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Haitian Revolution Strategy
How to Win a War Without Even Shooting: Haitian Revolution Strategy Lynn Gourinski Fahr Overbrook High School Overview Rationale Objectives Strategies Classroom Activities Annotated Biographies/Works Cited/Resources Appendix/Content Standards Overview: The Haitian Revolution largely impacted world history albeit a small country. The war and the success of the enslaved peoples became the forerunner to modern anti- colonialism movements in the Third World and caused the world to pause and think. During the time of the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804), slaves outnumbered white slave owner’s 10:1.(Garrigus, 2006). The western Caribbean was alive with conquests and movement both socially and politically. It was also caught in a whirlwind of disease being brought from place to place-on ships and brought inland through the purchases of goods and slaves. Yellow Fever and Cholera wiped out thousands of persons in the Caribbean islands, many in just a few hours. But why was Haiti not as hard hit by cholera as other nations in the Caribbean. Why did Yellow Fever play such a pivotal role in the successful uprising of slaves? Many diseases might be prevented through good hygiene and development, while others were common to native peoples but wreaked havoc on troops employed to put down revolutions. Such was the case in Haiti, where of the 162,000 troops, up to 40,000 sent by Napoleon, were killed in attempts to reconquer the slaves and restore order in Haiti as Yellow Fever reared it's ugly head to kill many foreign invaders. (Peterson, 1995) Rationale: This curriculum can be taught in history classes for grades 7-12 in conjunction with a health class currently studying a universal hygiene unit. -
Communicable Disease Toolkit Liberia
WHO/CDS/2004.24 COMMUNICABLE DISEASE TOOLKIT LIBERIA 1. COMMUNICABLE DISEASE PROFILE World Health Organization 2004 Communicable Disease Working Group on Emergencies, WHO/HQ The WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) WHO Office, Liberia © World Health Organization 2004 All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. Further information is available at: CDS Information Resource Centre, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland; fax: (+41) 22 791 4285, e-mail: [email protected] Communicable Disease Toolkit for LIBERIA 2004: Communicable Disease Profile. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Edited by Dr Michelle Gayer, Dr Katja Schemionek, Dr Monica Guardo, and Dr Máire Connolly of the Programme on Communicable Diseases in Complex Emergencies, WHO/CDS. This Profile is a collaboration between the Communicable Disease Working Group on Emergencies (CD-WGE) at WHO/HQ, the Division of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control (DCD) at WHO/AFRO and the Office of the WHO Representative for Liberia. -
Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook
USAMRIID’s MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CASUALTIES HANDBOOK Sixth Edition April 2005 U.S. ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK FREDERICK, MARYLAND Emergency Response Numbers National Response Center: 1-800-424-8802 or (for chem/bio hazards & terrorist events) 1-202-267-2675 National Domestic Preparedness Office: 1-202-324-9025 (for civilian use) Domestic Preparedness Chem/Bio Helpline: 1-410-436-4484 or (Edgewood Ops Center – for military use) DSN 584-4484 USAMRIID’s Emergency Response Line: 1-888-872-7443 CDC'S Emergency Response Line: 1-770-488-7100 Handbook Download Site An Adobe Acrobat Reader (pdf file) version of this handbook can be downloaded from the internet at the following url: http://www.usamriid.army.mil USAMRIID’s MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CASUALTIES HANDBOOK Sixth Edition April 2005 Lead Editor Lt Col Jon B. Woods, MC, USAF Contributing Editors CAPT Robert G. Darling, MC, USN LTC Zygmunt F. Dembek, MS, USAR Lt Col Bridget K. Carr, MSC, USAF COL Ted J. Cieslak, MC, USA LCDR James V. Lawler, MC, USN MAJ Anthony C. Littrell, MC, USA LTC Mark G. Kortepeter, MC, USA LTC Nelson W. Rebert, MS, USA LTC Scott A. Stanek, MC, USA COL James W. Martin, MC, USA Comments and suggestions are appreciated and should be addressed to: Operational Medicine Department Attn: MCMR-UIM-O U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5011 PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION The Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook, which has become affectionately known as the "Blue Book," has been enormously successful - far beyond our expectations. -
Dengue and Yellow Fever
GBL42 11/27/03 4:02 PM Page 262 CHAPTER 42 Dengue and Yellow Fever Dengue, 262 Yellow fever, 265 Further reading, 266 While the most important viral haemorrhagic tor (Aedes aegypti) as well as reinfestation of this fevers numerically (dengue and yellow fever) are insect into Central and South America (it was transmitted exclusively by arthropods, other largely eradicated in the 1960s). Other factors arboviral haemorrhagic fevers (Crimean– include intercontinental transport of car tyres Congo and Rift Valley fevers) can also be trans- containing Aedes albopictus eggs, overcrowding mitted directly by body fluids. A third group of of refugee and urban populations and increasing haemorrhagic fever viruses (Lassa, Ebola, Mar- human travel. In hyperendemic areas of Asia, burg) are only transmitted directly, and are not disease is seen mainly in children. transmitted by arthropods at all. The directly Aedes mosquitoes are ‘peri-domestic’: they transmissible viral haemorrhagic fevers are dis- breed in collections of fresh water around the cussed in Chapter 41. house (e.g. water storage jars).They feed on hu- mans (anthrophilic), mainly by day, and feed re- peatedly on different hosts (enhancing their role Dengue as vectors). Dengue virus is numerically the most important Clinical features arbovirus infecting humans, with an estimated Dengue virus may cause a non-specific febrile 100 million cases per year and 2.5 billion people illness or asymptomatic infection, especially in at risk.There are four serotypes of dengue virus, young children. However, there are two main transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and it is un- clinical dengue syndromes: dengue fever (DF) usual among arboviruses in that humans are the and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). -
Yellow Fever and Aedes Aegypti Eradication
Al cannuct Peort ¡ of the director / / : a. ~11 · · . * a · =. *~~~· * * * a e -e. * PUBTICATIONS OF THE PAN AMEECAN SANITARY BUREAU OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS Nos. 19-21 Annual Report of the Director, 1956 N .19 Informe Anual del Director, 1956 Nº 19 Financial Report of the Director and External Auditor's Report, 1956 N - 20 Informe Financiero del Director e Informe del Auditor Externo, 1956 N9 20 Proposed Program and Budget Estimates, 1958-59 N 20 Proyectos de Programa y Presupuesto, 1958-59 No 20 t PAN AMERICAN SANITARY ORGANIZATION Official Documents May 1957 No. 19 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE PAN AMERICAN SANITARY BUREAU REGIONAL OFFICE FOR THE AMERICAS OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 1956 PAN AMERICAN SANITARY BUREAU Regional Office of the World Health Organization 1501 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W. Washington 6, D.C. iii ,11165 /0 To the Member States of the Pan American Sanitary Organization I have the honor to transmit herewith the Annual Report of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organiza- tion, for the year 1956. This Report covers the work of the Washington Office as well as that of the Zone Offices. It describes projects implemented in collaboration with the governments of Member States and with other international organizations. The Financial Statement for the year, is submitted separately. Respectfully yours, Fred L. Soper Director iv ANNUAL REPORT O F THE DIRE CTOR 19 56 V ANNUAL REPORT of the DIRECTOR 1956 CONTENTS* Page Part I Introductory Review ......................... 1 Part II Activities in 1956 .......................... 21 Communicable Diseases ................... -
Epinotes Disease Surveillance Newsletter
June 2019 Florida Department of Health - Hillsborough County EpiNotes Disease Surveillance Newsletter Director Douglas Holt, MD 813.307.8008 Articles and Attachments Included This Month Medical Director (HIV/STD/EPI) Health Advisories and Alerts 1 Charurut Somboonwit, MD 813.307.8008 May 2019 Reportable Disease Summary 2 Medical Director (TB/Refugee) Florida Food Recalls 5 Beata Casanas, MD 813.307.8008 CDC Vaccine Schedules App for Healthcare Providers 5 Medical Director (Vaccine Outreach) County Influenza Report 6 Jamie P. Morano, MD, MPH CDC Health Advisory #420 7 813.307.8008 National HIV Testing Day 10 Community Health Director Leslene Gordon, PhD, RD, LD/N Candida auris Update 13 813.307.8015 x7107 Arboviral Clinician Letter and One Pagers 15 Disease Control Director Carlos Mercado, MBA Reportable Diseases/Conditions in Florida, Practitioner List 23 813.307.8015 x6321 FDOH, Practitioner Disease Report Form 24 Environmental Administrator Brian Miller, RS 813.307.8015 x5901 Health Advisories, News, and Alerts Epidemiology Michael Wiese, MPH, CPH 813.307.8010 Fax 813.276.2981 • CDC Health Advisory #420: Nationwide Shortage of Tuberculin Skin Test Antigens: CDC Recommendations for Patient Care and TO REPORT A DISEASE: Public Health Practice Epidemiology 813.307.8010 • CDC Travel Notices: • Global Measles Outbreak Notice - Measles is in many After Hours Emergency 813.307.8000 countries and outbreaks of the disease are occurring around the world. Before you travel internationally, regardless of HIV/AIDS Surveillance where you are going, make sure you are protected fully Erica Botting against measles. If you are not sure, see your healthcare 813.307.8011 provider at least one month before your scheduled departure. -
Oklahoma Disease Reporting Manual
Oklahoma Disease Reporting Manual List of Contributors Acute Disease Service Lauri Smithee, Chief Laurence Burnsed Anthony Lee Becky Coffman Renee Powell Amy Hill Jolianne Stone Christie McDonald Jeannie Williams HIV/STD Service Jan Fox, Chief Kristen Eberly Terrainia Harris Debbie Purton Janet Wilson Office of the State Epidemiologist Kristy Bradley, State Epidemiologist Public Health Laboratory Garry McKee, Chief Robin Botchlet John Murray Steve Johnson Table of Contents Contact Information Acronyms and Jargon Defined Purpose and Use of Disease Reporting Manual Oklahoma Disease Reporting Statutes and Rules Oklahoma Statute Title 63: Public Health and Safety Article 1: Administration Article 5: Prevention and Control of Disease Oklahoma Administrative Code Title 310: Oklahoma State Department of Health Chapter 515: Communicable Disease and Injury Reporting Chapter 555: Notification of Communicable Disease Risk Exposure Changes to the Communicable Disease and Injury Reporting Rules To Which State Should You Report a Case? Public Health Investigation and Disease Detection of Oklahoma (PHIDDO) Public Health Laboratory Oklahoma State Department of Health Laboratory Services Electronic Public Health Laboratory Requisition Disease Reporting Guidelines Quick Reference List of Reportable Infectious Diseases by Service Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Anthrax Arboviral Infection Bioterrorism – Suspected Disease Botulism Brucellosis Campylobacteriosis CD4 Cell Count < 500 Chlamydia trachomatis, -
Nunavut Communicable Disease and Surveillance Manual
Nunavut Communicable Disease and Surveillance Manual Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Public Health Investigation, Management and Reporting of Communicable Diseases and Outbreaks in Nunavut 2.1 Legislative Authority 2.2 Communicable Disease Surveillance and Follow-up 3.0 Outbreak Management Guidelines 3.1 Principles of Outbreak Management 3.2 Outbreak Team 3.3 Roles and Responsibilities of Outbreak Team Members 3.4 Steps in Outbreak Investigation and Management 4.0 Enteric, Food, and Waterborne Infections 4.1 Amoebiasis 4.2 Botulism 4.3 Campylobacteriosis 4.4 Cholera 4.5 Cryptosporidiosis 4.6 Cyclosporiasis 4.7 Giardiasis 4.8 Hepatitis A 4.9 Listeriosis 4.10 Norovirus 4.11 Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning 4.12 Paratyphoid 4.13 Salmonellosis 4.14 Shigellosis 4.15 Trichinosis 4.16 Typhoid 4.17 Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli 4.18 Yersiniosis Nunavut Communicable Disease Manual (May 2016) Page 1 of 3 5.0 Blood-Borne Infections 5.1 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 5.2 Blood and Body Fluid Exposure 5.3 Hepatitis B 5.4 Hepatitis C 5.5 Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus 6.0 Sexually Transmitted Infections 6.1 Chancroid 6.2 Chlamydia 6.3 Gonorrhea 6.4 Syphilis 7.0 Vaccine Preventable Infections 7.1 Diphtheria 7.2 Human Papillomavirus 7.3 Invasive Haemophilus influenzae 7.4 Disease Measles 7.5 Mumps 7.6 Pertussis 7.7 Poliomyelitis 7.8 Rubella 7.9 Rubella, Congenital 7.10 Smallpox 7.11 Tetanus 7.12 Varicella 8.0 Infections Spread By Direct Contact 8.1 Group B Streptococcal Disease Methicillin- 8.2 Resistant Staphylococcus -
Epidemics Investigated
EPIDEMICS INVESTIGATED During the lifetime of CAREC staff members were called existence of “jungle yellow fever” was proven some 30 upon to investigate a variety of disease outbreaks, such years later in Brazil. Dr T H G Aitken, entomologist at as the periodic occurrence of yellow fever in Trinidad the TRVL, suggested the possibility of the existence of and pan Caribbean epidemics of dengue fever. Dengue a 10-15 year cycle in the upsurge of yellow fever activity indeed is endemic in CAREC Member Countries (CMCs) in Trinidad (Aitken 1991), if not in humans, certainly in even though at one time the Cayman Islands was free monkeys. of Aedes aegypti. Malaria is still present in some CMCs such as Belize, Guyana and Suriname. It is also present The report of dead Howler monkeys (Fig. 6.1.1) in the in Haiti. Food-borne illnesses were common due to the Guayaguayare forests of south-eastern Trinidad in lack of proper hygienic standards and there were periodic November 1978 set alarm bells ringing. A team of staff outbreaks in the countries. Some of the outbreaks members of the Veterinary Public Health Unit, Insect investigated are highlighted below. Fig. 6.1.1. A dead Howler monkey, Alouatta seniculus found on Vector Control Division, Forestry Division and CAREC the forest floor at Fishing Pond, north-eastern Trinidad. visited the area to determine the veracity of the reports. Photo: Elisha Tikasingh Yellow Fever A dead Howler monkey was found, as well as other evidence to suggest more than one monkey had died. Yellow fever was once a scourge in the West Indies and has been documented since the 1600s. -
Disease and Social Disruption
Disease and Social Disruption 2 Connect-the-Dots: Making Meaning from Historical Evidence Chris Edwards 5 Yellow Fever in Philadelphia, 1793 (Book Review) Sandra W. Moss 9 World War I Posters: Thinking Critically about History and the Media Tom Carty 16 On the Trail of an Epidemic: Yellow Fever in New Orleans, 1845-1860 Supplement to National Council for the Social Studies Publications Number 31 January/February 2008 www.socialstudies.org Middle Level Learning 31, pp. M2–M4 ©2008 National Council for the Social Studies On the Cover: Nurse wearing a mask as Connect-the-Dots: protection against influ- enza. September 13, 1918. In October of 1918, Congress approved a Making Meaning from $1 million budget for the U. S. Public Health Service to recruit 1,000 medical doctors and Historical Evidence over 700 registered nurses. Nurses were scarce, as their proximity to and interaction with the disease increased the risk of death. Chris Edwards Source: National Archives, “The Deadly Virus: The Influenza Epidemic of 1918,” www.archives.gov/ exhibits/influenza-epidemic/ (Western Newspaper Union). It is often lamented that exciting historical scholarship rarely trickles into the In the case of Pizarro’s conquest of the secondary classroom. I define my job as an eighth grade history teacher as being a Inca’s, I present five dots in this order: bridge between historical scholars and my students. For example, I believe that part of my work is to read a Pulitzer-winning book like Jared Diamond’s Guns, Germs, • Several species of large animals and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies and make its basic insights accessible to were domesticated in Europe, Asia, middle school students, to show how Diamond’s thesis connects to aspects of history and Africa, providing humans with covered in the curriculum.1 I call what I do “the connect-the-dots method,” and the mechanical power and food. -
Yellow Fever – the Scourge Revealed
Yellow Fever – The Scourge Revealed Stanton E. Cope, Ph.D. Captain United States Navy Note to user: This text accompanies a Powerpoint presentation. When you see a red © in the text, it indicates that you should click the mouse . Slide 1 – Title The following story is that of a prolific and savage killer, yellow fever, and the events by which the veil of this terrible scourge was lifted. Some of the heroes’ names will be familiar to you but most will not. My presentation contains three parts: first, I will present a brief history of yellow fever and its impact on society; second, I will outline the experiments done in Cuba which elucidated the mode of transmission of this disease (C); and finally I will tell you about two young men and their heroic roles in one of the great medical discoveries of our time. Slide 2 – Cartoon of YF in the Americas We believe that yellow fever originated in Africa and made its first visit to the New World in the late 16th or early 17th century. For the next 300 years or so, the disease ravaged hundreds of cities in North America from Texas to Massachusetts as well as the Great Mississippi Valley. Each wave of pestilence was marked by economic shamble, human panic, and widespread death. From 1668 to 1893, there were 135 major epidemics in U.S. port cities. In 1793, yellow fever claimed 1 of every 10 Philadelphians, 1 a total of 4,000 dead. New Orleans, a frequent victim of attack, suffered 29,000 cases and over 8,000 dead in 1853. -
Guide Yellow Fever Outbreak 2016
© World Health Organization 2016 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO website (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications –whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution– should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader.