board now. He is at the agent's office. PSCO: When will he come back? OOW: I think he'll be back in an hour. PSCO: If that's the case I have to inform you that we have found a slick of fuel oil not far from your vessel. OOW: I am afraid, sir, but you've made a mistake as to the source of that slick. You know our vessel is well pro vided with an appropriate equipment for the prevention of marine pollution. PSCO: What equipment do you mean, officer?
90 OOW: We have all necessary facilities: oily water separating equipment, oil filtering system, tanks for oil residues, a slop tank and other equipment. PSCO: Good. Maybe, I am mistaken, but it's my duty to check all possible sources of pollution. Do you keep an Oil Re cord Book? OOW: Of course, we do. PSCO: Td like to see it and your SOPEP as well. OOW: Just a moment. ГП call the watch engineer. He'll come up in some minutes with all necessary papers. PSCO: Good. By the way, would you mind if I make an inspec tion round on your vessel, just to see that there are no traces of spilled or leaked oil? OOW: Of course, not. You may see anything you like here. PSCO: Thank you. Can anyone accompany me? I am going to inspect your oily water separator, sludge incinerator, take samples from your tanks and check contents of your slop tank. OOW: I think the watch engineer will do it. As for me I must go. You see, a very busy day. Good-bye, inspector. PSCO: Bye, officer. Thank you for assistance. OOW: You are welcome.
Dialogue 3 Garbage Problem PSCO: I'm afraid, officer, but there is much litter floating near your vessel. Don't you know that dumping of garbage and any refuse is prohibited in the port waters? OOW: Of course, we do, inspector. We always strictly observe the regulations. As to the garbage, I assure you it doesn't belong to our vessel. I'm sure it drifted alongside our vessel due to the wind and current. PSCO: Well, it's your word against mine. You should have in formed us about it. OOW: Quite agree with you, sir. It won't happen again. PSCO: I hope so. In any case I'll have to make a report about it. And what do you do with your garbage?
91 OOW: We keep garbage in special receptacles of different col ours and dump it when the ship is at sea far from land. You may check the entries in our Garbage Record Book. PSCO: All right. I'll do it later. By the way, we have some gar bage boats in the port. You may order one of them at any time convenient to take away your filled receptacles in exchange for the empty ones at fifteen dollars each. OOW: Thank you for information, sir. To avoid misunderstand ing, I would like you to see yourself our garbage equip ment. It won't take much time. PSCO: О. K. Do you mind if I drop in the galley during the in spection? OOW: Of course, not. You may see everything you like. This way, please.
Dialogue 4 Reporting about Oil Spill at Sea m/v: Securite, Securite, Securite All stations, all stations, all stations This is 273166800 UYZW Located oil spill in position latitude 03°20' North, longitude 109°56' East extending north eastward. Keep clear of the area. Out. Port Station: UYZW, UYZW, this is Singapore Radio, Singapore Ra dio. Received your message. Roger. Can you identify the polluter? Over. m/v: Singapore Radio, this is UYZW. No, I cannot identify the polluter. The polluter left the scene. Over. P. S.: UYZW, this is Singapore Radio. Roger. How big is the slick? Over. m/v: Singapore Radio, this is UYZW. It is a big round slick about 100 metres in diameter. Over. P. S.: UYZW, this is Singapore Radio. Roger. How far is the spot from your vessel? Is it crude ой or oil of a lighter grade? Over. m/v: Singapore Radio. This is UYZW. The spot is about 2 ca bles ahead of our vessel. It is blackish in appearance. It looks like crude oil with some debris on it. Over.
92 P. S.: UYZW, this is Singapore Radio. Roger. I am sending an oil clearance team. Stay in the vicinity of pollution and co-operate with the oil clearance team. Over. nVv: Singapore Radio, this is UYZW. Roger. I am ready to co operate with the oil clearance team. Over. P. S.: UYZW, this is Singapore Radio. Have you taken meas ures against fire, explosion and pollution? Is relevant equipment ready for use? Over. m/v: Singapore Radio, this is UYZW. Yes, all measures have been taken and the relevant equipment is ready. Stand ing by to render assistance. Over. P. S.: UYZW, this is Singapore Radio. Roger. Thank you for co-operation. Contact our station again when oil clear ance operation is finished. Over and out Securite, Securite, Securite All stations, all stations, all stations This is Singapore Radio Oil clearance operation in position latitude 03°20' North, longitude 109°56' East. Wide berth requested. Out.
I Read the dialogues in pairs paying attention to the given words and word combinations.
Dialogue 1 to charge (to do smth) поручить сделать что-нибудь oily water separating equipment оборудование для сепарации нефтесодержащих вод oil filtering system система фильтрации нефти oil residue ['rezidju:] остатки топлива slop tank отстойный танк oily mixture separating equip оборудование для сепарации ment нефтесодержащей смеси прибор для определения со oil content meter держания нефти сток effluent ['efluant]
93 oily bilge water трюмная вода, содержащая нефтепродукты oil record book журнал нефтяных операций SOPEP - shipboard oil pollution судовой план по борьбе с раз emergency response plan ливами мусор, отбросы (особенно кухон garbage ные) мусор, сор, хлам rubbish универсальная установка для universal incinerator сжигания отходов [m'smareita] сжигать to incinerate [m'smareit] oiled rag промасленная ветошь Garbage Record Book журнал операций с мусором sewage ['sjunds] сточные воды, нечистоты sewage system фановая система sewage tank накопитель фановой системы, фановая цистерна Sewage Record Book журнал операций со сточными водами sewage treatment plant установка для обработки сточ ных вод to comminute ['kommjurt] измельчать to disinfect [jdisin'fekt] обеззараживать to meet operational requirements соответствовать эксплуатаци онным требованиям validity period срок действия (документа) to remind напоминать to extend продлевать to expire истекать, заканчиваться
Dialogue 2
it that's the case если это так a slick of fuel oil пятно мазута
94 source [so:s] источник to mind возражать trace след sludge incinerator установка для сжигания шлама
Dialogue 3 litter сор, мусор to dump сбрасывать refuse ['refju:s] отходы to observe regulations соблюдать правила strictly строго to assure уверять, заверять receptacle емкость garbage boat мусорная баржа to avoid misimderstanding чтобы избежать недоразумения to drop in заглянуть galley fgaeli] камбуз
Dialogue 4 spill разлив polluter виновный в загрязнении scene [si:n] место spot пятно blackish черноватый in appearance по внешнему виду debris ['debri:] мусор; обломки; продукты износа; строительный мусор oil clearance team команда по очистке от нефти relevant соответствуюпщй
95 Hons.
Dialogue 1 1. What purpose did the port state control officer come aboard the vessel for? 2. Who charged the officer of the watch to show the inspector all facilities for pollution prevention? 3. What vessel's equipment did the PSCO want to see first? 4. Did they discharge oily bilge waters long ago? 5. How often were water samples taken before and after the sepa rator? 6. Did they throw the vessel's garbage overboard when at sea? 7. How did they discharge sewage waters? 8. Did their sewage treatment plant meet operational require ments?
9. Why should their bilge water separator certificate be extended?
Dialogue 2 1. Why did the inspector want to see the master of the ship? 2. Where was the master? 3. Did the OOW agree with the inspector's accusation of pollu tion? Why? 4. Why did the officer want to make an inspection round on the vessel? 5. What equipment was he going to inspect? 6. What else was he going to do during the inspection round? 7. Who was supposed to accompany the inspector?
Dialogue 3 1. What did the inspector find near the vessel? 2. How did the officer of the watch explain the presence of the Ut ter? 3. What did the inspector accuse the watch officer of? 4. Where was the vessel's garbage kept? 5. When did they dump their garbage? 6. What did the inspector inform the watch officer of?
96 7. What did the OOW offer the inspector to see aboard the vessel?
Dialogue 4 1. Why did the vessel send a safety message? 2. Could the vessel identify the polluter? Why? 3. What was the size of the slick? 4. Was the oil slick far from the vessel? 5. What did the slick look like? 6. Was the vessel ready to co-operate with the oil clearance team? 7. What arrangements did the crew members make to render as sistance in oil clearance operation?
III. Find in the dialogues English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:
Dialogue 1 поручить; оборудование для сепарации нефтесодержащих вод; система фильтрации нефти; танки для хранения остатков топ лива; отстойный танк; оборудование для сепарации нефтесо- держащей смеси; содержание нефти в стоке; превышать допус тимый уровень; прибор для определения содержания нефти; нельзя обойтись без этого; трюмная вода, содержащая нефте продукты; журнал нефтяных операций; брать пробы воды; универсальная установка для сжигания отходов; сжигать про масленную ветошь; фановая система; установка для обработки сточных вод; измельчать и обеззараживать нечистоты; соответ ствовать всем эксплуатационным требованиям; продлить срок действия свидетельства.
Dialogue 2 если это так; обнаружить пятно мазута; соответствующее обо рудование по предотвращению загрязнения морской среды; проверить все возможные источники загрязнения; вести журнал нефтяных операций; судовой план по борьбе с разливами; воз ражать; следы разлитых или просочившихся нефтепродуктов; осмотреть установку для сжигания шлама; брать пробы из тан ков.
97 Dialogue 3 мусор; сброс мусора и отходов; строго соблюдать правила; уве рять; хранить мусор в специальных емкостях разного цвета; проверить записи в журнале операции с мусором; мусорные баржи; в любое удобное время; чтобы избежать недоразумения; это не займет много времени; заглянуть на камбуз.
Dialogue 4
обнаружить разлив нефтепродуктов; опознать виновного в за грязнении; скрыться из виду; пятно, черноватое по виду; похо же на сырую нефть с крупным мусором; команда по очистке от нефти; принять меры; оказывать помощь; требуется обходить на значительном расстоянии.
IV. Answer the following questions. To make your answers less formal add some of the discourse markers listed below. Well; let me see; you see; you know; first of all; for example/for instance. 1. Have you got an oil content meter? 2. When did you discharge oily bilge waters last? 3. How often do you take water samples before and after the separator? 4. What do you do with you garbage and rubbish while at sea? 5. How do you discharge waters from your sewage system? 6. What equipment for the prevention of marine pollution do you have? 7. Do you keep an Oil Record Book? 8. What do you do with your garbage?
V. Pair work. A vessel may he wrongly accused of harbour pollu tion. Explain the inspector that your vessel has nothing to do with this pollution choosing suitable replies from the right-hand column.
1. We've located an oil a) Have you? I can only assure you that slick near your ves- we haven't discharged any oil pro- sel. Can you ac- duct overboard, count for that?
98 2. We have found a b) Гт afraid you made a mistake as to big slick of fuel oil the source of that slick. Our equip on the water surface ment is in good order and prevents not far from your any discharge of oily water into the vessel. sea. 3. How come that c) Due to the wind and current this your vessel found large oil sUck was brought alongside herself in the oil our vessel during her stay in the port. spot? d) These oil slicks are coming from the 4. How can you ex harbour bottom. Obviously, there is a plain those cores of damaged oil pipe line there. apples and pears e) We are not to blame for this oil slick. floating near your You see, the oil products have al stern? ready coagulated and partially de 5. While approaching composed. f your vessel I no f) We can t be held responsible for the ticed a few empty fuel spin because the leak occurred plastic bottles float from the hoses of the refueling vessel. ing near your ves g) In this case the bottles were not sel. thrown overboard by our crew. 6. How did this oil There are no such plastic packages on spot appear near our vessel. You may check it. your vessel? h) You see, about 20 minutes ago a pleasure boat passed by our vessel. I guess, it might be done by her pas sengers. i) I think these cores and peelings from apples and pears were thrown over board by passengers on a pleasure boat.
Some helpful words and word combinations: to account for - объяснять core - огрызок peel, peeling - кожура to assure - уверять, заверять a pleasure boat - прогулочный катер obviously - очевидно, явно
99 to blame - обвинять to coagulate - разлагаться refueling vessel - судно-бункеровщик
VI. Act as an interpreter. I. PSCO: Morning. I am an inspector of the Port Marine Pollution Control. OOW: Доброе утро, сэр. Я вахтенный помощник этого суд на. Чем могу помочь? PSCO: You know, officer, your vessel is polluting the harbour waters. You'll have to pay a heavy fine. OOW: Простите, инспектор, но я не могу согласиться с ва шим утверждением, если вы имеете в виду то нефтя ное пятно. Кстати, мы сообщили о нем портовым властям, и я сделал соответствующую запись в судо вом журнале. PSCO: Then how did it appear near you vessel? OOW: Я думаю, что это нефтяное пятно прибило к борту нашего судна ветром и течением. PSCO: Are you sure of that? OOW: Конечно, уверен. Наше оборудование находится в полном порядке и исключает возможность слива в море нефтесодержащих вод. Кстати, только вчера один из ваших офицеров осматривал его. PSCO: Then we'll take samples from the surface around the vessel and from your tanks to settle the problem. OOW: Это ваше право. Я же должен сообщить об этом ка питану. II. PSCO: Good afternoon! I am a port inspector. OOW: Доброе утро, инспектор. Я вахтенный помощник. Добро пожаловать на наше судно. PSCO: Thank you. I'd like to remind you of some Port Regula tions. OOW: Да, я внимательно вас слушаю.
100 PSCO: Please mind that any discharge and escape of oil from the vessel is liable to penalty up to 25000 dollars. OOW: Да, понятно. PSCO: Besides our regulations absolutely prohibit dumping garbage and galley refuse. OOW: Конечно, мы знаем эти правила. У нас имеются спе циальные приемники для их хранения. PSCO: That's good, officer. By the way, we have some garbage boats in the port. You may order one of them at time convenient to remove those filled drums with tight- fitting lids from your vessel in exchange for the empty ones at 10 dollars per each drum. OOW: Спасибо за информацию, инспектор. Я думаю, мы воспользуемся вашим советом. III. Harbour Control М/1 "Galaxy". This is Harbour Control. I have located you on my radar. You are spilling oil into the sea. Stop your vessel and oil spilling immediately. Over. Motor-tanker Порт-контроль. Говорит танкер Тэлэкси". Я ос танавливаю судно, но я не могу остановить утечку. Прием. НС М/1 "Galaxy". This is Harbour Control. Report the cause of spillage. Over. m/t Порт-контроль. Говорит танкер "Гэлэкси". Причина разлива неизвестна. Причина разлива выясняется. Прием. НС M/t "Galaxy". This is Harbour Control. Roger. What kind of assistance is required? Over. m/t Порт-контроль. Говорит танкер "Гэлэкси". Мне тре буется помощь по очистке. Прием. НС М/1 "Galaxy". This is Harbour Control. Roger.I am send ing an oil skimmer with an oil clearance team. Stay in the vicinity of pollution and co-operate with the oil clearance team. Over. nVt Порт-контроль. Говорит танкер "Гэлэкси". Понял. Я остаюсь в районе загрязнения и буду содействовать команде по очистке. Прием.
101 НС M/t "Galaxy". This is Harbour Control. Roger. Nothing more. Out. Securite, Securite, Securite. This is Harbour Control. Oil clearance operation near m/t "Galaxy" in position bearing 117° distance 3.1 miles from B. Lighthouse. Wide berth requested. Out.
VII. Say it in English. I. Здравствуйте, инспектор. Капитан поручил мне показать вам наше оборудование по предотвращению загрязнения моря. Для этой цели у нас есть соответствующее оборудование, кото рое, в частности, включает систему фильтрации нефти, танки для нефтяных остатков, отстойный танк. Наше судно также ос нащено системой автоматического замера, регистрации и управления сбросом нефти. Вы можете убедиться, что оборудо вание находится в хорошем состоянии. Последний раз мы сбра сывали нефтесодержащие льяльные воды примерно неделю на зад. Соответствующая запись была внесена в журнал нефтяных операций. На судне есть сепаратор льяльных вод. Вот его свиде тельство. Пробы воды до и после сепарации берутся каждые 12 часов. Вы спрашиваете, ще наш план по борьбе с разливами. Вот, пожалуйста. У нас на судне имеется машина для перема лывания мусора и универсальная установка для сжигания от ходов. Поэтому промасленную ветошь и другой мусор мы сжи гаем. Об этом делаются соответствующие записи в специальном журнале. Если у вас больше нет вопросов, пройдемте в каюту капитана. II. Простите, инспектор, но капитана сейчас нет на судне. Он будет через час. Я не могу согласиться с вашим утверждением, что наше судно загрязняет акваторию порта. Наше судно имеет оборудование, исключающее возможность слива в море вод, со держащих нефть или нефтепродукты: оборудование для сепа-
102 рации нефтесодержащих вод, система фильтрации нефти, танк для нефтяных остатков и отстойный танк. Да, мы ведем журнал нефтяных операций. Последняя запись была сделана три дня назад. Кстати, вы можете осмотреть все сами. Я вызову вахтен ного механика, и он покажет все, что вас интересует. И, чтобы решить вопрос о загрязнении, вы можете взять пробу из одного из наших танков и сравнить ее с пробой, взятой с поверхности моря вокруг нашего судна. Я уверен, что наша система фильт рации работает хорошо. III. Конечно, инспектор, мне хорошо известно правило, соглас но которому запрещается выбрасывать в море пищевые отходы. Так как у нас есть специальные приемники для их хранения, то мы всегда храним их там. Мы никоща не выбрасываем пище вые отходы на акватории порта. Мы выбрасываем их за борт, только коща находимся на достаточном расстоянии от берега. Чтобы избежать недоразумения я бы хотел, чтобы вы сами ос мотрели наше оборудование для обработки мусора. Я имею в виду машину для перемалывания мусора и универсальную ус тановку для сжигания отходов. Прошу вас также просмотреть судовой журнал операций с мусором. Это не займет много вре мени. Кстати, капитан просил узнать, можно ли заказать в ва шем порту мусорную баржу для сбора мусора и пищевых отхо дов с нашего судна. Спасибо за информацию, инспектор. Мы непременно этим воспользуемся. IV. Обнаружил нефтяное пятно в точке простирается на се веро-восток. Держитесь в стороне от района. Конец связи. Я не могу опознать виновного в загрязнении. Виновный в загрязне нии скрылся из виду. Прием. Это большое нефтяное пятно около ста метров в диаметре. Прием. Пятно приблизительно в двух кабельтовых впереди нашего судна. Внешне оно чернова тое. Оно похоже на сырую нефть с мусором. Прием. Понял. Я готов действовать с командой по очистке. Прием. Да, приняты все меры, и соответствующее оборудование готово. Готовлюсь оказать помощь. Прием.
103 Some helpful words:
система автоматического замера, регистрации и управления сбросом нефти - an oil discharge monitoring and control system убедиться -to satisfy oneself машина для перемалывания мусора - a garbage grinder универсальная установка для сжигания отходов - a universal in cinerator ветошь - rags
VIII. Develop the following role play situations. Guidelines on role play. Situation: 1) aboard a vessel lying alongside a berth in a foreign port; 2) aboard a vessel at sea. Main roles: 1) port state control officer/port radio station operator; 2) officer of the watch. Attitudes: official, business-like. Notions: asking smb for things or to do things, asking for details and clarification; giving detailed and short answers; making assess ment and remarks.
Situation I. Checking up the Vessel's Equipment
Role card A Role card В You are the OOW. Your Master You are the inspector of the has charged you to show the Port Marine Pollution Control. inspector your vessel's equip You are aboard some vessel to ment for preventing marine examine her equipment for pollution. Show him the oily marine pollution prevention. mixture separating equipment, The watch officer shows you the oil-filtering system, the everything you want to see. tanks for oil residues and a slop You find the vessel's equip tank. The equipment is in good ment to be in good order. You order. Answer the inspector's want to know if they have got questions and show him the en an oil content meter, about the tries in the Oil Record Book and last oily bilge water discharge,
104 your shipboard oil pollution how often they take water emergency response plan. If the samples before and after the inspector has any remarks, note separator, what they do with them down. At the end of the their garbage and rubbish inspection show him to the when at sea. You also want to master's cabin. see their Oil Record Book and SOPEP. Remind the watch of ficer that the validity period of their bilge water separator cer- tificate will expire in a week.
Situation II. Oil Slick Problem
Role card A Role card В You are the Watch Officer. You are the Port Marine Pollu Greet the Port inspector and tion Control inspector. You explain why he cannot see your have come aboard the vessel Master now. Do you best to not far from which you notice prove that your vessel has a slick of fuel oil. The master nothing to do with the oil slick of the vessel is out and you found not far from your vessel. have to discuss the problem Tell that your vessel is well pro with the watch officer. You vided with appropriate equip want to know what marine ment to prevent marine pollu pollution prevention equip tion. Suggest that the inspector ment they have. As it is your should make an inspection duty to check all possible round on your vessel just to see sources of pollution you want that there are no traces of to inspect their oily water spilled or leaked oil there. In separator, sludge incinerator, form him that the watch engi to take samples from the tanks neer will accompany him and and check contents of the slop will show your vessel's Oil Re tank. You also want to see the cord Book and SOPEP. Share entries of their Oil Record your opinion of a possible Book and SOPEP. Ask the source of the slick with the in Watch Officer if anyone can spector. accompany you during the in spection. Thank the Watch Of ficer for his assistance.
105 Situation III. Garbage Problem
Role card A Role card В You are the Watch Officer. The You are the Port Marine Pollu Inspector accuses your vessel of tion Control Inspector. You polluting the harbour. Inform have come aboard the vessel him that you strictly observe near which there is much Utter the Port Regulations. Tell that floating. You accuse them of you are sure that your vessel is dumping their garbage in the not guilty and you think the lit port waters. You want to ter drifted alongside your ves know what they do with the sel due to the wind and current. garbage when in port and at Answer the Inspector's ques sea. TeU the Watch Officer tions and offer him to check the about garbage boats available entries in your Garbage Record in your port. They may order Book and your garbage equip one at any time convenient to ment. Don't forget to thank the take away their filled recepta Inspector for the information cles in exchange for the empty about the port garbage boats. ones at fifteen doUars each.
Situation IV. Reporting about Oil Spill at Sea
Role card A Role card В You are the Watch Officer. You You are the Shore Radio Sta have located oil spill in position tion Operator. You receive ... extending .... Report about message about an oil spill at this oil spiU by VHF. The Shore sea. Acknowledge the infor Radio Station Operator contacts mation and ask if the vessel you and asks questions con can identify the poUuter, how cerning the poUuter and the oil big the sUck is, how far it is sUck. Answer aU his questions from the vessel, what type of in details and acknowledge the oil it is. Inform that you are information received. Inform sending an oil clearance team. the operator that you have Request them to stay in the vi taken aU measures against fire, cinity of poUution and co explosion and poUution. Say operate with the oil clearance that aU necessary equipment is team. Ask if they have taken ready for use. measures against fire, explo-
106 sion and pollution and if their relevant equipment is ready for use. Thank the motor ves sel for co-operation and re quest them to contact you as soon as the oil clearance operation is finished. Warn the vessels in the vicinity of the pollution area to give it a wide berth.
IX. Act out the following situations using as many as possible words and word combinations learnt in this unit I. Вы вахтенный помощник. На ваше судно, которое стоит в иностранном порту, пришел инспектор службы безопасности морской среды. Поздоровайтесь с ним, представьтесь и предло жите свою помощь. Инспектор хочет осмотреть ваше судовое оборудование по предотвращению загрязнения морской среды. По поручению капитана покажите инспектору все оборудование, которое он хочет увидеть (систему фильтрации нефти, оборудование по сепарации нефтесодержащих вод, танки для нефтяных остат ков, отстойный танк и т. д.). Инспектора интересует, как часто вы делаете пробы воды до и после сепаратора. Он хочет знать, когда пошедний раз вы сбрасывали нефтесодержащие льяль- ные воды и что вы делаете с судовым мусором и пищевыми от ходами. Ответьте на все вопросы инспектора и покажите ему журнал нефтяных операций и судовой план по борьбе с разли вами. Инспектор видит, что все оборудование находится в хо рошем состоянии, но напоминает вам о необходимости про длить срок действия свидетельства сепаратора льялъных вод, т. к. он истекает через несколько дней. По окончании осмотра предложите инспектору пройти в каюту капитана. II. Вы вахтенный помощник. На ваше судно, которое стоит в иностранном порту, пришел инспектор службы безопасности
107 морской среды. Приветствуйте его, представьтесь и, так как ка питан будет не раньше чем через час, предложите ему свою по мощь. Инспектор обвиняет ваше судно в загрязнении акватории порта. Он обнаружил нефтяное пятно у борта вашего судна. Поскольку вы не согласны с его заявлением, постарайтесь убе дить инспектора соответствующими фактами и наддежащими документами, что ваше судно не имеет никакого отношения к этому нефтяному пятну. Предложите инспектору осмотреть ваше судовое оборудование и взять пробы из ваших танков и с нефтяного пятна. Выясните, когда будут готовы результаты анализов. III. Вы вахтенный помощник. Инспектор службы безопасности морской среды считает, что ваше судно виновно в загрязнении акватории порта мусором. Выразите ваше несогласие с его за мечанием. Расскажите, что у вас на судне имеется оборудование для обработки мусора (машина для перемалывания мусора и универсальная установка для сжигания отходов). Мусор вы храните в специальных приемниках. Предложите инспектору осмотреть ваше оборудование по обработке и хранению мусо ра. Покажите ему журнал операций с мусором. Узнайте у ин спектора о возможности заказать мусорную баржу для сбора мусора и пищевых отходов. Поблагодарите его за предостав ленную информацию.
IV. Вы вахтенный помощник. Вы обнаружили нефтяное пятно в открытом море. Сообщите об этом по радио всем судам. Берего вая радиостанция подтверждает ваше сообщение и задает во просы относительно размеров пятна, его удаленности от вашего судна, на что оно похоже. Ее интересует информация о винов нике загрязнения. Дайте подробные ответы на все вопросы бе реговой станции и подтвердите полученную информацию о том, что вы остаетесь в районе загрязнения и будете действовать с командой по очистке акватории.
108 Part III. Emergency Situations
Unit I. Emergency Organization
I. Read the text, paying attention to the pronunciation of the fol lowing words: emergency [i'm3:d39nsi] - авария circumstance ['saiksmst^ns] - обстоятельства eventuality [^ventju'aeliti] - возможность, случайность hazard ['haezad] - опасность squad [skwod] - команда, зд. партия, команда procedure [pr3'si:djb(r)] - процедура contingency [ksn'tindsansi] - вероятность to be governed by - находиться под руководством vigilant ['vid3ibnt] - бдительный framework [freimw3:k] - общая схема effort ['efot] - усилие to respond to - зд. нести ответственность to rest with - зд. быть возложенным на ... emergency headquarters - аварийный штаб ditching - вынужденная посадка на воду (вертолета)
The ship's emergency organization comprises all members of the ship's company who will be directly involved in responding to a general emergency. The emergency organization is centered on an emergency squad which comprises a number of selected officers and ratings and which take any action necessary and possible to deal with an emer gency. Shipboard Emergency procedure must cover two main eventu alities: - the organization of personnel to bring under control any hazard ous contingency that exists within, or in the vicinity of, the ship. -The organization of personnel to abandon the ship, where con trol of the shipboard hazard cannot be regained and the ship has to be abandoned to preserve the safety of life.
109 It is essential that if either of these eventualities occur all person nel on board respond to the emergency in an efficient and calm manner in accordance with clearly muster list. On board every vessel there is a muster list. This will tell you ex actly what your position is during an emergency situation. It wiH also indicate which equipment you have to use during this emergency. Before the vessel will depart or at least within 24 hours after departure you will have to know your position on the muster list. This will be tested by means of a drill. Emergency situations and unexpected situations can be divided in four groups: incident, accident, damage, emergency. All emer gency situations and unexpected situations can effect the following: personnel, ship, shore environment. Selected personnel will be assigned to special duties. Their ac tions will largely be governed by the circumstances. Emergency squad will normally consist of the following person nel: 1. Chief officer 2. 2nd Engineer 3. 2nd officer 4. 3rd engineer 5.3rd officer 6. Bosun 7. - 10. Selected deck hands and engine-room ratings. The chief officer and the 2nd Engineer will always be Nos 1 and 2 of the emergency squad, with the chief officer normally in charge when tackling emergency outside of the engine room and the sec ond engineer taking charge of emergencies within the machinery spaces. The final composition of the emergency squad will always rest with the master Nos 3-10 will be chosen from the suitable officers and ratings. The emergency squad must be chosen so that at least four officers are available to muster at the emergency headquarters at any given time. An Emergency headquarters is to be designated in all ships ex cept on small ships with small crews, where the Company has agreed that an Emergency Headquarters is not required. It is the mustering station for the Emergency squad (team) and contains
110 emergency equipment for use by the Emergency squad. The Emer gency headquarters should preferably have a direct access to the open deck. The OOW is likely to be the first person to know when some thing has gone wrong. The OOW must therefore know what to do to anticipate and respond to emergencies and know who is the duty engineer and how he can be contacted. Within this framework the OOW will have a key role to play: being the first point of contact to raise the alarm keeping a vigilant lookout to ensure the ship does not get into difficulties whilst the command function is preoccupied with the emergency. Communication i. e. relaying telephone and walkie-talkie messages as appropriate. Situations which are considered general emergencies are many and varied and may include any of the following: a) spillage of petroleum cargo b) fire in cargo area c) fibre in machinery spaces or control room d) fire in accommodation or store room spaces e) person(s) overcome by toxic gas or anoxia f) man overboard g) collision h) grounding i) helicopter crash or ditching Machinery or control system alarms are not normally considered to be general emergencies and the emergency station signal should only be sounded if a mechanical or control system failure has re sulted, or may result in a general emergency. The signal for a general emergency is the continious sounding of the emergency alarms accompanied by four long blasts on the ship's whistle. The best way to prepare for emergencies is to practice them through drills and exercises. Having experienced what to do there is considerably less chance that the crew will feel panic. Drills should be as realistic as possible, but it must be remem bered that many injuries occur during drills which have not be care fully planned with detailed scenarios prepared. Under many ad ministrations, musters and drills are mandatory. However, to maximise their usefulness particular effort should be put into these
111 drills rather than simple attendance. Qear mustering arrangements should be estabUshed fire parties, breathing apparatus (BA) parties and other relevant equipment be identified and their use practised.
II. Look through the text and find English equivalents of the fol lowing word combinations:
аварийная организация; аварийная партия; справиться с авари ей; привести (поставить) под контроль любой опасный случай; реагировать на аварию; особые усилия; четкие указания по сбору.
III. Give answers to the questions.
1. Who does the ship's organization comprise? 2. Where is the emergency organization centered? 3. How many eventualities must the Shipboard Emergency pro cedure cover? Name them. 4. In what way should the personnel respond to the emergency? 5. Is the muster list an essential document? Why? 6. Within what period after departure should the personnel know everybody's position on the muster list? 7. What groups can the Emergency situations be divided into? 8. Who does the Emergency squad consist of? 9. Who win be Nos 1 and 2 of the emergency squad? 10. What emergency area is the chief officer in charge of? nd 11. What area is the 2 Engineer in charge of? 12. What is the main principle of the final composition of the emer gency squad? 13. Are Emergency headquarters to be designated in all ships? 14. What is the primary duty of the OOW in case of Emergency? 15. Why will the OOW have a key role to play in the Emergency situation?
112 IV. Correct the false statements. Which of these statements are true according to the text?
1. The emergency organization is centered on an emergency squad. 2. An emergency squad consists of all officers and ratings avail able on board ship. 3. The organization of personnel must be under control of any hazardous contingency within the vicinity or on board ship. 4. In case of emergency only selected personnel will respond to the emergency. 5. A muster list will tell you exactly what your position is during an emergency situation. 6. A muster list will not indicate which equipment you have to use during this emergency. 7. Selected personnel will be assigned to special duties. 8. The final composition of the emergency squad will rest on with the chief officer. 9. At least four officers will be available to muster at the emer gency headquarters at any given time. 10. The Emergency headquarters should have a direct access to the open deck. 11. The OOW must know what to do and respond to emergency, who is the duty engineer and how he can be contacted. 12. Drills and exercises is the best practice for preparing to respond to the emergencies. 13. Under many administrations, musters and drills are not man datory. 14. Clear mustering arrangements should be established and the use of the relevant equipment should be properly practised.
113 V. Study the Emergency Organization Chart and tell about the Emergency Organization on board.
Emergency Organization Chart BRIDGE MASTER THIRD OFFICER HELMSMAN (AB)
SPEIAL DUTIES RADIO ROOM CHIEF ENGINEER RADIO OFFICER ELECTRICIAN | FIRST AID & SUPPORT SQUAD EMERGENCY SQUAD PROVISION SQUAD DECK CADET 1. CHIEF OFFICER CHIEF STEWARD/COOK 2. 2nd ENGINEER + nd STEWARD ENGINE CADET 3. 2 OFFICER rd STEWARD FITTER 4. 3 ENGINEER + АВ/ OR JUNIOR ENG. STEWARD OS 5. BOSUN 6. PUMPMAN 7. GREASER 8. AB 9. OS
VI. Speak on the Emergency Squad, using information from the previous exercise,
VII. Read and translate about the Duties of the Support squad and First Aid and Provision squad.
Support Squad
The support squad will be in charge (подчинен) of a deck officer and its main duties will be to: - supply extra equipment to the emergency squad - provide extra (or substitute) manpower - form additional hose parties if instructed - conduct boundary cooling or boundary starvation as directed - prepare lifeboats and liferafts if required Thus the main function of this squad will be to provide support and back up for the emergency squad.
114 The support squad will muster at a nominated spot adjacent to the lifeboats and close to a suitable means of communication with the bridge.
First Aid and Provisions Squad
The squad will comprise all members of the catering staff in charge of the chief steward/cook and will muster outside the hospital. The main duties will be the transportation and care of casualties, and the supply of extra water and blankets to the lifeboats.
VIII. Answer the questions below.
1. What are the main duties of a support squad? 2. Where will the support squad muster? 3. Who are the members of the first aid and provision squad? 4. What are the duties of the first aid and provision squad?
IX. Be ready to speak on OOWs responsibilities in emergency situations.
Unit II. Man Overboard
I. Read the given text, translate it and be ready to answer the questions below the text. The following words will be helpful:
man overboard - человек за бортом to fall overboard - упасть за борт to raise an alarm - поднимать тревогу to throw a lifebuoy - сбросить спасательный круг a spare life jacket for the casualty - лишний спасательный жилет для пострадавшего to release a lifebuoy - открепить спасательный круг to put the engine "at stand-by" - перевести машину на режим ма невренного хода to go to accident boat stations - проследовать к дежурным спаса тельным шлюпкам
115 to operate the searchlight - управлять прожектором regardless of - независимо от
The signal for man overboard is the same as that for emergency stations. The action to be taken will be similar regardless of whether a person has fallen overboard from your own ship, or a person from another vessel or craft is seen already in the water. Anyone seeing a person in the water should immediately throw a lifebuoy and raise the alarm. The emergency squad will muster at the emergency headquar ters and then proceed in to the lifeboat. Life jackets will be worn by the boat crew and a spare life jacket will be carried for the casualty. The chief officer will take charge of lowering the boat. A deck of ficer wOl be in charge of the boat. An engineer will be in charge of the boat engine. The boat's crew will be members of the emergency squad. The following procedures should be adopted by the officer of the watch in the event of a man overboard: 0 a) Commence the Williamson turn or 60 °-60 turn b) Release a lifebuoy from the bridge wing on the side the per son has fallen overboard or sighted c) Sound emergency station signal d) Post two look-outs with binoculars e) Put the engines at stand-by below and inform the engine room f) Instruct the emergency squad to go to accident boat stations g) If at night, arrange for an extra man to operate the search light or signalling lamp.
1. What signal is usually given for man overboard procedure? 2. Are the actions to be taken similar or different when the person has fallen from your own ship, or from another ship? 3. When should anyone seeing a person in the water throw a life buoy and raise the alarm? 4. Who will muster at the emergency headquarters? 5. Where will the members of the emergency squad proceed? 6. Who will take charge of lowering the boat? 7. Who will be in charge of the boat?
116 8. Who will be in charge of the boat engine? 9. How many life jackets will be worn by the boat crew? 10. What procedure should be adopted by the officer of the watch in the event of a man overboard?
11. Look through the text again, copy out the procedure in the event of man overboard and learn it
III. Complete the given instructions. Consult the text if necessary.
- Commence the Williamson turn or ... - Release the lifebuoys ... - Sound the... - Post... - Put the engines at... - Instruct the emergency squad ... - If at night, arrange for ...
IV. Tell your groupmate about the procedure in the event of man overboard.
V. Look at the picture. Learn the parts of the lifeboat.
1. Gripes (найтовы) 2. Winch brake (тормоз лебедки) 3. Bowsing tackles (оттяжки) 4. Tricing pendant (подвесной конец) 5. Seinhouse slip (глаголь-гак) 6. Harbour safety pin (стопор)
117 VT. Read and learn the lifeboat's instruction.
1. Rig toggle painter. Разнести носовой фалинь и за крепить на главной палубе. 2. Check that drainage plug is Проверить (ввернуть) пробки. in. 3. Release all gripes. Отдать найтовы. 4. Release all harbour safety Отдать стопора. pins. 5. Check that overside area Убедитесь, что ничто не мешает clear from any obstruc спуску шлюпки (найтовы, фали tions. ни). 6. Lower lifeboat to the em Опустить шлюпку до посадоч barkation deck. ной палубы. 7. Secure bowsing tackles. Закрепить прижимные концы. 8. Board the lifeboat. Посадка членов экипажа. 9. Let go tricing pendants. Отдать подвесные концы. 10. Let go bowsing ['bauzirj] Отдать прижимные концы. tackles. 11. Lower lifeboat into water Спустить шлюпку на воду и про and embark launching извести посадку оставшейся ко crew. манды. 12. Unhook falls and let go Отдать гаки и носовой фалинь. toggle painter.
VII. Match the verbs with appropriate names of the rigging to make instructions.
1. Rig... a) bowsing tackles. 2. Check that... is in b) gripes 3. Release all... c) the embarkation deck. 4. Lower lifeboat to/ ... d) toggle painter. 5. Secure ... e) falls and ... toggle painter. 6. Lower lifeboat into ... and f) water ... launching crew embark. 7. Let go ... g) tricing pendants. 8. Board the ... h) lifeboat.
118 9. Unhook ... i) drainage plug, 10. Check that overside j) harbour safety pins, k) clear from any obstruc tions.
VIII. Read the dialogue, translate it and be ready to act it out.
Dialogue Man Overboard Keeping a watch at sea the OOW sees a man in the water. He imme diately reports about it to the Master.
OOW: Hello, Master! This is OOW speaking. I have sighted a man overboard on our starboardside. Master: Inform the engine room to stop engine. I'll be on the bridge soon. OOW: Yes, I will. The Master is on the bridge Master: Commence the Williamson turn. Post two lookouts with binoculars and proceed to the lifeboats. Ch/O All the boatcrew of No2 lifeboat have mustered. Every body wears life jackets. 3d-officer, check all life jackets fittings and belongings. Get ready for releasing. Don't forget to have a spare life jacket for a casualty. OOW is speaking over the walkie-talkie. OOW: Master, engine is stopped. Speed 6 knots. The man has just been found. Lifebuoy has been thrown down. The casualty is rescued. He is O.K. We are coming back.
IX. Match the English instructions for launching lifeboats with their Russian equivalents.
1. Rig toggle painter. 1. Отдать стопора. 2. Check that drainage plug is 2. Опустить шлюпку до посадоч in. ной палубы. 3. Release all gripes. 3. Закрепить прижимные концы.
119 4. Release all harbour pins. 4. Проверить (ввернуть) пробки. 5. Check that overside clear 5. Отдать найтовы. from any obstructions. 6. Lower lifeboat to the 6. Посадка членов экипажа. embarkation deck. 7. Secure bowsing tackles. 7. Отдать подвесные концы. 8. Board the lifeboat. 8. убедитесь, что ничто не меша ет спуску шлюпки (найтовы, фалиня). 9. Let go tricing pendants. 9. Отдать прижимные концы. 10. Let go bowsing tackles. 10. Отдать гаки и носовой фалинь. 11. Lower the lifeboat into wa 11. Разнести носовой фалинь и за ter and embark launching крепить на главной палубе. crew. 12. Unhook falls and let go tog 12. Спустить шлюпку на воду и gle painter. произвести посадку оставшей ся команды.
X. Put the lifeboat launching instructions in the correct order.
1. Board the lifeboat. 2. Check that drainage plug is in. 3. Check that overside clear from any obstructions. 4. Let go bowsing tackles. 5. Let go tricing pendants. 6. Lower lifeboat into water and embark launching crew. 7. Lower lifeboat to the embarkation deck. 8. Release all gripes. 9. Release all harbour safety pins. 10. Rig toggle painter. 11. Secure bowsing tackles. 12. Unhook falls and let go toggle painter.
(
120 XL Fill in the boxes with appropriate words, indicating the parts of the lifeboat.
XII. Look at the picture and learn the main parts of the life raft
1, Painter (Линь) 2.Slip-hook ^"y^totlcrelease (Гид 0Стат Глаголь-гак) Р >
121 XIII. Read the life raft instructions and learn them.
1. Release the slip-hook. RE 1. Отдайте гак. ПОМНИ!!! - MEMBER!!! - The painter Линь должен быть закреп must be fastened on board. лен на борту. 2. Remove the raft from the cra 2. Снимите плот с лотка и dle and throw overboard. сбросьте за борт. 3. Haul in the painter to the ap 3. Вытравите около 25 м линя, proximate length of 25 mtrs, затем резко дерните, и плот then give a sharp pull and the надуется. raft will inflate. 1 Ъеиоге tne rafift\o tne snipes 4. Закрепите плот у борта суд side, then jump onto or swim на, затем прыгайте в него out to it. или около. 5. Use the rescue line with a 5. Добравшиеся помогают ос quoit to board the raft. тальным, используя спаса тельный линь с кольцом. 6. When all are on board cut the 6. Когда все в плоту, обрежьте painter (the knife is placed in линь, соединяющий с суд the raft). ном (нож находится в снаб жении плота). 7. Throw out the sea anchor. 7. Сбросьте в воду гшавучий якорь.
122 XIV. Match the verbs with appropriate words indicating the rig ging of the life raft.
1. Release the... a) sea anchor 2. The ... must be fastened on board. b) raft 3. Remove the ... from the cradle c) overboard 4. Throw ... d) painter 5. Haul in ... to the approximate e) a sharp pull length of 25 mtrs f) the rescue line with a 6. Give a ... and the raft will inflate quoit to board the raft 7. Secure ... to the ship's side g) the slip-hook 8. Use ... to board the raft 9. Cut the... 10. Throw out the ...
XV. Match the English instructions for launching the life raft with their Russian equiva lents.
1. Haul in the painter to the ap Отдайте гак. Помни: - линь proximate length of 25 mtrs. должен быть закреплен на борту. 2. Release the slip-hook. Re 2. Снимите плот с лотка и member! - The painter must сбросьте за борт. be fastened on board. 3. Remove the raft from the cra 3. Вытравите около 25 м линя, dle and throw overboard. затем резко дерните, и плот надуется. 4. Secure the raft to the ship's 4. Закрепите плот у борта суд side, then jump onto or swim на, затем прыгайте в него или out to it. около. 5. Throw out the sea anchor. 5. Добравшиеся помогают ос тальным, используя спаса тельный линь с кольцом. 6. Use the rescue line with 6. Коща все в плоту, обрежьте quoit to board the raft. линь, соединяющий с судном (нож находится в снабжении плота).
123 7. When all are on board cut the 7. Сбросьте в воду плавучий painter (the knife is placed in якорь. the raft).
XVI. Give life raft launching instructions to your groupmate.
XVII. Fill in the boxes with appropriate words.
painter
hydrostatic release
slip-hook
i.C • 2. С • з.С •
XVIII. Check whether you know the following life-saving appli ances.
1) buoyant smoke signal - плавучая дь!мовая шашка 2) cork life jacket - пробковый спасательный жилет 3) davit - шлюп-балка 4) free-fall lifeboat - капсула, спасательная шлюпка свободного па дения 5) hand flare - (ручной) фальшфейер 6) immersion suit - гидрокостюм 7) rescue boat - дежурная шлюпка 8) rigid life raft - спасательный плот жесткой конструкгщи 9) rocket parachute flare - ракета с парашютом
124 10) thermal protective aid - средство тепловой защиты 11) totally enclosed lifeboat - полностью закрытая спасательная шлюпка
XIX. Match pictures with the life-saving appliances listed below.
1) buoy ant smoke signal 2) cork life jacket 3) davit 4) free-fall lifeboat 5) hand flare 6) immersion suit 7) inflatable life jacket 8) inflatable life raft 9) lifebuoy 10) open lifeboat 11) rescue boat 12) rigid life raft 13) rocket parachute flare 14) thermal protective aid 15) totally enclosed lifeboat
13
125 Unit III. Fire-Fighting Organization - General
I. Read and translate the given text on fire-fighting organization. The following words will be helpful: confirmation j^konfa'meij^n] - подтверждение assembly point |Vsembli point] - место сбора fireman's outfit - пожарное оснащение to pressurize ['prejbraiz] - оказывать давление to be trapped (in) - оказаться отрезанным (огнем) lighting persons - зд. освещение лиц unaccounted - зд. неучтенный (неподсчитанный) arrangement drawing - планы помещений access ['aekses] - зд. подход escape - выход damper - пожарные заслонки reconnaissance [n'kDnis(3)ns] team/party - разведгруппа storage position of refills - место приема топлива shut-off valves - запорные клапаны ventilation fan - вентилятор
Ship fire-fighting organization is centered on the control station which will be on the bridge and in charge of the master. The fire officer/officers will report to the bridge and receive in structions. The information which central control requires, includes: - the time at which the fire alarm was given; - the position and nature of the fire; - confirmation that fire parties are at their assembly points and that the fireman's outfits are available; - confirmation that the fire main is pressurized; - report on initial attempts to extinguish fire using portable ex tinguishers; - report on effect of fire on services, e. g. lighting; - persons present or trapped in compartments or unaccounted for e. g. lighting persons present or trapped in compartments or tmaccounted for. The information which should be available on the bridge:
126 - arrangement drawings, in a convenient size, of ship, engine room and accommodation; - details of accesses and escapes from the different zones of the ship; - details of fire extinguishing equipment, fixed and portable, for entire ship, including storage position of refills; - stability information; - survival equipment and where it is stored; - storage signs; - information on dangerous goods. The Organization of Fire Parties. The duty of each fire party, including the reconnaissance team equipped with portable fire extinguishers and fire hose team, is to help. Search and first-aid team and technical team will deal with checking lifts, closing fire dampers, controlling ventilation fans and fuel shut-off valves, starting emergency generator and emergency fire pump and with refilling used extinguishers as required and preparing for gas flooding.
II. Give English equivalents to:
сконцентрирована; под руководством капитана; характер по жара; подтверждение; противопожарная партия; место сбора; пожарное оснащение в рабочем состоянии; пожарная магист раль находится под давлением; первые попытки; лица, оказав шиеся отрезанными в отсеках или пропавшие; планы помеще нии; подходы; выходы; спасательное оборудование; пожарные заслонки; разведгруппа; вентиляционные заглушки; запорные клапаны.
III. Answer the questions given below:
1. Where is the ship fire-fighting organization centered? 2. Who is in charge of the fire-fighting organization? 3. What information does the central control require? 4. Are the fireman's outfits available at the assembly points? 5. What information should be available on the bridge? 6. What is the duty of the fire party? 7. What is the duty of the fire hose party?
127 IV. Fill in the blanks with correct forms of the given verbs.
to center to extinguish to require to be to give to store
Ship fire-fighting organization ... on the control station which will be on the bridge. The information which central control ... must include the time at which the fire alarm was .... Report on initial attempts ... fire. Arrangement drawings in a convenient size should ... available. The information on survival equipment and where it ... should be available on the bridge.
V. Read and translate the text. The following words and word combinations will help you.
to contain fire - локализовать пожар to implement - выполнять to cancel - отменять investigation - анализ, расследование
PROCEDURES FOR FIRE FIGHTING Ship at Sea 1. When the fire alarm is given, the fire and emergency stations pro cedures are put into effect, including the following: - the crew assembles at the designated fire stations as given on muster list; - the fire parties assemble on orders from bridge and carry out their tasks aimed at containing the fire; - the ship's course and speed are altered as necessary to assist in containing the fire; - pumps are prepared to dispose of extinguishing water; - with engine room fires, the ship is stopped; - the Master decides the most appropriate method for fighting the fire and this is implemented by the fire officer;
128 - with engine room fires, early preparations are made to launch lifeboats. 2. The master controls the fire-fighting operations from the bridge as indicated above. 3. When the fire is extinguished, a fire-watch is kept, emergency sta tions requirement is cancelled and an investigation into the fire is begun. Ship in Port 1. When the fire alarm is given, the fire and emergency stations pro cedures are put into effect. 2. The following additional procedures must be added: - call the port fire brigade; - inform the appropriate authority; - confirm that the master will remain in overall charge of the ship; - confirm that the fire brigade will take charge of the fire- fighting operations assisted by the crew as required; - confirm that the port authority will keep the Master informed of any hazards to the dock installation and any actions re quired; - check who is on board; - make preparations for ship to leave port if required either by own power or by tugs; - evacuate non-essential personnel. 3. When the fire is extinguished, a fire watch is kept, the emergency station requirement is cancelled and an investigation into the fire is begun.
VI. Decide which party performs which duty. Some helpful words and word combinations:
backup - замена foam blanket - слой пены to tackle outbreak of fixe - справиться с возгоранием water spray cover - водяная завеса to effect rescue - осуществлять спасение; спасти wire cutters - кусачки crow bar - лом
129 1) emergency squad 1. makes the first estimation of the extent of fire 2) reconnaissance party 2. is envolved in responding to a general emergency 3) search and first-aid 3. provides support and backup for party = (first-aid and the emergency squad provision squad) 4. supplies additional equipment, 4) support squad (party) prevents spread of fire 5. searches for missing and injured 5) foam party persons 6. starts foam system when in 6) fire hose party structed, lays a foam blanket over the deck and helicopter 7) rescue party 7. stands by with portable extin guishers to tackle small outbreaks of fire 8) store party 8. provides water spray cover for heUcopter and rescue party 9) fire party 9. approaches heUcopter, wearing protective clothing to effect rescue using axe, wire cutters, crow bar
VII. Learn the minimum outfit of fire-fighting equipment.
1) self-contained compressed air breathing apparatus САВА - ав тономный дыхательный аппарат 2) additional cylinders of compressed air - дополнительные баллоны с сжатым воздухом 3) lifelines for САВА - страховочный линь для дыхательного аппарата 4) cylinder test gauge - манометр на баллоне 5) rescue resuscitator - аппарат для реанимации, реаниматор 6) rechargeable safety lamps - аккумуляторные фонари
130 7) insulated fire axes - изолированные пожарные топоры 8) hard hats - каски 9) international shore connection - фланец международного стандарта 10) fire hoses - пожарные шланги 11) jet/ spray nozzle - водометное сопло, водораспылитель 12) protective suit - защитньги костюм 13) fire bucket - пожарное ведро 14) fire blanket - кошма 15) smoke detector - дымоуловитель 16) fire extinguisher - огнетуптатель 17) sprinkler - распылитель 18) flashlight - сигнальный огонь, сигнальный фонарь 19) fixed fire-fighting installation - стационарная противопо жарная установка
VIII. Check if you are aware of emergency procedure. Choose the nec essary actions and arrange them in the correct order.
I. The central control requires the following information: 1) confirmation that fire parties are at their assembly points and that the fireman's outfits are available; 2) report on initial attempts to extinguish fire using portable ex tinguishers; 3) the time at which the fire alarm was given; 4) report on effect of fire on services; 5) persons present or trapped in compartments or unaccounted for; 6) the position and nature of the fire. II. The information, which should be available on the bridge: 1) stability information; 2) survival equipment and where it is stored; 3) storage sign; 4) information on dangerous goods; 5) arrangement drawings in convenient size of ship, engine room and accommodation.
131 III. Reporting fire 1) Telephone the navigating bridge. 2) Inform a member of the crew. 3) Call out, "Fire"! 4) Operate the nearest fire alarm.
IX. Check if you know fire-fighting equipment. Match the pictures with the corresponding names of fire-fighting equipment.
1) CABA (compressed air breath ing apparatus) 2) combustible gas indicator 3) fire axe 4) fire blanket 5) fire bucket 6) fire extinguisher 7) firehose 8) flashlight 9) fixed fire-fighting 10) jet 11) hard hat (helmet) 12) protective suit 13) smoke detector 14) sprinkler 15) spray nozzle
X. Speak on your actions as OOW in case of fire aboard the ship or in port.
132 Part IV. Record Keeping
I. Read the text The following words will help you to understand it better: stranding - посадка на мель to blame - обвинять unfounded - необоснованный sensible - разумный distraction - отвлечение (внимания) neat - четкий tidy - аккуратный occurrence - случай, явление, происшествие evident - очевидный to diminish - уменьшать, сокращать to postpone - откладывать data logger - регистратор данных to run out - заканчивать, иссякать to jot down - кратко записать
It is important that a proper, formal record of navigational activi ties and incidents, which are of importance to safety of navigation, is kept in appropriate logbooks. Ship records are the first items to be studied after an incident. If there is a stranding and an insurance claim, or an investigation by the flag State, inspectors will take the chart and log books, examine the standard of navigation and attempt to reconstruct the incident before deciding who is to blame or how much compensation to pay. Good record keeping in a well rim ship is a defence against un founded claims. Most log book entries are time dependent. When there is time it is sensible to write up the log book during the watch as events take place. It is always easier to do these tasks "little and often". When the OOW is very busy, writing up the log could be a distraction. In this case, keep a note book and write up the log after being relieved. All log entries should be neat and tidy. Entries are made for oth ers to read. If you make a mistake, cross out the entry with a single line, enter the corrected data above it and initial the correction.
133 Most log books are laid out in columns and time, weather, sea state, track, course steered, compass error, speed and positions are likely to have columns of their own. In narrow waters time of departure will be followed with entries like:-1015 Cleared breakwater; 1100 No4 Lt Buoy abeam to star board; 1125 Nol Lt Buoy 032°T x 2 miles Pilot away; 1140 Ram head 071 °T x 6 miles set course 023°T Full away. Thereafter, accurate alter course times, positions and new courses will need to be recorded. For further advice consult the Mas ter and company guidelines. The log should then record any unusual event, for example 1115 entered fog, called Master, radars on, engines on standby, COL- REGS observed. Similarly, entries for rain, heavy seas, and ice should be made. The bell book or movement book should include when the ship is underway and ceases to be underway, the name of the pilot, the name of the tugs, when they made fast and let go, all engine move ments, mooring status, use of anchors and any other unusual occur rences like a sudden squall, shipping water, navigating in reduced visibility, reduced speed in heavy weather and ship movement. Many ships now have data loggers which will only keep a record of engine movements. Invariably the paper record runs out at a critical period so the OOW should always have a note book to jot down the movements until after manoeuvring is complete and the recorder paper can be changed. Some ships are now being fitted with "black boxes" which record times, speed, rudder, the radar picture and voice communications. This considerably simplifies the OOW task of recording. When entering data the OOW should be guided by the follow ing:- the aim of collecting this data is to recreate an accurate "pic ture" of what happened. Nowadays more and more record keeping requirements are be ing put on ships, whilst their watchkeeping manning is diminishing. Record keeping can occupy a considerable time. The OOW must plan for this, aiming to do it little and often whilst never allowing it to become a distraction from the main task - which is to ensure the safe conduct of the vessel.
134 II. Read some practical tips on record keeping and decide if they are true or false. Correct the false statements.
1. Have the log book open in a convenient position and fill it in much and seldom. 2. In critical situations note times and priorities in a note book, to be entered into the log at the end of the watch. 3. If you make a mistake, rub it out or erase. 4. Ensure all logs and data loggers have paper and ink. 5. Keep the compass error book up to date. 6. Never postpone the general record keeping until after critical situations or until relieved.
III. Read the questions, then look through the text to find the an swers.
1. Why is it necessary to keep records of navigational activities and incidents? 2. How should records be kept? 3. Why must all log books be neat and tidy? 4. What information should be entered into the log book? 5. What should the OOW keep in mind when entering data in the log book?
IV. Work with your study partner and discuss your answers to the following questions.
1. Why is record keeping a necessary part of watchkeeping?
2. Where would you find guidance on what to enter in the ship's log?
3. Faced with heavy traffic and difficult navigation, how would you write up the log?
V. Study the following abbreviations. They are approved for use ei ther singly or together in log books.
135 А -aft - кормовой А.В. - able seaman - матрос первого класса А.Р. - aft part - кормовая часть а/с, А/С, А/Со -altered course - легли на курс, изменили курс а/р - as per - как требует abt - about - о, об Асе, асе. - according to - согласно Ah./Ahd/+ - ahead - вперед anch. - anchorage, anchor - якорная стоянка, якорь Arr - arrival/arrived - прибытие, прибыл Ast - astern - назад aut. - automatic - автоматический Av, av - average - средний Az - azimuth - азимут В - Beaufort Wind Scale - шкала Бофорта B.S.T. - bridge steering gear - рулевое устройство tested проверено Bar - barometer/s - барометр(ы) BB - Bell Book - регастрапионный журнал Brg,B - bearing - пеленг BSP - beginning of sea - начало рейса passage (перехода) ВТ - ballast tank - балластная система BW - breakwater - волнолом By -buoy - буй c&s - course and speed - курс и скорость C.O.P. - commence of passage - начало рейса/ перехода C.O.S.V. - Commence of sea ' - начало рейса voyage C/O, Ch/OFF - chief officer - старший помощник CC - Captain's command - команда капитана ch. - channel - канал com., comm. - commenced - начали сотр. - completed - закончен
136 d,D - distance дистанция, расстояние DBT -double bottom tank междудонный танк Dep - departure, depart отход, отходить disch. - discharging, discharge, выгрузка, discharged выгрузили Drun - distance run пройденное расстояние DW - deadweight грузовая (шкала) E.O.P. - end of passage конец (рейса) перехода E.O.S.P. - end of sea passage конец (рейса) перехода E.O.S.V. - end of sea voyage конец рейса E.O.V. - end of voyage конец рейса E/SON - echo sounder on эхолот включен Eng. - engine двигатель ER - engine room • машинное отделение F - fore • носовой F. Ah. - full ahead • полный вперед F.O. - fuel oil - тяжелое топливо, мазут F.W. - fresh water - пресная вода F.W.E. - finished with engine - отбой машине FFE - fire-fighting equipment - противопожарное оборудование FWD - forward - вперед G, GC - gyro compass - гирокомпас G'way - gangway - трап H. As. - half astern - средний назад H. -half - средний H. -hold -трюм Hrs -hours - часы Int'l - international - международный L/B - lifeboat - спасательная шлюпка load. - loading - погрузка LSA - life-saving appliances - спасательные средства Lth - lighthouse - маяк M - magnetic compass - магнитный компас M - middle (section/ -мидель frame); midship
137 m, mtrs - metres метры min - minute минута MO - Master's Order указание капитана mod'ly - moderately умеренно mt - metric ton(ne) метрическая тонна navig. - navigational навигагщонный ran - nautical miles морские мили NOR - notice of readiness извещение о готовности NUC - not under command не управляется O.B. - on board прибыл Obsd - observed увидел, обнаружил Oc. (3) - group occulting групповой затмевающий O'cast - overcast сплошная облачность P&S - port and starboard левый и правый P.A. - Pilot's advice рекомендация лоцмана P.S. - port side; левый борт; pilot station лоцманская станция Рб - port anchor, 6 chackles левый якорь, 6 смычек РОВ - pilot on board лоцман на борту posn - position • место, местоположение Pt -point •мыс R.F.W.E. - ring finished with engine • дать отбой машине R.S.B.E. - Ready Stand by engine - машина готова и находится на "товсь" S. Ah. - slow ahead - малый вперед S. Eng. - stop engine - машина застопорена s3 - starboard anchor, - правый якорь, 3 chackles 3 смычки SBE - stand by engine - машина на "товсь" shcls. - shackles - смычки Sig. - signal - сигнал Sign. Stn. - signal station - сигнальная станция Sp - speed - скорость St&S - Steering and Speed - курс и скорость
138 St.S. - starboard side - правый борт stbd./STBD/STB - starboard - правый Stn. - station - станция (T)/TR - true - истинный TSS - traffic separation scheme - система разделения движения икс - under keel clearance - глубина под килем v. - very - очень V/L - vessel - судно vis. - visibility - видимость W.P. - way point - путевая точка WBTs - water ballast tanks - цистерны водяного балласта W'ly - Westerly -западный - half speed - средний ход y4 - slow speed - малый ход Щ - dead slow ahead - самый малый вперед 1(FS) - full speed - полный ход 3/E - third engineer - третий механик
VT. Look through the following log book entries and their transla tion. Pay special attention to the abbreviations used.
EXAMPLES OF LOG BOOK ENTRIES
At sea
Fire round and safety inspection Произведены противопожар carried out. Compasses and ный обход и проверка безо courses checked. пасности судна. Компасы и курсы проверены. Compasses compared and Показания компасов сличены, courses checked. и курсы проверены. Fire round and safety checked, Противопожарный обход, maintained. безопасность проверена, под держивается. Observed gyro error -4°. Определена поправка гиро компаса -4°.
139 "St&S асе. PA&CC" (Steering Курс и скорость согласно сове and Speed according Pilot's ad там лоцмана и командам капи vice and Captain's command) тана. GPS ф = 37°55'0"N X = Место судна определено с по 000°11'3"E мощью спугаиковой системы навигации (SAT NAV-n) Lth "...", Brg = 002° (T), d = 5.8 Маяк"...", истинный пеленг 2°, nm, a/c to 254° (T), 256° (G), 260° дистанция 5,8 мор. мили, лег (M). ли на ИК = 254°, по гироком пасу - 256°, по магнитному - 260°. Lth "...", Brq = 058° (T), d = 7.1 Маяк"...", ИП = 58°, дистанция nm, a/c to 345° (T), 349° (G), 355° 7,1 мор. мили, легли на ИК = (M). 345°, по гирокомпасу - 349°, по магнитному - 355°. Lth J-*d = 2.0nm. Траверз маяка"..." справа, дистанция 2,0 мор. мили. V/L stopped due to eng. trou Судно остановлено из-за по bles. NUC signals exhibited a/p ломки судовой энергетической Int'l regulations. установки. Подняты сигналы "Мое судно не управляется", как это требует МППСС-72. Fire and boat drills carried out. Проведены учения по борьбе с Crew have been informed and пожаром и оставлению судна. instructed. Экипаж проинструктирован. Intermittent rain experienced На судно воздействует преры вистый дождь Intermittent heavy rain Сильный прерывистый дождь Frequent rain showers Ливневые дожди V/L pitching easily to slight seas Судно испытывает спокойную and swell килевую качку от небольшого волнения и зыби. V/L pitching and rolling easily Судно испытывает спокойную to rather rough head seas and килевую и бортовую качки от swell. довольно сильного встречного волнения и зыби.
140 1 V/L pitching mod ly and rolling Судно испытывает умеренную easily to moderate seas and килевую качку и бортовую от swell. слабой до умеренной на вол нении и зыби. V/L pitching mod'ly, at times Судно испытывает умеренную pounding to rough head seas, килевую качку, временами heavy W'ly swell слемминг от сильного встреч ного волнения и тяжелой зыби западного направления. Moderate sea, at times water Умеренное волнение, време over deck. Vis. very good. нами вода заливает палубу. Видимость очень хорошая. Rough sea, at times water over Сильное волнение, временами main deck. Vis. very good. вода заливает главную палубу. Видимость очень хорошая. V/L rolling heavily to moderate Судно испытывает тяжелую in beam sea and swell. Water бортовую качку от умеренного over deck and hatches. бортового волнения и зыби. Вода заливает палубу и люки трюмов. V/L rolling heavily to beam sea Судно испытывает тяжелую and swell. Shipping seas over бортовую качку от бортового deck and hatches. Vis.very good, волнения и зыби. Судно чер moderate in rain. пает воду, залиты палуба и люки трюмов. Видимость очень хорошая, при дожде умеренная. V/L pitching and at times Судно испытывает килевую pounding due to head rough sea. качку и временами слемминг Water over forecastle weather от сильного встречного волне deck and hatches. Vis.poor. ния. Вода через бак заливает палубу и люки трюмов. Види мость плохая. Slight sea, vis.v.good. Com Волнение слабое, видимость passes compared and courses очень хорошая. Показания checked. компасов сличены, курсы про верены.
141 Wheel shifted to automatic steer Руль переведен на автоматиче ing. ское управление. Steering gear shifted from Управление рулем переведено с manual to automatic. ручного на автоматическое. Half Ah. Change to manual steer Средний вперед. Перешли на ing. ручное управление рулем. Passed Strait of.... Прошли ... пролив. Passing buoy 65 ... . Проходим буй 65 .... Wind and sea increasing. Ветер и волнение усиливаются. Ship's clock 30 min advanced Судовые часы переведены на 30 минут вперед Ship's clock 30 min back to (UTC Судовые часы переведены на 30 + 2Hrs) минут назад (ВКВ + 2 часа) J-Pass Ltv d = 1.0 nm (RD), Траверз плавмаякаслева, a/cMO дистанция 1,0 мор. мили по ра дару. Курс по указанию ка питана. Arrival on the road of..., Прибыли на рейд ..., конец E.O.S.P. морского перехода. 01 Hrs notice to Engine. Часовая готовность машине (СЭУ) E.O.S.V. Конец морского перехода. Reduced speed. Снизили скорость. Restricted vis., master informed, Ограниченная видимость, ка exhibited navig. lights, posted питан проинформирован, look-out, sound signals used a/p включены навигационные огни, Int'l regulations, change to man выставлен впередсмотрящий, ual steering, eng.ready for imme подаем сигналы, как требует diate manoeuvres, used radar. МППСС-72, перешли на ручное управление рулем, машина го това к немедленному маневри рованию, используется радар. C.O.S.V./C.O.S.P. Начало морского перехода (за пись производится после сдачи лоцмана или самостоятельного выхода с акватории порта или устья реки к приемному бую).
142 Anchoring Both anchors ready to let go. Оба якоря готовы к отдаче. Let go stbd. anchor, 5 shcls. Отдать правый якорь, 5 смычек in/ into the water якорь-цепи в воду V/L at anchor, Brg = 207° (T), d Судно на якоре, по ИП = 207°, = 1,15 nm on stbd. head of дистанция 1,15 мор. мили на breakwater Oc.(3) G12 sec; 15 правую оконечность мола, min notice to engine. Main- огонь ipynno-затмевающий, зе tained continuous watch VHF леный, период 12 с; машина в ch. 16 and 14. Anchorage posi 15-мтшутной готовности. Под tion checked frequently, un держивается непрерывная вахта changed. на 16-м и 14-м каналах УКВ. Ме сто судна проверяется перио дически, дрейфа не наблюдает ся. Let go port anchor, arrival... Отдать левый якорь, прибыли на рейд... . V/L brought up to 6 shcls. Судно стало на якорь, вытрав F.W.E. Posn. LthBrq = лено 6 смычек якорь-цепи. От 246°(T), d = 4.3 nm. Anch. Brgs. бой машине. Якорное место на checked, posn. maintained, маякпо ИП = 246°, дистан VHF ch.20 kept. ция 4,3 мор. мили. Пеленг кон тролируется, дрейфа не наблю дается. УКВ на 20-м канале. Anchor Brgs. checked fre Якорное место периодически quently - V/L holding ground, проверяется, грунт держит. УКВ VHF watch on ch.16 main на 16-м канале, судно испыты tained, V/L rolling easily to вает незначительную бортовую smooth sea + swell. качку от небольшого волнения и зыби. E.O.S.P., shifted to hand steer Окончание морского перехода, ing, V/L proceeding to anchor перешли на ручное управление, age area various courses a/p судно следует на якорную стож MO, all movements a/p Bell ку переменными курсами по Book указанию капитана. Все реверсы в регистрационном журнале. Dropped stbd anch., 6 shcls on Отдан правый якорь, 6 смычек windlass. Anch.posn: Sig.Mast якорь-цепи на брашпиле.
143 Lt, Brg = 285° (Г), d= 1.2 run Якорное место: огонь сигналь ной мачты, ИП = 285°, дистан ция 1,2 мор. мили. Brgs. checked regularly, VHF Пеленги проверяются регуляр watch maintained on Ch.16 но, вахта на 16-м канале УКВ. Fire rounds + safety inspections Выполняются противопожар carried out. Anch.Brgs. checked ные обходы и проверки общей frequently. V/L holding безопасности. Контрольные пе ground. VHF on Ch.16 main ленги проверяются периодиче tained ски. Грунт держит. УКВ на 16-м канале. V/L maintaining posn., а/p Место судна, как определено Anch.Brgs. taken. Brgs. checked контрольными пеленгами. Пе regularly. VHF watch main ленги проверяются регулярно. tained on Ch.16 УКВ на 16-м канале. Informed ... Port Control about Проинформировали порт- time of anchorage. контроль ... о времени поста новки на якорь. V/L on port 3k 5 shcls. on Рейд порта ..., судно на левом deck,... road. Awaiting for якоре, 5 смычек якорь-цепи на berthing prospects. палубе. Ожидаем информацию о постановке к причалу. Lth..»', Brg. 246° (Г), d = 4.3 & Маяк"...", ИП = 246°, дистанция ran. Stbd. 6 shcls. in water, 4,3 мор. мили. На правом жоре, awaiting berth. 6 смычек якорь-цепи в воде, ожидаем причал.
Leaving the anchorage
Bridge elements tested. All O.K. Оборудование ходового мос тика проверено. Все исправно. Eng.ready, start heaving Anch. Машина готова, начинаем вы бирать якорь. Anch.up Якорь выбран. Commenced heaving Anch. Начали выборку якоря. R.S.B.E. Машина готова и находится на "товсь".
144 aweigh Якорь «Панер» •3*Up foul Якорь не чист. & is dragging Дрейфует на якоре. 4 dred^ Якорь не держит. Anch. has been slipped Якорь вытравлен. and cable have been lost and Якорь и цепь утеряны, выстав buoyed in posn... лен буй в точке...
Preparation for departure, berthing, unberthing, sailing with pilot on the bridge
Bridge control, steering and en Управление главным двигате gine telegraph tested, all found лем с мостика, рулевое управ in order. ление и машинный телеграф опробованы, все найдено ис правным. Tested all bridge equipment and Все оборудование мостика found O.K. проверено и найдено исправ ным. Tested bridge gears, steering, Проверено оборудование мос eng. telegraph, whistle, running тика, рулевое управление, lights. All in order. машинный телеграф, свисток, ходовые огни. Все в порядке. All bridge controls tested, man Все на мостике проверено и ual + aut. steering, telegraph, опробовано, ручное и автома whistle and all found in satisfac тическое управление рулем, tory working order. телеграф, свисток и все нахо дится в надлежащем рабочем состоянии. Tested instruments, all O.K. Проверены навигационные инструменты, все в порядке. Eng. ready. РОВ Mr... Машина готова, на борт при был лоцман м-р... РОВ, SBE На борт прибыл лоцман, ма шина на "товсь".
145 РОВ with assistant На борт прибыл лоцман с учеником. Bridge elements tested, O.K., Оборудование мостика прове РОВ Mr.... рено, все в порядке. На борт прибыл лоцман, г-н.... All hatches closed with three tar Все люки закрыты тремя бре paulins and nets. V/L ready for зентами и сетками. Судно го sailing. Bridge elements tested, тово к отходу. Оборудование O.K. мостика проверено, все ис правно. C.O.P. singled up. Начало рейса, швартовы отда ны. FWD and AFT tugs secured. Буксиры у носа и кормы. Tug made fast AFT Буксирный конец с кормы по дан и закреплен. Tug "..."made fast FWD Буксирный конец подан и за креплен с носа на буксиров щик "...". All eng. movements a/p BB Все реверсы машины согласно записям в регистрационном журнале. All lines gone, leaving berth. Все швартовы отданы, отхо дим от причала. Cast off all ropes, leaving berth. Все швартовы отданы, отхо дим от причала. Singled up to one on one Отданы один продольный и один шпринг. Let go everything AFT С кормы отдать все швартовы. 11 Tug"... fast AFT P.S., let go Буксир закреплен с левого FWD and heave борта у кормы на буксиров щик "...", отдать все швартовы с носа и начать выборку якоря. 11 Tug ..." made fast AFT centre Буксир подан с кормы на бук 11 lead. сировщик "... через цен тральный клюз. 11 11 Tug ... made fast port bow Буксир подан с левого борта FWD. носовой части на буксиров щик "...".
146 11 11 Tug pulling FWD P.S. Буксир ... отводит нос влево. Tug pushing FWD STB side Буксир толкает нос вправо. Tugs released Буксиры освобождены. Let go tugs Отдать буксиры. Changed pilot... Смена лоцмана в .... Undocking pHot off, river pilot Портовый лоцман (доковый) O.B. Mr Change to F.O.; Full убыл, на борт прибыл речной Ah. лоцман м-р .... Перешли на тяжелое топливо. Дали пол ный ход вперед. H.Ah., passing... Средний ход вперед, прохо дим ... . Changed pilots at..., РОВ Mr. Смена лоцманов в ..., на борт прибыл лоцман г-н.... Approach ... Подходим... Pilot off Сдали лоцмана Pilot and tugs away Сдали лоцмана и освободили буксиры. Dropped pilot, tug released Сдали лоцмана, освободили буксир. V/L proceeded to P.S. Судно проследовало к лоц манской станции. Sailing with slow speed 2 knots Следуем малым ходом в 2 узла SSE-ward в направлении на ЮЮВ. Start engine and proceed to con Дали ход и следуем к контей tainer terminal нерному терминалу. Secured projector and mooring Приняты на борт прожектор boats (Суэцкого канала) и швартов ные боты Dropped pilot, mooring boats Сдали лоцмана, прожектор and Suez Kght projector released для прохода Суэцким кана лом, швартовные боты осво бождены. P.O.B. Лоцман прибыл на борт. V/L alongside ... lock P.S., pilot Ошвартовались левым бортом off, F = 8.20, A = 8.55, M = 8.375. в шлюзе .... Лоцман убыл с борта. Осадка: нос = 8,20, кор ма = 8,55, на миделе = 8,375.
147 Pilot and 2 helmsmen O.B. На борт прибыли лоцман и 2 рулевых. Leaving lock Выходим из шлюза. Passed buoy No.6, d = 0.1 nm Прошли буй № 6, дистанция P.S. 0,1 мор. мили слева. Pass ... Sign.Stn. Проходим сигнальную стан цию ... . All lines gone, FWD and AFT Все швартовы отданы, носовой tugs fastened и кормовой буксиры закреп лены Tugs cast off Буксировпщки у борта судна, движение по инерции. V/L in the dock, dockgate Судно в доке, ворота дока за closed, dock No.2 крыты, док № 2 V/L is floating, 2 tugs secured Судно на плаву, 2 буксира на подстраховке. Leaving dock Выходим из дока Ship alongside P.S.... Shipyard. Судно ошвартовано левым Pilot off, both tugs released бортом к причалу верфи .... Лоцман убыл с борта, оба бук сира освобождены. E.O.P. V/L alongside St. S. ... Конец рейса, судно ошварто Pier, pilot off, tugs released вано правым бортом у пирса ..., лоцман у был с борта, бук сиры освобождены. P.O.B. Mr...., V/L proceed to ... На борт прибыл лоцман г-н ..., river inbound судно следует вверх по реке .... Approach ... Pilot St., slow down Подходим к лоцманской стан to change pilots ции ..., сбавили ход для сме ны лоцманов. Mr.... away, Mr.... O.B. F. Ah. С борта убыл лоцман г-н ..., на борт прибыл лоцман г-н ..., дали полный ход вперед. Change of pHots, pHot Mr.... Смена лоцманов. На борт take over, Mr.... away прибыл лоцман г-н ..., лоц ман г-н ... убыл с борта.
148 S.Ah. Дали малый ход вперед S.Eng. Машина застопорена. H.As. Дали средний ход назад Head line first line ashore Первым подан на берег носо вой продольный V/L in posn., made fast all lines. Судно ошвартовано левым P.S. alongside, 3 and 1. E.O.P. бортом к причалу в указанном положении, все швартовы за креплены, подано по три про дольных и по одному шприн- гу, конец рейса. Tugs AFT and FWD clear Кормовой и носовой буксиры свободны. Tugs AFT and FWD off Кормовой и носовой буксиры отошли. F.W.E., Pilot off Отбой машине, лоцман убыл с борта. Bridge elements tested, O.K. Оборудование мостика прове рено, все нормально. Engine ready Машина готова. Heaving anchor Выбираем якорь. Anchor up Якорь выбран. P.O.B. На борт прибыл лоцман. FWD tug secured, AFT tug assist Носовой буксир подан, кормо вой буксировщик в готовно сти. E.O.V., V/L alongside St.S. FWD Окончание рейса, судно ош and AFT (4+1). Pilot off, tugs re вартовано правым бортом у leased. причала. Швартовы с носа и кормы заведены по схеме 4+1. Лоцман убыл с борта, буксиры освобождены. FWD tug secured, 1 ship's С носа подан один судовой hawser буксирный трос на буксиров щик "..Л
149 V/L alongside RS. Berth No.20, Судно ошвартовано левым Fore and Aft (3+2), Pilot off, бортом у причала № 20 порта E.O.P. .... С носа и кормы поданы швартовы по схеме 3+2, лоц ман убыл с борта, конец рейса. H. Ahead Средний вперед. Tug made fast FWD St.S. Буксир подан на буксировщик и закреплен на носу по право му борту. Let go Stbd. anchor, brought up Отдан правый якорь, в воде 3 to 3 shcls in the water. Standing смычки якорь-цепи. Стоим из- due to wind force 9/10. V/L за штормового ветра силой holding posn., tug still made fast. 9/10 баллов. Судно не дрей фует, буксир "набит". Changed towlines, tug fast port Перезакрепили буксир на ле bow. вый борт с носа. Com.heaving Начали выбирать якорь. V/L fast in lock Судно ошвартовано в шлюзе. Let go everything (Fore and Aft). Все швартовы отданы. Судно V/L proceeding from lock to следует из шлюза к причалу. berth Head line ashore Носовой продольный подан на причал. F.W.E. + Pilot away. E.O.P. V/L Отбой машине, лоцман убыл с in posn. berth 504, made fast борта. Конец рейса. Судно Fore + Aft (3+1). ошвартовано у причала № 504, носовые и кормовые швартовы поданы и закреплены по схеме 3+1. P.O.B. Main engine not ready for На борт прибыл лоцман, глав operation, propulsion damage. ный двигатель к действию не готов из-за повреждения греб ного вала.
150 Entries on the left page of the log book
Various courses a/p M.O. Следуем переменными курсами в соответствии с указаниями капитана. Various courses асе. P.A. & Следуем переменными курсами M.O. согласно рекомендациям лоцмана и указаниям капитана. C&S under Master command Курс и скорость по команде капитана. C&StoM.O.& RA.,all Курс и скорость по рекомендации movements a/p B.B. лоцмана и указанию капитана, все реверсы указаны в регистрационном журнале. V/L drifting and not under Судно дрейфует и не управля command ется. V/L drifting awaiting pilot Судно в дрейфе в ожидании лоцмана. V/L under tow by tug"...", Судно на буксире у буксиров various courses щика "...". Курсы переменные.
Towage - entries on the right;pag e of the log book
Towing signals exhibited con Подняты сигналы буксируемого tinuously, no steering re судна, по указанию буксира quired as per instruction управление рулем не требуется, from tug, rudder at midship руль в нулевом положении always ("прямо"). Tug "..." came alongside Буксир "..." подошел к борту. Towing cables being discon Отдача буксирных тросов пер nected by tug personnel + соналом буксира и экипажем ship's crew. судна. Finish disconnection and ca- Буксирные тросы отданы, начали bles being hove (heaved) up их выборку. All towing cables and emer Все буксирные и дополнительные gency lines cast off тросы подняты на борт.
151 In port. Cargo operations
Free pratique and clearance on Судно получило свободную board. практику. Opened Hatch No.2 and No.3 - Открыты люки трюмов № 2 и ready for discharging 3 - готовы к выгрузке. Comm. disch. Hold No.l by Начало выгрузки трюма № 1 ship's derricks and crew судовыми стрелами и силами экипажа. Draft surveyor Mr.... on board На борт прибъш сюрвейер по замеру осадки г-н.... Draft surveyor passed out Сюрвейер убыл с борта. Commenced disch. at hatch No.2 Начали выгрузку через люк (1 shore crane) № 2 (одним береговым краном). Ceased disch. Выгрузка прекращена. Resumed disch. H. No.2, safety Возобновлена выгрузка из inspection carried out трюма № 2, произведена про верка безопасности выполняе мых работ. Acc. to loading scale disch. 2300 В соответствии с грузовой шка mt cargo лой выгружено 2300 метриче ских тонн груза. Ceased disch. due to warping 25 Выгрузка приостановлена из- mtrs forwards за перетяжки на 25 метров вперед. Stopped loading H.No.3, V/L Погрузка трюма № 3 останов shifted 20 m astern лена, перетяжка на 20 м назад Stevedores preparing conveyor Грузчики (докеры) готовят for loading конвейер для погрузки. Started loading wheat in bulk to Начали погрузку пшеницы H.No.2 навалом в трюм № 2 Ceased loading H. No.l, knocked Погрузка трюма № 1 прекра off щена, рабочий день закончен. Ceased disch. H. No.2. Knocked Выгрузка трюма № 2 прекра off for the day, stevedores ashore щена, рабочий день закончен, грузчики убыли с борта.
152 Harbour Master warned abt Получено предупреждение stormy wind and that any shift капитана порта о штормовом ing is strictly prohibited ветре и строгом запрещении какого-либо перемещения. Secured additional head line be Завели дополнительный носо cause of stormy weather - wind вой продольный вследствие NNW 9-10 B. штормового ветра от ССЗ си лой 9-10 баллов по шкале Бо форта. Commenced filling up WBTs Начали прием балластной во No.4 P. and S. ды в танки № 4 левый и пра вый. Started to fill up DBT No. 4 P&S Начали заполнять междудон ные танки № 4 левый и пра вый. Stop ballasting DBT No. 4 P&S Прекратили балластировку междудонных танков № 4 ле вого и правого. Taken in 150 mt of F.W. Приняли 150 тонн пресной во ды. Ceased loading at H. No. 1 due Погрузка трюма № 1 прекра to hydraulic pump repair щена по причине ремонта на соса системы гидравлики. Loaded bobcat to H. No.l for В трюм № 1 погружен мини- trimming cargo трактор для штивки груза. H.No.l - trimming by bobcat Трюм № 1 - штивка груза ми- нитрактором. Loaded caterpillar H. No.2 for В трюм № 2 погружен бульдо collecting rest of cargo зер для зачистки остатков гру за. Ceased disch. - caterpiller Выгрузка прекращена из-за breakdown поломки бульдозера. Completed load, at H. No.2 and Закончена погрузка трюма resumed at H. No.l № 2 и продолжена погрузка трюма № 1 Stop deballasting Откатка балласта прекращена Opening H. No.2 by ship's crew Открытие трюма № 2 силами экипажа.
153 Stevedores on board, resumed Докеры прибыли на борт, по loading H. No.2 грузка трюма № 2 возобновле на. Change of shift. Resinned disch Смена бригады докеров. Во H. No.2 A.P. by suction pipe зобновлена выгрузка кормовой части трюма № 2 пневматиче ской трубой. Change of gangs. 3/E checked Смена бригад грузчиков, 3-й all cargo winches механик проверил все грузо вые лебедки. Waiting wharfmen and shifting Ожидание швартовщиков и forwards перетяжка вперед H. No.2 (A.P.) cargo winch Вышла из строя грузовая ле breakdown бедка кормовой части трюма №2 Lunch break. Перерыв на обед. No cargo work. G'way + moor Грузовые работы не произво ing ropes tended to дятся, трап и швартовы ос мотрены и потравлены. Port and Company regulations Требования портовых властей observed, continuous deck secu и судовладельца выполнены, rity watch maintained непрерывность вахты на палу бе обеспечена. Work in H. No.l held up to trans Работа в трюме № 1 останов fer bulldozer to H. No.2 лена для перемещения бульдо зера в трюм № 2. All gangs away. V/L being se Все бригады убыли с борта. cured for sea passage Судно готовится к выходу в море. Port watch maintained, port Вахта в порту поддерживается, regulations observed требования портовых властей выполнены. Frequent delays experienced due Многократные задержки из-за no trucks отсутствия грузовиков. Acc. to draft and DW-table Согласно осадке и грузовой disch.5000 mt of sulphur шкале выгружено 5000 тонн серы.
154 Bunker barge stbd. alongside Бункеровщик ошвартован к правому борту. Start bunkering Начало бункеровки. Сотр. bunkering, taken in 50.1 Бункеровка закончена, приня mtFO то 50,1 тонны тяжелого топли ва. Bunker barge unmoored Бункеровщик отошел от борта. Break - no trucks Перерыв: нет грузовиков. Awaiting for craneman and shift Ожидание крановщика и пе ing crane abt 3 mtrs forwards ретяжки крана на 3 метра впе ред.
Entries on the left page in port
Officer on duty: Watchman: 00.00-06.00 2-nd mate A.B. Burov, 00.00-08.0 Ivanov, A. B. - D.W. Olsen 06.00-12.00 Chief mate S.B. Konev 12.00-18.00 2-nd mate A.D. Gorin 18.00-24.00 Chief mate S.B. Konev 16.00-24.00 Petrov, O. S. - K.F.Duck
Примечание: А. В. - матрос 1-го кл. О. S. - матрос 2-го кл. Draft: F = 5.88 m M = 6.86 m A = 7,85 m M = 6,865 m Cloudy, Rain at time, +11. All mooring ropes in good order. Или: Mostly sunny Partly cloudy Sunny Cloudy, passing showers NNW 7-8, Squally weather Thunderstorm with rain. Port watch and port regulations observed.
155 ARRIVAL CONDITION
Remain on board: F.O.--130 mt Тяжелое топливо D.O. - 72mt Дизельное топливо F.W. - 75 mt Пресная вода S.O.-- 4500 Ltrs Системные масла C.O. - 2850 Ltrs Цилиндровое масло Arrival draft: FWD = 8.62 m AFT = 8.95 m
DEPARTURE CONDITION Cargo = Departure draft: F.O. = FWD D.O. = AFT S.O. = M CO. = F.W. = Ballast = Const. = D WT = Cargo loaded = mt Commenced cargo operation HRS Completed cargo operation HRS F.W. received = mt F.O. received = mt D.O. received = mt S. O. / CO. received = mt/ Ltrs
Chief officer's entries on the left page
Prior loading of cargo, cargo До начала погрузки грузовые holds have been cleaned трюма полностью очищены, thoroughly, bilges respectively льяла и льяльные колодцы также bilge wells are cleaned and очищены, трюмные насосы про bilge pumps have been tested верены на готовность к работе. to be operational.
156 Prior loading cargo holds have До начала погрузки грузовые been inspected by cargo in трюма проверены грузовым ин spector Mr ... who has passed спектором, г-н ..., который при vessel with all equipment for знал судно и все его оборудова ready to load. ние годным к погрузке. After completion of loading После окончания погрузки люки hatches have been closed and трюмов закрыты, водонепро secured for watertightness. On ницаемость обеспечена. На отход vessel's departure the vessel в море судно мореходно во всех was seaworthy in all respects, отношениях, снабжено в sufficiently supplied with fuel достаточном количестве oil, diesel oil, fresh water and тяжелым и дизельным топливом, provision and equipped ac водой, продуктами и cording to international re оборудовано согласно меж quirements. дународным требованиям. Today the vessel was loaded Сегодня судно загружено серой в with the cargo of 11050 mt of количестве 11050 тонн. До на sulphur. Before loading all чала погрузки все льяла и bilges and cargo holds have грузовые трюмы были очищены. been cleaned. All bilges were Все льялъные колодцы порожние empty and dry. Before com и сухие. До начала погрузки все mencement of loading the трюма были осмотрены старшим holds were inspected by помощником капитана и сюр Ch.Mate and Surveyor and вейером и найдены сухими и в found dry and in good order хорошем состоянии для погруз for loading sulphur. The cargo ки серы. Погрузка произведена was loaded by professional профессиональными грузчика stevedores under the supervi ми под контролем капитана и sion of the Master and officers. вахтенных помощников. Для For the voyage the vessel is рейса судно надлежаще уком properly manned, hatches плектовано экипажем, люки гру have been closed and secured. зовых трюмов закрыты и прове All ship's papers are valid. рены. Все судовые документы Therefore the vessel is in all действительны. Судно во всех respects seaworthy for the in отношениях мореходно и готово tended voyage to ... . к рейсу на ... .
157 Master's entries on the right page of the log book
Master's inspection of accommo Капитаном проведена провер dations and storerooms. ка жилых помещений и кладо вых. V/L rummaged by custom's Судно досмотрено "черной" "black gang" - nothing found бригадой таможни. Ничего не обнаружено. Sounded boat station signal, Объявлена шлюпочная тре crew responded good, port and вога, сбор экипажа хороший; starboard life-boats swung out to левая и правая спасательные embarkation deck and engines шлюпки приспущены до па tested. лубы посадки, двигатели опробованы. Sounded fire alarm signal, crew Объявлена пожарная тревога. responded good. Emergency fire Сбор экипажа хороший. pump tested for pressure. Boat Аварийный пожарный насос and fire drill found satisfactory испытан на давление. Учение по шлюпочной и пожарной тревогам оценено удовлетворительно. Fire and boat drill exercise. L/B Учебная пожарная и шлюпоч No.l lowered to embarkation ная тревоги. Спасательный бот deck, engine tested, satisfactory № 1 приспущен до посадочной палубы, двигатель опробован, все удовлетворительно. Master and C/O searched all Капитан и старший помощник crew cabins, but nothing found осмотрели все каюты экипажа, ничего запрещенного не обна ружено. MAYDAY received from Radio Получен сигнал бедствия от on VHF 16, collision "..." and р/ст."..." на 16-м канале УКВ. 11 11 V/Ls and ferries proceed Столкнулись суда ..." и"... . ing to collision. Суда и паромы следуют к месту аварии.
158 ... Radio request V/Ls at anch. .. .-радио просит суда, стоящие near collision to remain at anchor на якорной стоянке вблизи от места аварии, оставаться на якоре. Tlx from - no assistance re Получен телекс т/хв на quired at present стоящее время помощь не тре буется. V/L searched for stowaways Судно досмотрено на предмет отсутствия посторонних лиц. V/L searched by Customs - Судно досмотрено таможней - nothing found ничего не обнаружено. А. В reports pain in lower Матрос 1-го кл сообщил abdomen о болях в нижней части живота. А. В landed for hospitali Матрос 1-го кл zation направлен на госпитализацию. Signed off: - A. B. Из судовой роли исключен: - матрос 1-го кл.
VII. Read and translate the following log book entries. Abbrevia tions on pages 116-119 will be helpful.
13.30 Point Hullder TRB = 352.0 D = 7.2 nm, lat 15.30.0'N, Long 068.30.0'W. A/Co to 10.0 (T). Informed Cristobal Signal Sta tion ch. 16/12 VHF ship's particulars and received instructions for anchorage. 13.35 ESP. Arrived explosive anchorage. NOR tendered to all parties concerned. M/E reverse recorder running. C&S variable. Course recorder engaged. 13.45 Point Hullder TRB = 342.0 D = 1.25 nm, Lat 15.20.0'N Long 063.30.0'W Dropped STBD anchor. Ground-mud. Depth - 25 mtrs. 15.30 Tug boat 'Toons" fastened FWD. 15.35 Tug boat "Fuwns" fastened AFT. 16.25 AFT tug released. FWE. 16.45 Stairs connected. PAW AY. 00.25 Keeping watch ch. 9,16 VHF. Deck lights and dangerous. Sig. switched off. All lights (shapes) exhibited. Accommodation ladder is safe and well Ouminated. Сотр. Check list 02.
159 05.00 Sailed to Guayanilla. Puerto Rico. BSP. Co = 350,0 Sp = 14,0 knots. ETA 18 July 16.00 Took over the watch. Ch/OFF 19.00 Approaching WP No3. Left TSS. Determined error of GC by Gnayanilla leading lights = +0,5. 20.00 Point Hullder Brg = 343.0 x 1.15 nm, Lat 15.21.0'N Long 063.31.0'W. Compasses are checked. All in apparent good or der. Co = 190.0. Sp(av) = knts. Drun = 40.8 ran. Сотр. Check Ust 002. Kept regular rounds and fire patrol. Wind ENE/6. Sea moderate. Vis. good. Handed over the watch. Ch/OFF. 14.30 Comm. discharge containers from Nos 1,2 20.15 Completed disc. No2 - comm.. load.
VIII. Make entries into the log book. The following notes in Russian will help you. Use abbreviations when appropriate.
1. Курс и скорость согласно советам лоцмана и командам ка питана. 2. Проведены учения по борьбе с пожаром и оставлению суд на. Экипаж проинструктирован. 3. Судно испытывает умеренную килевую качку и слабую бор товую от умеренного волнения и зыби. 4. Волнение слабое, видимость очень хорошая. Показания компасов сличены, курсы проверены. 5. Начало морского перехода. 6. Отдать правый якорь, 5 смычек якорь-цепи в воду. 7. Машина готова, на борт прибыл лоцман г-н .... 8. Отбой машине, лоцман убыл с борта. Конец рейса. Судно ошвартовано у причала № 16, носовые и кормовые шварто вы поданы и закреплены по схеме 3 + 1. 9. Следуем переменными курсами согласно рекомендациям лоцмана и указаниям капитана. 10. В соответствии с грузовой шкалой выгружено 2300 метриче ских тонн груза. 11. Выгрузка приостановлена из-за перетяжки на 25 метров впе ред. 12. Бункеровка закончена, принято 50,1 тонны тяжелого топли ва.
160 IX. Compose log book entries. Use approved abbreviations where possible.
1. Сделайте запись в судовой журнал на английском языке о том, что ваше судно было вынуждено остановиться из-за по ломки судовой энергетической установки. Укажите, что в соответствии с требованиями МПСС подняты сигналы "Мое судно не управляется". 2. Ваше судно попало в шторм во время вашей вахты. Судно испытывает тяжелую бортовую качку от бортового волнения и зыби. Вода через бак заливает палубу и люки трюмов. Ви димость очень хорошая, при дожде умеренная. Сделайте об этом запись в судовом журнале. 3. Ваше судно стало на якорь. Укажите в судовом журнале, что вытравлено 6 смычек, дан отбой машине. Ваше якорное ме сто на маяк "...", по ИП = 243°, дистанция 3,4 мор. мили. За пишите, что якорное место периодически проверяется, грунт держит, судно испытывает незначительную бортовую качку от небольшого волнения и зыби, УКВ на 16-м канале. 4. Ваше судно готовится к отходу. Внесите в журнал информа цию о том, что все на мостике проверено и опробовано, руч ное и автоматическое управление рулем, телеграф, свисток и все остальное находится в надлежащем рабочем состоя нии. 5. Рейс окончен, ваше судно ошвартовано правым бортом у причала № 12 порта .... С носа и кормы заведены швартовы по схеме 4 + 1. Запишите всю необходимую информацию в судовой журнал. Не забудьте отметить, что буксиры освобо ждены и лоцман покинул борт вашего судна.
X. Read and learn standard phrases on record keeping.
1. The log books/record books are completed and signed. 2. The note book entries will be copied (into the log books/record books) after the watch. 3. Change the paper of the data logger/echo sounder/... recorder. 4. Refill the toner/ink of the data logger/echo sounder/... recorder.
161 Part V. Chart Reading
I. Read the text The words below will help you to understand it better: application - применение artificial - искусственный aware [s'wea] - знающий, осведомленный compass rose - изображение картушки компаса descriptive - описательный fishery chart - промыслово-навигационная карта look-ahead - предварительный, прогнозируемый must - необходимость, насущная потребность radio facility chart - карта размещения радионавигационных средств raster chart - растровая карта reference chart - справочная карта (для каботажного плавания) solution - решение vector chart - векторная карта
Chart is a specific map showing a part of the world ocean used for navigation, solution of special problems and utilizing natural re sources. The charts are subdivided into navigational, auxiliary, and reference charts. Navigational charts are divided by their application into four groups: general navigation charts usually called nautical charts, ra dio facility charts, fishery charts, and lake and river charts. The nautical charts represent the basic subgroup of charts pro viding safety in navigation, so the main purpose of these charts is to assist navigation. Shoals, rocks and other dangers are shown by spe cial markings and by various symbols; soundings with abbreviations indicating the nature of the bottom. Depth contours aire drawn join ing together points of depths near shore and around shoals. Light houses, buoys, and other artificial aids to navigation are represented by descriptive abbreviations and symbols. Currents are indicated by arrows or by explanatory notes. Compass roses printed on the charts give the necessary data concerning magnetic variation and its rate of change. The nautical charts are employed for performing one of the
162 most important functions of navigation, i. e. dead reckoning of a ship and determining its position. Nautical charts are published to scales from 1:500 to 1:5 000 000. The selection of chart scale is dic tated by the distance from the shore to the ship's tracking. Official nautical charts can either be paper charts or electronic charts that are equivalent to paper charts. When using electronic charts, care should be taken to ensure that the display shows suffi cient look-ahead' distance and the next chart can be readily accessi ble. Electronic charts can either be in vector or raster chart format. The mariner using electronic chart systems should be aware of the differences between the two types of chart formats. Prior to using a chart, the OOW must study it carefully. To this end, he must have good understanding of all symbols, abbrevia tions, words and word combinations found on the chart, i. e. be able to interpret the chart. All vessels are to be equipped with the proper charts for the planned voyage. These charts, usually British Admiralty charts, are to have the latest data, which can be found in the Notice to Mariners (NM) and will be sent to the vessel as soon as they are released. If a nautical chart has to be corrected, the exact positions and changes for this particular chart are given in this NM. It is a must that all charts are up-dated at all times. This is the responsibility of the navigating officer.
II. The text of Admiralty Notices to Mariners always follows the same format Look it through and match each item with its de scription. b
868 NORTH AMERICA, West Coast - California - Humboldt Bay - North Spit - Radiobeacon с ^Delete radiobeacon, RC (charts 2531,4801 & 4806, radiobeacon, RC, at light) (a) 40° 4641N., 124" 13'-22W. d (b) 40° 45'45"N., 124° 13'06'W.
Chart [Last correction], - 3095 (plan, Humboldt Bay) (a) [New Edition 12/12/96] - 3121 (b) [914/97] - 2531 (a) [914/97] - 2530 (a) [1187/97] - e 4801 (INT 801) (a) [4236/96] - 4806 (a) [298/96] ^Admiralty List of Radio Signals Vol. 2,1997: 3606 (20/97) f— U.S. Notice 19/18622/97 (HH.612/440/02).
163 1. The text of the correction comes next. 2. The source of the information and the United Kingdom Hydro- graphic Office reference in brackets. 3. When the correction affects a light and/or radio signal, the rele vant Admiralty List of Lights and/ or Admiralty List of Radio Signals volume and the appropriate number will be shown. 4. The title of the correction. 5. The charts affected include basic and latticed versions. 6. The ANM number in the current year.
III. Read the questions, then look through the text (ex. 1) to find the answer.
1. What is a chart? 2. What groups are nautical charts divided into? 3. What can official nautical charts be? 4. Why should care be taken when using electronic charts? 5. Where can the latest chart information be found?
IV. Read some practical tips on correcting charts and decide if they are true or false. Correct the false statements.
1. Any correction, except those given in Section II of Admiralty No tices to Mariners, Weekly Editions, should be made to any chart in ink. 2. Erasures should never be made. Where necessary detail should be crossed through, in the case of lines crossed with a series of short double stroked. Typing correction fluids should not be used. 3. Year and numbers of processed NtMs to be entered on the chart: permanent Notices in waterproof violet ink, Temporary and Pre liminary Notices in pencil. 4. Temporary and Preliminary Notices should be crossed through as soon as the Notice is received cancelling them.
NB Remember, you may have to read and understand corrections under a dim red light in the teeth of a force 10 storm. Your life and others could depend upon it. It is important that the task of
164 chart correcting is taken seriously and that the highest standards are maintained.
V. It is recommended that you must have the proper tools before you begin to correct your charts. Read the information and learn the names of the tools used for correcting charts.
1. Pens You need two pens with different sizes of nib, eg. 0.15 mm and 0.25mm. Use a 0.15 mm nib to insert information and a 0.25 mm nib to delete. 2. Ink The colour should be violet so that you can see your corrections clearly. 3. Pencils HB. This is a good pencil for inserting Admi ralty Notices to Mariners (ANMs) into your "Chart Correction Log and Folio Index" NP 133 A. 4. Eraser This should be soft and used only for rubbing out pencil marks/tracks on charts or ANMs recorded in the NP 133A. 5. Adhesive This is to be used when sticking Block correc tions and Notes/Cautions onto charts. There are many types of adhesive on the market but the product under the brand name Scotch™, is strongly recommended. 6. Parallel rule There are two types: a. Roller b. Stepping Both are perfectly suitable for the purpose of chart correction. 7. Dividers Bow dividers are more sensitive for accurate positioning 8. Compasses... with a pen attachment, is an essential piece of equipment for corrections where you have to draw large circles or sectors. 9. Hacksaw blade A useful tool which you can use to draw a cable. The blade must have 14 teeth to 1 inch (2.5cm). Be careful to use the blade so that your pen will flow over the teeth.
165 10. Straight edge A steel straight edge, preferably 1 metre in lengttv is a useful tool for finding a position on a chart. It» a slower process than using a parallel ruler and di viders but there is less room for error. 11. Template... with various sizes of holes, should be used fair drawing radar stations, radio beacons, small circu lar limits, etc.
Some helpful words
adhesive - клейкая лента, скотч attachment - дополнительное приспособление, насадка block correction - вспомогательная карта небольшого размера (с дополнительными данными к ранее изданной основной карте); вклейка корректур bow divider - кронциркуль brand name - торговое название, фирменная марка compass - циркуль divider - циркуль-измеритель folio - коллекция навигационных карт hacksaw blade - линейка с зубчатым краем НВ = hard black - твердый черный (о карандаше) index - сборный лист карт nib - острие overlay - схема на кальке, накладываемая на карту parallel rule - параллельная линейка pin - pointing position - точно определенное место судна roller parallel rule - роликовая параллельная линейка stepping parallel rule - раздвижная параллельная линейка straight edge - проверочная линейка template - палетка tracing - копия на кальке
166 VI. Work with your study partner and discuss your answers to these questions.
1. When examining the chart, prior to taking over the watch, what will you be looking for?
2. What must the Navigating Officer do to ensure that the ship's passage plan is updated prior to sailing concerning charts?
VII. Here are some chart headings. Read and translate them prop erly. Below the texts you can find some helpful words.
1.1.
ENTRANCE TO THE BALTIC THE SOUND NORTHERN PART DEPTHS IN METRES SCALE 1:75 000 at lat 56° Depths are in metres and are reduced to Chart Datum, which is approximately Mean Sea Level. Heights are in metres above Mean Sea Level. Positions are referred to World Geodetic System 1984 Datum (see SATELLITE-DERIVED POSITIONS note). Navigational marks: IALA Maritime Buoyage System - Region A (Red to port). Projection: Mercator. Sources: The date and limits of the Danish surveys and limits of Swedish Government charts used in compiling the chart are shown in the Source Data Diagram.
167 1.2. SINGAPORE, MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA WESTERN APPROACHES TO SINGAPORE DEPTHS IN METRES SCALE1:30 000
Depths are in metres and are reduced to Chart Datum, which is approximately the level of Lowest Astronomical Tide. Heights are in metres. Underlined figures are drying heights above Chart Datum; all other heights are above Mean High Water Springs. Positions are referred to World Geodetic System 1984 Datum (see SATELLITE-DERIVED POSITIONS note). Navigational marks: IALA Maritime Buoyage System - Region A (Red to port). Projection: Transverse Mercator. Sources: The origin, scale, date and limits of the hydrographic in formation used to compile the chart are shown in the Source Dia gram. Later information has also been included.
1.3. SOUTH CHINA SEA SOUTH WESTERN APPROACHES TO HONG KONG DEPTHS IN METRES SCALE 1:25 000 Depths are in metres and are reduced to Chart Datum, which is approximately the level of Lowest Astronomical Tide. Heights are in metres. Underlined figures are drying heights above Chart Datum; all other heights are above Mean Higher High- Water.
168 Positions are referred to Hong Kong (1980) Datum. Navigational marks: IALA Maritime Buoyage System - Region A (Red to port). Projection: Transverse Mercator. Sources: The origin, scale, date and limits of the hydrographic sur veys used in compiling the chart are shown in the Source Data Diagram. The topography is derived chiefly from Hong Kong Buildings and Lands Department 1:20 000 maps, supplemented by aerial photography to 1992.
1.4. Sources: Reference must be made to larger scale charts for sources. Outside these limits the hydrography is derived from Indonesian Government charts of 1966 to 1993 based mainly on surveys of 1883 to 1934 with later corrections, a Dutch survey of 1941 and, miscellaneous lines of passage soundings. Positions of offshore structures are from miscellaneous sources.
1.5. Sources: The origin, scale, date and limits of the hydrographic information used to compile the chart are shown in the Source Data Diagram. Soundings from older Surveys in upright fig ures.
1.6. Sources: The origin, scale, date and limits of the hydrographic information used to compile the chart are shown in the Source Diagram. The topography is derived chiefly from Ordnance Survey maps.
Words and word combinations to be remembered: to reduce to Chart Datum - приводить к нулю глубин карты to refer to - относиться, приводить, соотноситься, указывать World Geodetic System - всемирная геодезическая система satellite-derived position - координаты, полученные при помощи спутниковой системы survey - съемка to compile - составлять Source Data Diagram - схема источников данных underlined figures - подчеркнутые цифры
169 drying height - высота осушки transverse Mercator projection - поперечная проекция Меркатора sources - источники origin - источник, происхождение to supplement - дополнять to derive - получать, извлекать aerial photography - аэрофотосъемка
VIII. Here are some chart cautions and notes. Read and translate them into Russian. The words below will help you to do it better.
1. Lights, Buoys and Buoyage 1.1. UNCHARTED LIGHTS Hong Kong Shipping and Port Control Regulations (1978) require that a fixed red light, visible from seaward at all times between sun set and sunrise, is placed near the end of each pier. Numerous aero lights and air obstruction lights exist in the area of this chart. 1.2. UNCHARTED LIGHTS Hong Kong Shipping and Port Control Regulations (1978) require that a fixed red light, visible seaward at all times between sunset and sunrise are placed near the end of each pier. 1.3. LIGHTHOUSES AND BEACONS For sketches illustrating the distinctive shapes and other features of the lighthouses and beacons shown on this chart, see Admiralty Sailing Directions. 1.4. GENERAL DIRECTION OF BUOYAGE In the Solent the buoyage direction changes off Egypt Point (50°46'N, 1°19'W). 1.5. DIRECTION OF BUOYAGE l The direction,of buoyage changes at S.E. Lantau Buoy (22°12 70N, mweoE).
170 1.6. BUOYAGE Light buoys shown on this chart may be withdrawn or replaced by unlit buoys in the winter. 1.7. CORK HOLE - EXPERIMENTAL BUOYS Experimental buoys may be laid by Trinity House, without notice, o in the southern part of Cork Hole (51°54'N, 01 26'E). They have no navigational significance. 1.8. BUOYTOPMARKS Topmarks shown on buoy symbols in the Finnish area of this chart may not always exist on the actual buoys. 1.9. Due to local interference the characteristics of this light may be er ratic and not as charted.
Some helpful words: numerous - многочисленный sketch - эскиз, набросок distinctive - отличительный feature - характеристика to withdraw - убирать, упразднять Trinity House - "Тринити Хаус" (маячно-лоцманская корпора ция Великобритании) significance - значение interference - вмешательство, помехи erratic - ошибочный
2. Position, charts 2.1. POSITIONS То agree with chart 3949, and the plan of Tanjunguban and ap proaches on chart 3937, positions read from this chart should be moved 0-03 minutes NORTHWARD and 0-22 minutes WESTWARD Positions can be transferred directly onto this chart, which is re ferred to Revised Kertau Datum from other Admiralty charts, and from charts published by the Port of Singapore Authority.
171 Positions read from Japanese charts and from Indonesian charts 348 and 349, which are referred to WGS 72 Datum, should be moved 0-01 minutes NORTHWARD and 0-12 minutes EASTWARD to agree with this chart. Positions read from other Indonesian charts, which are referred to Bangka Datum, should be moved 0-03 minutes SOUTHWARD and 0-22 minutes EASTWARD to agree with this chart. 2.2. NATIONAL HORIZONTAL DATUM Positions read from this chart must be adjusted by 0*03 minutes SOUTHWARD and 010 minutes EASTWARD before plotting on documents referred to Ordnance Survey of Great Britain 1936 (OSGB 36) Datum. Example: Position on chart 51°35'-50N, 1°42'-50E lat/long adjustments 0''03S 0'-10E OSGB 36 position 51°35'47N, 1°42'-60E 2.3. CAUTION; SATELLITE-DERIVED POSITIONS Positions obtained from satellite navigation systems, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), are normally referred to the World Geodetic System 1984 Datum. The differences between satellite- derived positions and positions on this chart cannot be determined; mariners are warned that these differences MAY BE SIGNIFICANT TO NAVIGATION and are therefore advised to use alternative sources of positional information, particularly when closing the shore or navigating in the vicinity of dangers. 2.4. SATELLITE-DERIVED POSITIONS Positions obtained from satellite navigation systems, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), are normally referred to the World Geodetic System 1984 Datum. Such positions can be plotted directly on this chart. 2.5. SATELLITE-DERIVED POSITIONS Positions obtained from satellite navigation systems are normally referred to WGS Datum; such positions should be moved 0 01 min utes NORTHWARD and 0-12 minutes EASTWARD to agree with this chart.
172 2.6. ACCURACY OF CHARTS Due to the age, quality and origin of some of the source material, positions obtained from some Satellite Navigation Systems may, in certain areas, be more accurate than those on the chart. 2.7. USE OF LARGER SCALE FRENCH CHARTS When navigating inshore along the French coast in areas not cov ered by larger scale Admiralty charts, mariners should use larger scale charts published by the French hydrographic service.
Some helpful words: to transfer - переносить; перемещать; переводить revised datum - пересмотренная (исправленная) система координат to adjust - корректировать ordnance survey - правительственная (государственная) съемка adjustment - поправка, корректирование OSGB = Ordnance Survey of Great Britain - правительственная (государственная) съемка Великобритании to obtain - получать Global Positioning System (GPS) - глобальная система позицио нирования WGS = World Geodetic System - всемирная геодезическая система координат to determine - определять significant - значительный therefore - следовательно, поэтому alternative - альтернативный, другой particularly - особенно directly - непосредственно, сразу to agree with this chart - привести в соответствие с данной картой
173 3. Currents 3.1. CURRENTS Currents in this vicinity are predominantly weak and variable, with many eddies imposed on the overall pattern of flow. Coastal sets can also be experienced and rates may increase locally due to water shallowing near reefs and shoals. For further information consult Admiralty Sailing Directions. 3.2. CURRENTS Throughout the year the current is predominantly easterly in direc 3 tion with a rate of about Уг to Л knot. 3.3. CANARY CURRENT The Canary Current flows southwest between the islands through out the year at a mean rate of 0'5 knots. Meteorological conditions may affect both the rate and direction of flow. For further informa tion see Admiralty Sailing Directions. 3.4. AGULHAS CURRENT The Agulhas Current sets to the south-west, with mean rates of about IV2 knots in July and 2 knots in January, but rates of about 5 knots have been recorded in all months of the year. The current is particularly fast and narrow off the coast north of East London. In shore counter-currents are common. See Sailing Directions for fur ther details. 3.5. The Agulhas Current flows westward, roughly parallel to the coast. Westward of longitude 24°E it spreads out over the Agulhas Bank and weakens to rates of Уг to 1 knot, occasionally of up to 3 knots. The northern edge of this current, has a tendency to set towards the land. An inshore counter-current of about 1 knot setting eastwards and generally following the trend of the coast may often be experi enced between 1 to 6 miles offshore; see Admiralty Sailing Direc tions. 3.6. ABNORMAL WAVES Abnormal waves up to 20 metres high, preceded by a deep trough, may be encountered north of latitude 33°30'S in the area between the
174 edge of the continental shelf and 20 miles to seaward of it: see Ad miralty Sailing Directions. 3.7. SELATTANJONG HAKIM , The use of Selat Tanjong Hakim (1°13 N, ЮЗ°5ГЕ) during the flood stream is not recommended and should never be attempted by low powered vessels.
Some helpful words: predominantly - преобладающе variable - переменный eddy - водоворот to impose (on, upon) - налагать pattern - модель flow - поток, течение to experience - ощущать, испытывать to affect - влиять, воздействовать countercurrents - противотечение common - общий roughly - приблизительно to weaken - ослабевать trend - направление to precede - предшествовать trough [trof] - подошва волны to encounter - встречать, наталкиваться to attempt - пытаться
4. Depths 4.1. CHANGING DEPTHS Channel depths are continually changing. Consult the Port Control Centre, London for the latest information. Depths in the vicinity of drying banks and in the passages between them are also subject to continual change. Such passages should only be used with caution. 4.2, CHANGING DEPTHS The Hong Kong Authorities advise vessels to avoid entering the , spoil grounds, centred on positions 22°09 '7N., 113°59'-7E. and
175 22°I7'-3N., 114°03'-8E. with an area extending northwards to ,e 22°18 lN. (арртОХ^ since depths are continually changing. 4.3. DEPTH CONTOURS In depths of less than 6m, contour values differ between Danish and le Swedish waters south of 55°47 46N as follows: Danish waters - 2m, 4m and 6m Swedish waters - 3m and 6m 4.4. SHOAL DEPTHS Deep-draught vessels should note the existence of depths of less than 13 metres in and near the Deep-draught Vessels Approach Area. 4.5. SANDWAVES Mariners are warned that sandwaves exist in the areas indicated; depths shoaler than those charted may be encountered, particularly after periods of calm weather at neap tides. Depths in upright fig ures in these areas are the least depths found during the last 10 years. For further information, see The Mariners Handbook and Admiralty Sailing Directions. f 4.6. DROGDEN - MAXIMUM DRAUGHT (55°38'-N, 12°42 -E) The depth in the dredged channel through Drogden is 8 metres (26ft) at Mean Sea Level (MSL). The Sound Pilot Station will, at MSL, accept ships with a draught of up to 7-7 metres (25ft). 4.7. EXTRACTION AREAS Depths in the areas are unreliable due to extraction of raw materials. Depth reductions must he expected. 4.8. VEROLME CORK DOCKYARD The designated depths shown alongside the docks and berths were dredged in 1973 but silting is liable to occur.
Some helpful words:
to be subject to - быть подверженным spoil ground - район свалки грунта since - так как
176 contour - очертание, контур existence - наличие to encounter - (неожиданно) встретить upright figure - вертикальная/прямая цифра to accept - принимать extraction area - район добычи unreliable - ненадежный designated - обозначенный, указанный silting - заиливание liable - вероятный, возможный to occur - возникать, происходить
5. Oil and gas fields, cable and pipeline areas 5.1. OIL AND GAS FIELDS Mariners should navigate with caution in these areas us numerous structures and obstructions exist, not all of which are charted or marked. Production platforms and associated structures, including tanker moorings, storage tankers and platforms on pipelines, gener ally exhibit Mo(U) lights, aircraft obstruction lights, and audible fog signals. Unauthorized navigation is prohibited within 500 metres of all such structures, including storage tankers which can swing about their moorings. Tankers manoeuvring in the vicinity of platforms and moorings should be given a wide berth. For further information see The Mariner's Handbook, NP100.
5.2. PIPELINES Gas from a damaged oil or gas pipeline could cause an explosion or some other serious hazard. Pipelines are not always buried and their presence may effectively reduce the charted depth by as much as 2 metres. Where pipelines are close together, only one may be charted. Mariners should not anchor or trawl in the vicinity of a pipeline; they may risk prosecution if damage is caused. 5.3. PIPELINES Mariners are advised not to anchor or trawl in the vicinity of pipe lines. Gas from a damaged oil or gas pipeline could cause an explo sion, loss of a vessel's buoyancy or other serious hazard. Pipelines are not always buried and may effectively reduce the charted depth
177 by up to 2 m. They may also span seabed undulations and cause fishing gear to become irrecoverably snagged, putting a vessel in severe danger. See Admiralty Annual Notice to Mariners No 24 and The Mariner's Handbook. 5.4. CABLE AND PIPELINE AREA (50°46'N, 1°21'W) Vessels are warned not to anchor, dredge, trawl or engage in any other activity which may damage the telephone and high-voltage cables and gas pipes which exist within the area marked by pecked lines from Egypt Point to Stansore Point and from Thorness Bay to Inchmery House. The gas pipelines contain flammable gas under high pressure; any vessel damaging them would face an immediate fire hazard. Some of the cables and pipes lie close to the eastern and western limits of the area. 5.5. POWER CABLES Mariners are warned not to anchor or trawl near the cross-Channel power cables and on no account to cut them should they be fouled. 5.6. PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION AREA Mariners are warned that until mooring buoys, floating plant, swamped moorings and other underwater obstructions exist within ! п the pecked lines (55°52' 06"N 5°02 54 W).
Helpful words and word combinations: production platform - добывающая платформа associated structure - примыкающее сооружение storage tanker - танкер для хранения нефтепродуктов audible ['o:dibl] - звуковой unauthorized - неразрешенный, несанкционированный to swing - разворачиваться to give a wide berth - обходить на значительном расстоянии explosion - взрыв hazard - опасность to bury - зарывать, закапывать as much as— на to trawl - тралить prosecution - судебное преследование
178 buoyancy - плавучесть to span - перекрывать seabed undulation - волнообразная поверхность дна fishing gear - рыболовные снасти irrecoverably - непоправимо to snag - зацеплять, захватывать to put in severe danger - привести к серьезной опасности pecked line - пунктирная линия to engage - заниматься flammable gas - воспламеняющейся газ to face a hazard - встретить опасность on no account - ни в коем случае to foul - запутываться unlit mooring buoy - несветящая швартовная бочка floating plant - плавучая установка swamped moorings - затопленные швартовы
6. Areas and Limits 6.1. FIRING PRACTICE AREAS Although no restrictions are placed on the right to transit the firing practice areas at any time, mariners are advised to exercise particu lar caution whilst in an area. Red flags or red lights are displayed to indicate that an area is in use. The firing practice areas are operated using a clear range procedure. Exercises and firing only take place when the areas are considered to be clear of all shipping. For further details see Annual Notice to Mariners No 5, Bylaws, Practice and Exercise Areas (PEXA) charts and Admiralty List of Radio Signals. 6.2. FIRING PRACTICE AREAS HYTHE FIRING RANGES (51°03''ON Г03'-5Е), LYDD FIRING RANGES (50°55''5N, o 0 53'-0E) Use of the Hythe and Lydd Firing Ranges is indicated by a display of red flags or red lights. See Byelaws, Annual Notice to Mariners No 5, Practice and Exercise Areas (PEXA) Charts and Admiralty List of Radio Signals.
179 6.3. FORMER MINED AREA (50°12'-0N, 1°14'-0E) This area is a former mined area in which mines could still present a hazard for vessels anchoring, fishing or engaged in submarine or seabed operations. For further details, see Admiralty Sailing Direc tions and Annual Notice to Mariners No 6. 6.4. SUBMARINE EXERCISE AREA Submarines exercise frequently, both surfaced and dived, in the area covered by this chart. A good lookout is to be kept for them when passing through these waters. See Practice and Exercise Areas Chart and Annual Notice to Mariners No 8. 6.5. RESTRICTED AREA - SELAT PAUH (1°13'-2N, 103°43U2E) No unauthorised person shall enter or remain within this area whenever military manoeuvres are conducted. The area will be cor doned off during such manoeuvres. 6.6. RESTRICTED AREA (Keppel Harbour- Western Part) Entry is prohibited to vessels over 52 metres high. Vessels between 48 and 52 metres high must obtain written permission from the Port Master to enter or remain in the area. 6.7. PULAU TEKUKOR RESTRICTED AREA No vessel is allowed within Restricted Area A when a red flag is dis played on the summit of Pulau Tekukor. No oil barge, tanker, chemical or gas carrier which is not certified as free from flammable vapour, except those exempted by the Port Master, is allowed within Restricted Area B. 6.8. ENTRY RESTRICTED (1°17'N, 103°59«E) Vessels over 49 metres high must obtain written permission from the Port Master to enter the Eastern Petroleum 'B1 Anchorage, East ern Petroleum !C Anchorage. Eastern Special Purposes 'A' Anchor age and the extreme western part of the Eastern Special Purposes 'B* Anchorage.
180 6.9. DEEP-DRAUGHT VESSELS APPROACH AREA (50°39'N, 0°56'W) Deep-draught vessels manoeuvre in this area to enter Nab Channel. Other vessels are advised not to anchor within it or to impede the safe approach of deep-draught vessels. 6.10. ENTRY RESTRICTED (50'47'N, 10I9'W) All vessels over 150 metres in length navigating in the area indi cated win be given a Moving Prohibited Zone of 1000 metres ahead and 100 metres either side. Vessels under 20 metres in length will be prohibited from entering this Zone. See Admiralty Sailing Direc tions, NP 27, for details. 6.11. DREDGING AREAS Vessels engaged in dredging are frequently at work in the vicinity of Shingles Bank (50°41'-ON, 1°35'-0W), Solent Bank (50°44'-5N, 1°25'-7W) and the eastern approaches to The Solent (50°37'-6N, 0°55'-5W and 50°35'-4 N, lo01'-6W). Such vessels may be slow mov ing and may change direction without warning. 6.12. TRAFFIC IDENTIFICATION ZONE (Baie de Seine Trafic) Vessels over 50 m in length entering or bound to or from any port or area within the zone, should call Baie de Seine Trafic and then maintain a listening watch on VHF channel 16. See Admiralty List of Radio Signals for full details. 6.13. MARITIME LIMITS Maritime limits (UNCLOS) are correct at the date of publication of this edition of the chart. New editions of large-scale charts and the corresponding approximate adjustments for the limits are an nounced by NtM; detailed adjustments (series of co-ordinates) of the limits are available from the Netherlands Hydrographic Office and will be published in the next edition. Fishery zones, if based on the UNCLOS-baseline, correspond with these maritime limits. For de tails of the fishery zones consult "Netherlands Coast Guard" or "Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries".
181 Helpful words and word combinations: firing practice area - район учебных стрельб restriction - ограничение to exercise particular caution - соблюдать особую осторожность whilst = while to consider - считать bylaw - распоряжение органов местной власти firing range - дальность стрельбы former - бывший, прежний seabed operations - придонные работы submarine exercise area - район учений подводных лодок to exercise - проводить учение surfaced - надводное (положение) dived - подводное (положение) unauthorized - лицо, не имеющее полномочий to remain - оставаться to cordon [ko:dn] - окружать, блокировать permission - разрешение to allow - позволять, разрешать summit - вершина (горы) vapour [Veipa] - пар to exempt - освобождать to impede - мешать, затруднять maritime limit - граница района на воде to announce - объявлять NtM - Notice to Mariners
7. Rocks, Wrecks, Obstructions 7.1. CAUTION-REEFS, DEPTHS A good berth should be given to all reefs on this chart. Mariners are advised that uncharted coral heads may exist within the 100 metre contour, especially in the areas: 1. South of Shi'b Mismari (21°19'-N, 39°01'-8E approx). 2. East and north of Shi'b al Kabir (21°40'-9N, 38°50'-4E approx).
182 Reefs dry during the summer months when northerly winds are blowing. They arc covered by up to 1 metre of water when southerly winds blow. 7.2. REPORTED REEFS Two extensive reefs have been reported to exist between 21°2re7N, 38°48'-0E and 21°26'-0N, 38°54'-7E. Although these have not been disproved, their existence is considered to be doubtful. Neverthe less, mariners should proceed with particular caution in this area. 7.3. NAVIGATIONAL AIDS AND WRECKS Certain lights, wrecks and navigational aids have been omitted from this chart; for details of these the larger scale charts and the appro priate Admiralty Publications should be consulted. 7.4. HISTORIC WRECKS The sites of historic wrecks are protected from unauthorised inter ference. For details see Annual Notice to Mariners No 16 and Admi ralty Sailing Directions. 7.5. WRECKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS Small unknown wrecks and obstructions not detected by hydro- graphic surveys may lie in the area covered by this chart. 7.6. OBSTRUCTIONS (50°44,e5N, 1°26''6W) Vessels are warned not to anchor, sweep or trawl in the area en closed by pecked lines close westward of Solent Bank owing to the existence of obstructions. 7.7. DANGER AREA Within the pecked area (24°58'N 54°53,E) a fire hazard to electronic equipment exists owing to radio transmissions in the 1470 to 1490 kHz frequency band. Masters of vessels are advised to avoid the area. See Admiralty Sailing Directions. 7.8. FOULS Fouls have been omitted from this chart in the area covered by lar ger scale charts 1185,1607,1828,2052 and 2482.
183 7.9. SHELLFISH BEDS ! f Shellfish beds exist in the entrance to the Swale (51°22 N, 0°58 E) and I the area of shallow water extending to Reculver (51°23 N, 1°12'E). Vessels grounding are liable to pay damages. 7.10. FISHING STAKES Fishing stakes exist in the area covered by this chart, particularly within the 10 metre depth contour. Their positions are frequently changed. 7.11. FISHING STAKES Mariners are warned that numerous fishing stakes exist in Danish and Swedish coastal waters. 7.12. FISHING STAKES Fishing stakes are numerous throughout the area covered by this chart, especially within the 10 metre line. 7.13. TUNNY NETS Tunny nets may be found extending as much as seven miles off shore. Mariners are warned to keep a good lookout for these nets, which are generally marked by day and night, and as described in the Sailing Directions.
Helpful words and word combinations:
to give a good berth to - обходить на значительном расстоянии extensive - обширный to disprove - опровергать nevertheless - тем не менее to omit - опускать, не включать appropriate - соответствующий site - место unauthorised interference - несанкционированное вмешательство to detect - замечать, обнаруживать to sweep - тралить, производить траление to enclose - ограничивать, окружать
184 foul - остатки затонувшего судна или другой опасный район, более не представляющий опасности для надводного плавания, но не рекомендуемый для постановки судов на якорь, траления и т. д. shellfish bed - устричная банка liable - обязанный fishing stakes - рыбные заколы tunny nets - тунцовая сеть
8. Precautionary area 8.1. SUNK (51°5rN, 1°37'E) Vessels entering this area should navigate with extreme caution as vessels boarding and landing pilots may be encountered, some of which may be constrained by their draught. VHF Channel 14 should be monitored, see Admiralty List of Radio Signals. ! 8.2. FISHERMAN S GAT (5r37'N, Г20'Е) Mariners are warned that within this Precautionary Area, manoeu vring traffic may be encountered entering or leaving the Fisherman's Gat. Extra care should be exercised when approaching the conflu ence of the Black Deep and Fisherman's Gat and also when ap proaching the Knock John Channel. Mariners are reminded that ad vice on shipping movements in this area is available from Port Con trol, London on VHF. See Admiralty List of Radio Signals. 8.3. OAZE Vessels entering the area indicated between Shivering Sand (51°29'-8N, 1°04'-9E) and Sea Reach No 1 buoy (51°29'-4N, 0°52'-6E) should navigate with extreme caution .as deep-draught vessels with limited manoeuvrability, as well as crossing traffic, may be encoun tered. Anchoring in this area is prohibited. HARWICH CHANNELS (including the Harwich Deep Water, North and South Channels) Vessels should navigate with extreme caution in the Harwich Chan nels and their approaches, as deep-draught ships and crossing traf fic may be encountered. Yachts entering and leaving Harwich Har-
185 bour are recommended to keep south and west of the Approach Channels. ENTRY RESTRICTED - Vessels should not enter the Harwich Deep Water Channel in the areas indicated. ANCHORING PROHIBITED - Anchoring is prohibited in, and within 60 metres of, the channels. FISHING PROHIBITED - Fishing is prohibited in the channels in shore of an extended line through Washington Buoy, No 1 Harwich Channel Buoy and No 2 Harwich Channel Buoy. REGULATORY SYSTEM - Vessels over 50 GRT must use the North and South Channels unless confined by their draught to the Deep Water Channel or unless otherwise expressly permitted by the Har bour Master. OAZE - RESTRICTED ZONE Vessels, other than fishing and pleasure craft, are to avoid this zone (51°29'7N, 0°58'-0E). 8.4. PRECAUTIONARY AREA "NOORD HINDER JUNCTION" Vessels should proceed with caution in the area where the traffic lanes merge. Vessels should, if practicable, not enter a circular area of one mile diameter around the Noordhinder Lightbuoy. All ves sels should keep the circular area on their port side unless the den sity of traffic, the pHotage (helicopter operations) or the weather conditions warrant otherwise. 8.5. PRECAUTIONARY AREA "MAASm Vessels should proceed with caution in the area where the traffic lanes merge. Any vessel which is not compelled to adhere to the Deep Water route should, if practicable, not enter the circular area of about one mile in diameter around a position half a mile north of the "Mass Center buoy". All vessels should keep the above circular area on their port side unless the available waterdepth, the density of traffic, the pilotage or the weather conditions warrant otherwise. Passing traffic which is not entering or leaving the adjacent ports should avoid the precautionary area. Anchoring in the precaution ary area is not recommended.
186 8.6. PRECAUTIONARY AREA-SINKI FAIRWAY
Mariners should navigate with particular caution in this area be cause there may be vessels berthing or unberthing at Pulau Busing Paktahk Terminal, or deep-draught vessels navigating against the recommended direction of traffic flow. For further details see Admi ralty Sailing Directions.
Helpful words and word combinations: to encounter - (неожиданно) встретить to constrain - сдерживать, стеснять gat - пролив между песчаными отмелями precautionary area - район плавания повышенной осторожности confluence - пересечение to remind - напоминать to confine - ограничивать expressly - четко to permit - разрешать, позволять pleasure craft - прогулочные плавсредства to merge - сливаться, соединяться density of traffic - плотность движения to warrant [Vorsnt] - гарантировать, обеспечивать to compel - заставлять, принуждать to adhere to - придерживаться adjacent - близлежащий
9. Anchorages and offshore installations 9.1. ANCHORAGE AREAS Anchorage area No 3 is reserved for vessels destined for Koben- havns Havn. Other vessels should use anchorage area No 1 or No 2. Anchorage area No 1 is reserved for vessels with a draught of 6 me tres or more. The anchorage areas in Lundakra Bukten (55°46''9N, 12°52'-0E) and Lommabukten (55°42'-0N, 12°56'-0E) are of poor holding quality. In strong winds vessels with large superstructures and those particularly susceptible to currents are advised to main tain an anchor watch and remain at short readiness for sea. For al-
187 tentative anchorages manners should contact Malmo pilot station. See Admiralty List of Radio Signals for working details. 9.2. DESIGNATED ANCHORAGE Mariners should consult the Sailing Directions for regulations con ! o f l! cerning the designated anchorage No 7 (55°51 18"N 5 01 54 W). 9.3. ANCHORING PROHIBITED Numerous disused cables run westward from Punta Chorrillos. An choring is prohibited in their vicinity. 9.4. ANCHORING REGULATIONS Within the Singapore Port Limits, no vessel shall, except in an emer gency, anchor in an area outside its appropriate designated anchor age. 9.5. K0BENHAVNS RED Foreign warships are prohibited from anchoring or passing through K0benhavns Red without permission. 9.6. CAUTION As a result of Hurricane Andrew, numerous platforms have been severely damaged or are submerged in unknown locations, along with other debris. Wrecks and submerged obstructions may have been displaced from charted locations, and pipelines may have be come uncovered or moved due to the force of storm surge. Aids to navigation might not be reliable. Mariners are urged to exercise ex treme caution and are requested to report aids to navigation dis crepancies and hazards to navigation to the nearest Coast Guard Unit. 9.7. NUMEROUS WELLS
Refer to larger scale chart 2056 for details of wells and platforms.
Helpful words and word combinations:
to reserve - предназначать susceptible [sa'septatya)!] - восприимчивый, подверженный designated anchorage - назначенная якорная стоянка disused cable - вышедший из употребления кабель
188 severely - сильно debris ['debri:] - обломки surge - большая волна, волны reliable - надежный to urge - настаивать, настоятельно просить discrepancy - несоответствие
10, Tracks, Routes 10.1. RECOMMENDED TRACKS Figures on recommended tracks shown thus: <73 m>, indicate the maximum permitted draught of vessels (operating with pilotage as sistance) for which the tracks are authorised at Mean Sea Level. Authorised draughts on recommended tracks are taken from Swed ish Government publications and include latest known values. 10.2. ROUTE В Route В is a buoyed transit route from the Kattegat to the Baltic Sea and where not forming part of a DW route or traffic separation scheme is shown thus: Route В . 0 f 10.3. JONG FAIRWAY (l 13 -IN, 103°47* -6E) Jong Fairway is a two way traffic channel. The general direction of travel follows the direction of the Fairway. All vessels navigating in Jong Fairway are to navigate with caution as there may be vessels berthing/imberthing at Pulau Sebarok, Pulau Bukom, or joining the Fairway from the adjoining anchorages. For further details see Ad miralty Sailing Directions. 10.4. TRAFFIC .SEPARATION SCHEMES All charted traffic separation schemes are listed in Annual Notice to Mariners No. 17, which indicates which schemes are IMO-adopted and includes other relevant information. For the text of the IMO "Rules for Vessels Navigating in the Straits of Malacca and Singa pore" see Admiralty Sailing Directions. 10.5. TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEMES All charted Traffic Separation Schemes are listed in Annual Notice to Mariners No 17; this indicates which schemes are IMO-adopted and includes other relevant information. For information about IMO
189 mandatory and recommended routes for certain tankers and other vessels, see Admiralty Sailing Directions. 10.6. TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEMES AND ROUTEING All charted Traffic Separation Schemes are IMO-adopted. For fur ther details, see Admiralty Annual Notice to Mariners No 17. For in formation about IMO mandatory and recommended routes for cer tain tankers and other vessels, see Admiralty Sailing Directions. 10.7. APPROACH CHANNELS AND ACCESS CHANNELS-FRENCH REGULATIONS Vessels exceeding 1600 GRT laden with hydrocarbons or other dan gerous cargoes must keep at least seven miles off the French coast, except if entering Boulogne-sur-Mer or Le Havre-Antifer where the use of the charted approach and access channels is compulsory. For details see Admiralty Sailing Directions and Admiralty List of Radio Signals. 10.8. PORTSMOUTH HARBOUR ENTRANCE There is a boat channel exclusively for vessels under 20 metres long on the west side of the Entrance. Such vessels must enter the Har bour through the boat channel or close inshore on the east side of the Entrance, but must leave only through the boat channel. 10.9. WARNING TO THROUGH TRAFFIC Vessels using the traffic lanes must comply with Rule 10 of the Col lision Regulations, but they are not thereby given any right of way over crossing vessels. When risk of collision is deemed to exist, the Rules fully apply, particularly Rules 15 and 19(d)] which are of spe cific relevance in the crossing situation. 10.10. CAUTION-CROSS TRAFFIC Mariners are warned that vessels entering or leaving Singapore Port are likely to cross the traffic lanes in this area under constraint of re stricted manoeuvring room. 10.11. CROSS TRAFFIC Mariners are warned that vessels, including VLCCs, entering or leaving Singapore Port are likely lo cross the traffic lanes in the areas
190 indicated; within the Main Strait they may be under constraint of re stricted manoeuvring room. 10.12. ROUTEING-LADEN TANKERS Laden tankers should maintain a distance of not less than 25 miles off a line joining the salient points on the South African coast. Be , , tween Cape St. Francis (34°12 S, 24°50 E) and Cape Agulhas (34°50'S, , 20°00 E) vessels should steer to allow adequate clearance of the area around Alphard Banks; see Admiralty Sailing Directions. 10.13. DOVER, CROSS-CHANNEL FERRIES Ferries and hovercraft enter and leave Dover harbour by both en trances at frequent intervals. Mariners not entering the port are ad vised to maintain a distance of at least one mile off the breakwaters. Information concerning shipping movements can be obtained by VHF from Dover Port Control. See Admiralty List of Radio Signals. The jurisdiction of Dover Harbour Board extends to a distance of one mile seaward of the breakwaters. 10.14. FERRIES Mariners are warned of frequent ferry-crossings in the Singapore Straits and should therefore navigate with particular caution: - (a) in the area south of Airway buoy. 10.15. HIGH SPEED CRAFT High speed craft operate in the approaches to Harwich. Mariners are advised to maintain a good lookout. Some high speed craft may generate large waves, which can have a serious impact on small craft and their moorings close to the shoreline and on shallow off- lying banks. For further details, see Annual Notice to Mariners No 23.
Helpful words and word combinations: value - значение DW - deep water thus - таким образом adjoining - смежный, прилегающий relevant - необходимый, насущнъга
191 mandatory - обязательный routeing - установление путей laden=loaded hydrocarbon - углеводород access ['aeksas] - доступ to deem - считать to be of specific relevance - иметь особое значение to be likely - вероятно under constraint of - зд. стесненные salient ['seilisnt] - вьщающийся, выступающий вперед to allow clearance of the area - обойти на безопасном расстоянии hovercraft - судно на воздушной подушке to generate - создавать impact - влияние, воздействие
11. Services 11.1. VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICE Vessels bound to or from Southampton, Portsmouth or other desti nations in the Solent are required to communicate with The Solent, Southampton and Portsmouth Port Operations and Information Service. See Admiralty List of Radio Signals. Vol. 6, Part 1, for work ing details. 11.2. VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICE For procedures and working details of the Singapore Vessel Traffic Information Service (VTIS) and the Malacca and Singapore Straits Ship Reporting System (STRAITREP), see Admiralty List of Radio Signals. 11.3. VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES Certain vessels are required to communicate with the Singapore Vessel Traffic Information Service or Sembawang Control as appro priate. They are also advised to participate in the Malacca and Sin gapore Straits Reporting System. See Admiralty List of Radio Sig nals Vol. 6, part 2 for working details.
192 11.4. RADIO REPORTING Participation in the Singapore Port Operations Service is mandatory. Vessels are advised to participate also in the Malacca Strait Report ing System. See Admiralty List of Radio Signals Vol 6, Part 2 for working details. 11.5. RADIO REPORTING Vessels carrying anhydrous ammonia or LPG are required to report to Cork Port Operations Service. See Admiralty List of Radio Signals Vol 6, Part 1 for working details. 11.6. HELICOPTER OPERATIONS Pilot transfer by means of heUcopter may be expected in circular ar eas around the symbol Ф H. The radius of the circle is given in nau tical miles. See The Netherlands Coast Pilot (HP 1) or Admiralty List of Radio Signals.
Some helpful words and word combinations: to participate - принимать участие participation - участие anhydrous ammonia [aen'haidras э'тэшиэ] - безводный аммиак
12. Miscellaneous 12.1. RIVER DELTAS: JAWA It has been reported that river deltas along the north coast of Jawa are extending seaward. Mariners should navigate with caution in their vicinity as depths may be less than charted. See also Admiralty Sailing Directions.
12.2. CHANGEABLE COASTLINE; SELAT BANGKA (2°52'S 105°58'E) The mangrove coastline in Selat Bangka is constantly changing and should not be relied upon for navigation; some areas are reported to be receding and others to be extending.
193 12.3. LOCAL MAGNETIC ANOMALIES Local magnetic anomalies are reported to exist in the areas indicated on this chart. See Admiralty Sailing Directions. 12.4. INCOMPLETE SURVEYS Inside the area enclosed by — — — surveys are not complete and uncharted shoals may exist. Blue tint is omitted from these areas. 12.5. EFFECT OF LAND UPLIFT Depths, which are reduced to Mean Sea Level (1940-80) are subject e to a decrease of approximately 0 3cm per year.
Some helpful words and word combinations: mangrove - мангровый to rely upon - полагаться to recede - удаляться, отступать complete - полный tint - оттенок uplift - подъем, поднятие to be subject to - быть подверженным
IX. Look through international chart abbreviations and learn them.
CHART ABBREVIATIONS
Lights Огни
Lt Light огонь Lts Lights огни F Fixed постоянный Oc Single-occulting затмевающийся Iso Isophase изофазный Fl Single-flashing проблесковый LF1 Long-flashing длительнопроблесковый Q Continuous quick частый проблесковый
194 IQ Interrupted quick прерывистый частопробле- сковый VQ Continuous very quick очень частопроблесковый IVQ Interrupted very quick прерывистый очень часто- проблесковый UQ Continuous ultra quick ультрачастый проблесковый IUQ Interrupted ultra quick прерывистый ультрачастый проблесковый Mo Morse Code код Морзе Al Alternating переменный W White белый R Red красный G Green зеленый Bu Blue голубой Vi Violet фиолетовый Y Yellow желтый Or Orange оранжевый Am Amber янтарный Ldg Leading light створный огонь Dir Directional light направленный (ведущий) огонь (occas) Occasional огонь, зажигаемый по мере необходимости Aero Aeronautical аэронавигационный RLts Air obstruction lights огни, ограждающие пре пятствия для воздушных судов Fog Det. Fog Detector Light регистратор дальности ви Lt димости ALL Admiralty Lists of список огней и туманных Lights and Fog Signals сигналов (exting) Extinguished погашенный FFI Fixed and flashing light постоянный с проблеском
195 (hor) Horizontally disposed расположенный горизон тально Intens Intensified (light with In усиленный (огонь с уси tensified sector) ленным сектором освеще ния) LL List of lights список огней Lt Ho Light house маяк Lt V Light vessel плавучий маяк Obscd obscured all-round light круговой огонь с затемнен ным сектором (priv) private частный (temp) Temporary временный (vert) Vertically disposed расположенный верти кально Buoys and Beacons Буи и знаки
В Black черный Bn Beacon знак Bns Beacons знаки Mk mark отметка IALA International Association МАМС of Lighthouse Authorities DZ Danger Zone опасная зона NB Notice Board щит с навигационными предупреждениями ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition система сбора океаногра System фических данных Ref Refuge (refuge beacon) спасательно-аварийный знак Refl Retroreflecting mate- светоотражающий матери rial(may be fitted to some ал unlit marks) * * Charts do not usually show it. Black bands will appear dark blue under a spotlight.
196 Fog Signals Туманные сигналы explos explosive взрывоопасный Dia diaphone диафон Whis whistle свисток Sig signal сигнал Radar, Radio, Electronic Position-Fixing Systems Радиоэлектронные системы определения местоположения судна
RW rotating pattern radio bea вращающийся радиомаяк con Ra coast radar station береговая радиолокацион ная станция Remark radar beacon радиолокационный маяк Racon radar transponder beacon радиолокационный маяк- ответчик FRacon Fixed frequency radar радиолокационный маяк- transponder beacon ответчик, работающий на постоянной частоте RC Non-directional Radio bea- морской радиомаяк нена con правленного действия RD Directional Radio beacon радиомаяк направленного действия R Coast radio station provid- береговая радиостанция, ing QTG service работающая по запросу для пеленгования WGS World Geodetic System всемирная геодезическая система координат RG Radio Direction-Finding радиопеленгаторная стан Station ция Services Службы
Ref Refuge убежище для потерпевших кораблекрушение моряков SS Signal Station сигнальная станция
197 INT International международный H Helicopter transfer (pilots) доставка вертолетом (лоц манов) CG Coastguard station станция береговой охраны Positions, Distances, Directions, Compass Местоположение, расстояния, наставления, компас
PA Position approximate местоположение прибли зительное PD Position doubtful местоположение сомни тельное N North север E East восток S South юг W West запад NE Northeast северо-восток SE Southeast юго-восток NW Northwest северо-запад sw Southwest юго-запад km Kilometer(s) километр m Meter(s) метр dm Decimeter(s) дециметр cm Centimeter(s) сантиметр nun Millimeter(s) миллиметр M International Nautical морская миля Mile(s), Sea mile(s) ft Foot/Feet фут/ футы h Нош час m, min Minute(s) of time минута s, sec Second(s) of time секунда kn Knot(s) узел t Ton(s), Torme(s) тонна cd Candela свеча decrg Decreasing уменьшение
198 fm, fms Fathom, Fathoms сажень incrg Increasing увеличение Lat Latitude широта Long Longitude долгота Mag Magnetic магаитный Var Variation магнитное склонение, из менение Cultural Features Искусственные сооружения
Ru Ruins развалины Bldg Building здание Pyl Pylon пилон, свая, опора Sta Station станция Ports Порты
Lndg Landing for boats место швартовки для кате ров Ro Ro Roll-on, Roll-off ferry терминал для судов типа terminal РО-РО Bol Bollard кнехт, швартовая тумба Dn, Dns Dolphin(s) куст свай Hosp Hospital больница HrMr Harbour Master капитан порта Lndg Landing place место высадки PO Post office почта Whf Wharf причал Depths Глубины
ED Existence doubtful существование сомни тельно SD Sounding of doubtful промер сомнительных depth глубин Rep Reported по донесению unexam Unexamined неисследованный
199 Rocks, Wrecks, Obstructions Скалы, затонувшие суда, препятствия Br Breakers буруны Wk Wreck затонувшее судно Obstn Obstruction препятствие cov Covers покрывается водой Discol Discolored waters отличительный цвет воды dr Dries осыхает uncov Uncovers осыхает Offshore Installations, Submarine Cables, Submarine Pipelines Морские сооружения, Подводный кабель, Подводный тру бопровод
Fla Flare stack факел Prod well Production well добывающая скважина ALC Articulated Loading Col шарнирная грузовая ко umn лонка CALM Catenary Anchor Leg выносной точечный при Mooring чал с анкерным креплени ем Chem chemical химический SALM Single Anchor Leg Moor одноякорный выносной ing причал SBM Single Buoy Mooring причал для танкеров SPM Single Point Mooring точечный способ швар товки (для танкеров) SWOPS Single Well Oil Produc односкважинная нефте tion System добывающая система Tracks, routes Пути, маршруты
Ra Radar Range дальность действия РЛС Ra Radar Reference Line радиолокационный створ DW Deep-water большая глубина Bn, Bns Beacon, Beacons знак(и) No Number номер
200 DG, DG Degaussing range контрольно- Range измерительная магнитная станция EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone экономическая зона (temp) Temporary временный Hydrographic Terms Гидрографические термины
SMt Seamount подводная гора Abt About приблизительно Anch. Anchorage якорная стоянка Appr. Approaches подходы В. Bay бухта Bk. Bank банка, берег реки Chan. Channel канал Cr. Creek река dest Destroyed разрушенный discont Discontinued не используется dist Distant находящийся на расстоя нии Ent. Entrance вход Est. Estuary устье exper Experimental экспериментальный Fj. Fjord фьорд G. Gulf залив L. Lake озеро Le. Ledge гряда Mth. Mouth устье Pass. Passage проход prohib Prohibited запрещенный proj Projected выступающий prom Prominent приметный Rds. Roads, Roadstead рейд Rf Reef риф
201 Sd. Sound узкий залив, лагуна Sh. Shoal мель Str. Strait пролив subm Submerged подводный Landmarks Береговые ориентиры
Cas Castle замок Ch Church церковь Chy Chimney труба Cup Cupola купол FS Flagstaff, Flagpole флагшток Mon Monument памятник Pag Pagoda пагода Radome Radar dome обтекатель антенн Sc Scanner вращающаяся радиолока ционная антенна Sp Spire шпиль Tr Tower башня TvTr Television Tower телевизионная башня Water tr Water Tower водонапорная башня Topographic terms Топографические термины
Arch. Archipelago архипелаг Ave Avenue авеню C. Cape мыс Dk Dock док Hd. Headland мыс (обычно крутой и скалистый) Hn. Haven бухта Ho House дом Hr. Harbour гавань I. Island, islet остров Lag. Lagoon лагуна LASH Lighter Aboard Ship лихтеровоз
202 LNG Liquefied Natural Gas сжиженный природный газ LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas сжиженный нефтяной газ Mt. Mountain, mount гора P. Port порт Pen. Peninsula полуостров PK. Peak вершина Prom. Promontory мыс Pt. Point мыс Rk. Rock скала S. Saint святой Sch School школа St Street улица Tel Telephone телефон VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier супертанкер (дедвейт бо лее 175 ООО тонн) Vol. Volcano вулкан Small Craft Facilities Сооружения для небольших судо!
SC sailing club яхт-клуб YC yacht club яхт-клуб Miscellaneous Разное
ALL Admiralty List of Lights Адмиралтейский список and Fog Signals огней и туманных сигна лов ALRS Admiralty List of Radio Адмиралтейский список Signals радиосигналов ANM Annual Summary of Ad ежегодная сводка извеще miralty Notices to Mari ний мореплавателей ners Ann Annually ежегодно ASD Admiralty Sailing Direc Адмиралтейские лоции tions
203 ATT Admiralty Tide Tables Адмиралтейские таблицы приливов AUS Australia Австралия Dir Direction направление, наставление FAD Fish Aggregating Device рыболовный комплекс Gr Group Of (Islands) группа (островов) grt Gross Registered tonnage брутго-ретстровый тон наж IHO International Hydro- Международная гидро- graphic Organization графическая организация IMO International Maritime ИМО Organization ITZ Inshore Traffic Zone зона прибрежного плава ния LL List of Lights список огней
NM Notices to Mariners извещение мореплавате лям NZ New Zealand Новая Зеландия
(P) Preliminary (NM) предварительный
Pos Position местоположение
R River река
SD Sailing Directions лоция (руководство)
T Temporary (NM) временный TSS Traffic Separation Scheme схема разделения движе ния судов ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier супертанкер (более 350000 т) Vel Velocity скорость
204 Tides and Currents Приливы и течения
CD Chart Datum нуль гаубин карты
HAT Highest Astronomical самый высокий теоретиче Tide ский уровень прилива, воз можный по астрономиче ским условиям HW High Water высокая вода
LAT Lowest Astronomical самый низкий теоретиче Tide ский уровень прилива, воз можный по астрономиче ским условиям LW Low Water малая вода
MHHW Mean Higher High Water средняя высокая полная во да MHLW Mean Higher Low Water средняя высокая малая вода
MHW Mean High Water средняя высокая вода
MHWN Mean High Water Neaps средняя полная вода в квадратуру MHWS Mean High Water средняя полная вода в сизи Springs гию MLHW Mean Lower High Water средняя низкая полная вода
MLLW Mean Lower Low Water средняя низкая малая пода
MLW Mean Low Water средняя малая вода
MLWN Mean Low Water Neaps средняя малая вода в квад ратуру MLWS Mean Low Water Springs средняя малая вода в сизи гию MSL Mean Sea Level средний уровень моря MTL Mean Tide Level средний уровень полных и малых вод Np Neap Tide квадратурный прилив
205 OD Ordnance datum нуль государственной ни велировки Sp Spring Tides сшигайньгй прилив
Nature of Seabed Характеристика грунта
В black черный bk broken битый, ломаный Bl blue голубой с coarse крупный ca calcareous известковый Cb cobbles валуны Co corals кораллы cy clay глина f fine мелкий G gravel гравий h hard твердый M mud ил m medium средний P pebbles крупная галька R rocks скалы S sand песок sf stiff жесткий Sh sheik ракушки Si silt ил, тина so soft мягкий St stones камни sy sticky вязкий
V volcanic вулканический Wd weed водоросли
206 X. Match the following chart abbreviations with their meanings and translate them into Russian.
1. Anch a) non-directional marine radio beacon 2. Arch b) landing place 3. В c) shoal 4. Bl d) radar beacon 5. Br e) leading 6. bk f) directional radio beacon 7. H g) volcanic 8. h h) black 9. Ladg i) strait 10. Lag j) radar transponder beacon 11. Ldg k) anchorage 12. M 1) medium 13. m m) helicopter 14. Racon n) broken 15. Ramark o) sound 16. RC p) hard 17. RD q) lagoon 18. RG r) archipelago 19. Sch s) school 20. SD t) breakers 21. Sd u) volcano 22. Sh v) street 23. St w) mud 24. Str x) blue 25. V y) sounding of depth doubtful 26. Vol z) radio direction-finding station
XL Explain what the following chart abbreviations mean and translate them into Russian.
S bk Sh G; Fl. Y. 2.5 s; F1(2)G; awash at HW Springs; 2 Chy (R Lts); Aero Al. Fl. WG; Mo (U)Y. 15 s 4M; Obstns; fS. M.Cy; Obscd; Oc(2) 15 s 43 m 18M; SS(Ice); soM.bk Sh. S; R. Brede; Camble Castle (ru); Q(9) 5M Horn (1) 7s; Wk (PA); m S Pbk Sh GM;RGRa;Iso G 5s 6M;Fl(2+1) 15s25m 19M;SD.
207 XII. Do this word puzzle using chart abbreviations. The number of letters in the abbreviations is shown in brackets.
1 2 3 Across .w 1. A light that shows flashes 4 5 (repetition rate of 80 to 159
6 7 flashes per minute) broken by
- dark intervals. (3) 2. Maxi 8 9 mum rise of the seas (3). 4. A f" \'X\ light that shows different col 10 11 ours alternately (2). 5. A bank
12 13 not far below the surface of '-~ i the water making it dangerous 14 to boats (2). 7. An under water obstacle (5). 8. The datum es 15 tablished on the mainland and adjacent islands as the point of origin for the land levelling system (2). 10. A radar beacon which transmits when triggered by a ship's own radar transmission (5). 12. A fog signal made by a high sound (4). 15. A conspicuous object ashore with a roof and walls (4). Down 1. A society of lighthouse personnel of different nations (4). 3. A routeing measure aimed at the separation of opposing streams of traffic by appropriate means and by the establishment of traffic lanes (3). 6. A group of small islands (4). 7. A device for collecting information about the great mass of salt water that covers most of the earth (4). 9. A place where ships may anchor (4). 11. A naturally rounded stone, used for covering the surface of roads in former times (2). 12. A plant growing under water (2). 13. A Ught that shows flashes (repetition rate of 160 or more - usually 240-340 flashes per minute) broken by dark intervals (3). 14. The state of ex isting is uncertain (2).
208 Keys
Part I. Watchkeeping
Unit I. Master
IV. 1-T, 2-T, 3-F, 4-F, 5-F, 6-T, 7-T
V. 1. overriding responsibility, 2. to assume, 3. bridge team mem bers, 4. standing orders, 5. manning level
Unit II. The Officer of the Watch (OOW)
IV. 1-T, 2-F, 3- T, 4-T, 5-F, 6-T, 7-F
V. 1-j, 2-g, 3-1, 4-o, 5-n, 6-1, 7-h, 8-k, 9-d, 10-f, 11-e, 12-a, 13-m, 14-c, 15-b
VI. 1-to comply with 2-ensure, available 3-errors 4-reinforcement 5-immediately, deteriorates 6-breakdown
Unit III. Lookout
IV. to maintain lookout; to assume the watch; to brief the lookout; to include visual, audible and electronic means; to communicate the duties; to impede the lookout; to appraise the situation; to as sign other duties; to undertake duties; to summon assistance to the bridge.
V. 1-F,2-T, 3-T,4-F,5-T
Unit IV. Navigation
IV. 1-T, 2-F, 3-T, 4-F, 5-T, 6-F
VI. 1-d, 2-е, 3-g, 4-f, 5-a, 6-h, 7-e, 8-b
209 Unit V. Passage planning
IV. 1-F, 2-T, 3-T, 4-F, 5-T, 6-T
V. 1-the Bridge Procedures Guide 2-official updated charts, pilot books, tide tables and tidal current tables, notices to mariners and radio navigation warnings 3-chart 4-the vessel^ position 5- positive control over the safe navigation of the ship at all times.
Unit VI. Collision Avoidance
IV. 1-T, 2-F, 3-F, 4-T, 5-F, 6-T, 7-T
V. to manage collision avoidance situations; to consult the rules; to decide which strategy to adopt; to evaluate the options; to de termine if risk of collision exits; to take early and substantial ac tions; to avoid the collision; to contact the vessels; to be aware of the requirements.
VI. 1-е, 2-i, 3-f, 4-m, 5-j, 6-a, 7-1,8-e, 9-k, 10-h, 11-b, 12-d, 13-g
VIII. 1. By taking a compass bearing of the approaching ship or by taking a radar bearing from a compass stabilised radar. 2. Rule 18 states that the OOW must keep out of the way of: - a vessel not under command a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre a vessel engaged in fishing a sailing vessel. 3. There is uncertainty about the identification of the ap proaching vessel, particularly in multiple ship encounters at night, and in conditions of poor visibility. The OOW on the other ship may not be able to understand the language spo ken. A lot of time might be lost in trying to establish contact when the OOW of the own ship could have taken action in accordance with the Rules earlier, the time spent establish ing contact might itself cause a close quarters situation.
210 Unit VII. Navigation with pilot on Board
IV. 1-T, 2-T, 3-F, 4-F, 5-T, 6-F, 7-T
VI. 1-relieve 2-rendezvous 3-closely 4-clarification 5-obtain 6-lee 7-appropriate
VII. 1. The draft (forward and aft), the non-availability of equip ment, the date, port and displacement and any defects which might affect the navigation of the ship. 2. As OOW I have a duty to express doubt about any unex pected deviation from the pilotage plan. I would therefore: - Ask the pilot if the action was intended. If appropriate ask the pilot to check the heading at the steer ing position to verify any compass error. If I was concerned about any deviation from the plan or the safety of the ship I would call the Master. 3. When the pilot is picked up or disembarked an officer must be in attendance with radio communication to the bridge. A second crew member should also be in attendance in case of an emergency. 4. Whenever a pilot transfer takes place there must be a lifebuoy and light ready for immediate use with a heaving line, proper illumination, a torch at night and a radio for communication.
Unit VIII. Watchkeeping at anchor
IV. 1-F, 2-T, 3-F, 4-T, 5-T, 6-T, 7-F
V. to ascertain the ship's swinging circle; to select landmarks and transits; to exhibit appropriate light and shape signals; to sound 5 short and rapid blasts on the whistle; to flash the Aldis; to pay out more cable; to maintain a check on the ship's position; to drag her anchor; to check anchor bearings; to require attentive monitoring of the VHF or Satellite Communications; to make ship inspection rounds; to present a risk of attack by pirates or armed robbers; to take precautions; to see unauthorised persons;
211 to blow the whistle; to lock out the boarders; to notify the master; to deteriorate (sea conditions or visibility).
VI. COLREGS - International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea - Международные правила по предотвраще нию столкновений судов на море (МППСС) OOW - Officer of the watch - вахтенный помощник SatComms - Satellite Communications - Спутниковая система связи SOLAS - International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea - Международная конвенция по охране человеческой жизни на море (СОЛАС) VHF - very high frequency - очень высокая частота (УКВ)
VII. 1-е, 2-d, 3-е, 4-f, 5-b, 6-1,7-а, 8-k, 9-m, 10-j, 11-g, 12-1,13-h
VIII. 1-swinging circle 2-transits 3-Aldis 4-Satellite Communica tions 5-present, pirates, armed robbers 6-illicit, major 7-monitoring, vigilant, primary, threat 8-unauthorised, general 9-notify, drags
Unit IX. Taking over the watch
IV. 1-F, 2-T, 3-T, 4-F, 5-T, 6-F, 7-T
V. 1-n, 2-a, 3-k, 4-q, 5-j, 6-m, 7-e, 8-1, 9-p, 10-s, 11-r, 12-i, 13-g, 14-a, 16-h, 17-b, 18-f, 19-t, 20-o
VI. 1-verbally 2-performing 3-prior 4-relief, deferred 5- course boards 6-prevailing, predicted 7-encountered
VIII. l.The OOW must - read, understand and sign the Masters standing orders; - check the errors of the compasses; - verify the speed and draft of the ship; - observe prevailing weather and sea conditions, visibility, sea-state and tides;
212 - understand the operational state of all navigational equipment; - be made aware of the presence and movement of all traffic in the vicinity; - be informed of the conditions and hazards likely to be en countered during the watch; - be aware of the effects of heel, trim, water density and squat on the under keel clearance; - understand the state of internal ship systems, engine and cargo monitoring, communications and crew availability; - ensure that the required lookout and helmsman, as ap propriate, are on duty, alert and properly instructed. 2. Call the master and ask for clarification. 3. Under no circumstances is the OOW to sign the Master's or ders until he fully understands the Master's instructions. If in doubt, he should call the Master for clarification of the orders. 4. The handing over of the bridge watch must be deferred until the action is completed and the vessel is in a safe condition for the relief of the watch to take place.
Test I
1.1-1,2-f, 3-n, 4-e, 5-j, 6-m, 7-h, 8-b, 9-d, 10-a, 11-c, 12-k, 13-i, 14-g
II. 1-f, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b, 5-e, 6-g, 7-c
III. 1-d, 2-g, 3-е, 4-f, 5-a, 6-c, 7-b
IV. 1-g, 2-е, 3-f, 4-d, 5-h, 6-i, 7-b, 8-c, 9-a
V. ISM - International Safety Management, SOLAS - Safety of Life at Sea, OOW - Officer of the Watch, STCW - Standards of Train ing, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, GMDSS - Global Maritime Distress and Safety System, TSS - Traffic Separa tion Scheme, SatComms - Satellite Communications
VI. If the weather deteriorates, in any potentially dangerous situa tion which might develop, if any significant equipment fails, etc
213 Test II
1.1-a, 2-h, 3-n, 4-f, 5-m, 6-d, 7-b, 8-g, 9-1,10-k, 11-c, 12-e, 13-j, 14-i
II. 1-b, 2-е, 3-d, 4-f, 5-1,6-a, 7-g
III. 1-е, 2-f, 3-a, 4-e, 5-d, 6-b, 7-g
IV. 1-b, 2-d, 3-i, 4-e, 5-c, 6-a, 7-g, 8-f, 9-h
V. IMO - International Maritime Organization, SMS - Safety Man agement System, GPS - Global Positioning System, COLREGS - International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, VHF - very high frequency, UMS - unmanned machinery space, Sat- Comms - Satellite Communications.
VI. When the visibility deteriorates, when the OOW is occupied with bridge work which requires special attention, whenever ex tra assistance is required, if there is an emergency.
Part II. Watch Officer's Duties when in Port and at Sea
Unit II. Pollution prevention
IX. 1-е, 2-е, 3-b, 4-a, 5-b, 6-a, 7-a, 8-c
Part IV. Record Keeping
II. 1. False. The true statement: Have the log book open in a convenient position and fill it in Utile and often 2. True. 3. False. The true statement: Write neatly and correct properly. Do not rub out or erase 4. True.
214 5. True. 6. False. The true statement: Postpone the general record keeping until after critical situations or until relieved
IV. Possible answers: 1. To free the mind To keep an accurate record of events To establish trends To provide evidence in the event of an incident f 2. I would look for guidance in the company s instructions and the inside cover of the log book. I would consult the Master and other senior officers on the items to be entered, their fre quency and layout 3. It is important not to become distracted when busy. I would therefore make notes of times and positions in my note book and write up the log at the end of my watch, after I was re lieved. I understand that a notebook used for this purpose may be required as admissible evidence in court. I would therefore keep it tidy and only use it for this purpose.
VIII. 1. St & S ace. PA & CC. 2. Fire and boat drills carried out. Crew have been informed and instructed. 3. V/L pitching mod'ly and rolling easily to moderate seas and swell. 4. Slight sea, vis. v. good. Compasses compared and courses checked. 5. C.O.S.V. 6. Let go stbd, anchor, 5 shcls. in (into) the water. 7. Eng. ready. РОВ Mr ... 8. F.W.E. + Pilot away. E.O.P. V/L in posn. berth 1, made fast Fore + Aft (3+1) 9. Various courses асе. P.A. & M.O. 10. Acc. to loading scale disch. 2300 mt cargo. 11. Ceased disch, due to warping 25 mtrs forwards.
215 12. Сотр. bunkering, taken in 50.1 mt FO.
IX. Possible entries: 1. V/L stopped due to eng. troubles. NUC signals exhibited a/p Int'l regulations. 2. V/L rolling heavily to beam sea and swell. Shipping seas over deck and hatches. Vis. very good, moderate in rain. 3. V/L brought up 6 shcls. F.W.E. Posn. LthBrg = 243 °(T), d = 3,4 nm. Anchor Brgs. checked frequently - V/L holding ground, V/L rolling easily to smooth sea and swell, VHF watch on ch. 16 maintained. 4. All bridge controls tested, manual + aut. steering, telegraph, whistle and all found in satisfactory working order. 5. E.O.V., V/L alongside St. S., Berth No 12, FWD and AFT (4+1). Pilot off, tugs released.
Part V. Chart Reading
II. a-6, b-4, c-1, d-5, e-3, f-2
IV. 1. No correction, except those given in Section II of Admiralty No tices to Mariners, Weekly Editions, should be made to any chart in ink. 2. Erasures should never be made. Where necessary detail should be crossed through, in the case of lines crossed with a series of short double stroked. Typing correction fluids should not be used. 3. Year and numbers of processed NtMs to be entered on the chart: permanent Notices in waterproof violet ink, Temporary and Preliminary Notices in pencil. 4. Temporary and Preliminary Notices should be rubbed out as soon as the Notice is received canceling them.
VI. Possible answers: 1.1 would note the ship's positions and work out where I would expect the ship to be at the end of the watch. I would examine the track and note that it correctly "followed on" over any chart
216 changes. I would verify the track and the compass courses cover ing my watch. I would note buoys, lights or any other conspicu ous navigational mark that I would expect to see in the next half hour. I would note the expected tidal set. I would look to see what night orders the Master had provided and mark on the chart when he requests a call. 2. OOW must check that the largest scale chart is available, cor rected up to date with the passage plan details and that future charts are stored in the right sequence. The chart equipment and other relevant publications should be ready for use.
X. 1-k, 2-r, 3-h, 4-х, 5-t, 6-n, 7-m, 8-p, 9-b, 10-q, 11-e, 12-w, 13-1,14-j, 15-d, 16-a, 17-f, 18-z, 19-s, 20-y, 21-o, 22-c, 23-v, 24-i, 25-g, 26-u.
XL sand, broken shell, gravel; flashing light, yellow in colour, period of flash is 2.5 seconds; group flashing light, green in colour; awash at high water springs; 2 chymneys with air obstruction lights (low intensity); aeronautical alternating and flashing lights, white and green in colour; light showing letter V by Morse code, yellow in colour, duration 15 seconds, visibility 4 miles; obstructions; fine sand, mud, clay; obscured; group oc culting light, period 15 seconds, exhibited at the elevation of 43 meters, visibility 18 miles; signal station (ice); soft mud, broken shell, sand; river Brede; ruins of Camble Castle; group quick flashing light with 9 flashes in a group, visibility 5 miles, fitted with a horn, one blast every 7 seconds; position of the wreck is approximate; medium sand, pebbles, broken shell, gravel, mud; radio direction finding station and coast radar station; isophase light, green in colour, duration 5 seconds, visibility 6 miles; com posite group-flashing lights (1+2), duration 15 seconds, elevation 25 m, visibility 19M; sounding of doubtful depths.
XII. Across: l.IVQ 2. HAT 4. AL 5.Sh 7,Obstn 8.0D lO.Racon 12.Whis lS.Bldg Down:l.IALA 3.TSS 6. Arch 7.0DAS 9. Anch 11. Cb 12. Wd 13.IUQ 14. ED
217 Appendix I. Extracts from IMO Standard Communication Phrases Pollution Prevention
Связь по вопросам зашиты Environmental protection окружающей среды communications 1. Обнаружено нефтяное 1. Located oil spill in position ... пятно в точке ..простира extending ... (length and width ется ... (длина и ширина в in metres) to ... (cardinal points). метрах) к... (румбы). 2. Обнаружено присутствие 2. Located oil spill нефти ~ в вашей кильватерной ~ in your wake. струе. ~ в кильватерной струе т/х .., ~ in the wake of MV ... . 3. У меня/на т/х ... случайная 3.1 have/MV ... has accidental утечка нефти/... . spillage of oil/... . 4. Может(е) ли вы/т/х ... ос 4. Can you/ MV ... stop spillage? тановить утечку? 4.1 Да, я/т/х ... могу(жет) 4.1 Yes, I/MV ... can stop spill остановить утечку. age. 4.2 Нет, я/т/х ... немо- 4.2 No, I/MV ... cannot stop гу(жет) остановить утечку. spillage. 5. Какая помощь требуется? 5. What kind of assistance is re quired? 5.1 Мне/т/х ... требуется 5.11 require/MV ... requires ~ помощь по очистке. ~ oil clearance assistance ~ плавучие боны/ нефте- ~ floating booms/оД dispers- дисперсанты/ ants/... . 6. Оставайтесь в районе за 6. Stay in vicinity of pollution грязнения и действуйте с and co-operate with oil clear командой по очистке аква ance team. тории. 7. (количество) бочек/ бараба 7.... (number)barrels/drums/ нов/контейнеров с марки- containers with IMDG Code
218 ровкой МК МПОГ по доне marks reported adrift near po сению дрейфует вблизи точ sition .... ки ... . 8. Обнаружено судно, произ 8. Located vessel dumping водящее слив химикатов/ chemicals /waste/ ... in posi отходов/... в точке.... tion .... 8.1 Обнаружено судно, сжи 8.1 Located vessel incinerating гающее химикаты/ отходы/ chemicals/ waste/.... in posi ... в точке.... tion ... . 9. Можете ли вы опознать ви 9. Can you identify the polluter? новного в загрязнении? 9.1 Да, я могу опознать ви 9.1 Yes, I can identify the pol новного в загрязнении: ви luter - polluter is MV .... новен в загрязнении т/х .... 9.2 Нет, я не могу опознать 9.2 No, I cannot identify the виновного в загрязнении. polluter. 10. Каковы курс и скорость 10. What is course and speed of виновного в загрязнении? the polluter? 10.1 Курс виновного в за 10.1 Course of the polluter ... грязнении ...градусов, ско degrees, speed... knots. рость ... узлов. 10.2 Виновный в загрязне 10.2 The polluter left the scene. нии скрылся из виду. Сообщение о разливе и Reporting and cleaning up зачистка spillage 1. Течь на соединении мани- 1. Leak at manifold connection! фолда. 1. Переполнение... ! 1.1 Overflow at...! 2. Стоп качать! 2. Stop pumping! 3. Сколько вытекло? 3. How much is spilled? 3.1 Вытекло около ... тонн. 3.1 Spill is about... tonne(s). 4. Обработать разлив с 4. Treat spill with .... помощью .... 5. Команде по ликвидации 5. Stand by oil clearance team нефти приготовиться и до- and report.
219 дожить! 5.1 Команда по ликвидации 5.1 Oil clearance team standing нефти готова. by. 5.2 Всему экипажу выйти на 5.2 All crew assist to remove ликвидацию разлива! the spill. 5.2.1 Утечка остановлена. 5.2.1 Spillage stopped. 5.2.2 Разлив ликвидирован. 5.2.2 Spill cleaned up. 5.2.3 Отходы разлива со 5.2.3 Spill waste contained in держатся в поддоне/.... save-all/... . 6. Нефть/... поступает за 6. Oil/... escaping into борт/ в акваторию порта! sea/harbour water! 6.1 Сообщить в службу кон 6.1 Inform pollution control! троля загрязнения! Подготовка мер по обеспече Preparing safety measures. нию безопасности. 1. Заглушить пробками шпи 1. Plug the scuppers/ drip-trays гаты/ сливные отверстия and report. поддонов и доложить! 1.1 Все шпигаты/ сливные от 1.1 All scuppers/drip-trays are верстия поддонов заглушены. plugged. 2. Закрыть кингстонные кла 2. Close the sea-valves/ dis паны/отливные клапаны и charges and report. доложить! 2.1 Кингстонные клапаны/ 2.1 All sea-valves/discharges отливные клапаны закрыты. are closed. 3. Приготовить абсорбирую 3. Stand by absorbent materials щие материалы и доложить! and report. 3.1 Абсорбирующие 3.1 Absorbent materials stand материалы приготовлены. ing by. 4. Приготовить устройство 4. Stand by spill control gear and контроля за утечкой и до report ложить! 4.1 Устройство контроля за 4.1 Spill control gear standing утечкой приготовлено. by. 5. Приготовить аварийные по 5. Stand by emergency fire жарный насос/пенный мо- pump/foam monitor/fire ex-
220 нитор/ огнетушители и до tinguishers and report. ложить! 5.1 Аварийные пожарный 5.1 Emergency fire насос/пенный мони pump/foam monitor/fire ex тор/ огае-тушители приго tinguishers standing by. товлены. 6. Установить осаждающий 6. Fit bonding wire and report. плавучий трос и доложить! 6.1 Ограждающий плавучий 6.1 Bonding wire is fitted. трос установлен. 7. Поддерживать связь с бун- 7. Maintain contact on VHF керовочной баржой/нефтя Channels ... with the bunker ным терминалом на каналах barge/ oil terminal. ...укв. 8. Имеется ли план предотвра 8. Is the oil pollution prevention щения загрязнения нефтью? plan available? 8.1 Да, план предотвращения 8.1 Yes, the oil pollution pre загрязнения нефтью имеется. vention plan is available. 8.2 Нет, плана предотвраще 8.2 No, the oil pollution pre ния загрязнения нефтью vention plan is not available (еще) не имеется. (yet). 8.3 План предотвращения 8.3 The oil pollution preven загрязнения нефтью будет tion plan will be available in готов через ... минут. ... minutes. 9. Проинструктировать дон- 9. Instruct the pumpman/... and кермана/... и доложить! report 9.1 Донкерман/... проинст 9.1 Pumpman/... is in руктирован. structed. Передача обязанностей Handing over the watch по вахте Информация о местоположе Briefing on position, move нии, движении и осадке ment and draft Вахтенный помощник должен The officer of the watch should кратко информировать сме brief the relieving officer on the няющего его помощника о following: следующем.
221 1. Местоположение 1. Position 1. Место на данный момент 1. The present position is ~ широта ..долгота .... ~latitude longitude.... ~ по пеленгу ... градусов, рас ~ bearing ... degrees, distance стояние ... кабельтов/морс ... cables/nautical miles ких миль от/к... . from/to .... ~ буй ... (название, нанесенное ~ buoy ... (charted name). на карту). ~ между ... и ... . ~ between ... and ... . ~ путевая точка/контрольная ~ waypoint/ reporting point... точка... .
2. Следующая путевая точ 2. The next waypoint/ reporting ка/ контрольная точка .... point is ... . 3. ПВП в ... ВКВ. 3. ETA at... is... UTC 4. Мы проходим/прошли буй 4. We are passing/we passed ... (название на карте), остав buoy... (charted name) on port ляя его по левому/ правому side/starboard side. борту. 5. Мы подходим к бую ... (на 5. We are approaching buoy ... звание на карте), оставив его (charted name) on port по левому/правому борту. side/starboard side. 6. Буй ... (название на карте) на 6. Buoy ... (chartedname) ... is ca ходится в ... кабельтовых/ bles/nautical miles ahead. морских милях по носу. 7. Мы входим/вошли в район 7. We are entering/we entered ... . area.... 8. Мы выходим/вышли из рай она .... 8. We are leaving/ we left area .. 2. Движение 2. Movements 1. Истинный курс/курс по ги рокомпасу/ курс по магнит 1. True course/ gyro compass ному компасу... градусов. course/magnetic compass course is... degrees. 2. Поправка гирокомпаса... 2. Gyro compass error is ... de-
222 градусов, плюс/минус. grees plus/ minus. 2.1. Поправка магнитного 2.1 Magnetic compass error ... компаса... градусов к degrees east/ west. востоку / западу. 3. Скорость относительно 3. Speed over ground/through грунта/относительно воды water is ... knots. ... узлов 4. Set and drift is ... degrees,... 4. Снос ... градусов,... узлов. knots. 5. We are making ... degrees lee 5. Имеем дрейф ... градусов. way. 6. The course board is written 6. Указатель курса выставлен. up. 7. Переход за следующую кар 7. The next chart is within... ту через... часов. hours.
3. Осадка 3. Draft 1. Осадка носом/кормой... 1. Draft forward/aft is ... metres. метров. 2. Сейчас максимальная осадка 2. Present maximum draft is ...... метров. metres. 3. Глубина под килем... мет 3. Underkeel clearance is ... me ров. tres. уведомление о движении судов Briefing on traffic situation in в районе the area 1. Судно 1. A vessel is ~ обгоняет с ... (румбы) от "overtaking... (cardinal points) нас. of us. ~ следует противоположным ~ on opposite course. курсом. ~ проходит по лево ~ passing on port му/правому борту. side/starboard side 2. Судно пересекает путь слева. 2. A vessel is crossing from port 2.1 Судно side. ~ будет уступать дорогу. 2.1 The vessel
223 ~ уступило дорогу. ~ will give way. ~ еще не уступило дорогу. ~ has given way. ~ сохраняет прежний ~ has not given way yet курс. ~ is standing on. ~ не должно уступить до ~ need not give way. рогу. 3. Судно пересекает путь спра 3. A vessel is crossing from star ва. board side. 3.1 Мы 3.1 We ~ не должны уступать до ~ need not give way. рогу. ~ будем сохранять преж ~ will stand on. ний курс. ~ изменим курс, чтобы ус ~ wiH alter course to give way. тупить дорогу. ~ изменили курс, чтобы ~ have altered course to give уступить дорогу. way. 3.2 Судно пройдет в ... кило 3.2 The vessel will pass ... kilo метрах/ морских милях по metres/nautical miles носу/корме. ahead/astern. 3.3 Я закончу маневр. 3.3 I will complete the manoeu vre. 4. Судно с ... (румбы) от нас сле 4. A vessel... (cardinal points) of дует тем же курсом. us is on the same course. 5. Пеленг на судно ... градусов 5. The bearing to the vessel in... не меняется. degrees is constant. 6. В районе - интенсивное дви 6. There is heavy traffic/... in the жение судов/.... area. 6.1 В районе находятся ры 6.1 There are fishing boats/... боловные суда/.... in the area. 7. На экране РЛС нет опас 7. There are no dangerous targets ных целей. on the radar. 7.1 Внимание. На экране 7.1 Attention. There are dan РЛС - опасные цели. gerous targets on the radar. 8. Вызовите капитана, ес 8. Call the Master if any vessel ли какое-либо судно passes with a CPA of less than
224 будет проходить на ... miles. расстоянии менее... миль. 8.1 Вызовите капитана, 8.1 Call the Master if.... если.... уведомление о средствах на Briefing an navigational aids вигационного ограждения и со and equipment status стоянии оборудования 1. РЛС на левом/правом борту 1. Port side/starboard side radar работает на шкале... мор is at... miles range scale. ских миль. 2. РЛС — в режиме 2. The radar is ~ относительного движения ~ relative head-up/north- с ориентацией по курсу/с up/course-up. азимутальной стабилиза цией и ориентацией на се вер/по курсу. ~ истинного движения с ази true-motion north- мутальной стабилизацией up/course-up. ориентирована по севе ру/по курсу. 3. ГНС/ЛОРАН работает/не 3. GPS/LORAN is/is not in op работает. eration. 4. Эхолот включен на шкале ... 4. Echo sounder is at... metres метров range scale. 4.1 Показания эхолота нена 4.1 The echo sounder re дежны. cordings are unreliable. 5. Я перешел на ручное/ авто 5.1 changed to man матическое управление (в... ual/ automatic steering (at... ВКВ). UTC). 6. Ходовые огни включены/ 6. Navigation lights are switched выключены. on/off. уведомление по радиосвязи Briefing on radiocommunications 1. ИНМАРСАТ ... (тип систе 1. INMARSAT ... (type of system) мы) - в рабочем/нерабочем is operational/ is not opera-
225 состоянии. tional. 2. Станция на канале 70 УКВ 2. VHPDSC Chancel 70/VHF ЦИВ/УКВ на канале .../уст Channel.../DSC controller is ройство ЦИВ включено. switched on. 2.1 ЦИВ включен на частоте 2.1 DSC frequency 2187.5 kHz 2187,5 кГц. is switched on. 3. Приемник НАВТЕКС 3. NAVTEX is switched on. включен. 4. Следующее было получено 4. Following was received on... на ... в... ВКВ. at... UTC 5. Береговая 5. Shore based radar assis РЛС/ СУДС/ лоцманская tance/VTS/Pilot station is on станция - на канале ... У КВ. VHF Channel.... 6. Лоцманская станция/ СУДС 6. The Pilot station/ VTS station просит сообщить requires ~ государство флага судна. ~ flag State. ~ позывные/ идентифика цию судна. ~ call sign/ identification. ~ осадку судна. ~ валовую вместимость. ~ draft. ~ наибольшую длину судна. ~ gross tonnage. ~ тип груза. ~ length overall. ~ ПВП в .... Hkind of cargo - МАРЕП ПОСРЕП (сооб ~ ETA at.... щение о местоположе -MAREP POSREP/... нии)/... .
уведомление о Briefing on meteorological con метеорологических условиях ditions 1. Слабое/ сильное (прилив 1. A weak/strong (tidal) current ное) течение направлением is setting ... degrees. ... градусов. 1.1 Направление (приливно 1.1 The direction of the (tidal) го) течения изменится че current wiH change in... рез ... часов. hours.
226 2. Туман / дымка/пыль / 2. Fog/mist/dust/rain/snow/ ... дождь/ снег/... в районе. is in the area. 3. Работает автоматический 3. Automatic fog signal is туманный сигнал. switched on. 4. Ветер усилился/утих (в те 4. The wind increased/ de чение последних... часов). creased (withinlast... hours). 4.1 Ветер от... (румбы) силой 4.1 The wind is ... (cardinal по шкале Бофорта... бал points) force Beaufort.... лов. 4.2 Ветер изменил направле 4.2 The wind changed from... ние с ... (румбы) на ... (рум (cardinal points)to... (cardinal бы). points). 5. Ожидается изменение вол 5. The sea state is expected to нения моря (в течение ... ча change (within... hours). сов). 6. Ожидается слабое/ умерен 6. A smooth/moderate/ ное/ значительное/сильное rough/heavy sea /slight/ волнение/легкая/ умерен moderate/high swell of... me ная/ сильная зыбь... метров tres from... (cardinal points) is от... (румбы) в течение ... ча expected (within... hours). сов). 7. Ожидается цунами/ не 7. A tsunami/an abnormal wave обычно большая волна в... is expected by ... UTC. ВКВ. 8. Видимость составляет... мор 8 Visibility is ... nautical miles. ских миль. 9. Видимость понижена из-за 9. Visibility is reduced by fog/ тумана/ дымки/пыли/ до mist/dust/rain/snow/.... ждя/снега/... . 10. Ожидается 10. Visibility is expected ~ ухудшение/улучшение ~ to decrease/increase to ... видимости до... морских nautical miles (within... миль (в течение ... часов). hours). ~ переменная видимость от... ~ variable between... and ... до... морских миль (в тече- nautical miles (within...
227 ние... часов). hours). 11. Следующая сводка погоды 11. Next weather report is at... будет в... ВКВ. UTC. 12. Атмосферное давление со 12. Atmospheric pressure is ... ставляет ... миллиба millibars/hectopascal. ров/гектопаскал ей. 13. Изменение давления со 13. Barometric change is ... milli ставляет ... миллибаров/ гек bars/ hectopascal per hour/ топаскал ей в час/в течение within last... hours. последних... часов. 13.1 Барометр без измене 13.1 Barometer is steady/ drop ний/падает (быстро)/ ping (rapidly)/rising (rap- поднимается (быстро). idly). 14. Было штормовое преду 14. There was a gale warn преждение/ предупрежде ing/ tropical storm warning ние о тропическом шторме for the area ... at... UTC. по району ... в ... ВКВ. уведомление о распоряжениях Briefing on standing orders and капитана и организации вах bridge organization ты 1. Распоряжения на период от 1. Standing orders for the period ... до ... ВКВ from... to ... UTC ... are:.... 2 Распоряжения на район 2. Standing orders for the area ... are.... 3. Обратите внимание на из 3. Take notice of changes in the менения в распоряжениях. standing orders. 4. Вам понятны распоряжения? 4. Do you understand the stand ing orders? 4.1 Да, я понимаю распоря 4.1 Yes, I understand the stand жения. ing orders. 4.2 Нет, я не понимаю, объ 4.2 No, 1 do not understand, ясните, пожалуйста. please explain. 5. Прочитайте/распишитесь 5. Read/sign the standing or под распоряжениями. ders.
228 6. Последний противопожар 6. The latest fire patrol was at... ный обход был в ... ВКВ. UTC. 7. Последний обход судна был 7. The latest security patrol was в... ВКВ. at... UTC. 7.1 Все в порядке. 7.1 Eveiything is in order. 7.2 Было установлено сле 7.2 The following was stated:.... дующее: .... 7.3 Были приняты следую 7.3 The following measures were щие меры.... taken:.... 7.4 Следует обратить внима 7.4 The following requires atten ние на следующее:.... tion: .... 8. Выставлен 8. The lookout is standing by. впередсмотрящий. 9. Рулевой заступил на руль. 9. The helmsman is standing by. 10. Вызвать капитана в ... ВКВ/в 10. Call the Master at... UTC/in точке.... position.... уведомление об особых Briefing on special events событиях 1. Аварийно- предупредитель 1. There was an engine alarm at ная сигаализация машинно ... UTC due to ... . го отделения сработала в ... ВКВ по причине .... 2. Скорость была уменьшена 2. Speed was reduced at... UTC из-за ... в ... ВКВ. due to.... 3. Машина(ы) была(и) оста 3. Engine(s) was/were stopped новлена^) из-за ... в ... ВКВ. at... UTC due to .... 4. Курс был изменен из-за ... в 4. Course was altered at... UTC ... ВКВ. due to.... 5. Капитан/старший механик 5. The Master/Chief Engineer был вызван в ... ВКВ ввиду .... was called at... UTC due to .... уведомление о ведении записей Briefing on record keeping 1. Судовые журналы заполне 1. The log books/record books ны и подписаны. are completed and signed. 1.1 Записи в черновом жур- 1.1 The note book entries will
229 нале будут перенесены (в be copied (into the log судовой журнал и другие books/record books) after журналы) после вахты. the watch. 2. Заменить ленты регистрато 2. Change the paper of the data ра данных/самописца эхо logger/echo sounder/... re лота/ самописца corder. 2.1 Добавить краску/чернила 2.1 Refill the toner/ink of the регистратора данных/ са data logger/echo sounder/... мописца эхолота/ самописца recorder.
Сдача и прием вахты и управ Handing and taking over the ление судном watch/conn Когда капитан/ старший меха The Master/Chief engineer or an ник или (механик) помощник (engineer) officer handing over капитана передает вахту, он the watch should say: должен сказать: 1. "Вахту сдал". 1. "You have the watch now ". Заступающее на вахту лицо The relieving officer should командного состава должно confirm and say: подтвердить прием вахты и сказать: 1.1 "Вахту принял". 1.1 "I now have the watch". Если капитан/ старший меха The Master/Chief engineer ник вызван на мостик/ в ма when called to the bridge/ en шину (ЦПУ) и официально gine (control) room and for принимает управление суд mally taking over the watch ном/ машиной он должен should confirm and say: подтвердить это и оказать: 2. "Принимаю управление суд 2. «I have the conn now ». ном на себя". Вахтенный офицер должен The officer of the watch should подгаердить это и сказать: confirm and say: 2.1 «Вы приняли управление 2.1 "You have the conn now". судном».
230 Safety 1 Board Действия no спасению упавше Person-overboard activities го за борт 1. Человек за бортом (сле 1. Man overboard (on port ва/справа/за кормой). side/starboard side/astern)! 2. Сбросить спасательный(ые) 2. Drop lifebuoy (s). круг(и). 2.1 Подать сигнал тревоги 2.1 Sound "man overboard" "Человек за бортом"! alarm. 3. Поднять флаг "Оскар". 3. Hoist flag signal "Oscar". 4. Руль лево/право на борт! 4. Hard-a-port/hard-a-starboard the wheel. 5. Человек в воде/ спасатель 5. Is person in water/lifebuoy lo ный круг обнаружен? cated? 5.1 Да, человек в воде/ спаса 5.1 Yes, person in water/ life тельный круг обнаружен. buoy located. 5.2 Доложите направление и 5.2 Report direction and dis расстояние до человека в tance of person in wa воде/спасательного круга! ter/lifebuoy. 5.2.1 Направление... слева/ 5.2.1 Direction at... point port справа/... градусов/ рас side/starboard side/... de стояние ... метров. grees, distance... metres. 5.2.2 Наблюдать за челове 5.2.2 Maintain visual contact to ком в воде/ спасатель person in water/ lifebuoy. ным кругом. 5.3 Нет, человек в воде/ спа 5.3 No, person in water/ life сательный круг (еще) не buoy not located (yet). обнаружен. 5.3.1 Ищите человека в во 5.3.1 Look out for person in де/ спасательный круг и water/lifebuoy and report. докладывайте! 5.4 Пассажир/член экипажа 5.4 Passenger/crew member отсутствует (в течение... missing (for ... hours/since ... часов/с ... ВКВ) - поиск на UTC) - search in vessel nega судне безрезультатен. tive.
231 5.4.1 Стоп маппша(ы)! 5.4.1 Stop engine(s). 5.4.2 Передать сигнал тре 5.4.2 Transmit alarm signal - воги - ПАН-ПАН/ опо PAN-PAN/ distress alert - вещение о бедствии МЭ- MAYDAY to radio coast sta ДЭ на береговую радио tion/Maritime Rescue Co станцию/ морской спаса ordination Centre/vessels in тельно-координацион vicinity and report. ный центр/ судам в рай оне и доложить 5.4.3 Сигнал тревоги - 5.4.3 Alarm signal - PAN- ПАН-ПАН/ оповещение PAN/distress alert - о бедствии МЭДЭ пере MAYDAY transmit дан/ подтверждено .../не ted/ acknowledged by... /not п acknowledged (yet). одтверждено (еще). 6. Продолжайте маневриро 6. Return manoeuvre! вать! Влево/вправо, дер Port/starboard, steer... de жать ... градусов! grees. 7. Сообщите свое место. 7. Report position. 7.1 Мое место.... 7.1 Position.... 8. Сообщите о движении судов 8. Report traffic situation. в районе. 8.1 Судов в районе нет. 8.1 No vessel in vicinity. 8.2 Судно (суда)находится в 8.2 Following vessel(s) in районе.... vicinity.... 9. Сообщите погодные условия. 9. Report weather situation. 9.1 Волнение слабое/ умерен 9.1 Sea smooth/moderate/ ное/ значительное/ сильное rough/high - swell - зыбь слабая/ умерен slight/ moderate/heavy from ная/ сильная к... (румбы). ... (cardinal points). 9.2 Winds force Beaufort... 9.2 Сила ветра по шкале Бо from... (cardinal points). форта ... баллов от... (румбы). 9.3 Visibility good/moderate/ 9.3 Видимость хорошая/ уме poor. ренная/ слабая. 9.4 Current... knots to ... (cardi 9.4 Течение ... узлов на ... рум- nal points).
232 бы). 10. Установить посты наблю 10. Have man overboard sta дения на борту/ наблюда tions/lookouts at... manned телей на... и доложить! and report. 10.1 Посты наблюдения на 10.1 Man overboard sta борту/ наблюдатели на ... tions/lookouts at... manned. установлены. 11. Приготовиться для спаса 11. Stand by for recovering from ния с борта судна и доло shipboard and report. жить! 11.1 Готовы к спасанию с бор 11.1 Standing by for recovering та судна. from shipboard. 12. Приготовить шлюп 12. Stand by boat/motor lifeboat ку / спасательную шлюпку no.... for letting go and report. №... к спуску на воду и до ложить! 12.1 Дежурная шлюпка/ спа 12.1 Rescue boat/motor lifeboat сательная шлюпка №... го no.... standing by for letting това к спуску на воду. g°- 13. Спустить дежурную шлюп 13. Let go rescue boat/motor life ку/ спасательную шлюпку. boat. 14. Используйте канал... 14. Use VHF Channel.../ fre УКВ/частоту... для связи. quency ... for communication. 14.1 Используйте световые 14.1 Use Hght signals/flag sig сигналы/ флажные сигна nals/whistle for communica лы/свисток для связи. tion. 15. Какой сигнал возвращения 15. What is retreat signal for res для дежурной шлюп cue boat/ motor lifeboat? ки/ спасательного катера? 15.1 Сигнал возвращения.... 15.1 Retreat signal.... 16. Подготовить одного/двух 16. Stand by one/two crew членов экипажа для спаса member(s) for rescue in water ния из воды и доложить! and report. 16.1 Один/два член (а) эки 16.1 One/two crew member(s) пажа готов(ы) для спасания standing by for rescue in wa-
233 из воды. ter. 17. Человек за бортом спасен/ 17. Person overboard rescued/ поднят. recovered 18. Приготовить шлюпку/ спа 18. Stand by boat/rescue lit сательные носил ter/rescue net/ rescue bas ки/ спасательную сет ket/ rescue sling and report. ку/ спасательную корзи ну/спасательный строп и доложить! 18.1 Шлюпка/ спасательные 18.1 Boat/rescue litter/rescue носилки/ спасательная сет net/rescue basket/rescue ка/спасательная корзина/ sling standing by. спасательный строп гото ва^). 19. Поднять человека на борт и 19. Hoist person and report доложить! 20. Сообщите состояние спа 20. Report condition of survivor. сенного. 20.1 Спасенный 20.1 Survivor ~ в хорошем/ плохом со ~ is in good/bad condition. стоянии. ~ has hypothermia. ~ переохладился. ~ is injured. ~ ранен. ~ is suffering from ~ в состоянии шока shock. 20.2 Человек мертв. 20.2 Person is dead. Пожаротушение и учения Fire-fighting and drills
1. Сообщение о пожаре 1. Reporting fire 1. Пожар на борту! 1. Fire on board! 1.1 Дым/ газы/пожар/взрыв 1.1 Smoke/fumes/fire/explosion ~ в машинном отделении. ~ in engine room. ~ в трюме(ах)/танке(ах) №... ~ in no.... hold(s)/tank(s). ~ в надстройке/жилом по ~ in superstructure/ accom мещении. modation. ~ в... помещении. ~ in... space. ~ на палубе ~ on deck.
234 1.2 Дым/газы идет из венти 1.2 Smoke/fumes from ventila ляторами) tor^). 1.3 Запах гари/газы в .../из .... 1.3 Burnt smell/fumes in .../from.... 2. Сообщите о раненых/ по 2. Report injured per страдавших: sons/casualties: 2.1 Раненых нет. 2.1 No person injured. 2.2 Число раненых/ постра 2.2 Number of injured per давших ... . sons/casualties is:.... 3. Что горит? 3. What is on fire? 3.1 Горит(ят) топли 3.1 Fuel/cargo/ car(s)/ во / груз / автомобилъ(и) / гру truck(s)/wagon(s)/ contain зовик(и)/ автофургон(ы) / ers (with dangerous контейнеры (с опасными goods)/... on fire. грузами)/.... 3.2 Информации нет (еще). 3.2 No information(yet). 4. Дым ядовитый? 4. Is smoke toxic? 4.1 Нет, дым не ядовитый. 4.1 No, smoke not toxic. 4.2 Да, дым ядовитый. 4.2 Yes, smoke toxic. 5. Пожар под контролем? 5. Is fire under control? 5.1 Да, пожар (в ...) находится 5.1 Yes, fire (in...) under con под контролем. trol. 5.2 Нет, пожар (в ...) (еще) не 5.2 No, fire (in...) not under находится под контролем. control (yet). 5.2.1 Пожар распространят 5.2.1 Fire spreading (to ...). ся (к...). 5.2.2 К пожару (в ...) невоз 5.2.2 Fire (in...) not accessible. можно подойти. 6. Доложите о повреждении. 6. Report damage. 6.1 Повреждений нет. 6.1 No damage. 6.2 Небольшое/большое по 6.2 Minor/major damage in вреждение в... / ... J t^).... 6.3 Нет электропитания (в ..). 6.3 No power supply (in...). 6.4 Поступает вода в.... 6.4 Making water in.... 7. Дать давление в пожарные 7. Pressure on fire mains! магистрали.
235 8. Остановить главный двига 8. Shut down main engine(s)/ тель^)/ вспомогательный auxiliary engine(s)/... and re двигатель(и)/... и доложить. port. 8.1 Главный двигатель(и)/ 8.1 Main engine(s)/auxiliary вспомогательный двига engine(s)/ ... shut down. тель^)/... остановлены. 9. Прекратите подачу топлива 9. Stop fuel and report. и доложить. 9.1 Подача топлива прекра 9.1 Fuel stopped. щена. 10. Закрыть все отверстия (в 10. Close all openings (in .../in .../во всех помещениях) и all rooms) and report сообщить. 10.1 Все отверстия (в ../во 10.1 All openings {is.../in all всех помещениях) закрыты. rooms) closed. 10.1.1 Отверстия в ... недос 10.1.1 Openings in... not ac тупны. cessible. 11. Выключить вентилятор(ы) 11. Switch off ventilator(s) (in...) (в...) и доложить. and report. 11.1 Вентилятор(ы) (в ...) вы 11.1 Ventilator(s) (in...) ключены. switched off. 12. Развернуться носом/ кор 12. Turn bow/stern to windward. мой против ветра. 13. Развернуться левым/ пра 13. Turn port side/starboard side вым бортом к ветру. to windward. 14. Изменить курс.... 14. Alter course to .... 2. Сообщение о готовности к дей 2. Reporting readiness for action ствиям 1. Подготовить пожарную пар 1. Stand by fire-fighting team/ тию/ спасательную пар rescue team/first aid team/ тию/партию по оказанию support team and report. первой помощи/ партию обеспечения и доложить. 1.1 Пожарная/ спасательная/ 1.1 Fire-fighting team/ rescue по оказанию первой помо- team/first aid team/ sup-
236 щи партия/партия обеспе port team standing by. чения готова. 2. Приготовить главный двига 2. Stand by main engine and re тель и доложить. port. 2.1 Главный двигатель готов. 2.1 Main engine standing by. 3. Приготовить угаекислотную 3. Stand by COi station/... sta установку/... установку/ tion/emergency generator. аварийный генератор. 3.1 Углекислотная установ 3.1 CO2 station/... sta ка/... установка/ аварий tion/emergency generator ный генератор готов. standing by. 4. Закрыть все отверстия (в 4. Close all openings (in... /in all .../во всех помещениях) и rooms) and report доложить! 4.1 Все отверстия (в ... /во 4.1 All openings (in .../in all всех помещениях) за rooms) closed. крыты. 4.1.1 К отверстиям в ... не 4.1.1 Openings in... not acces подойти. sible. 3. Распоряжения по тушению 3. Orders for fire-fighting пожара 1. Начинайте тушить пожар. 1. Start fire-fighting. 1.1 Используйте одну/две/... 1.1 Take one/two/... fire- пожарные партии/... пар fighting teams/... team(s) to тии. scene. 2. Идите следующим путем. 2. Go following route: 2.1 Идите через машинное 2.1 Go through engine room/no. отделение/трюм(ы) / ... hold(s)/tank(s)/ superstruc танк(и) № .../надстройку/ ture/ accommodation/... жилое помещение/... по space/ manhole(s) to... мещение/ горловину(ы)в... space/funnel/.... помещение/ трубу/.... 2.2 Идите 2.2 Go from ~ снаружи/изнутри в.... ~ outside/inside to .... ~ с левого борта/правого ~ port side/starboard side to борта в....
237 "WL3 • » • ^5 a • • • ~... to... 3. Примите следующие (до 3. Take following (additional) полнительные) меры безо safety measures and report. пасности и доложите! 3.1 Иметь два/... человека в 3.1 Have two/... members in одной группе. one team. 3.1.1 Число членов в пожар 3.1.1 Number of members in ной партии/... партии. fire-fighting team/... team is.... 3.2 Иметь страховочный ко 3.2 Have lifeline between each нец между людьми/ выве other/to outside. денный наружу. 3.2.1... членов пожарной 3.2.1... team members have партии имеют страховоч lifelines to each other. ные концы между собой. 3.2.2 ... партия имеет страхо 3.2.2 ... team has lifeline to вочный конец, выведен outside. ный наружу. 3.3 Держать в готовности спа 3.3 Have rescue team on stand сательную партию. by. 3.4 Поддерживать визуаль 3.4 Maintain visual con ный контакт/ радиосвязь с tact/ radio contact on помощью портативной ра walkie-talkie. ции. 4. Пожарная партия должна 4. Fire-fighting team must have иметь следующее снаряже following outfit: ние: 4.1 Пожарная партия должна 4.1 Fire-fighting team must иметь защитную одежду/ have protective clothing/ противодымовые шлемы/ smoke helmets/breathing дыхательные аппараты/.... apparatus/.... 5. Пожарная партия/... груп 5. Manning of fire-fighting па^) включают следующих team/... team(s) is/are as fol лиц: lows: 5.1 Старший помощник капи 5.1 Chief Officer/Chief Engi тана/ старший механик/... - neer/... in command of fire- командир пожарной пар- ighting team/ ... team (no.
238 тии/... группы (№...). •••) 5.2 Следующие лица команд 5.2 Following officer(s)/crew ного состава/член(ы) эки member(s) in the fire- пажа включены в пожар fighting team/... team:.... ную партию/... группу:.... 6. Сократить время действия (в 6. Restrict action (in .../on...) to .../на ...) до ... минут. ... minutes. 6.1 Согласовать сигнал отбоя 6.1 Agree on retreat signal and и доложить! report. 6.1.1 Сигнал отбоя для по 6.1.1 Retreat signal for fire- жарной партии/... группы fighting team/... team... is ... передается.... 7. Использовать воду/ пену/ 7. Use water/foam/ powder/ порошок/ углекислый C02/sand/... in.... газ/песок/ ... в .... 8. Разнести пожарные рукава и 8. Run out fire hoses and report доложить! 8.1 Пожарные рукава разне 8.1 Fire hoses run out. сены. 9. Дать воду! 9. Water on. 9.1 Дали воду. 9.1 Water is on. 10. Охлаждать водой ... и доло 10. Cool down... with water and жить! report. 10.1... охлаждены. 10.1... cooled down. 4. Отбой тревоги 4. Cancellation of alarm 1. Пожар потушен? 1. Is the fire extinguished? 1.1 Да, пожар (в ...) потушен. 1.1 Yes, fire (in...) is extin guished. 1.2 Нет, пожар (в...) (еще) не 1.2 No, fire (in...) is not extin потушен. guished (yet). 1.3 Пожар локализован до ... 1.3 Fire is restricted to ... помещения/района. space/ area. 2. Выставить пожарную вахту и 2. Post a fire watch and report. доложить! 2.1 Пожарная вахта выставлен; 2.1 Fire watch posted (in...
239 (в ... помещении/в районе). space/ area). 3. Оставить системы/ средства 3. Fire extinguishing sys пожаротушения в состоянии tems/ means remain on stand- готовности. by. 4. Оставить пожарную пар 4. Fire-fighting team/... team тию/... партию в состоянии remain on stand-by. готовности. 5. Оградить леерами участок 5. Rope off the fire area and re пожара и доложить! port. 5.1 Участок пожара огражден 5.1 Fire area is roped off. леерами. 6. Проверять участок пожара 6. Check fire area every ... min через каждые... минут/ utes /hour(s) for re-ignition час(ов) на возобновление and report. пожара и докладывать! 6.1 Район пожара проверен, 6.1 Fire area checked, no re- пожар не возобновляется. ignition. 6.2 Район пожара проверен, 6.2 Fire area checked, re- пожар возобновился в... ignition in... space/area. помещении/в районе. 6.2.1 Воспламенение ликви 6.2.1 Re-ignition extinguished. дировано (потушено). 7. Отбой пожарной тревоги (со 7. The fire alarm is cancelled следующими ограничения (with following restrictions: ми: ... .). ...). Подача сигнала тревоги Raising alarm 1. Включить сигнал общесудо 1. Operate the general emer вой тревоги. gency alarm. 2. Сообщить капита 2. Inform the Master/Chief En ну / главному механику/... . gineer/... . 3. Сообщите береговой радио 3. Inform the ... coast radio станции .../судам в районе station/ vessels in vicinity (по радио). (on radio). 4. Запросите помощь (по pa- 4. Request assistance (on radio)
240 дио) у ... и доложите. from... and report. 4.1 Помощь была 4.1 Assistance was ~ запрошена у.... ~ requested from.... ~ предложена.... ~ offered by .... ~ принята от ~ accepted from.... 5. Передайте СЕКЬЮРИТЕ/ 5. Transmit a SECURITE/ PAN- ПАН-ПАН/ оповещение о PAN/distress бедствии/МЭДЭ и доложите. alert/MAYDAY and report. 5.1 Сигнал СЕКЬЮРИТЕ/ 5.1 A SECURITE/PAN-PAN/ ПАН-ПАН/ оповеще distress alert/MAYDAY ние о бедствии/ МЭДЭ was transmitted. был передан. 6. Оповещение о бедствии/ 6. Was the distress alert/ MAY МЭДЭ было подтверждено? DAY acknowledged? 6.1 Да, оповещение о бедст 6.1 Yes, the distress alert/ вии/МЭДЭ было подтвер MAYDAY was acknowl ждено береговой радио edged by ... coast radio sta станцией ... / морским спа tion/MRCC/vessel(s) in vi сательно-координацион cinity. ным центром/ судном(ами) поблизости. 6.2 Нет, оповещение о бедст 6.2 No, the distress alert was вии не было подтверждено not acknowledged (yet). (еще). 6.2.1 Повторите оповещение о 6.2.1 Repeat the distress alert. бедствии. Инструктаж экипажа и пас Briefing crew and passengers сажиров 1. Объявите следующее (по 1. Make the following an системе громкоговорящей nouncement (on the PA- связи):... system): 2. Говорит капитан. 2. This is your Captain speaking. 2.1 Мы сели на мель/у нас 2.1 We have grounded/a minor небольшое поступление flooding/a minor fire in.... воды/небольшой пожар в
241 2.2 Непосредственной опас 2.2 There is no immediate dan ности для экипажа, пасса ger to crew, passengers or жиров или судна нет, и нет vessel, and there is no rea причины для беспокойства. son to be alarmed. 2.3. В целях безопасности я 2.3 For safety reasons I request прошу всех членов экипажа all crew members to go to пройти на свои места сбора. their assembly stations. 2.3.1 Всем командирам до 2.3.1 All officers to report to ложить на мостик! the bridge. 2.3.2 Вахтенные остаются на 2.3.2 Watchkeepers remain at своих местах до дальней stations until further order. шего распоряжения. 2.4 Как только у меня будет 2.4 As soon as I have further in новая информация, я сде formation I will make an лаю следующее объявле other announcement - there ние: - в данный момент is no danger at this time. опасности нет. 2.5 Пожарные партии/ ава 2.5 Fire-fighting teams/damage рийные партии устраняют control teams are fighting пожар/поступление воды. the fire/flooding. 2.6 Мы также имеем радио 2.6 We also have radio contact связь с другими суда with other vessels/coast ra ми/береговыми радио dio stations. станциями. 2.7 Пожар/поступление воды 2.7 The fire/flooding is under находится под контролем. control. 3. Говорит капитан. У меня 3. This is your Captain speaking. есть новое объявление. I have another announcement: 3.1 Пожар/затопление пока 3.1 The fire/flooding is not un еще не контролируются. der control yet. 3.2 Покинуть машинное от 3.2 Leave the engine room/ su деление/ надстрой perstructure/ your sta ку/ ваши рабочие мес tions/your cabins/... im та/каюты/ ... немедленно. mediately. Close all open Задраить все закрытия! ings. 3.3 Возьмите с собой спаса 3.3 Take life jackets with you. тельные жилеты.
242 3.3.1 Возьмите с собой ава 3.3.1 Take your emergency рийное снаряжение со equipment with you ac гласно расписанию по cording to the muster list. тревогам. 3.4 Стоять по местам по по 3.4 Stand by fire-fighting sta жарной тревоге/по тревоге tions/damage control sta по борьбе с водой и доло tions and report жить! 3.4.1 Готовы к действиям по 3.4.1 Fire-fighting sta пожарной тревоге/по тре tions/damage control sta воге по борьбе с водой. tions are standing by. 3.5 Всем членам экипажа со 3.5 All crew members to as браться в местах сбора! sembly stations. 3.6 Придерживаться указан 3.6 Follow the escape routes ных путей эвакуации. shown. 3.7 Путь к месту сбора ... не 3.7. The route to the assembly свободен. station is ... not clear. 3.7.1 Путь к месту сбора бу 3.7.1 The route to the assembly дет проходить через.... station will be via .... 3.8 Собраться 3.8 Assemble ~ на палубе. ~ on deck. ~ на ... в носовой/кормовой ~ on the foredeck/afterdeck. части палубы. ~ на ... палубе лево ~on the ... deck on port го/правого борта. side/ starboard side ~ на ... палубе по носу от .../ ~ on the ... deck forward of по корме от ...... /aft of.... 3.9 Не 3.9 Do not: ~ направляйтесь к местам ~ go to the lifeboat/life raft sta расположения спасательной tions before ordered. шлюпки/ спасательного плота до особого распоря жения. ~ занимайте спасательную enter the lifeboats/life rafts - шлюпку/ спасательный the order to enter will be плот - распоряжение за given from the bridge/by the нять их будет дано с мосга- officers.
243 ка/ лицами командного со става. 3.10 Следующая(ие) служ 3.10 The following depart ба^)/ члены экипажа будут ment (s)/crew members will (временно) высажены в це (temporarily) disembark for лях безопасности. safety reasons. Проверка состояния спаса- Checking status of lifeboats/ тельных шлюпок/плотов life rafts 1. Проверить спусковые устрой 1. Check the launching tracks and ства и доложить! report 1.1 Все спусковые устройства 1.1 All launching tracks are clear. готовы. 1.2 Спусковое(ые) устройсгво(а) 1.2 The launching track(s) of no. спасательной шлюпки/ пло ... lifeboat/life raft is/are not та №... не готово(ы) (еще). clear (yet). 1.3 Спусковое(ые) устройство(а) 1.3 The launching track(s) of no. спасательной шлюпки/ пло ... lifeboat/life raft will be та №... будет(ут) готово(ы) clear in... minutes. через... минут. 2. Проверить рабочие части и 2. Check the working parts and доложить! report 2.1 Все рабочие части готовы. 2.1 All working parts are free. 2.2Ролик(и) / блок{и) / оснасгк 2.2 The roll(s)/block(s)/ rig а/... спасательной шлюпки ging/... of no.... lifeboat №... не готов(ы) (еще). is/are not free (yet). 2.3Ролик(и)/блок(и)/ оснаст 2.3 The roll(s)/block(s)/ rig ка/... спасательной шлюпки ging/... of no.... lifeboat will №... будег(ут) готов(ы) че be free in... minutes. рез ... минут. 3. Провертеть крепления спуско 3. Check the securings of the вых приспособлений и доло launching appliances and re жить! port 3.1 Все крепления в порядке. 3.1 All securings are in the cor rect position. 3.2 Крепление спасательной 3.2 The securing of no.... life шлюпки/ плота №... в не- boat/life raft is not in correct
244 правильном положении. position 3.2.1 Установить крепление в 3.2.1 Correct the position of правильное положение. the securing. 3.3 Крепление спасательной 3.3 The securing of no.... life шлюпки/плота №... повре boat/life raft is damaged. ждено 3.3.1 Замените/ отремонти 3.3.1 Replace/repair the secur руйте крепление. ing. 3.4 Стопорные штыри спаса 3.4 The harbour pin(s) of no.... тельной шлюпки №... от lifeboat is/are missing. сутствуют. 3.4.1 Замените стопорные 3.4.1 Replace the harbour штыри. pin(s). 4. Проверить топливо/масло в 4. Check the fuel/ oil of the life двигателе(ях) спасательной boat engine(s) and report. шлюпки и доложить! 4.1 Топливный бак двигателя 4.1 The fuel tank of no.... life спасательной шлюпки №... boat engine is full/not full. полный/неполный. 4.1.1 Залейте топливо. 4.1.1 Fill up fuel. 4.2 Уровень масла в двигателе 4.2 The oil level of no.... life спасательной шлюпки №... boat engine is nor нормальный/ниже нор mal/below normal. мального. 4.2.1 Залейте масло. 4.2.1 Fill up oil. 5. Запустить двигатель (и) спа 5. Operate the lifeboat engine(s) сательной шлюпки и доло and report. жить! 5.1 Все двигатели спасатель 5.1 All lifeboat engines are op ных шлюпок в рабочем со erational. стоянии. 5.2 Двигатель спасательной 5.2 no.... lifeboat engine is not шлюпки № ... не запушен operational (yet). (еще). 5.3 Двигатель спасательной 5.3 no.... lifeboat engine will be шлюпки №... будет запу operational in... minutes. щен через... минут.
245 6. Проверить осушительные 6. Check the bilge pumps of the насосы спасательных шлю lifeboats and report. пок и доложить! 6.1 Все осушительные насосы 6.1 All bilge pumps are opera исправны. tional. 6.2 Осушительные насосы 6.2 The bilge pumps of no.... спасательной шлюпки №... lifeboat are not operational не исправны (еще). (yet). 6.3 Осушительные насосы 6.3 The bilge pumps of no.... спасательной шлюпки №... lifeboat win be operational будут исправны через... in... minutes. минут. 7. Проверить шлюпочные 7. Check the drain plugs and re пробки и доложить! port. 7.1 Все шлюпочные пробки на 7.1 All drain plugs are avail месте. able. 7.2 Шлюпочная пробка(и) 7.2 The drain plug(s) in no.... спасательной шлюпки №... lifeboat is/are missing. отсутству ет(ют). 7.2.1 Замените шлюпочную 7.2.1 Replace the drain plug(s). пробку (и). 8. Проверить салазки в спаса 8. Check the slip gears in the life тельных шлюпках и доло boats and report. жить! 8.1 Салазки находятся в по 8.1 All slip gears are in the cor ложенном месте и закреп rect position and secured. лены. 8.2 Салазки спасательной 8.2 The slip gear of no.... life шлюпки №... не находятся boat is not in the correct po в положенном месте. sition. 8.2.1 Исправьте положение 8.2.1 Correct the position of салазок. the slip gear. 8.3 Салазки спасательной 8.3 The slip gear of no.... life шлюпки №... не закрепле boat is not secured. ны. 8.3.1 Закрепите салазки. 8.3.1 Secure the slip gear.
246 9. Проверить снабжение спаса 9. Check the lifeboat equipment тельной шлюпки и доложить! and report. 9.1 Спасательная шлюпка 9.1 All lifeboat equipment is полностью укомплектована complete and operational. исправным снабжением. 9.2 Снабжение спасательной 9.2 The lifeboat equipment is шлюпки не укомплектовано. not complete. 9.2.1 Укомплектуйте снаб 9.2.1 Complete the lifeboat жение спасательной equipment. шлюпки. 10. Спустить/поднять спаса lO.Launch/hoist no.... lifeboat(s) тельную шлюпку(и) №... и and report. доложить! 10.1 Спусковые приспособле 10.1 The launching appUances ния исправны. are operational. 10.2 Спусковые приспособле 10.2 The launching appUances ния неисправны. are not operational. 10.3 Лебедка/шлюпбалка № 10.3 no.... winch/davit is not ... неисправна (еще). operational (yet). 10.3.1 Лебедка/шлюпбалка 10.3.1 no.... winch/davit will №... будет исправна через be operational in... min ... минут. utes. 10.4 Поднять спасатель 10.4 Hoist no.... lifeboat(s). ную (ые) пшюпку(и) №... 11. Закрепить спасатель- 11. Secure the lifeboat(s) and re ную(ые) шлюпку (и) и доло port. жить! 11.1 Спасательная(ые) шлюп- 11.1 Lifeboat(s) is/are secured. ка(и) закреплена(ы). 12. Проверить спасательные 12. Check the life rafts and re плоты и доложить! port. 12.1 Все спасательные плоты 12.1 All life rafts are in position на штатном месте и ис and operational. правны. 12.2 Спасателъный(ые) 12.2 no.... life raft(s) is/are not плот(ы) №... неиспра- operational. вен(ны).
247 12.3 Фалинь спасательного 12.3 The inflation cord of no.... плота №... не закреплен на life raft is not secured on борту. board. 12.3.1 Закрепить фалинь! 12.3.1 Secure the inflation cord. 12.4 Контейнер спасательного 12.4 no.... life raft container is плота №... поврежден. damaged. 12.4.1 Замените контейнер 12.4.1 Replace the life raft con спасательного плота в сле tainer in the next port дующем порту. 12.5 Срок действия сертифи 12.5 The inspection tag of no ... ката испытаний спасатель life raft is expired. ного плота №... истек. 12.5.1 Замените спасатель 12.5.1 Replace the life raft in ный плот в следующем the next port. порту. Распоряжение об эвакуации Ordering evacuation 1. Покинуть все каюты/ поме 1. Evacuate all rooms/spaces/ щения/ палубы/ ... и доло decks/... and report. жить! 1.1 Все покинули каюты/ по 1.1 All rooms/spaces/decks/... мещения/ палубы. evacuated. 2. Покинуть машинное отде 2. Evacuate engine room and re ление и доложить! port. 2.1 Все покинули машинное 2.1 Engine room evacuated. отделение. 3. Покинуть трюм(ы) / танк(и) 3. Evacuate no.... hold(s)/tank(s) №... и доложить! and report. 3.1 Все покинули трюм(ы)/ 3.1 no.... hold(s)/tank(s) evacu танк(и) №.... ated. 4. Покинуть надстройку и до 4. Evacuate superstructure and ложить! report. 4.1 Все покинули надстройку. 4.1 Superstructure evacuated. 5. Покинуть жилые помеще 5. Evacuate accommodations and ния и доложить! report. 5.1 Все покинули жилые по 5.1 Accommodations evacu мещения. ated.
248 6. Не входить на... палубу/ 6. Do not enter... deck/space/ помещение/участок. area. 7. Сообщите об отсутствующих 7. Report missing per лицах/ раненых/ несчаст sons/injured per ных случаях. sons/casualties. 7.1 Отсутствующих/раненых 7.1 No person missing/injured. нет. 7.2 Количество отсутствую 7.2 Number of missing per щих/ раненых/несчастных sons / injured per случаев.... sons/ casualties is ... . 7.3... палуба/место/участок 7.3 ... deck/space/area not ac недоступны (еще). cessible (yet) 8. Окажите первую помощь (в 8. Provide first aid (in vessel's лазарете судна/в безопасном hospital/at safe place). месте). 8.1 Запросите медицинскую 8.1 Request medical assistance помощь у ... (по радио). from... (on radio). 9. Все люди находятся вне 9. All persons are outside the опасного района. danger area. Перекличка Roll call 1. Сообщить количество лю 1. Report number of all per дей/ пассажиров/членов sons /passengers/ crew mem экипажа на местах сбора. bers at assembly stations. 1.1 Общее число людей/ пас 1.1 Number of all persons/ сажиров/ членов экипажа passengers/crew members на месте сбора ...:.... at assembly station... is .... 1.2 Количество людей/ пас 1.2 Number of persons/ passen сажиров/ членов экипажа gers/crew members at as на месте сбора ... полное. sembly station... is complete. 1.3 Количество людей/ пас 1.3 Number of persons/ pas сажиров/членов экипажа sengers/crew members at на месте сбора ... неполное assembly station... is not (еще). complete (yet). 1.4... пассажир(ов)/член(ов) 1.4 ... passenger(s)/crew mem экипажа отсутству ет(ют). bers) is/are missing.
249 2. Найти отсутствующего пас- 2. Search for missing passen саажира(ов)/чдена(ов) эки ger (s)/crew members) and re пажа и доложить! port. 2.1 Отсутствующий(ие) пас 2.1 Missing passenger(s)/crew сажир (ы) / член(ы) экипажа member(s) recovered. найден(ы). 2.2 Отсугствующий(е) пасса 2.2 Missing passenger(s)/crew жир^) / член(ы) экипажа member(s) not recovered (еще) не найден(ы) - (yet) - (search is continuing). (поиск продолжается). 3. Вахтенные - к местам сбора! 3. Watchkeepers to assembly sta tions. 4. Старшина спасательной 4. Lif eboatmen! Check the шлюпки! Проверить снаб equipment of the crew at as жение экипажа в местах сбо sembly stations and report. ра и доложить! 4.1 Снабжение экипажа на 4.1 Equipment of crew at assem месте сбора... полное. bly station... is complete. 4.2 Снабжение экипажа на 4.2 Equipment of crew at as месте сбора ... неполное sembly station... is not com (еще). plete (yet). 4.3 Пополнить снабжение и 4.3 Complete the equipment доложить! and report. 4.3.1. Идите за одеялом/ но 4.3.1 Go for blanket/ силками/ ... и доложите. stretcher/... and report. 5. Старшина спасательной 5. Lifeboatmen! Check the outfit шлюпки! Проверить снаря of the passengers at assembly жение пассажиров в местах stations and report. сбора и доложить! 5.1 Снаряжение пассажиров 5.1 Outfit of the passengers at на месте сбора ... в порядке. assembly station... is correct. 5.2 Снаряжение пассажиров 5.2 Outfit of the passengers at на месте сбора ... (пока еще) assembly station... is not не в порядке. correct (yet). 5.2.1 Исправить снаряжение 5.2.1 Correct the outfit and re и доложить! port.
250 5.2.2 Надеть теплую одежду 5.2.2 Put on warm cloth /рубашки с длинными ру ing/long sleeved shirt/ кавами/длинные брю long trousers/strong ки/прочную обувь/ голов shoes/head covering/... ной убор/... и доложить! and report. 6. Пассажиры и экипаж! Сле 6. Passengers and crew! Follow дуйте за старшиной спаса the lifeboatmen to the lifeboat тельной шлюпки к местам stations/life raft stations on расположения спасательных the embarkation deck. шлюпок/ спасательных пло тов на посадочной палубе. Приказ об оставлении судна Ordering abandon vessel 1. Вывалить спасательную (ые) 1. Swing out no.... Ufeboat(s) and шлюпку (и) №... и доло report. жить! 1.1 Спасателъная(ые) шлюп 1.1 No.... lifeboat(s) swung out. ка^) №... вывалена(ы). 2. Спустить спасательную (ые) 2. Lower no.... lifeboat(s) along шлюпку(и) № ... до посадоч side the embarkation deck and ной палубы и доложить! report. 2.1 Спасательная(ые) шлюп 2.1 No.... lifeboat(s) is/are ка^) № ... у посадочной па alongside the embarkation лубы. deck. 3. Занять места в спасатель- 3. Enter the lifeboat(s) (no....) ной(ых) шлюпке(ах) (№ ...) и and report. доложить! 3.1 Занять места в спасатель- 3.1 Enter the lifeboat(s)/ life ной(ых) пшюпке(ах)/ пло- raft(s) over the... deck. ту(ах) на... палубе! 3.2 Спуститься в спасатель 3.2 Enter the lifeboat(s)/ life ную (ые) шлюпку (и)/ raft(s) over the ladders/ плот(ы) по трапам/сетям/ nets/manropes. фалрепам! 3.3 Прыгать в воду и заби 3.3 Jump into the water and en раться в спасательную (ые) ter the lifeboat(s)/life raft(s). шлюпку (и)/плот(ы).
251 3.4 Прыгать на спасатель- 3.4 Jump into the life raft(s) ный(е) плот(ы) у судна! alongside the vessel. 3.5 Не толкать друг друга при 3.5 Do not push each other посадке! when entering. 3.6 Помогите раненым/ бес 3.6 Assist injured/helpless per помощным! sons. 3.7 Освободить вход в спаса 3.7 Clear the entrance of the тельную шлюпку/плот! lifeboat/life raft. 3.8 Немедленно сесть в спаса 3.8 Sit down in the lifeboat/ life тельной шлюпке/ на плоту! raft immediately. 3.9 Держитесь за шкентеля 3.9 Hold on to the ropes or to или за ваше сиденье при your seat when launching. спуске спасательной шлюп ки/ плота! 4. Посадка в спасательную (ые) 4. No.... lifeboat(s)/life raft(s) пшюпку(и) №... /плот(ы) № entered. ... закончена. 5. Спасательную(ые) шлюп 5. Let go no.... lifeboat(s)/ life ку (и)/ плот(ы) - на воду! До raft(s) and report. ложить! 1. Спасательная пшюп- 5.1 No.... lifeboat(s)/life raft(s) ка(и)/плот(ы) спущена(ы). is/areletgo. 6. Сбросить с борта спаса 6. Throw over board no.... life тельный плот № ... и доло raft and report. жить! 6.1 Спасательный плот № ... 6.1 No.... life raft thrown over сброшен с борта. board. 7. Сообщить береговым ра 7. Inform coast radio sta диостанциям/ судам в рай tions/vessels in vicinity about оне количество спущенных the number of lifeboats/life спасательных шлю rafts launched and report пок/ плотов. По выполне нии доложить! 7.1 Сообпщть береговым ра 7.1 Inform coast radio sta диостанциям/судам в рай tions/ vessels in vicinity оне количество лиц в каж- about the number of per-
252 дой спасательной шлюп sons in each lifeboat/life ке/на спасательном плоту. raft and report. По выполнении доложить! 7.2 Сообщить береговым ра 7.2 Inform coast radio sta диостанциям/судам в рай tions / vessels in vicinity оне количество членов эки about the number of crew пажа, оставшихся на судне. members remaining on board. 7.3 Береговая радиостанпия 7.3 Coast radio station .../ ves .../суда в районе информи sels in vicinity informed. рованы. 8. Отойти на безопасное рас 8. Stand clear of the vessel and стояние от судна и доло report. жить! 8.1 Спасательная(ые) шлюпка 8.1 No.... lifeboat(s)/life raft(s) (и)/плот(ы) №... находятся is/are standing clear. на безопасном расстоянии. 8.2 Спасательная(ые) шлюп 8.2 No.... lifeboat(s)/life raft(s) ка (и)/плот(ы) №... не ото is/are not standing clear. шла^). 9. Дежурная шлюпка/ спаса 9. Rescue boat/no.... motor life тельный катер №... ! Помо boat! Assist no.... lifeboat(s)/ гите спасательной(ым) life raft(s) and report. шлюпке(ам) № .../плоту(ам) и доложите! 9.1 Дежурная шлюпка/ спаса 9.1 Rescue boat/no.... motor тельный катер №... оказы lifeboat is assisting. вает помощь. 9.2 Спасательная(ые) шлюп 9.2 No.... lifeboat(s)/life raft(s) ка^) № .../плот(ы) нахо is/are standing clear of the дятся сейчас на безопасном vessel now. расстоянии от судна.
2bJ Appendix II CHECK LISTS
Mustering 1. Are crewmembers aware of their duties indicated in the muster Ust and aware of the location where to perform those duties? 2. Are muster lists exhibited in conspicuous places throughout the ship, including on the bridge, in the engine room and in the crew accommodation space? 3. Does the muster list show the duties assigned to different crew- members? 4. Does the muster list specify which officers are assigned to ensure that LSA and FFA equipment is maintained in good condition and available for immediate use? 5. Does the muster list specify substitutes for key persons that might become disabled? 6. Is the format of the muster list approved? 7. Is the muster list up-to-date and in conformity with the crew list? 8. Are the duties assigned to crewmembers manning the survival craft (boats or rafts) in accordance by SOLAS chapter III, part B? 9. Are the persons placed in charge of each survival craft and their substitutes named? 10. Are the operating instructions for the survival craft satisfactory? Communication 11. Are key persons able to communicate with each other? 12. Which languages are the working languages used onboard? 13. Are key persons able to understand each other dining inspec tions or drills? Abandon Ship Drills and LSA Equipment 14. Is the correct alarm used for summoning crewmembers to the muster station(s) and are crewmembers familiar with that alarm? 15. Dining drills, are the survival craft correctly manned and oper ated by the assigned persons? 16. Do crewmembers dress suitably for drills and know how to cor rectly don lifejackets? 17. Is at least one lifeboat lowered after the necessary preparations,
254 and launched with its assigned crew into the water at least once every 3 months? 18. Can crewmembers start and operate the lifeboat engine(s) satis factorily? 19. Can crewmembers operate the davits (cranes) used for launching life rafts acceptably? 20. Are crewmembers familiar with their assigned duties during abandon ship operations? 21. Have crewmembers in charge of survival craft complete knowl edge of the operation and equipment of the craft? 22. Can two crewmembers undertake the preparations for embark ing and launching survival craft be undertaken in less than five minutes? 23. Does the performance of crewmembers on the drills suggest that the ship could be abandoned in thirty minutes? 24. Is the condition of the survival craft, their contents (food, water etc) and launching arrangements (including davits, falls, winches and brakes) satisfactory? 25. Is the condition of the side fighting, emergency communication means, operating instructions (posters / signs) and embarkation ladder arrangements satisfactory? 26. Are the life rafts correctly serviced, stowed and connected to the ship by hydrostatic releases? 27. Is the number and stowage of life jackets (including immersion suits and thermal protective aids, where appropriate) correct, and the number, condition and validity of lifebuoys, rockets, smoke signals and SARTs? Fire Drills and FFA Equipment 28. Do the crewmembers know how to activate the fire alarm? 29. Do the crewmembers understand the procedure for reporting a fire, once detected, to the bridge and/or damage control centre? 30. When the crew alarm is sounded, do the fire-fighting parties promptly muster at their stations? 31. During the course of fighting a simulated fire, do the fire-fighting parties correctly bring into action, don and effectively use all the appropriate equipment? 32. Do the fire-fighting team leaders give effective orders and report
255 adequately to the bridge and/ or damage control centre? 33. Do the medical teams correctly take care of injured persons and handle the stretchers in an acceptable manner through narrow passageways, doors and stairways? 34. Do the appropriate crewmembers known how to operate the emergency generator, C02 room, sprinkler and emergency fire pumps correctly? 35. Do the appropriate crewmembers understand the operation of manually-operated fire doors, watertight doors and fire damp ers? 36. Do the following function correctly: • fire doors, including their remote operation if appropriate • fire dampers and smoke flaps • quick-closing remotely operated valves • emergency stops of fans and fuel oil pumps • fire detection and fire alarm system • fixed systems in engine room and cargo spaces (servicing dates) • main and emergency fire pumps? 37. Do the fire-fighting appliances comply with the fire control plan? Bridge and Radio Operations and Equipment 38. Is the OOW familiar with the bridge control and navigational equipment, changing the steering mode from automatic to man ual and the ship's manoeuvring characteristics? 39. Does the OOW have knowledge of the location and operation of all safety and navigational equipment, including fire detection and alarm panels? 40. Is the OOW familiar with collision avoidance procedures, the COLREGS, the radar, ARPA controls and capable of obtaining acceptable radar picture? 41. Is the OOW familiar with the procedures applying to the naviga tion of the ship in all circumstances, including: • management of nautical charts and nautical publications • bridge procedures, instructions and manuals • voyage planning • periodic tests and checks of equipment • compass error checks
256 • preparations for arrival and departure • signalling • communications • emergencies • logbook entries? 42. Is the GMDSS radio operators) able to use all components of the radio arrangement including its test functions? 43. Is the GMDSS operator(s) able to explain the correct procedures for canceling a false distress alert? 44. Is the GMDSS equipment compliant for the sea areas the ship is trading, and if an Exemption Certificate is issued, does the ship comply with the special requirements imposed by the exemp tion? 45. Does the ship receive Navtex MSI messages? 46. Are the following satisfactory: • EPIRB installation • radar transponder installation • antenna condition • radio batteries? Bunkering Operations 47. Are bunkering transfer procedures posted, available and under stood by all relevant personnel? 48. Are an appropriate number of personnel on duty for bunkering? 49. Are there means of communication between ship's bunkering personnel and between ship and ashore / barge? 50. Are there procedures to report and deal with oil discharges? Control of Oily Mixtures from Machinery Spaces 51. Have all the operational requirements of MARPOL Annex I been met, taking into account: • the quantity of oil residues generated • the capacity of sludge and bilge water holding tanks • the capacity of the oily water separator? 52. Have all the correct entries been made in the Oil Record Book? 53. Has the correct use been made of reception facilities, and have any alleged inadequate facilities been noted and reported by the master to the flag State?
257 54. Are the responsible personnel familiar with the procedures for handling sludge and bilge water? Control of Garbage 55. Have all the operational requirements of MARPOL Annex V and national legislation been met? 56. Has the correct use been made of reception facilities, and have any alleged inadequate facilities been noted and reported by the master to the flag State? 57. Are all ship's personnel familiar with the principle of minimising the amount of potential garbage and the shipboard procedures for handling and storing garbage as contained in the Garbage Management Plan? 58. Are ship's personnel familiar with the disposal and discharge re quirements under MARPOL Annex V inside and outside a spe cial area? 59. Are they aware of the areas determined as special areas?
258 Appendix Ш EMERGENCY CHECK LISTS OIL SPILL (situations covered by SOPEP) Officer on watch 1. Sound the alarm / Call Master 2. Inform the engine room
3. Assemble the oil spill team.
4. Ensure that fire-fighting equipment is available (portable and fixed). 5. Check crew for absence / injury.
6. Fix vessel position and pass it to radio room.
STRANDING
Officer on watch 1. Stop main engines unless circumstances dictate otherwise. 2. Stop all cargo operations.
3. Sound the alarm / Call Master. 4. Advise engine room.
5. Close all watertight doors.
6. Check for injuries to the crew.
7. Exhibit light / shapes according to COLREG 72 as amended. 8. Check all tanks and bilges. 9. In case of oil spill refer to SOPEP.
10. Sound around vessel and assess how fast aground
11. Fix vessel's position on chart and broadcast navigational warning and if deemed necessary by the Master a distress message on all distress frequencies. 12. Check state of the tide. 13. Assess if vessel likely to refloat next high water.
14. Note course and speed at time of stranding. 15. Note draught at time of stranding.
16. Note draught when aground. 17. Chart with position up to time of grounding. 18. Course recorder printout. 19. Note time of refloating.
259 COLLISION Officer on watch 1. Stop main engines, unless circumstances dictate otherwise. 2. Stop all cargo operations. 3. Sound the alarm / Call Master. 4. Close watertight doors. 5. Measurements from all tanks and bilges. 6. If oil spill occurs follow SOPEP (Ship oil pollution emergency plan). 7. Check crew for absence or injury. 8. Verify damage to own vessel, check stability. 9. Check draught fore and all list and trim. 10. Check steering gear condition. 11. Mark course recorder and engine room data logger with collision time. 12. Establish exact position of collision mark on the chart and enter record in logbook. 13. Note time of all sound / tight signals made and heard / seen. 14. Record details of other vessel (name, flag, cargo etc.) and any failure and damage to her machinery and equipment. 15. Check cargo weight-distribution.
FIRE
Officer on watch 1. Thorough investigation of the area has been carried out. 2. Has been ascertained that all sources of ignition have been removed. 3. The area has been properly ventilated and all residual fumes blown out. 4. Determine cause of fire.
MAN OVERBOARD
Officer on watch 1. Commence "Williamson Turn". 2. Release lifebuoy with light and smoke signal. 3. Mark on the charts the position of the lifebuoy, activate MOB command if avail able on GPS satellite receiver. 4. Position of lifebuoy as search datum noted. 5. Sound the alarm / Call Master. 6. Inform the Engine room and place engine on stand by.
260 7. Muster the Emergency Squad lo make lifeboats ready for launching and rescuing. 8. Alert vessels in vicinity warning them as necessary by sound or light signals. 9. Keep a plot of the vessel's position relative to the person overboard and the life buoy at all times. 10. Have the first aid kit ready together with stretcher and blankets. 11. Upon recovery of the person treat him for shock and injuries as per medical guide.
HELICOPTER OPERATIONS Officer on watch 1. Hoist answering pennant at masthead or where it can be best seen to indicate wind direction. At night shine a light on it. 2. Fire party stand by with portable extinguishers etc. 3. Boat party stand by in case of helicopter has to ditch. 4. Secure all fittings and appliances in the area of the operations. 5. The responsible of operations has been provided with a portable VHF in order to establish a communication line with the Bridge. 6. Get the fire hoses ready. Nearby the area but without interfere. 7. Prepare foam spray nozzles. Connect nozzles to the fire hoses and to the foam sprayers. Aim such devices toward the outside area of operations in such a way as to avoid problems in case of sudden opening of valves. 8. Alert the "Man overboard team". 9. Turn on deck lights in the operation area, direct them downwards. 10. Make sure that the party members wear protective suits, helmets, and evacuate all personnel from the area. 11. The man in charge to get the helicopter winch hook make sure is equipped with helmet, thick insulating gloves, insulating boots. 12. Means of escape from the area are clear of obstructions.
EMERGENCY CHECK LIST FOR OIL POLLUTION
How to Respond 1. Stop cargo handling and bunkering 2. Notify the engine room and report to the master 3. Stop ballasting and deballasting 4. Stop discharging or transferring of bilge 5. Stop transferring of oil 6. Arrange the fire-fighting team
261 7. Put emphasis on observing the "No Smoking Rule" 8. Notify people engaged in quay 9. Notify people engaged in port 10. Repair the parts where oil spilled 11. Check the plugging condition of all scuppers again 12. Remove spilled oil from the deck 13. When oil spills into the sea, immediately notify a person engaged in the P&I (Protection & Indemnity) 14. Report to the Designated Person or the head of the Marine Affairs Dept. When necessary, ask for assistance from the shorebased management 15. Check the type of oil 16. Collect samples of oil 17. Calculate the amount of the oil spill 18. When oil spills into the sea, estimate the area of the oil's expansion 19. Check weather conditions 20. Check the tide and current 21. Check the names of other ships around the ship 22. When necessary, take pictures
262 Appendix IV MUSTER LIST
AT THE DISCRETION OF THE CHIEF OFFICER THE ORGANIZATION LISTS ON MUSTER LIST ARE TO BE COMPILED BY THE OFFICER NAMED BELOW : (NAME)
SOLAS ГО/С/REG 53.2.1 RESPONSIBLE FOR CLOSING DOORS: VALVES, SCUPPERS, SIDE SCUTTLES: SKYLIGHTS, PORTHOLES AND OTHERS:
SOLAS III / С / REG 53.2.2 & 53.2.3 EQUIPPING OF SURVIVAL CRAFT: PER ABANDON SHIP MUSTER LIST PREPARATION FOR LAUNCHING: PER ABANDON SHIP MUSTER LIST
SOLAS III/C/REG 53.2.4 GENERAL PREPARATION OF OTHER LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES: PER ABANDON SHIP MUSTER LIST
SOLAS Ш / С / REG 53.2.5 ANY PASSENGERS OR SUPERNUMERARIES ON BOARD SHALL BE MUSTERED BY:
SOLAS П1/ С /REG 53.2.6 THE FOLLOWING PERSONNEL ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR USE OF COMMUNICA TIONS EQUIPMENT: (NAME) (NAME) (NAME)
SOLAS III/C/REG53.2.7 & 53.2.8 MANNING OF FIRE PARTIES SHALL BE PER EMERGENCY ORGANIZATION LIST ATTACHED TO THIS MUSTER LIST
FIRE EQUIPMENT SHALL BE MAINTAINED BY THE THIRD OFFICER OR THE JUNIOR SECOND OFFICER
SOLAS П1/ С /REG 53.3 LIFE SAVING EQUIPMENT SHALL BE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE OFFICER APPOINTED BY THE CHIEF OFFICER
FIRE APPLIANCES SHALL BE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE OFFICER APPOINTED BY THE CHIEF OFFICER
SOLAS m/C/REG 53.4 IF AN ASSIGNED TEAM LEADER OF THE EMERGENCY ORGANIZATION TEAMS POSTED ON THIS MUSTER LIST SHOULD BE DISABLED OR OTHERWISE UNAVAILABLE THE FOLLOWING SUBSTITUTIONS SHALL PREVAIL:
MASTER ( CHIEF OFFICER) CHIEF ENGINEER (1 ST. ASST. ENGINEER)
ELECTRO ENGINEER ( CHIEF ENGINEER}/ CHIEF STEWARD ( OFF DUTY SECOND OFFICER)
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THAT DIFFERENT EMERGENCIES MAY CALL FOR DIFFERENT ACTIONS
263 Appendix V
STANDING BRIDGE ORDERS
(1) Check courses as plotted and stay on them if circumstances permit
(2) Check gyro-compass regularly against magnetic compass
(3) If you have no position fixes, keep your DR position updated
(4) Keep a continuous sharp look-out
(5) Stick to the 'INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA", if in doubt, call the captain
(6) When altering course to avoid a collision, show your intentions in time and give a wide berth, communicate with the other vessel to clarify your inten tion on the VHF
(7) Use all navigational means available on the bridge
(8) Use the main-engine for manoeuvring if necessary, revolutions can be re duced at any time to as low as approximately 50% of the rpm
(9) Call the .captain immediately when:
a- visibility deteriorates to less than 3 miles
b- weather deteriorates
c- any irregularity has been observed
d- you are in doubt
e- main engine failure occurs
(10) Always check the "watch order book" for specific orders to be carried out during your watch
264 Appendix VI Organization Watch
WATCHKEEPING OFFICER'S JOB DESCRIPTION (08-12/20-24) WATCH
REPORTS TO: MASTER. CHIEF OFFICER AS APPROPRIATE FOR CARGO AND SAFETY. SECOND OFFICER FOR NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS.
WORKS WITH: OTHER OFFICERS. CREW MEMBERS ASSIGNED TO HIS WATCH.
REPORTS TO HIM: DECK CADETS AS APPROPRIATE.
MAIN FUNCTION: THE MANAGEMENT OF A ROUTINE NAVIGATIONAL BRIDGE WATCH. MAINTENANCE OF NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS. THE MANAGEMENT OF A CARGO WATCH. THE MAINTENANCE OF ALL FIRE-FIGHTING AND LIFE- SAVING EQUIPMENT AND RELATED SAFETY EQUIP MENT. ASSISTANT SAFETY OFFICER. CADET TRAINING AS APPROPRIATE. TO CARRY OUT OTHER DUTIES AS REQUIRED.
MINIMUM LICENSE AND SPECIAL QUALIFICATIONS Third Officer's License Annual Medical and Drug/Alcohol Test GMDSS Tankerman Liquid Chemical Person-In-Charge (P.I.C.) Tankerman Petroleum P.I.C.
MAIN DUTIES
• Unless otherwise specified by the Master, in form SA22A/971 main duties will be as below:
• Navigational AUTHORITY To keep and take charge of a navigational watch in accordance П with Company Guidelines and Master's Standing Orders. Assist in correct ship's navigational outfit with special responsi- II bility for Pilot Books and List of Lights. To maintain all visual signalling aids, international code flags and I national and international flags in accordance with SOLAS regu lations and Company Procedures.
265 Assist with maintaining Compass and Chronometer Error Books, I Radar Log Books and D.F. Calibration Book. • Operational To take charge of a cargo watch in port and assist with all cargo II operations as directed by Chief Officer. To assist with tank cleaning and gas freeing operations as di- ц rected by Chief Officer. In his capacity as Assistant Safety Officer to ensure that all safety I equipment, protective clothing and spill control equipment is available during cargo and tank cleaning operations. Administration as required by Ship Master. II
266 Appendix VII A GENERAL LAYOUT of a CV:
Name Address and telephone number Date and place of birth Nationality Married or single (give the ages of any children) Education: dates and places of education Languages: knowledge of English and other languages Previous employment and work experience Outside interests, hobbies, etc.
A "BLUEPRINT" of a BASIC CV
(Your Name in large bold type) (your full address)
(Post code) (Telephone number, including area code) Personal Profile (A brief, business-like description of yourself)
(Personal qualities)
(Experience)
(Skills and personal strengths)
Key skills (The main skills you have developed) (Particularly those appropriate to the job you are applying for)
Career History (Name of Company, usually starting with the most recent)
(Dates you worked there)
267 (Job Title) (Brief description of what you did)
(Brief description of what you achieved in this position)
Name of Company
(Dates you worked there)
(Job title) (Brief description of what you did)
(Name of Company) (Dates you worked there)
(Job title) Education and training (Starting with the highest, most recent OR most relevant qualification) Name of school, college or university
(Dates you attended)
(The qualification you achieved) (You could include brief details of what was covered in the course, especially if recently qualified)
(Name of school college, or university)
(Dates you attended)
(Professional training) (Details of any professional training undertaken at work)
(Qualification or skill achieved) Personal Details (Date of birth)
(Driving licence) (Married or single - only if relevant) (Nationality - only if relevant) (Interests and activities. Brief details)
(References- usually 'available on request')
1ЬЪ Appendix VIII 5. A general Application form
EMPLOYMENT APPLICATION FOR SHIP PERSONNEL
Comp Ref No:
Application For Employment As: PHOTO
Date Available for Joining:
p SURNAME: First Name: E R Middle Name: Nationality S Date of Birth: Place of Birth 0 N Marital Status Name of Spouse A Permanent Address Local Address L Telephone No. Nearest International Airport P Passport No. Place of Issue A R Date of Issue Date of Expiry T Seaman's Book No. Place of Issue I С и L Date of Issue Date of Expiry A R S
Give particulars of your immediate family members and indicate your rela tionship with them. F A Name Relationship Occupation M I L Y
EMERGENCY
Next of Kin: Address:
Relationship:
Telephone No. Telephone No. Home: Office:
269 SUMMARY OF EXPERIENCE
Experience As Bulkcarrier Cont G.C Chem Reef Others
Master/CE
С/О, 1/E
Б 2/0,2/E
X 3/0,3/E
Engineer Applicant Navigating Applicant р X Duration Duration
Е B&W Bulk Carrier
Sulzer Ore Carrier R H.A.N. Container I Semi Pielstick Reefer
Е Tanker Chemical Reefer Tanker N Chemical С
EQUIPMENT WORKED WITH Е ITT/Marconi/JRC
R. M. C. No.
Experience with Inmarsat
Whether agreeable to work in a Lower Rank YES/NO
Whether agreeable to join vessel trading in war zone YES/NO
Signature: Date:
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Interview Date: Interviewed by: Result:
Fleet Personnel Department Interviewer Note: Note:
270 L NATIONAL LICENCE PARTICULARS I MOT Grade Cert. No Date/Place of Issue Validity С National Licence E Panamanian N Liberian С Bahamas E S. Т. С W. COURSES Ref№ Date of Issue Survival at Sea С First Aid Sea Fire Fighting 0 Radar Observers Crude Oil Washing/I.G.S. и Tanker Safety Dangerous Cargo Endorsement R Radar Simulator Radio Telephone S A.R.P.A. E R.M.C Chemical Endorsement S G.M.D.S.S.
ADDITIONAL PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS Q (WORKSHOP/NAUTICAI COLLEGE) и Establishment Name Date Attended A L I F I С Basic Academic Qualifications Date Passed A T I 0 N S
271 References
1. Бобровский В. И. Деловой агаглийский язык для моряков. - М.: Высш. шк., 1984. - 208 с. 2. Шерешевская А. Д. Русско-агапшйский разговорник для курсантов морских училищ / А. Д. Шерешевская, Э. Д. Иса- енко, И. В. Шенько, Г. П. Помигуев, Л. Н. Шершевская. - М.: Рус. яз., 1986. - 320 с. 3. Пенина И. П. Английский язык для морских училищ. - М.: Высш. шк., 2001. - 239 с. 4. Казинская О. Я. Стандартные фразы для моряков/О. Я. Ка- зинская, А. Н. Пузачев. - Владивосток.: Мор. гос. ун-т, 2002. - 186 с. 5. Ивасюк Н. A. English for Navigators / Н. А. Ивасюк, Е. М. Мелентьева, А. А. Овакимян и др. - Одесса: Феникс, 2002. -116 с. 6. Булгаков С. П. Особенности ведения судовых журналов на судах европейских стран. - М.: "РКонсульт", 2005. - 84 с. 7. Фаворов П. А. Англо-русский морской технический словарь. - М.: Воениздат, 1977. - 931 с. 8. Бобин В. И. Справочник судоводителя по ведению дел и до кументации на английском языке. - М.: Транспорт, 1996. - 296 с. 9. Новый большой англо-русский словарь: в 3 т. / Ю. Д. Апре сян, Э. М. Медникова, А. В. Петрова и др. Под общим руководством Э. М. Медниковой и Ю. Д. Апресяна. - М.: Рус. яз., 1998. - 832 с. 10. Словарь активного усвоения лексики английского языка. - М.: Рус. яз., 1988. - 710 с. 11. Bridge Watchkeeping. - London: The Nautical Institute, 2000. - 180 p. 12. Swift A. J. Bridge Team Management. - London: The Nautical Institute, 1993. -225 p. 13. The Mariner's Handbook. London: The Hydrographer of the Navy, 1989. 14. Captain Peter Roberts, Watchkeeping Safety and Cargo Man agement in port. - London: The Nautical Institute, 2002. -216 p.
272 15. Symbols and Abbreviations used on Admiralty Charts, Chart 5011 (INT1) Edition 3; The United Kingdom Hydrographic Of fice, Taunton, The U. K., 2005. -75 p. 16. How to correct Your Charts the Admiralty Way; The United Kingdom Hydrographic Office; Admiralty Way Taunton Somer set ТА 1 2 DN, 1997.-58 p.
273 CONTENTS
Page Introduction 5 Part I. Watchkeeping 6 Unit I. Master 6 Unit II. The Officer of the Watch (OOW) 8 Unit III. Lookout 12 Unit IV. Navigation 15 Unit V. Passage Planning 19 Unit VI. Collision Avoidance 22 Unit VII. Navigation with Pilot on Board 26 Unit VIII. Watchkeeping at Anchor 30 Unit IX. Taking over the Watch 34 Test 1 40 Test II 42 Part II. Watch Officer's Duties when in Port and at Sea 44 Unit I. PSC Deck Inspections 44 Unit II. Pollution Prevention 73 Part III. Emergency Situations 109 Unit I. Emergency Organization 109 Unit II. Man Overboard 115 Unit III. Fire-Fighting Organization - General 126 Part IV. Record Keeping 133 Part V. Chart Reading. 162 Keys 209 Appendix I. Extracts from IMO Standard Communication 218 Phrases Appendix II. CHECK LISTS 254
274 Appendix III. EMERGENCY CHECK LISTS 259 Appendix IV. MUSTER LIST 263 Appendix V. STANDING BRIDGE ORDERS 264 Appendix VI. Organization Watch 265 Appendix VII. A GENERAL LAYOUT ofaCV: 267 Appendix VIII. 5. A general Application form 269 References 272
275 Министерство транспорта России
Дальневосточная государственная морская академия имени адмирала Г.И. Невельского
А. Ю. Стрелков, Л.М. Ямченко
THREE SEA DISASTERS (ТРИ МОРСКИХ КАТАСТРОФЫ)
Учебное пособие
Рекомендовано методическим советом Дальневосточной государственной морской академии в качестве учебного пособия для морских специальностей
Владивосток 1999 Contents:
I. The tragedy of the unsinkable ship
П. The loss of the 'Mikhail Lermontov' Chapter 1 Chapter 2 CHapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8
III. "Estonia" survivor wants action
IV. Annex: Phrases for distress communication I. THE TRAGEDY OF THE "UNSINKABLE" SHIP
I. Read the text and answer the following questions that serve as guidelines to help you understand the text:
1. What kind of ship was the "Titanic"? 2. How* many passengers did the ship take? 3. Where did she sail to on her maiden voyage? 4. Where and when did the "Titanic" sink? 5. What was the cause of the shipwreck? 6. Were all the passengers aware of the collision? 7. Was the disaster signal sent? Why did the ships come to her assistance so late? 8. How many people have lost their lives? Why? 9. What measures were taken to make the navigation safe?
Few disasters in maritime history excited public imagination like the loss of the White Star liner 'Titanic'. Widely advertised as the Queen of the Seas, she was the most advanced ship the world had seen: the largest passenger vessel of her day - 882 feet 9 inches in length and 66,000 tons displacement, the fastest, the most luxurious - and the safest. Her designers boasted of her invincibility. There were flood-proof compartments, double bottoms, watertight doors and every other device naval engineering had developed. On her maiden voyage she sailed for New York carrying 2,207 people but she had taken on enough lifeboats only for 1,178 people. On April 15, 1912, steaming westward 'Titanic' approached a barrier of field ice and bergs several miles stretching north and south some 400 miles off the coast of Newfoundland. At a speed her navigator mistakenly believed to be more than 21 knots, 'Titanic' ran against iceberg and sent a distress call with her estimated position. The great liner was tilting only seconds before her plunge to the bottom - two hours and forty minutes after the iceberg tore a gash some 300 feet long in her starboard side near the bow. Six of her 16 watertight compartments were flooded, and as the sea rose above the watertight bulkheads, adjoining compartments flooded like sections of an ice-cube tray. Many passengers and crew had abandoned ship or been swept away, when the vessel briefly upended in the water, then settled back at an angle. Nearly all lifeboats and rafts had pulled away from the ship for safety. That action doomed most survivors afloat, for the temperature of the sea was 28°F and none could last more than an hour or so. The nearest ship to respond was still two hours away. The 'Carpatia' was 58 miles away when the 'Titanic' called on her radio for help. She arrived and saved 705 people. Some of her survivors had been in the icy for hours, when they were saved. Most of the passengers hadn't lived that 1,502 people had lost their lives. hrough the whole tragedy, the 'Californian' was only ten miles away. Its rs were close enough to see the 'Titanic', but they didn't understand the on. They never received the 'Titanic's call for help, and they didn't come to ; until too late. Try was there such a great loss of life? Why were there so few survivors? iidn't the 'Californian' come to help? irst 6¥ all, nobody had prepared for such a tragedy. Nobody had believed that itanic' could sink. The Steamship Company had thought that its ship would mpletely safe in all situations. They'd followed an old rule for the number of ats, so they'd supplied lifeboats for only half the people. The passengers had Л received their lifeboat numbers, nor had they practised lifeboat drill before ;cident. Many of them had not even dressed warmly, for the ship hit the g late at night, and they didn't believe they were in danger, hie ship had already received six ice warnings on its radio when it struck the g. Nevertheless, it had not changed its direction quickly enough when g came at night. When the 'Titanic' hit the iceberg, the radio officer on the brnian' had just gone to bed. He'd tried to warn the officers on the 'Titanic' the ice before he'd gone to bed, but the officers hadn't listened, fter this accident, ocean travel changed. Now there always enough lifeboats erybody. Ships don't go so far north in winter, and they watch carefully for adio officers work 24 hours a day. A tragedy like the sinking of the 'Titanic' i never happen again.
fcabulary e, pay special attention to the words in bold types and try to remember them)
:er - бедствие ous - роскошный Ability -непобедимость ast -хвастать against - натолкнуться на tight (syn. water-proof) - водонепроницаемый mdon - покидать судно in voyage - первый рейс >m - обрекать на смерть - крениться : (tore, torn) a gash - (зд.) сделать разрез ling compartment - смежный отсек be tray - форма для льда e - погружение to upend - встать вверх килем
III. Word Study
1. Fill in the missing letters: l-f-b--ts, s-rv-v-r, p-u-ge, a-l-at, c-m-a-t-e-t, b-l-h-ds, w-t-rt-g-t, ap-r-c-, d-s-r-s-, ac~d-nt.
2. Match the English and R >ian equivalents: 1) afloat a) шлюпки 2) to abandon b) несчастный случай 3) to respond c) снабжать 4) survivor d) расчетная позиция 5) to sweep away e) приближаться 6) to approach f) затапливать 7) estimated position g) отвечать 8) to plunge h) покидать (судно) 9) to flood i) смывать (с палубы) 10) bulkheads j) переборки 11) watertight compartments к) водонепроницаемые отсеки 12) lifeboats 1) спасенный 13) to supply т) на плаву п) погружаться
3. Find pairs of synonyms among the given words: a ship, distress, to rescue, to run against, watertight, compartment, to respond, maiden voyage, to be aware of, a vessel, accident, survive, flood-proof, safe, to strike against, to save, section, to answer, first voyage
4. Complete the sentences using the information from the text and translate them into Russian: 1. On her maiden voyage the "Titanic" took... passengers on board and lifeboats for.... 2. On April 15,1912 the "Titanic" approached a.... 3. At a speed 'Titanic'... the iceberg and sent a.... 4. The liner was plunging to the bottom .... 5. Six of the 16 compartments were .... 6. Nearly all the lifeboats and rafts ... from the ship for the safety. 7. The ship had received six ice ... when she struck the iceberg. 8. Now work 24 hours a day. Arrange the following words in order showing the sequence of events in the it: approached, b) a barrier of field ice and bergs, c) distress call, d) sent, abandoned the ship, f) saved 705 people, g) to warn, h) change ocean travel, jurvivors.
. Discussion 1. The "Titanic" was a huge vessel taking more than two thousand people. Are re any ships carrying such a number of people nowadays? What routes are the isenger ships employed? What do you think of them? 2. The designers of the "Titanic" advertised the ship as "unsinkable". May a p be really unsinkable? Give your grounds. 3. To prevent loss of lives at sea the Initial Distress Message shall be sent nediately. What do you think of what had happened to the "Titanic" in this pect? 4. It is very important to adhere to the Regulations for Preventing Collisions at i. From this point of view do you think there were violations on board the tanic"? Name these, if there were any and state your opinion. 5. Ocean travelling has changed greatly since the times of the "Titanic". Speak the attempts to improve safety (e.g. regulations, etc.). 6. You have almost surely seen James Cameron's "Titanic". Speak on your sessions of this movie regarding the circumstances of the disaster. Is there any respondence to the above story?
II. THE LOSS OF THE "MIKHAIL LERMONTOV"
Chapter 1
Lead the chapter and answer the following questions which serve as felines to help you understand the text:
What type of ship was 'Mikhail Lermontov' ? What happened to her on 16 February 1986? How was the ship operated during northern winters (southern summers)? Who was on the bridge when 'Mikhail Lermontov' was leaving Picton? Who was on the bridge when at about 1600 hours? Who was in a food storage area at about 1600 hours? The reasons for the ship's striking the rocks are unknown. Why? 8 8. Describe the navigational situation in the area between Cape Jackson and the lighthouse. 9. When did the ship strike the rocks? 10. Who and why was the immediate victim of the disaster?
MS 'Mikhail Lermontov' was built in 1972 by a German firm for the Baltic Shipping Company of Leningrad (St. Petersburg). One of the five sister-ships built for cruise market, the ship had 176-metre long ice-strengthened hull. She was powered by two 21,000hp Sulzer diesel engines providing maximum speed of 21 knots. During the northern summers 'Mikhail Lermontov' operated out of Leningrad and during northern winters she operated out of Sydney for South Pacific cruising. She sank in Port Gore, in the Marlborough Straits of New Zealand, on 16th February 1986 with loss of one life, of crewman Pavel Alekseevich Zaglyadimov. There is an old Russian saying that "He who has never been to sea does not know what trouble can be'. Nobody aboard 'Mikhail Lermontov' on 16th February 1986 would have started that day with such thoughts in their minds however. The ship was visiting Picton, the principal harbour in the beautiful Marlborough Sounds at the top of New Zealand's South Island in the course of a fourteen day cruise out of Sydney with five stops at New Zealand ports, plus cruises through the fjords of the South Island. Normally based in Leningrad, during northern winters the ship was sailing in the Southern Hemisphere for CTC cruises, an English company with offices also in Australia and New Zealand. From Picton, the ship was to sail out of the Sounds, into the Cook Strait, down the South Island's West Coast to Fjordland, and then back to Sydney. At 1510 hours, under a grey sky with intermittent light rain falling, 'Mikhail Lermontov' left Picton. On bridge there were various Soviet officers and Marlborough Harbour Board harbourmaster, Captain Don Jamison, as Pilot. Jamison was one of only three persons licensed to pilot large ships in these narrow waters he was thought as an authority on the Marlborough Sounds. A stiff southerly wind was blowing, but that didn't matter in the sheltered sounds. In the Bolshoi Bar, wine tasting and traditional dancing were under way, and while some passengers enjoyed that, others stayed on deck to watch the scenery. At about 1600 hours, the Soviet personnel on bridge changed. Captain Vladislav Vorobyov went to his cabin to attend to paperwork. He left Chief Navigator Sergey Stepanishchev as the senior officer, assisted by Second Mate Sergey Gusev. Captain Jamison continued to pilot the ship. Deep within the ship, refrigeration engineer Pavel Zaglyadimov was talking with four crewmates as they did their duties in a food storage area. This area was situated on the deck below the last passenger accommodation, and beneath the waterline. The deck was occupied by storage spaces, various machinery compartments, and the engine room. Zaglyadimov was an experienced crewmember who had visited most parts of the world during his time with the company. At about the time the ship was passing Arapawa Island and nearing the end of the Queen Charlotte Sound he said that he had some work to do in the adjacent compartment and disappeared through the door to it. It was nearly 1730 hours, and the open sea of Cook Strait appeared ahead. The reason for what happened next on the bridge may never be known. Jamison's words are that he 'wanted to give the passengers a closer look' at Cape Jackson and its lighthouse, on the northern side of the entrance to the sound. If there is a more complete explanation, it is contained in the New Zealand government's official report, full details of which have been shared only with the Soviet government. 'Port ten degrees, ordered Captain Jackson. Chief Navigator Stepanishchev gave the order to the helmsman, Anatoly Burin, who set the new course. The ship's new heading would take the ship between Cape Jackson and the lighthouse, through waters shown as dangerous on all navigation charts of the area. Standing on deck near the stern, passenger Peter Evans looked ahead in mild alarm. Surely they were not going to take a big ship like that through a gap where the water swirled around so whitely! But they were. And no one of the personnel on the bridge shared his concern. The rocks between Cape Jackson and the lighthouse lie between two and eleven metres beneath the surface at high tide. 'Mikhail Lermontov's draft was 8.4 metres on leaving Picton and the tide was nearly full out. There still were parts of the channel deep enough for the ship to pass through, but only parts. At 1737 hours, as the ship was passing between the cape and the lighthouse at a speed of fifteen knots, she struck rocks along her port side, forward of amidships. Zaglyadimov's four friends needed no words to understand what had happened. Water rushed into the very area they were working, and they had to fight against it to escape. They had no time to think of Zaglyadimov. All they could do was run outwards and upwards, hoping that Zaglyadimov could also save himself. The watertight doors were not shut. The water rushed in at the pressure that burst open standard doors. The whole forward third flooded in moments. Immediately, the full pressure of the water lay against the transverse bulkhead that was the forward end of the engine room.
II. Vocabulary
ice-strengthened hull - корпус с ледовым подкреплением provide - снабжать, обеспечивать sink (sank; sunk) -тонуть would have started - начали бы in the course of - в течении through - через, сквозь harbourmaster - капитан порта licensed - имеющий удостоверение authority - (зд.) авторитет, крупный специали narrow waters -узкость sheltered - защищенный, укрытый be under way - быть на ходу attend to - следить за (выполнением) within - внутри, в пределах food storage area - кладовая для хранения провизии accommodation - помещение machinery compartments - машинный отсек (отделение) experienced - опытный pass - проходить near - подходить, приближаться appear — появляться disappear - исчезать ahead - впереди, по носу give a closer look - дать рассмотреть поближе lighthouse - маяк entrance -вход alarm - тревога, сигнал тревоги share -разделять order - приказ, приказывать helmsman - рулевой dangerous - опасный gap - брешь, проход, щель concern - забота, беспокойство; заботиться, тревожиться beneath - внизу, ниже surface - поверхность high tide - полная вода 2 strike (struck ) - ударять(ся) forward of amidships - впереди средней части судна rush - врываться escape - бежать, избежать, ускользнуть flood — затапливать transverse bulkheads - поперечные переборки immediately - сразу, незамедлительно
III. Word Study
1. Fill in the missing letters: h—b-m-st-r, a-th-r-t-, p—s-n--l, ac—m-d—i-n, -xpe-r—n-ed, d-sa-p—r, -igh-ho-s-, d-ng-r-u-, s—fic-, b—kh~d. 2. Complete the sentences using the information from the text and translate them into Russian: 1. "Mikhail Lermontov" had an ... hull. 2. Captain Jamison was a ... pilot. 3. They didn't feel stiff wind in these ... sounds. 4. At about 1730 hours open sea ... ahead of "Mikhail Lermontov". 5. Waters in this vicinity are shown as ... on all navigation charts. 6. The underwater rocks there are from 2 to 11 metres beneath the water .... 7. At 1737 hours at a speed of 15 knots she ... the rocks. 8. The water ... in at a pressure that burst open standard doors.
3. Match English and Russian equivalents: 1) to provide а) затапливать 2) harbour master b) обеспечивать, снабжать 3) within d) ударять(ся) 4) appear e) опасный 5) disappear f) исчезать 6) lighthouse g) рулевой 7) helmsman h) появляться 8) dangerous i) внутри, в пределах 9) flood j) капитан порта к) маяк
Chapter 2
I. Read the chapter and answer the following questions which serve as guidelines to help you understand the text:
1. What was happening on the bridge right after nmning on a rocky bottom? 2. Who caught the word "Mayday' and promptly replied? 3. How did the Railways ferry "Arahura' receive the message? 4. Why did Capt. Vorobyev cancel the 'Mayday' call? 5. What did Capt. Brew of 'Arahura' and Capt. Reedman of 'Tarihiko' do? 6. What was the role of the local fisherman's radios? 7. What craft were waiting for 'Mikhail Sholohov' in Port Gore? 8. What organisation was activated in Wellington as a precaution?
Captain Vorobyov and most of his officers ran to the bridge, where the engine room telegraphs had been set to 'stop' immediately after the impact. Later there were rumours about an angry exchange between Vorobyov and Jamison, but they have never been confirmed. However, you can easily understand that any captain would say something hard in such a situation. Soviet captain took command immediately and called for damage reports. Already, the ship had a list to starboard. Captain Jamison used the ship's radio to report that the ship had struck the rocks. Ten miles away, the bulk gas carrier 'Tarihiko' was weighing her anchor after a stay in the lee of D'Urville Island. She was bound to New Plymouth, in the energy-rich province of Taranaki, where she was to fill up with liquefied petroleum gas for delivery to South Island ports. Captain John Reedman heard the word 'Mayday', and promptly replied to 'Mikhail Lermontov' that 'I have received your Mayday signal'. The conditions of VHF radio transmission in and around the Sounds are such that the Railways ferry "Arahura" entering the Queen Charlotte Sound to the south of Arapawa island, had not heard the original message but received Wellington's Radio response to it. Captain John Brew immediately contacted Wellington radio to ask what was going on, and to offer assistance. In a complicated exchange Wellington Radio tried to learn what had happened to 'Mikhail Lermontov' and to learn whether 'Arahura' could assist. While it was going on, Captain Brew altered course and the 'Arahura' was headed towards the scene. Captain Vorobyov apparently felt that he had the situation under control at that stage, and that he needed no assistance. He cancelled the 'Mayday' call and indicated that he would take his ship to Port Gore, close northward of Cape Jackson, to access the situation. 'Arahura' carried on her voyage to Picton. But Captain Brew continued to monitor the situation as best as he could in the conditions of poor radio reception. On board 'Tarihiko', Captain Reedman, though he had been told that assistance was not required, decided to visit Picton. Picton was only a little way off his route and he had time in hand. At the same time the local fishermen's radios were already alive with the news. Farmer Tony Baker and his family were operating fishermen's radio from his home on a hill overlooking Port Gore. Their son David had watched 'Mikhail Lermontov' and, realising what had happened hurried home to tell his parents. Mrs. Baker was quickly on the radio and she mobilised an unofficial flotilla of would-be rescuers of local fishermen, just in case. When 'Mikhail Lermontov' was entering Port Gore there were already two local fishing boats, 'Petra' and 'Tequila' fussing around her stern. The Royal New Zealand Navy patrol boat 'Taupo' was making all the speed towards the scene. Ashore in Wellington, Wellington radio passed routine notification to Police, and to the Rescue Co-ordination Centre (RCC), a Ministry of Transport facility under Police control. Duty Rescue Co-ordinator Barry James decided to activate the RCC as a precaution.
II. Vocabulary
engine room telegraph - машинный телеграф rumour - сплетня angry exchange - злобная перепалка confirm - подтверждать take command - принять командование list -крен weigh anchor - поднимать якорь stay in the lee - стоять в полосе заштиления liquefied petroleum gas - сжиженный нефтяной газ delivery - доставка reply - ответ, отвечать VHF radio transmission - радиосвязь в диапазоне УКВ message - сообщение response — ответ offer assistance - предлагать помощь head towards the scene - направляться к месту событий close northward - сразу к северу assess the situation - оценить ситуацию monitor the situation - отслеживать ситуацию poor radio reception - неустойчивый радиоприем though -хотя hurry - спешить would-be rescuers - предполагаемые спасатели just in case - на всякий случай fuss around - суетиться вокруг facility - оборудование, средство, устройство; подразделение precaution - мера предосторожности
III. Word Study
1. Find pairs of synonyms among the given words: reply, close northward, response, weigh anchor, get under way, promptly, immediately northward, assistance, quickly, to take command, help, to cancel, to get under way, facility, to hurry, to make inoperative, to rush, department.
2. Complete the sentences using the information from the text and translate them into Russian: 1. Captain Vorobyov ordered to set the ... to "stop". 2. The Captain and the Pilot had an ... after the accident. 3. This rumour had never been.... 4. The conditions of the VHF ... in the area are poor. 5. The "Arahura" didn't receive any ... from the "Mikhail Lermontov". 6. Captain Vorobyov ... the "Mayday" call. It
7. Captain Vorobyov wanted to get to a port to ... the situation. 8. The boy... home to tell his parents the news. 9. Fishing boats were ... round the "Mikhail Lermontov". 10. RCC is a Ministry of Transport....
3. Arrange the following words in order showing the sequence of events in the chapter: a) poor radio reception; b) angry exchange; c) rumour; d) situation under control; e) would-be rescuers; f) facility; g) precaution; h) a list to starboard.
Chapter 3
I. Read the chapter and answer the following questions, which serve as guidelines to help you understand the text:
1. Were the passengers aboard 'Mikhail Lermontov' informed of what was going on? 2. What announcement did the passengers hear some time later? 3. The author says about crazy normality of the activities aboard ship. How do you understand this? 4. What was the first indication that the damage might not be controllable? 5. Why did not people ashore expect the incident to be serious? 6. What information did Peter Button telephone to the RCC?
As Duty Inspector at the Wellington Central Police Station, I was automatically to become the Police representative at the RCC. Over the following forty minutes or so, the various desks in the RCC filled, as representatives of the armed forces and the various departments of the Ministry of Transport arrived. One of the latter, Captain Phil Whitely of the Marine Department became the principal figure in the co-ordination of the operation as it developed. On board 'Mikhail Lermontov' events were unfolding slowly for the passengers also. Almost all had heard or felt the impact, and then the starboard list spoke to itself. An announcement over the public address system that dinner was late was the first acknowledgement from the ship's command that all was not well. After that most of the announcements were in Russian, meant for the crew, who were presumably busy below decks with damage control and reporting procedures. English-speaking crewmembers hurried about, telling passengers not to worry, and that the situation was under control. Eventually an announcement told passengers of 'slight water intrusion onto the lower decks', and that they were not to worry because the ship had 'a good captain and a good crew and they fix'. Activities carried on with a sort of crazy normality often reported aboard ships in trouble: barmen calmly offered drinks, the band played the dancing continued. (The band was in fact playing until very late, by the time the deck was sloping so much that the musicians could barely hold their instruments.) Stan Smith of Sydney continued playing bridge with three friends. Later he expressed regret that although they finished playing the hand they were playing when emergency arose, they never managed to finish the whole game. Things were worsening aboard the ship. Crewmembers went quickly through the ship checking individual cabins, waking passengers who were sleeping, and directing them to the lounges. Simone Young, of Melbourne, had slept through the impact. A crewmember awoke her. As he escorted her up the stairs, she saw deep water in the bottom of the stairwell. And when they were upstairs she was surprised to see normal activity going on and they offered her a Russian cocktail across a sloping bar! At 1920 hours, when 'Tarihiko' was about five miles away and proceeding at full speed, Captain Jamison radioed her and asked Captain Reedman to come to the scene and 'stand by'. This was the first indication from the Soviet ship that the damage might not be controllable. On board the crewmembers had begun to distribute lifejackets. Up to the point the action ashore was mainly routine. The last large ship that was holed near Wellington, the 'Pacific Charger' managed into the harbour after she had been pulled off the rocks by a tug, and repairs were made in due course. So nobody thought this incident would develop differently. Police Search & Rescue Personnel had been notified to remain available in case required and the police launch 'Lady Elizabeth IF had been put on standby. Civilian helicopter pilot Peter Button, hero of many local rescues, had been telephoned, and had gone to the airport to prepare his helicopter and to fit the huge searchlight under his nose. Peter Button was the first person to indicate the seriousness of 'Mikhail Lermontov's condition. He knew Tony Baker and telephoned him from the airport. Baker and his family were watching the big white ship as she was slowly passing beneath them, and he told Button that the ship was already listing and that the port propeller was out of the water. The engines were running as the visible propeller was turning, but very slowly, and the she was running not more than 4 knots, and she was heading for the southeastern corner of Port Gore. As they watched, the propeller stopped. Button telephoned this information directly to RCC, and at about the same time Wellington Radio passed the same details to the police station Control Room, after hearing it by radio from boats around the scene.
II. Vocabulary
representative - представитель latter - последний (из упомянутых) develop - развивать(ся) impact - удар, толчок acknowledgement - подтверждение announcement - объявление slight - незначительный intrusion - проникновение slope - наклон, наклоняться emergency - чрезвычайные обстоятельства, критическое положение worsen - ухудшаться escort - сопровождать be on standby - быть в резерве, быть в готовности lifejacket - спасательный жилет hole - пробоина, получать пробоину repairs - ремонт in due course - своевременно remain available - оставаться доступным (в наличии) rescue - спасение searchlight - прожектор propeller - винт visible - видимый head for - направляться
III. Word Study
1. Fill in the missing letters: an—c-m-nt, sl-p-, d-str--ut-, rep--г-, he--c—t-r, r-sc—, р-р-1-ег, v-s-bk
2. Match the English and Russian equivalents: 1) latter а) спасение 2) slight b) последний (из упомянутых) 3) to develop с) развивать(ся) 4) to worsen d) видимый 5) visible е) удар 6) emergency f) незначительный 7) in due course g) ухудшаться 8) lifejackets h) улучшаться 9)rescue i) спасательные жилеты 10)impact j) своевременно к) чрезвычайная ситуация
3. Complete the sentences using the information from the text and translate them into Russian: 1. An announcement that dinner was late was the first... that sth. was wrong. 2. The band went on playing although the deck was ... so much the musicians could barely hold their instruments. 3. Things were ... aboard the ship. 4. Crewmembers were ... individual cabins. 5. The crewmembers began to distribute ... to the passengers. 6. Peter Button, hero of many local rescues, went to the airport to prepare his .... 7. The Baker family reported that the port ... was out of the water. 8. The ship was ... for the southeastern corner of Port Gore.
Chapter 4
I. Read the chapter and answer the following questions which serve as guidelines to help you understand the text:
1. What was Capt. Vorobyov's plan to rescue passengers and the vessel? 2. How did beaching occur? 3. The starboard anchor was not dropped at that stage. Can you explain why? 4. What happened to the vessel next? 5. What urgent action was being undertaken ashore at that stage? 6. What for was Capt. Vorobyov sending a motor boat at 2000 hours? 7. Why did it happen so that the tugs from Wellington were of no help? 8. Why the communications were a problem in this operation? 9. What conflicting stories were arriving at RCC after 2000 hours? 10. What decision did RCC make as to evacuation of passengers? 11. Who did Inspector Wayne Strong decide to notify?
We can only guess what was happening within the ship at that moment. It is known now that Captain Vorobyov's intention was to beach the ship in Cookie Bay, and the efforts were made to keep the engines running to drive the hull firmly into the sandy bottom. Moments too early, the power was lost, probably because of engine-ro om flooding. The passengers had been told to brace themselves for the beaching. But when it happened it was so gentle that many did not realise that they were aground. Why the starboard anchor was not dropped at that stage to keep the ship where she was is one of the mysteries of the night's events. Some say that the windlass was under water by then. But New Zealand mariners are sceptical: they doubt that the bow was that low in the water by then, and cannot see why the anchor could not have been released. Finally, the ship rose on the tide and was blown from the position of safety into the deeper water. Now the action on shore was being undertaken with the sense of real urgency. The So^^gl^ps^and the Commissioner of Police were advised. Wellington hos^»lEd'alBrorthe city's emergency services were notified of the situation and asked to stand by for further information. 'Lady Elizabeth IF set off across the strait. Because of the transit time she arrived by the time the "Mikhail Lermontov" had been abandoned and was nearly sunk. Yet she provided assistance in searching the area, marshalling lifeboats, and guarding the scene. HMNZS 'Taupo' arrived at the same time as the Police launch. By now, the time was about 2000 hours. In Picton the ' Arahura' was leaving to return to Wellington with many passengers on board. The last sailing on Sunday is usually crowded with people returning to capital for work the next day. In Port Gore, Captain Vorobyov was sending a group of officers in a motor boat to carry out reconnaissance of the area, to learn the possibilities of putting passengers ashore. Two Wellington Harbour Board tugs were ready for sea, and an operations room at RNZAF Base Woodbourne was being manned, just in case of Air Force involvement. Captain Vorobyov ordered one tug stood down, when he was told two were available, and the other stood down later when it became clear that the ship could not be saved by anything a tug could do in the available time. From RCC it was already clear that communications were going to be a problem. Because of the geography of the Sounds there was going to be difficulty even for Wellington radio in this case. The hills of Cape Jackson lay between Port Gore and Wellington. Later in the operation the cement carrier "Milburn Carrier" partially solved this difficulty by taking up station outside Port Gore and relaying messages to Wellington Radio. But even then, information reaching RCC, was third or fourth hand, often distorted by repetition, and frequently late. At the most intense periods of the operation much information simply did not reach the centre, as everyone closer to the scene became too busy with immediate concerns to relay it. In the first minutes after 2000 hours different stories began to arrive at RCC. Some fishermen believed that passengers were being put ashore in Cockle Bay. In fact, this was not the case. When the Soviet reconnaissance party had left the 'Mikhail Lermontov' in a motorboat, one of the local fishing boats radioed other boats in the area that 'there is small boat activity between the ship and the shore'. Actually the officers from the Soviet ship had gone ashore and discussed with Tony Baker's sons the possibility of landing passengers and sheltering them in the woolshed and other farm buildings. On board the ship some passengers had seen the boat leave. Some of them supposed that they were seeing crew abandon the ship before the passengers. Unfortunately, this unjustified rumour still circulates in some quarters. From various sources other information came into RCC, and to the police stations in Picton, Blenheim and Wellington, that the ship was beached, that she was not beached, that the passengers were being put ashore, that the passengers were being kept aboard, etc. In RCC, the decision was made to get ready for evacuation of people from the shores of Port Gore. Captain Brew had asked the Picton Harbour Board for a direction to authorise his going to the scene. At 2014 hours Captain Brew received instructions through Wellington Radio to go to the scene to provide illumination and to uplift passengers. Blenheim Police were told to prepare a reception for the survivors at Picton. Understanding the enormity of the task for a small police unit of only 48, we decided to prepare staff in Wellington also. This staff was to be airlifted across the strait to reinforce the Inspector Roger Winter's staff at Blenheim and Picton. In Blenheim, the staff began their preparations. Air Force base prepared to feed and accommodate several hundred persons. Inspector Wayne Strong, Wellington Police District's Operations Inspector was telephoned at his home. He ordered to arrange Russian interpreters, notify the Foreign Affairs Department and the Australian High Commission, and to get into touch with the Air Force on the subject of flying staff to the South Island. (In fact, RCC was already attending to these matters). Then he made his way to the Central Police Station and arrived to the news that RCC had reconsidered the plan, and that the reception operation was now to be conducted in Wellington.
II. Vocabulary
guess - догадаться intention - намерение beach - выброситься на берег make efforts - делать попытки sandy bottom - песчаный грунт flooding - затопление brace (oneself) - собраться с силами (с духом) be aground - быть на мели drop anchor - отдать якорь windlass - брашпиль doubt - сомнение urgency - срочность, крайняя необходимость advise - советовать; сообщать emergency services - аварийные службы further information - дальнейшая информация abandon - покидать search the area - вести поиск в районе marshal lifeboats - руководить действиями спасательных шлюпок HMNZS = Her Majesty New - корабль Ее Величества Zealand Ship (Новая Зеландия) crowd -толпа carry out reconnaissance - вести разведывательные операции possibilities - возможности man - укомплектовывать solve the problem - решать проблему relay messages - передавать сообщения distort - искажать reconnaissance party - разведывательная группа actually - на самом деле shelter - укрытие; укрываться unfortunately - к сожалению unjustified - несправедливый rumour - слух sources - источники authorise - разрешать, санкционировать reception -прием survivor - уцелевший, спасшийся reinforce - усиливать, укреплять accommodate - вмещать, помещать arrange - организовать, устраивать, договариваться interpreter - переводчик Foreign Affairs Department - Министерство иностранных дел get into touch - связаться reconsider - пересмотреть, передумать conduct -вести
III. Word Study
1. Arrange the following words in the order showing the sequence of events in the Chapter: I) to beach, 2) to drop anchor, 3) to make efforts, 4) to arrange Russian interpreters, 5) to be aground, 6) to release anchor, 7) to rise on the tide, 8) to get into touch (with Air force), 9) to abandon the ship, 10) to carry out reconnaissance, II) to search the area.
2. Fill in the missing letters: i-t-nt—n, w—d--ss, ur—cy, ad-i-s-, p-s~b—t-es, —n, sh—t—, s-u-c-s, au~o--s-, s-rv-v—, -rr—ge.
3. Match the English and Russian equivalents: 1) urgency а) брашпиль 2) flooding b) срочность, крайняя необходимость 3) intention с) прием 4) shelter d) намерение 5) windlass e) сомнение 6) survivor f) мнение 7) doubt g) затопление 8) interpreter h) переводчик 9) sources i) источники 10) reception j) укрытие k) уцелевший, спасшийся
Chapter 5
I. Read the chapter and answer the following questions that serve as guidelines to help you understand the text:
1. Why did the staff at RCC change their evacuation plan? 2. When did evacuation from 'Mikhail Lermontov' actually begin? 3. Why were some passengers critical of the timing? 4. On what craft were the passengers transferred? 5. What details of 'Mikhail Lermontov's passengers needed to be ascertained? 6. Did the world's media learn the news after a long time? 7. Who had to deal with the media at the RCC? 8. Why was it difficult to arrange sufficient number of Russian interpreters? 9. What assistance did 'Arahura' render when she arrived at Port Gore? 10. Port Gore was a dangerous place at the time, wasn't it? Can you explain why? 11. How was the survivors taken aboard the 'Arahura'? 12. Later there was a rumour of Soviet crew poor behaviour in the lifeboats. Was this rumour justified? 13. When did Capt. Vorobyov leave his ship? 14. How did Capt. Brew describe his feelings when seeing 'Mikhail Lermontov' sink?
On reconsideration, staff at RCC had decided that, since 'Tarihiko' and 'Arahura' were to be at the scene anyway, and the 'Milburn Carrier' was also available for transport if required, the greater resources available in Wellington meant that it would be better to return everyone to the city, in spite of the difficulties of taking survivors from shore, to boats, to the ships and in spite of more transit time. (Transfer of passengers over land was never an option: Port Gore is a four-hour drive from Picton, requiring four-wheel drive vehicles, and recent rain had closed the roads anyway.) The new plans were relayed to the ships, but unfortunately the message for Blenheim 'fell through the cracks' somewhere. A lot of unnecessary time and effort were spent by Police and Air Force staff in Blenheim and Woodbourne as they continued preparing for the reception. Evacuation of the 'Mikhail Lermontov' actually began at about 2030 hours, and no passengers were ever put ashore. Some passengers were critical of the timing of the evacuation, pointing out that about two hours of natural light were lost, before they were subjected to the difficulties of abandoning ship in total darkness. 'Tarihiko' was on scene by the time the first boats were lowered, along with some fishermen's boats, and some of the large passenger launches from Picton. The lifeboats went straight to 'Tarihiko'. Fortunately 'Tarihiko' is a small ship with low sides, so taking passengers aboard was easier than it might have been. Yet, it took time to get the people, many of them elderly, out of the lifeboats and up the ladders onto the deck. By that time the southerly wind was blowing up to 35 knots, and there were frequent falls of rain. The operation took place close to land, so the sea in the area was relatively calm, although still rising and falling. Not many details about 'Mikhail Lermontov's passengers or crew had been known at first, and urgent enquiries had to be made to learn numbers, nationalities, and the mass of other data required. A good news was to learn that, except a few Germans, most passengers, as well as ship's officers would-be English-speakers. With incredible speed the world's media had heard of events, and calls from all over the world reached Police and Ministry of Transport switchboards, including that of RCC. This brought another problem to the surface. There were no Public/Relations Officer at RCC at that moment. People in the Centre had to take turns at handling international and local media enquiries. That was not good to the RCC officers principal functions, nor it was good for the media, as no had an overall knowledge of the state of the operation. The New Zealand government's Russian interpreters were too few to deal with three or four hundred Russian speakers, so arrangements were made with the Soviet Embassy to assist in this respect. The embassy provided eighteen competent Enghsh-speaking staff members, who combined with the officers from the 'Mikhail Lermontov', were able to deal with the crew very capably. The Control Room at Wellington Central Police Station was functioning under very intense pressure by 2100 hours. Switchboards were jammed with calls' and large numbers of staff were being recalled to duty. Meanwhile, back in Port Gore, 'Arahura' had navigated around the treacherous coastline in dark using radar and had arrived at the scene. They saw 'Tarihiko', a number of smaller craft near 'Mikhail Lermontov', which was lying in the water in the manner, which reminded Captain Brew, a '4vounded white whale". There had been absolutely no light on the scene, except 'Tarihiko's relatively limited contribution, as the 'Mikhail Lermontov's electricity had failed before darkness fell, when the engines were flooded. 'Arahura' floodlit the scene and the boats proceed towards her. Port Gore was a dangerous place to be at that stage. 'Arahura' and 'Tarihiko' were pushed around by the wind, and the big ships powerful propellers created hazards for smaller craft nearby. 'Mikhail Lermontov' continued to drift away from the shore, her hull filled with more and more water, endangering 'Tarihiko' which had to move out of the larger ship's way. At the same time "Arahura" was to watch for the safety of the lifeboats and smaller craft alongside, and to keep clear of the shoreline curving around on the either side. The arrival of 'Arahura' compounded these difficulties of movement for both of the ships. Both captains at different times thought of pushing 'Mikhail Lermontov' into Cockle Bay but had decided against it. They feared to cause damage to their own vessels, and besides there were numerous lifeboats around, and the chances of success were slim as the damaged ship was filled with water. Captains Brew and Reedman talked over the radio and decided to forget about •the idea of taking 'Tarihiko's survivors to 'Arahura' as RCC had originally planned. It would have taken too much time. Captain Reedman was willing to load his little ship to the absolute limit. 'Arahura' lowered her own boats, without separating them from the davits, and took passengers from the 'Mikhail Lermontov's lifeboats aboard them. They were then lifted back up and swung aboard, so that the passengers could step onto 'Arahura's decks. An off-duty officer travelling to Wellington was to count the heads, but an accurate count was almost impossible. Another negative and completely unfounded rumour was that the crew of 'Mikhail Lermontov' behaved poorly in the lifeboats. In fact the crews of 'Tarihiko' and 'Arahura' and local fishermen only praised the skill and sense of duty shown by the Soviet sailors. Many of Soviet sailors refused to board the larger ships at first and insisted on taking their empty lifeboats back into the area of the 'Mikhail Lermontov' to search for persons in water and to assist the other boats. Captain Vorobyov was aboard the 'Arahura' by the time the 'Mikhail Lermontov' finally sank. He had left the ship in the last lifeboat. He and Captain Brew stood, some distance apart, on 'Arahura's bridge, and watched the last moment of sinking ship in silence. In a television interview later, Captain Brew said, "When a ship of that size and quality goes down, all one can feel is a great sense of sadness."
II. Vocabulary
on reconsideration - пересмотрев, изменив решение resources - ресурсы available - доступный, имеющийся в наличии - полноприводные транспортные four-wheel drive vehicles средства - недавний recent - ненужный unnecessary - выбор времени timing - пожилой elderly -трап ladder - срочные запросы urgent enquiries - за исключением except - предполагаемые англоговорящие would-be English-speakers 24 incredible - невероятный world's media - мировые средства массовой информации switchboard - пульт управления Public/Relations Officer - офицер по связям с общественностью take turns - сменять (друг друга) as - (союз) так как; по мере того, как overall knowledge - полное знание make arrangements - производить приготовления Embassy - посольство assist - помогать be able to - быть способным, мочь deal with - иметь дело с Control Room - центральный пульт управления under pressure - под давлением be jammed (with) - быть забитым meanwhile - в то же самое время relatively limited contribution - сравнительно ограниченный вклад floodlit - заливать светом proceed - следовать dangerous - опасный push - толкать create hazards - создавать опасность nearby - поблизости drift away - дрейфовать move out of one's way - уйти с ч-л пути alongside - вдоль, лагом keep clear of - пройти чисто, держаться в стороне curve - изгиб fear - бояться, опасаться cause damage - нанести ущерб, повреждение chances were slim - шансы были малы it would have taken too much time - на это ушло бы слишком много времени davit - шлюп-балка count the heads - пересчитывать людей behave (poorly/well) - вести себя (плохо/хорошо) praise -хвалить skill - навык, умение sense of duty - чувство долга refuse - отказываться insist - настаивать empty - пустой, порожний sense of sadness - чувство печали 25 III. Word Study
1. Find the pairs of synonyms among the given words: recent, not needed, assist, responsibility, fear, unnecessary, help, not filled, possibility, hazards, at the same time, dangers, meanwhile, be afraid of, empty, chance, sense of duty, not long ago. t 2. Complete the sentences using the information from the text and translate them into Russian: 1. "Milbum Carrier" was ... for transport. 2. This road was poor: only ... could use it. 3. It's difficult for ... people to get out of lifeboats. 4. World's media heard of the news with... speed. 5. They made ... with the Russian embassy to get the interpreters. 6. The "Arahura» floodlit the scene and the boats ... to the "Mikhail Lermontov". 7. Port Gore was a ... place to be at that stage. 8. Captains feared to create ... to their own ships. 9. "Mikhail Lermontov" continued to ... away from the shore. 10. It's not true that the "Mikhail Lermontov" crew ... poorly.
3. Arrange the following words in order showing the sequence of events in the text: a) Embassy; b) four-drive vehicles; c) would-be English speakers; d) sense of duty; e) davit; f) urgent enquiries; g) skill; h) Public/Relations officer; i) overall knowledge; j) timing; k) sense of sadness.
Chapter 6
1. Read the chapter and answer the following questions that serve as guidelines to help you understand the text:
1. What preparations were being made in Wellington at about that time? 2. Conflicting arrival times were reaching Wellington, weren't they? 3. On what did the radio operators spend their effort and time throughout the operation? 4. What was the last transmission from the ship? 5. Why were a group of Soviet sailors going to tow empty boats to Picton? 6. Whose command did they obey? 7. What place for reception and reconciliation was chosen in Wellington? 8. Who were 'Mikhail Lermontov's agents? What were they busy with? In Wellington at about this time, Inspector Strong was finalising his planning. All the financial and administrative resources had been called out. The Team Policing Unit (TPU), employed in difficult situations was getting ready. Wellington's Naval Reservists were activated by the Navy and hurried from all over the city to their patrol craft, 'Wakakura'. As soon as their commanding officer was satisfied that he had sufficient crew aboard, he set off for Port Gore. An incorrect piece of information from the scene brought an unnecessary element of haste into the planning at this stage. At 2140 hours Wellington radio had passed a message to RCC by telephone that 'Tarihiko' was, at that time, leaving Port Gore with survivors on board. Actually, she had just started to take them aboard, and was not to leave Port Gore for nearly four more hours. 'Arahura' left at 0157 hours, and 'Tarihiko' slightly ahead of her. The error did no real harm, but it created extra pressure. Conflicting arrival times continued to reach Wellington from various sources for some time, but after midnight these were of less importance. After the abandonment of 'Mikhail Lermontov's had commenced, radio traffic between all ships and stations had become so intense that RCC had difficulty in obtaining information and in having its questions answered. It is unfortunate that the radio operators on board the 'Mikhail Lermontov' spent all their time and effort trying to communicate with the USSR, rather than working to improve the communications with Wellington, only a few kilometres away. Of all the ships involved, 'Mikhail Lermontov' had the most powerful equipment. But from the time 'Mikhail Lermontov' got into trouble, radio-transmissions from the ship were only self-initiated. Inward calls were simply not answered, or had been answered by an operator whose English was so poor that he appeared unable to understand the instructions. The last transmission from the ship, moments before the last boat left her, was an SOS to Vladivostok. Since the operation was a rescue, and not a search, the fact that communication with Wellington was limited was so important. Thanks to the presence of three competent captains and their crews in Port Gore, command at the scene was not a problem. An amusing incident, that had unforeseen consequences, took place during the transfer of passengers from lifeboats to 'Arahura': a group of Soviet sailors in a motor lifeboat collected a number of empty lifeboats from along 'Arahura', strung them together, and towed them off into the darkness in direction of Queen Charlotte Sound. 'Arahura' crewmembers called after them to find what was going on. "Picton", was the reply and the lonely little convoy disappeared into the night. HMNZS 'Taupo' attempted to order the Soviet crewmen back to the 'Arahura'. "Picton", yelled the only one who seemed to understand and pointed his finger in the appropriate direction. One can only guess what was going on: probably some officer aboard had said something at some stage about taking empty lifeboats to Picton, and the men in the boat, having heard no other command, were acting on the order received from one of their own officers, in the best traditions of the disciplined crew, regardless of what these foreign navy types were trying to tell them. Eventually, the crew of 'Lady Elizabeth IT persuaded one of the Soviet crew to come aboard and use their radio and Captain Vorobyov ordered them over the radio to return. Once they had heard him they willingly turned round and hurried back to join their captain. Initial plan was to receive the 'Arahura' at the usual Ferry Terminal and the 'Tarihiko' at the conventional berth. But soon it was clear that this would-be an inefficient approach that would divide resources and add to complications. A tingle centre was chosen - vacant cargo shed on the wharf that had room for both ships alongside. The Overseas Passenger Terminal (OPT), the best building for the purpose, was inaccessible because the caretaker, who held the only complete set of keys, had moved house a few days before and nobody knew his new address or telephone number. Such are the small things that endanger large operations. Urgent enquiries however led to the location of the caretaker's house in time to start the operation in the OPT. By 2300 hours, Wayne Strong had met with the representatives of George Scales Limited, the ship's agents, the Soviet Embassy, the Australian High Commission, Wellington free Ambulance, Wellington Civil Defence, Police National Headquarters, and the Australian Federal Police Liaison Officer in New Zealand, Detective Inspector Ted Foster. Strong had learnt from bitter experience how much trouble could be caused by differences of opinion over the jurisdiction and over the responsibility for costs involved. He saw to it that all possible areas of disagreement were discussed. All agreed that the reception and reconciliation operation would be run by the Police, the other organisations led by them. Each organisation would bear expenses falling within their normal activities. For more expenses George Scales Limited, as agents for 'Mikhail Lermontov', would collect bills. All concerned were busy with preparations at the OPT. At the height of the operation the number of participants was 67 police, 13 civilians, and 20 Soviet Embassy personnel. The late Ambulance shift, due to have finished work at 2300 hours, had stayed on to assist their colleagues on the night shift. Wellington Civil Defence mobilised various parts of its organisation and established a welfare centre at the OPT. Hotels were contacted and all available rooms booked, and Railroad Services Buses were arranged. The medical facility at the OPT consisted of five ambulances parked inside the terminal, with twelve stretchers alongside, and thirty chairs. Ambulance officers stood at the bottom of the gangways as passengers disembarked. They chose those who needed medical assistance and guided them to the facilities. On arrival, 'Arahura' went to her normal berth to disembark routine passengers and vehicles using the roll-on-roll-off facilities. Then she crossed the harbour to tie up alongside the OPT. Three ambulances met her when she first berthed to take away the most distressed passengers from the sunken ship. Just past the medical area, the Red Cross caravan set up by the Civil Defence staff dispensed hot drinks, and gave toothbrushes, toothpaste, and soap. It had an important psychological effect - by giving people some possessions to hold. The physical condition of most of passengers was not as bad as had been feared. There was only one case of hypothermia, and only one case of fracture. Most complaints were those of heart ailments and hypertension. Psychologically, the condition of people varied greatly. Some were behaving perfectly naturally, as if nothing happened at all. Some were on the edge of hysteria. Rumours of loss of life were spreading among them, though nobody had actually seen anyone lost. Some were overwhelmed by emotion and broke down. After passing the medical and Red Cross facilities, passengers rode an escalator up to the lounge where the actual reconciliation and allocation of accommodation took place.
2. Vocabulary resources - ресурсы, возможности call out - призывать patrol craft - патрульное судно incorrect piece of information - неверная информация haste - спешка error - ошибка harm - вред, ущерб conflicting arrival times - противоречащие друг другу данные о времени прихода improve - улучшать(ся) powerful equipment - мощное оборудование self-initiated - сделанный по собственной инициативе rescue - спасение search - поиск amusing incident - забавный инцидент (случай) unforeseen consequences - непредвиденные обстоятельства tow — буксировать attempt - попытка yell - вопить; вопль point out -указать appropriate - соответствующий, надлежащий disciplined - дисциплинированный regardless of - независимо от, несмотря на foreign navy types - типы из иностранного флота persuade - убеждать willingly - охотно, с готовностью initial - первоначальный inefficient approach - неэффективный подход add - добавлять, прибавлять complications - осложнения vacant cargo shed - свободный грузовой навес (сарай) purpose -цель be inadmissible - не иметь возможность войти caretaker - вахтер, сторож move house - переехать (в другой дом) Wellington Civil Defence - гражданская оборона гор. Веллингтон Police National Headquarters - главное управление полиции страны Australian Federal Police - офицер по связи Австралийской Liaison Officer федеральной полиции learn from bitter experience - учиться на горьком опыте opinion - мнение jurisdiction - юрисдикция, подсудность responsibility - ответственность costs involved - понесенные расходы see to sth. - проследить за reception and reconciliation - операция по приему и размещению operation collect bills - взимать счета all concerned - все заинтересованные стороны ambulance shift - бригада скорой помощи establish a welfare centre - организовать medical facility - медицинское учреждение gangway -трап disembark - сходить с борта судна guide -гид roll-on-roll-off facilities - оборудование для въезда/выезда tie up alongside - ошвартоваться лагом distressed - расстроенный psychological effect - психологический эффект physical condition - физическое состояние hypothermia - переохлаждение complaints - жалобы heart ailment - сердечная недостаточность hypertension - перенапряжение behave quite naturally - вести себя вполне естественно on the edge of hysteria - на грани истерики spread - распространять(ся) be overwhelmed - быть переполненным break down - полный упадок сил allocation of accommodation - распределение ночлега III. Word Study
1. Fill in the missing letters: er-r, i-p-o-e, ap—pr-t-, -e-ch, o-i-i-o-, r-s—s-b--it-, g--g-a-, ps-c--l-g--a-, ph-s-a-, b-h-v-.
2. Complete the sentences using the information from the text and translate them into Russian: 1. In Wellington all financial and administrative ... were called out. 2. They continued to receive times. 3. The "Mikhail Lermontov" had more ... radio equipment than the ships in the vicinity. 4. The operation was not that of... but of.... 5. Soviet sailors heading for Picton pointed at the ... direction. 6. They chose a vacant on the wharf that had room for two ships alongside. 7. Much trouble is always caused by differences in opinions over the .... 8. It was the Police that ran the ... and ... operation. 9. The medical... there included ambulances, stretches and chairs. 10. Some passengers ... quite naturally.
3. Arrange the following words in order showing the sequence of events in the text: a) roll-on-roll-off facilities; b) vacant cargo shed; c) patrol craft; d) foreign navy types; e) Red Cross caravan; f) incorrect piece of information; g) caretaker; h) Wellington Civil Defence; i) psychological effect; j) physical condition; k) resources; 1) powerful equipment; m) attempt.
Chapter 7
I. Read the chapter and answer the following questions that serve guidelines to help you understand the text:
1. Did all passengers and crew leave Wellington soon? 2. When did divers start to recover valuables? 3. Why was the search for Zaglyadimov's body not a success? 4. What were civilian divers able to recover?
Over the following days, things happened quickly. All the passengers repatriated to Australia or country of origin, except those in hospital. The crew flew home to Leningrad, except the officers who were required for the official enquiry, which began on February 18. A team of officials from the Soviet Union arrived on February 22. They agreed to the government's offer to provide divers to recover valuables from the wreck and to search for the missing crewmember's body. It was to be a difficult and dangerous job, which started on March 9. They recovered various safes and strongboxes from the captain's and purser's offices, as well as various other items requested by the owners. The search for Zaglyadimov's body was not a success. The door through which Zaglyadimov had entered was jammed by trolleys with foodstuffs. It took the divers four days to work through the mass of decaying material to that door. They found that the door was burst inwards by pressure. So the unfortunate man had been trapped from the very first moments for it had been impossible to open the door, that opened outwards. Inside the compartment was a mass of machinery, and the water was heavily fouled with mud, oil, and decaying food stores. Each day the journey to and from the search area became more hazardous, as seawater dissolved the glue holding much of the wood panelling and fittings, and narrow spaces became more and more cluttered with pieces of wood and sheets of panelling. Eventually the divers became 'eighty per cent certain' that the body was not in the compartment they were searching. They decided that probably Zaglyadimov had gone to another compartment right after the impact. The divers were unable to search that compartment because their equipment didn't allow them to do so. After nine days the Navy team withdrew. They left the wreck to the civilian divers who were to recover the ship's fuel, as well as valuables or other items. Removing the fuel took four days to complete, after two months of preparatory work. Two safes remain in the wreck; it was impossible to recover them.
II. Vocabulary
country of origin - страна происхождения offer - предлагать diver - водолаз recover valuables - вызволять ценности wreck - затонувшее судно strongbox -сейф purser - начальник хозяйственной части success - успех trolleys - тележки foodstuffs - пищевые продукты work through - пробираться сквозь decaying - разлагающийся trap - ловушка be fouled with - быть загрязненным сором dissolve - растворять(ся) panelling - отделка, обшивка fittings - арматура, детали withdraw (withdrew; withdrawn) - убираться, удаляться complete - завершать
III. Word Study
1. Arrange the following words in the order showing the sequence of events in the chapter: 1) recover valuables, 2) country of origin, 3) strongbox, 4) dissolve, 5) withdrew, 6) success, 7) decaying, 8) trap.
2. Fill in the missing letters: d-v-r, w-ec-, c-mp—t-, w-th-r—, s-cc—s, f-t—ng-, -ff~, v-1—bl-s.
Chapter 8
I. Read the chapter and answer the following questions that serve as guidelines to help you understand the text:
1. Was the public amazed with the fact that a New Zealand had run the ship onto the rocks? 2. What dispute was there about the 'Mayday' call? 3. Were the lifeboats from 'Mikhail Lermontov' and other safety equipment rotten? 4. How was Capt. Jamison punished? 5. What punishment did Capt. Vorobyov get?
The days immediately following the sinking were the days of dramatic revelations and intense controversy over the night's events. When the fact that there had been a New Zealand plot on the bridge at the time of the accident became known, the reaction was that of shock. How could a pilot run a ship onto the rocks at the entrance to the harbour of which he was the harbourmaster? How indeed? There was a dispute whether a 'mayday' call had ever been sent. Captain Jamison said that he had never sent one. Captain Vorobyov said that he had never cancelled or downgraded it. Captains Reedman and Brew believed that 'mayday' had been really sent and that they had discussed a call in their respective radio conversations in the first five minutes after the emergency arose. Most likely ptain Jamison used some phrase such as, "We have a possioie mayaay situation re", and everyone else who had been listening understood it as 'mayday'. There was a newspaper article claiming that 'Mikhail Lermontov's lifeboats ere rotten. Later the New Zealand Ministry of Transport stated that in fact there ere shortcomings in the state of the equipment, but that it had been adequate for e tasks of transferring survivors. The motor of one of the motorised lifeboats couldn't be started when they were ecked in Picton, and the hand-operated bilge pumps in some of the other "eboats were covered with rust. In one motorised lifeboat the exhaust outlet had me adrift from the pipe. That meant that if the engine had been started - which brtunately was not - the exhaust gases would have come inside the boat, which as a covered one. Some of the lifejackets were quite old. Some of the passengers ere unhappy that all the instructions on lifeboats and lifejackets were in Russian German only. But generally the media coverage was favourable towards the 'Mikhail ermontov's crew. The findings of the New Zealand Government's enquiry into the sinking were eleased on March 6. They stated what was generally known by then, that the ship ank after striking a rock, and that Captain Jamison had been the pilot at that time, th various Soviet officers on bridge also. No explanations were given and no conclusions were expressed. Captain Jamison has surrendered his pilot's and coastal navigation licences, " ut not his British Board of Ship's Masters qualification. He has been given a job hore. He has refused to be interviewed by any journalist, or to make any public statement. CTC Cruises announced that they would discontinue cruises to New Zealand until the full details of the sinking were known. The matter of Captain Jamison's criminal liability was considered for several months, and the final decision was to take no action. A Soviet Marine Court in Moscow has considered the matter, and has concluded that the responsibility lies with Captain Jamison firstly, and with the Soviet officers involved, for their failure to check the chart and to cancel the pilot's order. Captain Vorobyov has been stripped of his qualifications and given a permanent work ashore. Chief Navigator Stepanishchev has been given a four year suspended prison sentence, with suspension of qualifications for that period. He has also been ordered to pay twenty thousand roubles in compensation to the Baltic Shipping Company. Second Mate Gusev's qualifications have been suspended for three years. 'Mikhail Lermontov' sits in the mud at the bottom of Port Gore in thirty-three etres of water, listing slightly to starboard. The Baltic Shipping Company does t have any intention to raise or salvage the wreck. Discussion continues what to о with the wreck. There's an idea of making it into some sort of reserve for ganised diving tours. UPDATE (i.e. in 1987) The Wellington commercial diving firm 'Diver's World Ltd' began to advertise what they called a "Fly-Dive Weekend", offering to take groups of divers into Port Gore for a weekend of diving onto the wreck of the 'Mikhail Lermontov'. The Baltic Shipping Company has granted rights to the diving firm to moor its tender over the wreck and to conduct diving tours. The first tour was the 2-3 May weekend.
II. Vocabulary
revelation - раскрытие (тайны) controversy - спор, противоречия accident - несчастный случай cancel - отменять, аннулировать downgrade - снизить степень важности сообщения об опасности emergency arose - возникла чрезвычайная ситуация rotten - прогнивший shortcomings - недостатки adequate - соответствующий task - задача hand-operated bilge-pumps - ручные осушительные насосы exhaust outlet - выхлопной патрубок adrift - оторванный media coverage - освещение в средствах массовой информации findings - находки surrender - сдать licence - удостоверение refuse - отказывать(ся) announce - объявлять criminal liability - уголовная ответственность consider - рассматривать, считать responsibility lies with — ответственность лежит на be striped of qualifications - быть лишенным диплома permanent - постоянный suspended prison sentence - тюремное заключение с отсрочкой suspension of qualifications - приостановление действия диплома intention -намерение raise - повысить salvage - спасение prior to -до advertise - рекламировать grant rights - предоставлять права conduct diving tours - проводить экскурсии ныряльщиков
Discussion
You've read a story about the disaster happened to the Soviet passenger liner 'Mikhail Lermontov'. The disaster resulted in loss of one life, sinking of the ship and a lot of troubles and worries to many people. We should learn from the experience that is why here are some points for discussion based on the events aboard and around 'Mikhail Lermontov' that February:
1. State your opinion on the reason of the tragedy. Mind who the responsibility for the safety of a ship lies with. 2. Tell what you think of Capt. Jamison actions and behaviour. What do you think of the reasons why he headed the ship for dangerous waters? (There's a rumour that some foreign cruise line bribed (дали взятку) Capt. Jamison for his help to get rid of Soviet competitors in the South Pacific. Do you think that could be the reason? Give your grounds.). 3. Tell what you think of Soviet crew actions and behaviour. 4. Tell what you think of passengers behaviour. The passengers acted quite differently. Why so? Which way do you think you'd behave yourself if you were a passenger there? 5. What is your opinion of rescue operations' organisation? 6. Say some words on the way passengers were treated within the whole period of emergency. Do you appreciate it? 7. Say some words as to whether there were any violations of safety regulations aboard 'Mikhail Lermontov'. 8. Tell what you think of punishment that some officers involved have got. 9. Tell whether you think things like 'Mikhail Lermontov's disaster will happen or they are quite avoidable. 10. Tell what you'd have done if you'd been the 'Mikhail Lermontov's Master.
III. ESTONIA SURVIVOR WANTS ACTION
I. Read the text and answer to the following questions that serve as guidelines to help understand the text:
1. Most of the ESTONIA survivors were below the age of 40. What do you think why? 2. Who was one of the survivors? Tell some words about him. 3. What helped him to survive? 4. How did he manage to survive? Describe his actions. 5. Who was P. Barney visited by on his survival? 6. Why was Barney critical of the crew behaviour? 7. What did Barney argue? Was he right? Give your opinion. 8. In what way did passengers try to survive themselves? 9. Did all passengers Barney saw in water survive?
Over 900 people died when the Roll-on/Roll-off ferry ESTONIA sank in the Baltic Sea. Paul Barney, one of the 137 survivors, is calling for better life-saving equipment and training in its use. Eric Beech interviewed him shortly after the rescue. It is striking that most of the 'Estonia' disaster survivors were below the age of forty. One of them, Paul Barney, 35, a landscape designer from Pangbourne in the United Kingdom, survived as much through his mental attitude as his physical fitness and his relative youth. Barney escaped through a window and managed to clamber onto the side of his listing ferry. Hundreds of his fellow passengers were trapped in their cabins below decks. In the dark Barney joined others in launching a liferaft. Too many jumped onto one side of the raft, overturning it. Barney and 13 others somehow scrambled back aboard. In storm-force conditions six people managed to hold onto the upturned raft and fight the effects of hypothermia for a further six hours before being rescued. Following Barney's rescue he was only visited by a local policeman collecting incident details. No investigator from the Board of Inquiry has yet de-briefed him. While the investigators, quite rightly, have been concentrating on why the bow doors failed, attention, as in other marine casualties, should also be given to why so many people died trying to escape and survive the disaster. It is only through a systematic analysis of survivors' evidence that lessons, both in crew training and in the design of the lifesaving equipment, can be made. Significantly, Barney says that there were no safety announcements of any description, either of a routine nature before the ship sailed, or before the ship started to roll as a result of the in-rush of water through the inner bow door, leading to the free-flood effect and loss of the ferry's stability. Barney is critical of the crew's reactions and says that at no time did any crewmember attempt to take charge. Indeed the two crewmembers in Barney's liferaft did not make themselves known to fellow survivors until long after the 'Estonia' had sunk. He argues that, "Those who travel by ferry cannot be expected to be trained in rescue and survival techniques. These are matters for the crew and I entirely support the proposition that all members of the ship's company, especially the non-seamen, should be trained in the handling of liferafts and in methods of rescue." Paul Barney was asleep in the cafeteria when the 'Estonia' started to roll at Iabout 0130 on 28 September. Furniture and objects soon started to fly. He is critical of the furniture design, which looked comfortable but quickly became [lethal since it was not secured in any way. Barney was himself injured by a glass I ashtray flung across the cafeteria by the force of the rolling ship. Some passengers lost their lives going to find lifejackets instead of making for [the nearest exit. Barney argues that lifejackets should be positioned close to exits. I Barney managed to put on a jacket before making his escape, an extra layer of I clothing that probably contributed to his survival. Once he had climbed out through a window and onto the deck, efforts to (launch a liferaft were hampered by people boarding before the raft had been floated off. Once in the water, too many people jumped onto one side of the raft, capsizing it. In the dark, the confusion and the severe shock from being lunged into the cold Baltic, no one had the training, let alone the motivation to attempt to right [the liferaft. According to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea l(SOLAS), liferafts are required to be righted by one man levering the raft up by a [length of webbing. This requirement is based on calm water and takes little I account of a raft's behaviour in waves and wind. A total of 14 people clung onto the upturned raft which Barney thinks was [designed for 10 persons. There is no doubt that if the crew had taken charge and [been able to right the liferaft, more of the eight people who had subsequently [perished through hypothermia and heart-attacks might have been saved. As it was, I Barney says, "There was no communication. Everyone was thankful to be on [something that floated." The majority of those on the raft had lifejackets. Barney, who was washed into the sea, finally managed to grab a floating lifejacket. Struggling back onto the raft, it was as much as he could do to thrust his head and an arm through the lifejacket. His fingers were too cold to tie knots to secure the lifejacket and recommends that luminous clip-together toggles would be better. [Barney stresses that: "The ship went down too quickly. Anything which would have delayed this would have helped." "The crew should have alerted and mustered the passengers earlier." "Crews should always be trained to expect the worst ... even if modifications are made to these ships." "Passengers were blocked by loose furniture." "Grabbing a lifejacket at an exit would have at least given a psychological security." Through the storm Barney could only watch as one by one the others on the died. Hanging on to whatever they could on the waterlodged raft, there was ittle chance to give mutual verbal or physical support. Barney insisted on being le last to be rescued, thinking he was the strongest. In fact his temperature was found to be 30.5°C. Another survivor, whose eyes were rolling, was found to be W.5°C. Barney describes himself as being relatively fit. Unlike many of the others on the raft, who escaped wearing only underclothes, he did at least have survival layers of clothing. Belatedly he did manage to tie himself to the raft but above all else, he had the will to live. "I just kept myself going because I wanted to live. I wasn't ready to go down and fall asleep. I knew I had to surprise. I've got too much to do with my life."
II. Vocabulary argue - (зд.) оспаривать lethal - смертельный right (v) - (зд.) выпрямлять secure (v) - (зд.) закреплять position (v) - (зд.) размещать climb (v) - подниматься (вверх), карабкаться grab (v) - хватать clamber (v) - цепляться support (n) - поддержка verbal - устная physical - физическая hypothermia - гипотермия alert - сигнал тревоги scramble - карабкаться capsizing - опрокидывание plunge - погружаться, нырять 2 cling (clung ) - цепляться luminous - светящийся
III. Word Study
1. Fill in the missing letters: eq-i-m—t; e-i-e-ce; a-g-e; 1-th-l; s-c-r-; r-s-u-; e-c-p-; d-sc-i-t-n; s-p-o-t; 1-m-n-us.
2. Match the English and Russian equivalents:
1) capsizing a) пытаться 2) scramble b) хватать 3) hypothermia c) выпрямлять 4) grab d) сигнал тревоги 5) alert e) погибать 6) to escape f) опрокидывание 7) underclothes g) карабкаться 8) to perish h) нижнее белье 9) to secure i) избежать опасности 10) to attempt j) закреплять 11) to right k) гипотермия 1) правый
3. Complete the sentences using the information from the text and translate them into Russian:
1. Over 900 people died, when the Roll-on/Roll-off ferry .... 2. Most of the 'Estonia' disaster survivors were below .... 3. Barney is critical of the crew's reactions and says that at no time did any crew member.... 4. Paul Barney was asleep in the cafeteria when the 'Estonia' started to roll 5. Some passengers lost their lives going to find lifejackets instead of.... 6. Many people jumped onto one side of the raft,.... 7.14 people clung onto the upturned raft designed for ....
4. Arrange the following words in the order showing the sequence of events in the text: heart-attack; rolling; survivors; jumped; hypothermia; crewmembers; trained; perished; rescued; secure.
Discussion
1. You have just read the article. Tell your groupmates what you think of the passengers and crewmembers behaviour. 2. Find and copy out sentences describing the safety equipment used aboard the ship. 3. Where was the safety equipment positioned? Do you think such positioning appropriate? 4. What violations of the Regulation of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea have you found? 5. What Instructions should be given both to the personnel and to the passengers? Explain your viewpoint on the training of crewmembers. ANNEX
You have read about and discussed three sea disasters that occurred in the XXth century. You've tried to examine the causes of these disasters in question, keeping it in mind that navigators should strictly comply with the safety regulations. Hopefully there'll be no more accidents. But, just in case, please get acquainted with the procedure and phrases to be used by vessel in distress (the following is an extract from the ГМО Standard Marine Communication Phrases).
Стандартное сообщение о бедствии в ГМССБ
Структура Получив подтверждение оповещения о бедствии, судно, терпящее бедствие, должно начать радиообмен при бедствии на одной из международных частот для аварийного радиообмена по телефонии (канал 16 УКВ или 2182 кГц) следующим образом:
"МЭЙДЭЙ "MAYDAY - Это (сообщается) 9-значный цифро - This is the 9-digit Maritime Mobile вой код идентификатора Морской Service Identity Code (MMSI) plus подвижной службы (код MMSI) и name/call sign or other identification название/позывной сигнал или другое of the vessel, средство идентификации судна, - местоположение судна, - the position of the vessel, - характер бедствия, - the nature of distress, - требуемая (необходимая) помощь, - the assistance required, - любая другая информация, которая - any other information which might может облегчить поиск." facilitate rescue."
Пример (MMSI и название/позывной сигнал вымышленные) "МЭЙДЭЙ "MAYDAY - ЭТО ДВА-ОДИН-ОДИН-ДВА-ТРИ- - THIS IS TWO-ONE-ONE-TWO- ДЕВЯТЬ-ШЕСТЬ-НОЛЬ ТЕПЛОХОД THREE-NINE-SIX-EIGHT-ZERO "BIRTE" ПОЗЫВНОЙ СИГНАЛ MOTOR VESSEL "BIRTE" CALL ДЕЛТА АЛФА МАЙК КИЛО SIGN DELTA ALFA MIKE KILO - МЕСТОПОЛОЖЕНИЕ ШЕСТЬ ДВА - POSITION SIX TWO ONE ONE ОДИН ОДИН ГРАДУСОВ СЕВЕРНОЙ DEGREES NORTH ZERO ZERO НОЛЬ НОЛЬ СЕМЬ ЧЕТЫРЕ SEVEN FOUR FOUR DEGREES ГРАДУСОВ ВОСТОЧНОЙ EAST - НА СУДНЕ ПОЖАР ПОСЛЕ ВЗРЫВА -1 AM ON FIRE AFTER В ТРЮМЕ EXPLOSION IN HOLD 41 ТРЕБУЕТСЯ ПОМОЩЬ В ТУШЕНИИ -1 REQUIRE FIRE FIGHTING ОГНЯ ASSISTANCE ДЫМ НЕ ТОКСИЧЕН. КОНЕЦ - SMOKE NOT TOXIC OUT" СВЯЗИ"
'вязь при бедствии (Distress communication)
Сообщения о бедствии в таких случаях, как (Distress messages)
Пожар, взрыв (Fire, explosion) На судне пожар (после взрыва), Vessel on fire (after explosion) in координаты... position... [ У меня на судне пожар, I am on fire in position ... координаты... Где пожар?. What is on fire? Пожар в машинном отделении. Engine room on fire. Пожар в трюме (трюмах). Hold(s) on fire. [Горит (палубный) груз. (Deck) cargo on fire. Пожар в надстройке. Superstructure on fire. Пожар в жилых помещениях. Accommodation on fire. [Горит опасный груз? Are dangerous goods on fire? [Да, горит нефть/... Yes, oil/ ... on fire. [Нет, опасный груз не горит. No, dangerous goods not on fire. (Есть опасность взрыва? Is danger of explosion? [Да, есть опасность взрыва. Yes, danger of explosion. [Нет, опасности взрыва нет. No, no danger of explosion. (Какие повреждения? What is damage? 1ет повреждений. No damage. 1ет электропитания, No power supply. лишен возможности I am not under command. )авляться. iero течь, I am making water. тону. I am sinking. 1ожар под контролем? Is fire under control? (а, пожар под контролем. Yes, fire under control. 1ет, пожар вышел из-под конт- No, fire not under control (fire (распространяется). spreading). можете справиться с пожаром? Can you get fire under control? я могу справиться с пожаром, Yes, I can get fire under control. г, я не могу справиться с No, I cannot get fire under control. >жаром. токсичен? Is smoke toxic? дым токсичен. Yes, smoke toxic. Нет, дым не токсичен. No smoke not toxic. Какая помощь вам требуется? What kind of assistance do you require? Мне требуются пенные огне тушители. I require foam extinguishers. Мне требуются углекислотные 2 огнетушители. I require CO extinguishers. Мне требуются пожарные насосы. I require fire pumps. Мне требуется помощь в пожа ротушении I require fire fighting assistance. Мне требуется... Мне помощь не требуется. I require... Сообщите о пострадавших. I do not require assistance. Пострадавших нет. Report injured persons. Количество пострадавших/ No persons injured. количество несчастных случаев... Number of injured persons/casualties: Мне требуется медицинская I require medical assistance. помощь.
Затопление (Flooding) Имею течь ниже ватерлинии. I have leak below water line. Имею поступление воды. I am making water. Вы можете устранить протечку? Can you stop leak? Да, я могу устранить протечку. Yes, I can stop leak. Нет, я не могу устранить протечку. No, I cannot stop leak. Вы можете справиться с затопле Can you control flooding? нием? Да, я могу справиться с затопле Yes, I can control flooding. нием. Нет, я не могу справиться с No, I can control flooding. затоплением. Какая помощь Вам требуется? What kind of assistance do you require? Мне требуются насосы. I require pumps. Мне требуются водолазы. I require divers. Мне требуется... I require... Я вышлю насосы. I will send pumps. Я направляю водолазов. I will send divers. Я вышлю ... I will send... Я не могу выслать ... I cannot send... Имею опасный крен. I have dangerous list. Нахожусь в критическом состоянии. I am in critical condition. Сколько отсеков затоплено? How many compartments are flooded? 43 Затоплено... отсеков. ... compartments flooded. Затопление под контролем. Flooding under control. Вы можете следовать без Can you proceed without assistance? посторонней помощи? Да, я могу следовать без Yes, I can proceed without assistance. >ронней помощи, я не могу следовать без No, I cannot proceed without горонней помощи. assistance. ie требуется сопровождение. I require escort.
[Столкновение (Collision) Я столкнулся с теплоходом ... I have collided M/V... Я столкнулся с неизвестным I have collided with unknown I судном/объектом. vessel/object... [Я столкнулся с плавучим маяком I have collided with... (name) (название) lightvessel. Я столкнулся с морским знаком I have collided with seamark (charted (нанесенное на карту название) name). столкнулся с айсбергом, I have collided with iceberg. столкнулся с... I have collided with... Какие повреждения? What is damage? Имею небольшие/серьезные I have minor/major damage повреждения выше/ниже ватерлинии. above/below waterline. Поврежден гребной винт/руль, Propeller/rudder damaged. могу следовать только с малой I can only proceed at slow speed. оростыо. не могу управляться. I am not under command. !ы можете исправить повреждение? Can you repair damage? я могу исправить повреждение Yes, I can repair damage. ет, я не могу исправить повре- No, I cannot repair damage. ;ение. ая помощь вам требуется? What kind of assistance do you require? ie требуется сопровождение, I require escort. ie требуются буксиры, I require tugs. ie требуется... I require...
щка на мель (Grounding) на мели? Are you aground? я на мели в точке ... Yes, aground in position ... я сел на скалистый грунт, Yes, aground on rocky bottom. я сел на мягкий грунт, Yes, aground on soft bottom. [сел на мель в координатах.... I went aground in position ... Require обуется помощь. assistance. Я сел на мель в полную воду. I went aground at high water. Я сел на мель в полуприлив. I went aground at half water. Я сел на мель в малую воду. I went aground at low water. Какой частью сели на мель? What part is aground? Сел на мель носом. Aground foreward. Сел на мель средней частью. Aground amidships. Сел на мель кормой. Aground aft. Сел на мель всей длиной. Aground full length. Какая помощь Вам требуется? What kind of assistance do you require? Требуются насосы. I require pumps. Требуется сопровождение. I require escort. Требуются буксиры. I require tugs. Требуется... I require.... Помощь не требуется. I do not require assistance. Не нанесенные на карту скалы Uncharted rocks in position ... находятся в координатах... Опасность посадки на мель в Risk of grounding at low water. малую воду. Вы можете сбросить груз с носа/ Can you jettison cargo forward/aft to кормы, чтобы сняться с мели? refloat?
Да, я могу сбросить груз с носа/ Yes, I can jettison cargo кормы. forward/aft. Нет, я не могу сбросить груз. No, I cannot jettison cargo. Внимание! Не сбрасывайте груз Attention! Do not jettison DvlO-class класса ИМО. cargo. Когда вы предполагаете сняться с When do you expect to refloat? мели? Предполагаю сняться с мели в ... I expect to refloat at... Предполагаю сняться с мели с I expect to refloat when tide rises. наступлением прилива. Предполагаю сняться с мели с I expect to refloat when weather улучшением погодных условий. improves. Предполагаю сняться с мели, I expect to refloat when draft когда уменьшится осадка. decreases. Предполагаю сняться с мели с помощью буксира. I expect to refloat with tug assistance. Вы можете выброситься на берег? Да, я могу выброситься на берег, Can you beach? в точке ... Нет, я не могу выброситься на Yes, I can/will beach in position ... берег. No, I cannot beach. Крен, опасность опрокидывания (List, danger of capsizing) У меня большой крен на левый/ I have heavy list to port side/starboard правый борт. side. У меня большой крен вследствие I have heavy list due to flooding. затопления. У меня большой крен вследствие I have heavy list due to shifting cargo. смещения груза. Крен увеличивается. List increasing. Крен уменьшается. List decreasing. Мне грозит опасность опрокиды I am in danger of capsizing. вания. Вы можете произвести перемеще- Can you transfer cargo/bunkers to ние груза/бункера, чтобы остановить stop listing? крен? Да, я могу произвести переме Yes, I can transfer cargo/bunkers. щение груза/бункера. Нет, я не могу произвести пере No, I cannot transfer cargo/bunkers. мещение груза/бункера. Я произвел перемещение груза/ I have transferred cargo/bunkers to бункера, чтобы остановить крен. stop listing. Накренение остановлено после Listing stopped after transferring. перемещения. Накренение не было остановлено Listing didn't stop after transferring. после перемещения груза. Вы можете сбросить груз, чтобы Can you jettison cargo to stop listing? остановить накренение? Да, я могу сбросить груз. Yes, I can jettison cargo. Нет, я не могу сбросить груз. No, I cannot jettison cargo. Я сбросил груз, чтобы остановить I have jettisoned cargo to stop listing. накренение. Накренение остановлено после того, Listing stopped after jettisoning, как был сброшен груз. ; Накренение не было остановлено Listing didn't stop after jettisoning. после того, как был сброшен груз. Вы можете выброситься на берег? Can you beach? Да, я могу выброситься на берег. Yes, I can/will beach in position ... Нет, я не могу выброситься на No, I cannot beach. берег.
Гибель судна (затопление) (Sinking) Я тону в точке ... после столкнове- I am sinking in position after ния collision. Я тону после посадки на мель. I am sinking after grounding. Я тону после затопления. I am sinking after flooding. ~T\J
Я тону после взрыва. I am sinking after explosion. Я тону после... I am sinking after ... Мне требуется помощь. I require assistance. Я следую к Вам на помощь. I proceed to your assistance. Я предполагаю подойти к Вам в I expect to reach you within ... течение ... часов/в ... UTC. hours/at... UTC.
Судно без движения и в дрейфе (Disabled and adrift) Я лишен возможности управляться I am not under command in position в точке... Я дрейфую в точке ... I am adrift near position ... Я дрейфую со скоростью ... узлов I am drifting at... knots to ... на... градусов. Какая помощь Вам требуется? What kind of assistance do you require? Мне требуется помощь буксира. I require tug assistance. Мне требуется... I require...
Вооруженные нападения/пиратство (Armed attack/piracy) Подвергаюсь пиратскому I am under attack of pirates. нападению. T/x... подвергается пиратскому M/V ... under attack of pirates. нападению. Требуется помощь. I require assistance. Т/х... требуется помощь. M/V... requires assistance. Я подвергся пиратскому нападению. I was under attack of pirates. T/x... подвергся пиратскому M/V ... was under attack of pirates. нападению. Какая помощь Вам требуется? What kind of assistance do you require? Требуется медицинская помощь. I require medical assistance. Мне требуется помощь в судо I require navigational assistance. вождении. Мне требуется помощь буксира. I require tug assistance. Мне требуется военная помощь. I require military assistance. Мне требуется сопровождение. I require escort. Мне требуется... I require... Какие повреждения? What is damage? У меня нет повреждений. I have no damage. У меня серьезные/небольшие I have major/minor damage to повреждения навигационных при navigational instruments. боров. Я лишен возможности I am not under command. управляться. !ы можете следовать по Can you proceed? азначению? [а, я могу/буду следовать по Yes, I can/will proceed. азначению. [ет, я не могу/не буду следовать No, I cannot/will not proceed. о назначению.
[рочие бедствия (Undesignated distress) ' меня проблемы, I have problems. акие у Вас проблемы? What problems have you? ' меня проблемы с грузом. I have problems with cargo. ' меня проблемы с механизмами I have problems with machinery. меня проблемы с судо- I have problems with navigation. эждением. ' меня проблемы в связи с I have problems with mass disease. ассовым заболеванием, меня проблемы с... I have problems with ... акая помощь Вам требуется? What kind of assistance do you require? [не требуется... I require....
Оставление судна (Abandoning vessel) должен оставить судно после I must abandon vessel after collision in голкновения в точке... position... должен оставить судно после I must abandon vessel after grounding х>адки на мель в точке ... in position... должен оставить судно после I must abandon vessel after flooding in ггопления в точке... position... должен оставить судно после I must abandon vessel after explosion ;рывав точке... in position... должен оставить судно после I must abandon vessel after piracy in фатского нападения в точке ... position... должен оставить судно после .. I must abandon vessel after... in точке... position...