DOCSLIB.ORG

01 Nation-Buildingandinstitutions.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

TOWARDS A BASQUE STATE nation-building and institutions Ipar Hegoa Foundation / Basque Summer UniversityUniversityUniversity 2 Author: Ipar Hegoa Foundation With the assistance of the: Basque Summer University ISBN: 978-84-8438-421-9 Legal deposit: BI-1289-2012 Original title: Euskal Estatuari bidea zabaltzen: herrigintza eta erakundeak. Cover design: Ipar Hegoa Fundazioa Translator: Alan R. King Distributed by: Ipar Hegoa Fundazioa Rekalde Zumarkalea, 62 BILBO. Phone: 944706915 E-mail: [email protected] Udako Euskal Unibertsitatea (Basque Summer University). Erribera 14, 1. D, BILBO. Phone: 946790546 Fax: 944793039 E-mail: [email protected] / www.ueu.org By the present licence you may copy, distribute and display the content or produce derivative works provided the following conditions are met: – You must cite the author of the original content. – If you modify the content, or create a derivative work and distribute it, you must do so under the same conditions as in the present licence. – You may not use this work for any commercial purpose. 3 ContentsContentsContents FOREWORD Ipar Hegoa Fundazioa ......................................................................................................................................... 4 The Basque SState:tate: nationnation----buildingbuilding and institutions INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION.. STATEHOOD TODAYTODAY,,,, Mario Zubiaga Garate ......................................................................................................................................... 8 1. A EUROPEAN STATE IN THE BASQUEBASQUELANDLANDLANDLAND:: ON CONDITIONS FOR A NATION TO BECOME STATE Unai Apaolaza Amenabar, Imanol Galfarsoro Madariaga, Andoni Olariaga Azkarate ........................................................................................................................12 2. THE BASQUE STATE THROUGHOUT HISTORY: NAVARRE AS THE CENTRE POINT OF THE BASQUE NATIONAL MEMORYMEMORY,,,, Luis Mª Martínez Garate, Angel Rekalde Goikoetxea ...............................................................25 3. LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF A BASQUE STATE: SECESSION AND LEGALLEGAL----POLITICALPOLITICAL CONSOLIDATIONCONSOLIDATION,,,, Iñigo Urrutia Libarona, Jon Iñarritu Garcia, Zelai Nikolas Ezkurdia ...................................45 4. THE BASQUE STATE AS AN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT TOOL: DIVERSITY, DEMOCRACY AND SOCIAL JUSTICEJUSTICE,,,, Asier Blas Mendoza .....................................................................................................................................73 5. DEMOCRATIZATION AND CONTENTIOUS POLITICS: BASQUE STATESTATE----BUILDINGBUILDING AS COLLECTIVE ACTION Mario Zubiaga Garate ............................................................................................................................... 94 4 FOREWORD Ipar Hegoa Fundazioa One of the goals of the IPAR HEGOA Foundation is to carry out studies and analyses of political and social issues of interest for the Basque Country and to encourage discussion of such subjects. Therefore, at the present time when there is much debate about the viability of Euskal Herria, IPAR HEGOA Fundazioa wishes to contribute to the discussion by offering these documents. Some will argue that Euskal Herria is a tiny country, that fragmentation makes no sense in the present era of globalisation, that what is needed now is for all of us to work together and achieve a mutual understanding, that demands for independence lead to discrimination among the members of a community, and so on, and so forth. Many factors and countless arguments are cited as reasons today for not creating new states; some of them are coherent arguments that make a certain amount of sense. And yet, be that as it may, thousands upon thousands of Basque citizens are still insisting that they want a state of their own. What of their arguments? Are these not also coherent, equally important arguments? Whether we like it or not, the fact is that in the world today the state continues to be the chief expression of comprehensive political decision-making power. Therefore, in the contemporary Basque Country, in the current political state of affairs, we believe it is both interesting and necessary to undertake a collective exercise of thinking through the benefits, options, risks and dangers that the construction of a Basque state in Europe would entail, on many levels, including the political, institutional, territorial, socio-economic, linguistic, cultural, and in terms of identity. The IPAR HEGOA Foundation proposes to take a long look at all the circumstances and ask how feasible a Basque state is. Thus we have brought together on these pages the opinions of numerous academics and researchers who are familiar with this range of subjects. We are well aware that there are many other specialists, besides these, who have often made extremely interesting contributions to the field. IPAR HEGOA Fundazioa has not set itself the task of bringing together contributions from every single such expert, or to present in equal measure current opinions in every discipline, or to represent every single region of our country to the same degree. Instead, priority has been given to achieving a coherent picture subscribed to by a respectable number of experts, even at the risk of leaving some geographical areas, universities or perspectives out of the picture. But this does not mean we have striven to produce a single, monolithic viewpoint: that was not our purpose. Each author was free to give their own opinion, provided only that they focus on the overall idea of the necessity and viability of a Basque state; beyond that, it is recognised that there is room for a variety of points of view. After all, the aim of the present study was not to create a constitution for the Basque state, nor to lay down rules for what a Basque state ought to be like. Ours is a less ambitious objective, yet quite a crucial one all the same. The question we wish to answer is this: Is a Basque state viable or not? Would it or would it not be worth the effort to create a Basque state? Would Basques be willing to embark on such a project? In the event that these questions find an answer and if that answer is in the affirmative, then, and only then, would it be time for us to turn to the next set of questions, questions about the direction and purpose of such a Basque state. The IPAR HEGOA Foundation believes that the present study addresses this matter of great interest, and that it is able to play a useful part in bringing Euskal Herria into focus in the present international situation, by gathering together a range of views now current in a 5 variety of disciplines; it may also help to establish the absolute and relative place of Euskal Herria within the domain of present-day states. We believe the interesting theoretical contributions set down on these pages will contribute to endowing the demand for a Basque state with substance, while also proving useful in order to lay a sound material and ideological foundation such as is necessary in order to give form to that endeavour. IPAR HEGOA holds that this is the best option for everybody who lives and works in Euskal Herria and defends the premise that at this time the Basque Country possesses the basic potentialities needed to build a state that can take its place among the states of Europe. Thus the IPAR HEGOA Fundazioa offers, in Towards a Basque StateState, a qualified contribution concerning the need for and feasibility of a newly created Basque state. The study consists of three parts covering different subject areas: NationNationNation-Nation---buildingbuilding and Institutions, Citizenship and Culture and Territory and SocioeconomicsSocioeconomics.... The present volume is concerned with the first of these areas, NationNationNation-Nation---buildingbuilding and InstitutionsInstitutionsInstitutions.Institutions In the words of the editor, MarioMarioMario Zubiaga Zubiaga, this section is an attempt to address the why and how of independence. No one would say that independence is a bad thing; what is at issue is for whom it is good or bad. The present volume proposes a clear answer to that question: Euskal Herria, and Basques of all ideological persuasions, only stand to benefit from the existence of an independent Euskal Herria. The only thing we have gained from being in Spain and France is the loss of our freedom. As the book’s authors argue, inasmuch as a Basque state is an expression of freedom, it may be a desirable, legitimate and feasible goal. The central thread running through this book is the analysis of the kind of social and political mobilisation that is necessary for the achievement of a Basque state. The present section on its legal and political aspects focuses on the nature of independence while emphasising the importance of that task. The question to be answered is how to achieve legitimately that which is needed: what is the foundation and essence of the demand for independence? What pro-independence discourse and action can be developed to support attainment of a Basque state? What legal arguments and approaches will prevail? How can the Basque independence movement deal with new territorial trends resulting from globalisation? And speaking of that, does the state make any sense in the new situation today? IPAR HEGOA hopes that this study will serve as a fruitful starting point for further studies on how to approach the building of the Basque state. We are extremely grateful for the interest and
Recommended publications
  • Claiming Independence in 140 Characters. Uses of Metaphor in the Construction of Scottish and Catalan Political Discourses on Twitter

    Claiming Independence in 140 Characters. Uses of Metaphor in the Construction of Scottish and Catalan Political Discourses on Twitter

    CLAIMING INDEPENDENCE IN 140 CHARACTERS. USES OF METAPHOR IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCOTTISH AND CATALAN POLITICAL DISCOURSES ON TWITTER Carlota Maria Moragas Fernández ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora.
  • Connections Between Sámi and Basque Peoples

    Connections Between Sámi and Basque Peoples

    Connections between Sámi and Basque Peoples Kent Randell 2012 Siidastallan Outside of Minneapolis, Minneapolis Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota “D----- it Jim, I’m a librarian and an armchair anthropologist??” Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Connections between Sámi and Basque Peoples Hard evidence: - mtDNA - Uniqueness of language Other things may be surprising…. or not. It is fun to imagine other connections, understanding it is not scientific Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Documentary: Suddenly Sámi by Norway’s Ellen-Astri Lundby She receives her mtDNA test, and express surprise when her results state that she is connected to Spain. This also surprised me, and spurned my interest….. Then I ended up living in Boise, Idaho, the city with the largest concentration of Basque outside of Basque Country Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota What is mtDNA genealogy? The DNA of the Mitochondria in your cells. Cell energy, cell growth, cell signaling, etc. mtDNA – At Conception • The Egg cell Mitochondria’s DNA remains the same after conception. • Male does not contribute to the mtDNA • Therefore Mitochondrial mtDNA is the same as one’s mother. Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Four generation mtDNA line Sisters – Mother – Maternal Grandmother – Great-grandmother Jennie Mary Karjalainen b. Kent21 Randell March (c) 2012 1886, --- 2012 Siidastallan,parents from Kuusamo, Finland Linwood Township, Minnesota Isaac Abramson and Jennie Karjalainen wedding picture Isaac is from Northern Norway, Kvaen father and Saami mother from Haetta Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, village.
  • Late-Medieval France

    Late-Medieval France

    Late-Medieval France: A Nation under Construction A study of French national identity formation and the emerging of national consciousness, before and during the Hundred Years War, 1200-1453 Job van den Broek MA History of Politics and Society Dr. Christian Wicke Utrecht University 22 June 2020 Word count: 13.738 2 “Ah! Doulce France! Amie, je te lairay briefment”1 -Attributed to Bertrand du Guesclin, 1380 Images on front page: The kings of France, England, Navarre and the duke of Burgundy (as Count of Charolais), as depicted in the Grand Armorial Équestre de la Toison d’Or, 1435- 1438. 1 Cuvelier in Charrière, volume 2, pp 320. ”Ah, sweet France, my friend, I must leave you very soon.” Translation my own. 2 3 Abstract Whether nations and nationalism are ancient or more recent phenomena is one of the core debates of nationalism studies. Since the 1980’s, modernism, claiming that nations are distinctively modern, has been the dominant view. In this thesis, I challenge this dominant view by doing an extensive case-study into late-medieval France, applying modernist definitions and approaches to a pre-modern era. France has by many regarded as one of the ‘founding fathers’ of the club of nations and has a long and rich history and thus makes a case-study for such an endeavour. I start with mapping the field of French identity formation in the thirteenth century, which mostly revolved around the royal court in Paris. With that established, I move on to the Hundred Years War and the consequences of this war for French identity.
  • MODERN SOCIETIES and NATIONAL IDENTITIES Legal Praxis and the Basque-Spanish Conflict

    MODERN SOCIETIES and NATIONAL IDENTITIES Legal Praxis and the Basque-Spanish Conflict

    MODERN SOCIETIES AND NATIONAL IDENTITIES Legal Praxis and the Basque-Spanish Conflict Unai Urrastabaso Ruiz IDENTITIES AND MODERNITIES IN EUROPE Identities and Modernities in Europe Series Editor Atsuko Ichijo Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Kingston University United Kingdom The Identities and Modernities in Europe series covers one of the central issues of the social sciences: that of modernity. Arising from a European Commission funded FP7 project, ‘Identities and Modernities in Europe’, the series brings together the latest research findings and provides a broader sociological, historical and anthropological analysis of various dimensions of identity in contemporary European societies. By way of a comparative study of processes of Europeanisation, the series contributes to sociological understandings of migration, secularization and education. It also examines the dynamics between Europeanisation, nationalisation and globalisation. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14860 Unai Urrastabaso Ruiz Modern Societies and National Identities Legal Praxis and the Basque-Spanish Conflict Unai Urrastabaso Ruiz Pamplona-N, Spain Identities and Modernities in Europe ISBN 978-3-319-60076-5 ISBN 978-3-319-60077-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-60077-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017948018 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
  • The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre Their History and Their Traditions

    The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre Their History and Their Traditions

    Center for Basque Studies Basque Classics Series, No. 6 The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre Their History and Their Traditions by Philippe Veyrin Translated by Andrew Brown Center for Basque Studies University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada This book was published with generous financial support obtained by the Association of Friends of the Center for Basque Studies from the Provincial Government of Bizkaia. Basque Classics Series, No. 6 Series Editors: William A. Douglass, Gregorio Monreal, and Pello Salaburu Center for Basque Studies University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada 89557 http://basque.unr.edu Copyright © 2011 by the Center for Basque Studies All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Cover and series design © 2011 by Jose Luis Agote Cover illustration: Xiberoko maskaradak (Maskaradak of Zuberoa), drawing by Paul-Adolph Kaufman, 1906 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Veyrin, Philippe, 1900-1962. [Basques de Labourd, de Soule et de Basse Navarre. English] The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre : their history and their traditions / by Philippe Veyrin ; with an introduction by Sandra Ott ; translated by Andrew Brown. p. cm. Translation of: Les Basques, de Labourd, de Soule et de Basse Navarre Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: “Classic book on the Basques of Iparralde (French Basque Country) originally published in 1942, treating Basque history and culture in the region”--Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-877802-99-7 (hardcover) 1. Pays Basque (France)--Description and travel. 2. Pays Basque (France)-- History. I. Title. DC611.B313V513 2011 944’.716--dc22 2011001810 Contents List of Illustrations..................................................... vii Note on Basque Orthography.........................................
  • 02 Chapter 1 Stoessel

    02 Chapter 1 Stoessel

    Prologue La harpe de melodie faite saunz mirancholie par plaisir doit bien cescun resjorr pour l'armonie orr, sonner et vei'r. J With the prior verses begins one of the most fascinating musical works in the ars subtilior style, composed by the master musician Jacob de Senleches. This composer, as his name suggests, was a native of northern France whose scant biographical details indicate he was a valued musician at courts in the south at Castile, Navarre and possibly Avignon.2 La harpe de melodie typifies several aspects of the present study. Firstly, its presence in a n1anuscripe copied in the city of Pavia in Lombardy indicates the cultivation of ostensibly French music in the ars subtilior style in northern Italy. Secondly, its musical notation contains novel, experimental notational devices and note shapes that parallel intellectual developments in other fields of culture in this period. I "The melodious harp made without melancholy to please, well may each person rejoice to hear, sing and hear its harmony." (All translations are mine, unless otherwise specified.) 2 The conclusion that Jacob de Senleches was a native of northern France is made on the premise that Senleches is the near-homophone of Senlecques, a village just south of Calais in the County of Artois. The only surviving archival evidence concerning Jacob de Senleches consists of a dispensation made at the Court of Navarre by Charles II of Navarre on 21 sl August, 1383 which speCifies: ... 100 libras a Jacomill de Sen/aches, juglar de harpe, para regresar a donde se encontraba el cardenal de Aragon, su maestro (" 100 libras for Jacob de Senleches, player of the harp, to return to where he was to meet the Cardinal of Aragon, his master."), Jlid.
  • Gernikako Arbola, Un Himno Huérfano Gernikako Arbola, an Orphaned

    Gernikako Arbola, Un Himno Huérfano Gernikako Arbola, an Orphaned

    Historia Contemporánea 54: 207-241 ISSN: 1130-2402 — e-ISSN: 2340-0277 DOI: 10.1387/hc.17583 GERNIKAKO ARBOLA, UN HIMNO HUÉRFANO GERNIKAKO ARBOLA, AN ORPHANED ANTHEM Xabier Zabaltza Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (España) ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-8743-3084 Recibido el 13-11-2015 y aceptado el 5-10-2016 Resumen: La primera interpretación documentada del Gernikako Arbola tuvo lugar en Madrid en 1853. Considerado ya en vida de su autor como himno nacional vasco, no es, en cambio, un himno nacionalista. Es un canto a la soli- daridad de Álava, Guipúzcoa, Navarra y Vizcaya, pero sin cuestionar la unidad de España. Ha contado con una difusión extraordinaria también en las provin- cias vasco-francesas de Baja Navarra, Labort y Sola, así como en las colectivi- dades vascas del exterior. Por razones opuestas, ha sido rechazado por sectores del navarrismo y del nacionalismo vasco. El universalismo y el pacifismo que rezuma el Gernikako Arbola lo diferencian de otros himnos patrióticos. Palabras clave: José María Iparraguirre (1820-1881). Gernika. Fuerismo. Nacionalismo vasco. Navarrismo. Abstract: The first documented performance of Gernikako Arbola took place in Madrid in 1853. Considered in the lifetime of its author a national an- them, it is not, however, a nationalist anthem. It is a hymn to the solidarity of Alava, Biscay, Guipuzcoa and Upper Navarre, but without questioning the unity of Spain. It has also been extraordinarily popular in the French Basque prov- inces of Labourd, Lower Navarre and Soule, as well as in the Basque communi- ties abroad. For opposite reasons, it has been rejected by sectors of Navarresism and Basque nationalism.
  • Comparing the Basque Diaspora

    Comparing the Basque Diaspora

    COMPARING THE BASQUE DIASPORA: Ethnonationalism, transnationalism and identity maintenance in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Peru, the United States of America, and Uruguay by Gloria Pilar Totoricagiiena Thesis submitted in partial requirement for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The London School of Economics and Political Science University of London 2000 1 UMI Number: U145019 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U145019 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Theses, F 7877 7S/^S| Acknowledgments I would like to gratefully acknowledge the supervision of Professor Brendan O’Leary, whose expertise in ethnonationalism attracted me to the LSE and whose careful comments guided me through the writing of this thesis; advising by Dr. Erik Ringmar at the LSE, and my indebtedness to mentor, Professor Gregory A. Raymond, specialist in international relations and conflict resolution at Boise State University, and his nearly twenty years of inspiration and faith in my academic abilities. Fellowships from the American Association of University Women, Euskal Fundazioa, and Eusko Jaurlaritza contributed to the financial requirements of this international travel.
  • This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G

    This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G

    This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Legal Histories & Modern Identities The Emergence of Nationalisms in the Historical Territories of the Kingdom of Navarre, Basque Provinces and State of Spain Unai Urrastabaso Ruiz Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Edinburgh 2015 ii Declaration This is certify that the work contained within has been composed by me and is entirely my own work. No part of this thesis has been submitted for any other degree or qualification. Name: Date: Unai Urrastabaso Ruiz iii iv Abstract This thesis proposes a legal and organizational approach to better understand processes of modernisation and the emergence of nationalist conflict. Theories of nationalism tend to be significantly influenced by state-centred and rather abstract positivist interpretations of law. Legal perspectives that have proposed understating law in relation to findings developed through the empirical study of law, such as legal realism or legal pluralism, have questioned positivist conceptions of law, emphasising the historical processes that created such conceptions of law, and the relationship between legal praxis and conceptions of society.
  • Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 46100 I I

    Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 46100 I I

    INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again - beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation.
  • Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P

    Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P

    Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P Namur** . NOP-1 Pegonitissa . NOP-203 Namur** . NOP-6 Pelaez** . NOP-205 Nantes** . NOP-10 Pembridge . NOP-208 Naples** . NOP-13 Peninton . NOP-210 Naples*** . NOP-16 Penthievre**. NOP-212 Narbonne** . NOP-27 Peplesham . NOP-217 Navarre*** . NOP-30 Perche** . NOP-220 Navarre*** . NOP-40 Percy** . NOP-224 Neuchatel** . NOP-51 Percy** . NOP-236 Neufmarche** . NOP-55 Periton . NOP-244 Nevers**. NOP-66 Pershale . NOP-246 Nevil . NOP-68 Pettendorf* . NOP-248 Neville** . NOP-70 Peverel . NOP-251 Neville** . NOP-78 Peverel . NOP-253 Noel* . NOP-84 Peverel . NOP-255 Nordmark . NOP-89 Pichard . NOP-257 Normandy** . NOP-92 Picot . NOP-259 Northeim**. NOP-96 Picquigny . NOP-261 Northumberland/Northumbria** . NOP-100 Pierrepont . NOP-263 Norton . NOP-103 Pigot . NOP-266 Norwood** . NOP-105 Plaiz . NOP-268 Nottingham . NOP-112 Plantagenet*** . NOP-270 Noyers** . NOP-114 Plantagenet** . NOP-288 Nullenburg . NOP-117 Plessis . NOP-295 Nunwicke . NOP-119 Poland*** . NOP-297 Olafsdotter*** . NOP-121 Pole*** . NOP-356 Olofsdottir*** . NOP-142 Pollington . NOP-360 O’Neill*** . NOP-148 Polotsk** . NOP-363 Orleans*** . NOP-153 Ponthieu . NOP-366 Orreby . NOP-157 Porhoet** . NOP-368 Osborn . NOP-160 Port . NOP-372 Ostmark** . NOP-163 Port* . NOP-374 O’Toole*** . NOP-166 Portugal*** . NOP-376 Ovequiz . NOP-173 Poynings . NOP-387 Oviedo* . NOP-175 Prendergast** . NOP-390 Oxton . NOP-178 Prescott . NOP-394 Pamplona . NOP-180 Preuilly . NOP-396 Pantolph . NOP-183 Provence*** . NOP-398 Paris*** . NOP-185 Provence** . NOP-400 Paris** . NOP-187 Provence** . NOP-406 Pateshull . NOP-189 Purefoy/Purifoy . NOP-410 Paunton . NOP-191 Pusterthal .
  • Tom Watson's Article

    Tom Watson's Article

    Joanna of Navarre, the “invisible” Queen of England by Natalia Rodríguez-Salcedo and Tom Watson Above the Cathedral’s north aisle and close to the crossing, is the window celebrating the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in 1936. Look higher up the window and you will see two other figures. (Fig 1) On the left is Henry IV and to the right is his second wife and queen-consort, Joan of Navarre, whom he married in 1403 at the Cathedral. The historical novelist Anne O’Brien recently called Joan (or Joanna) of Navarre (Juana de Navarra) a queen who was “more invisible than most” [1], but Joan was not only long-lived but a highly successful consort in two realms and once a regent. Fig 1 Images of Henry IV and Joan of Navarre in the Coronation Window designed by Hugh Easton Photos: Simon Newman Joan was probably born at Evreux in northern France on 10 July 1370, and died on 9 July 1437 at Havering-atte-Bower, Essex. [2] She was Duchess consort of Brittany and Queen consort of England. Joan was the regent of Brittany from 1399 until 1403 during the minority of her son John. 1 A member of the Evreux family, she was a daughter of King Charles II of Navarre (later called Charles the Bad) and Joan of Valois, daughter of Jean II of France. Aged sixteen she first married the nearly thirty-years-older Duke John IV of Brittany (Jean de Montfort), who had two English wives before her, at Saillé-près- Guérande on 2 September 1386.