Uživatel:Zef/output18
< Uživatel:Zef
rozřadit, rozdělit na více článků/poznávaček; Název !! Klinický obraz !! Choroba !! Autor
Bárányho manévr; Bonnetův manévr; Brudzinského manévr; Fournierův manévr; Fromentův manévr; Heimlichův manévr; Jendrassikův manévr; Kernigův manévr; Lasčgueův manévr; Müllerův manévr; Scanzoniho manévr; Schoberův manévr; Stiborův manévr; Thomayerův manévr; Valsalvův manévr;
Beckwithova známka; Sehrtova známka; Simonova známka; Svěšnikovova známka; Wydlerova známka;
Antonovo znamení; Apleyovo znamení; Battleho znamení; Blumbergovo znamení; Böhlerovo znamení; Courvoisierovo znamení; Cullenovo znamení; Danceovo znamení; Delbetovo znamení; Ewartovo znamení; Forchheimerovo znamení; Gaussovo znamení; Goodellovo znamení; Grey-Turnerovo znamení; Griesingerovo znamení; Guddenovo znamení; Guistovo znamení; Gunnovo znamení; Hertogheovo znamení; Homansovo znamení; Kehrerovo znamení; Leserovo-Trélatovo znamení; Loewenbergerovo znamení; Minorovo znamení; Murphyho znamení; Nobleovo znamení; Payrovo znamení; Pembertonovo znamení; Pinsovo znamení; Pleniesovo znamení; Pléniesovo znamení; Prehnovo znamení; Rovsingovo znamení; Salusovo znamení; Sicardovo znamení; Stellwagovo znamení; Thomayerovo znamení; Wahlovo znamení; Wegnerovo znamení; Zohlenovo znamení;
Brachtův hmat; Credého hmat; Dessaignes ; Esmarchův hmat; Fritschův hmat; Hamiltonův hmat; Hippokratův hmat; Kristellerův hmat; Leopoldovy hmat; Lepagův hmat; Pawlikovovy hmat; Riebemontův-; Zangmeisterův hmat;
Leopoldovy hmaty; Pawlikovovy hmaty;
Hamiltonův znak; Spaldingův znak;
Abadieho příznak 1; Abadieho příznak 2; Amosův příznak; Ballanceův příznak; Barréův příznak; Battleův příznak; Bellův příznak; Brissaudův příznak; Chvostkův příznak; Combyův příznak; Crichton-Brownův příznak; Croweův příznak; Cruveilhierův příznak; Dalrympleův příznak; Dalrymplův příznak; Darierův příznak; Dufourův příznak; Filatovův příznak; Friedreichův příznak; Fromentův příznak; Gerhardtův příznak; Gilbertův příznak; Gorlinův příznak; Gottronův příznak; Gowersův příznak; Graefeho příznak; Guttmannův příznak; Hammanův příznak; Heimův-Kreysigův příznak; Heringův-Lommelův příznak; Heryngův příznak; Hillův příznak; Joffroyův příznak; Kanavelův příznak; Katzův-Wachtelův příznak; Kehrův příznak; Kocherův příznak; Kreysigův příznak; Lancisiho příznak; Levineův příznak; Lhermitteův příznak; Loewiho příznak; Loosův příznak; Mahlerův příznak; Marieův-Foixův retrakční příznak; McBurneyův příznak; Michaelisův příznak; Monizův příznak; Murphyho příznak; Mussetův příznak; Neriho příznak; Neuhauserův příznak; Nicoladoniův-Branhamův příznak; Oliverův-Cardarelliho příznak; Paulův příznak; Pleniésův příznak; Plummerův příznak; Porterův příznak; Potainův příznak; Prattovy příznak; Romańův příznak; Rombergův příznak; Ruseckého příznak; Sabinského příznak; Sandersův příznak; Seeligmüllerův příznak; Siegertův příznak; Strümpellův příznak; Séguinův příznak; Tinelův příznak; Traubeho příznak; Tresilianův příznak; Trousseauův příznak; Vedderův příznak; Vincentův příznak; Warthinův příznak; Westphalův příznak; Winterbottomův příznak; Šrámkův příznak;
Bitotovy skvrny; Filatovovy skvrny; Koplikovy skvrny; Maurerovy skvrny; Morgagniho skvrny; Paltaufovy skvrny; Rothovy skvrny; Tardieuovy skvrny; Višněvského skvrny;
Haygarthovy uzly; Herbenovy uzly; Oslerovy uzly;
Ghonova léze; Hillova-Sachsova léze; Janewayovy léze;
Arthusův fenomén; Auspitzův fenomén; Concorde fenomén; Danyszův fenomén; Fuchsův fenomén; Koebnerův izomorfní fenomén; Korotkovův fenomén; Nikolského fenomén; Orbeliho fenomén; Raynaudův fenomén; Richetův fenomén; Somogyiho fenomén; Tournayův fenomén;
Adsonův test; Allenův test; Coombsův test; Dukeův test; Ellsworthův-Howardův test; Fagerströmův test nikotinové závislosti; Garrodův test; Hamův test; Hangerův vločkovací test; Hartmannův test; Ivyho test; Kveimův test; Lee-Whiteův test; Masterův test; Nothnagelův test; O’Sullivanův test; Papanicolaouův test; Perthesův test; Pettenkoferův test; Quickův test; Rumpelův-Leedův test; Schickův test; Schillingův test; Schirmerův test; Simsův-Huhnerův test; Snellenův test; Trendelenburgův test; von Pettenkoferův test;
Auerovy tyčky; Schüffnerova tyčinka;
Birbeckova granula;
Apgar skóre; Bishopovo skóre;
Aitkenova klasifikace; Angleova klasifikace; Blackova klasifikace; Breslowova klasifikace; Clarkova klasifikace; Fredricksonova klasifikace hyperlipoproteinemií; Childova klasifikace; Janského klasifikace; klasifikace defektů chrupu podle Kennedyho; klasifikace defektů chrupu podle Voldřicha; Landsteinerova klasifikace; Lennertova klasifikace; Lownova klasifikace; Lukesova-Collinsova klasifikace; Pauwelsova klasifikace; Klasifikace podle Potterové; Rappaportova klasifikace; Weberova klasifikace;
šelest Austina Flinta; šelest Grahama Steela (Graham Steelův šelest); Rogerův šelest; Flintův šelest; Carey Coombsův šelest; Coombsův šelest; Cruveilhierův-Baumgartenův šelest;
Babinského reflex; Bainbridgeův reflex; Bechtěrevův-Mendelův reflex; Bezoldův-Jarischův reflex; Eulerův-Liljestrandův reflex; Exnerův reflex; Gondův reflex; Gordonův reflex; Heringův reflex; Heringův-Breuerův reflex; Churchillův-Copeův reflex; Joffroyův reflex; Kehrerův reflex; Kischův reflex; Landauův reflex; Lériho reflex; Marinescuův-Radoviciho reflex; Mayerův reflex; Menelův-Bechtěrevův reflex; Monakovův reflex; Moroův reflex; Oppenheimův reflex; Puussepův reflex; Remakův reflex; Rossolimův reflex; Schaefferův reflex; Snellenův reflex; Trömnerův reflex; Vítkův reflex; Žukovského-Kornilův reflex; List of eponymously named medical signs (en.wiki)
Sign Name Specialty Associated conditions Descriptor
epigastric pain with pressure Aaron sign Charles Dettie Aaron surgery appendicitis on McBurney's point
levator palpebrae superioris Abadie's sign Jean Marie Charles Abadie endocrinology Graves' disease spasm
Abadie's Joseph Louis Irenée Jean absence of pain on Achilles neurology tabes dorsalis symptom Abadie tendon pressure
Abderhalden Emil Abderhalden obstetrics pregnancy serum reaction;obsolete reaction
presence of arsenical anti- Abelin reaction Isaak Abelin infectious disease syphilis syphilitic;obsolete
quantitative cells and casts in Addis count Thomas Addis nephrology pyelonephritis 24hr. urine
dilated pupil, poorly reactive Adie pupil William John Adie neurology ciliary nerve damage but with normal near accommodation
obliteration of radial pulse Adson's sign Alfred Washington Adson vascular surgery thoracic outlet syndrome with manoeuvres
neurology, neurosurgery, describes nystagmus in Alexander's law Gustav Alexander vestibular lesions ENT vestibular lesions
tests for presence of palmar vascular surgery, critical Allen's test Edgar Van Nuys Allen arterial supply of the hand ulnar-radial anastomosis care[1] (palmar arch)
Apgar score Virginia Apgar obstetrics assess health of newborn
Apley grind test Alan Graham Apley orthopaedic surgery meniscal lesions manoeuvres to elicit knee pain
Argyll Douglas Moray Cooper Robertson neurology neurosyphilis[2] light-near dissociation Lamb Argyll Robertson pupils
Arneth count Josef Arneth haematology, nutrition folate deficiency lobulation of neutrophil nuclei
extension of a blister to Asboe-Hansen Gustav Asboe-Hansen dermatology bullae adjacent unblistered skin when sign pressed
Aschheim– Selmar Aschheim, oestral reaction in mouse obstetrics normal pregnancy Zondek test Bernhard Zondek injected with pregnant urine
foci of interstitial Aschoff body Karl Albert Ludwig Aschoff rheumatology, pathology rheumatic fever inflammatiuon in the myocardium and elsewhere
Ashby agglutination test for Winifred Ashby haematology, pathology haemolysis technique erythrocyte survival
Auberger's Auberger (patient) haematology normal physiology Aua antigen blood group
Auenbrugger's Josef Leopold Auenbrugger cardiology pericardial effusion bulging epigastrium sign
cytoplasmic inclusions in Auer rods John Auer hematology acute myeloid leukemia myeloblasts
punctate bleeding when scales Auspitz's sign Heinrich Auspitz dermatology psoriasis are scraped
Austin Flint mid-diastolic rumble heard at Austin Flint cardiology aortic insufficiency murmur apex
dorsiflexion of the hallux with fanning of the remaining Babinski sign Joseph Babinski neurology abnormal plantar reflex phalanges upon soft stimulation of the lateral plantar surface of the foot
increase in heart rate with Bainbridge Francis Arthur Bainbridge cardiology normal physiology increase in circulating blood reflex volume
large chromosome puff Balbiani rings Edouard-Gérard Balbiani genetics RNA transcription indicating site of RNA transcription
percussive dullness left flank, Ballance's sign Charles Alfred Ballance general surgery abdominal/splenic trauma LUQ, percussive resonance right flank
pain on anterior, but not Bancroft's sign Joseph Bancroft vascular medicine deep vein thrombosis lateral, compression of calf
vertigo, vestibular nystagmus elicited by hot or Bárány test Robert Bárány ENT,neurology dysfunction cold irrigation of ear canal
Thomas Geoffrey Barlow, Barlow's paediatrics, orthopaedic English Pediatric hip dysplasia dislocation on adduction of hip maneuver surgery Orthopedist, (1915–1975)
Loss of all four alpha-globin genes (total alpha-thalassemia) leads to severely anemic Bart indicates a specific cause of stillborn babies with small Barts Hospital Obstetrics, pathology hemoglobin death in some stillborns amounts of an abnormal hemoglobin composed of four gamma sub-units (Bart's Hemoglobin)
Bastian–Bruns Henry Charlton Bastian, loss of muscle tone and neurology spinal cord transection sign Ludwig Bruns reflexes below lesion level
Battle's sign William Henry Battle neurosurgery/traumatology basal skull fracture mastoid ecchymosis
dermatology, internal Beau's lines Joseph Honoré Simon Beau multiple, including trauma transverse ridges on nails medicine
hypotension, increased central Beck's triad Claude Schaeffer Beck cardiology cardiac tamponade venous pressure (JVP), distant heart sounds
Otto Heinrich Enoch ophthalmology, visible pulsation of retinal Becker's sign thyrotoxicosis Becker endocrinology arteries
spinal trauma at T10, caudal movement of navel on Beevor's sign Charles Edward Beevor neurology, neurosurgery als,fsmd cervical flexion
Bekhterev– stroking dorsal radial skin, Vladimir Bekhterev, Louis Jacobsohn neurology pyramidal tract lesions with forearm in supination, Jacobsohn-Lask reflex elicits wrist and finger flexion
Bekhterev– Vladimir Bekhterev, Kurt toe flexion on percussion of neurology pyramidal tract lesions Mendel reflex Mendel dorsum of foot
Bence Jones Henry Bence Jones hematology multiple myeloma protein
Benedict reagent for presence of Stanley Rossiter Benedict endocrinology diabetes mellitus solution monosaccharides
Berger wave electroencephalographic alpha Hans Berger neurology normal physiology (rhythm) wave
Bezold–Jarisch Albert von Bezold, Adolf apnea, bradycardia, pharmacology, toxicology effect of certain alkaloids reflex Jarisch hypotension
Bielschowsky's test for palsy of superior Alfred Bielschowsky neurology, ophthalmology lesions of cranial nerve IV head tilt test oblique muscle
extension of the great toe on Bing's sign Paul Robert Bing neurology pyramidal tract lesions pricking the dorsum of the foot with a pin
Biot's quick shallow respirations Camille Biot neurology brain stem herniation respiration followed by period of apnea
spots of keratin deposition in Bitot's spots Pierre Bitôt ophthalmology vitamin A deficiency the conjunctiva
comet shaped visual field Bjerrum defect,extending temporally Jannik Peterson Bjerrum ophthalmology glaucoma scotoma from the physiological blind spot
Blumberg sign Jacob Moritz Blumberg surgery peritonitis rebound tenderness
dermal hyperaesthesia just left Boas' point Ismar Isidor Boas gastroenterology gastric ulcer of T12
dermal hyperaesthesia at Boas' sign Ismar Isidor Boas gastroenterology acute cholecystitis inferior angle of R scapula
unit of alkaline phosphatase Bodansky unit Aaron Bodansky clinical chemistry concentration in blood
ophthalmology, spasmodic ptosis on downward Boston's sign Leonard N. Boston thyrotoxicosis endocrinology gaze
bony outgrowths on dorsa of Bouchard's Charles-Joseph Bouchard rheumatology osteoarthritis proximal interphalangeal nodes joints
Erich Franz Eugen Bracht, Bracht–Wachter yellow-white spots in the Hermann Julius Gustav cardiology infective endocarditis bodies myocardium Wächter
pressing on proximal portion Branham's sign Henry Branham of AV fistula results in bradycardia
"false labour". sporadic Braxton Hicks John Braxton Hicks obstetrics normal pregnancy contractions beginning as contraction early as mid 1st trimester
dark red wedge shaped areas Brewer infarcts George Emerson Brewer nephrology, pathology pyelonephritis on kidney section resembling infarcts
plantar stimulation elicits Brissaud's Édouard Brissaud neurology pyramidal tract lesions contraction of tensor fasciae reflex latae
Broadbent Sir William Broadbent, 1st systole palpable in posterior cardiology L atrial hypertrophy inverted sign Baronet chest wall
recession of L inferior Broadbent sign Walter Broadbent cardiology adhesive pericarditis intercostal spaces
developmental or other neurology, Broca aphasia Paul Broca pathology of various frontal expressive aphasia neuropsychology cortical areas
superficial vein is percussed Brodie– Sir Benjamin Collins proximally; if impulse is felt Trendelenburg Brodie, 1st Baronet, general medicine, surgery varicose veins over vein distally, valvular percussion test Friedrich Trendelenburg incompetence is present
Brodie– Sir Benjamin Collins identifies level of valvular Trendelenburg Brodie, 1st Baronet, general medicine,surgery varicose veins incompetence test Friedrich Trendelenburg
Brudziński neck neck flexion elicits hip and Józef Brudziński neurology meningitis sign knee flexion
Brudziński pressure beneath zygoma Józef Brudziński neurology meningitis cheek sign elicits flexion of forearm
pressure over symphisis pubis Brudziński Józef Brudziński neurology meningitis elicits knee, hip flexion and leg symphyseal sign abduction
passive flexion of knee to Brudziński Józef Brudziński neurology meningitis abdomen elicits flexion of reflex contralateral hip and knee
Bruit de Roger Henri-Louis Roger paediatric cardiology ventricular septal defect loud pansystolic murmur
difficulty moving feet in Bruns ataxia Ludwig Bruns neurology frontal lobe lesions contact with floor, tendency to fall backwards
cerebellopontine angle Bruns nystagmus that coarsens in Ludwig Bruns neurology tumor, vestibular nystagmus amplitude on lateral gaze schwannoma
Downs' syndrome or non- greyish-white spots at Brushfield spots Thomas Brushfield ophthalmology, genetics pathological periphery of iris
blue discolouration of the Burton line Henry Burton toxicology lead poisoning gingival border
threadlike strands in Cabot rings Richard Cabot hematology lead poisoning, anaemias erythrocytes
distended veins radiating from Caput medusae Medusa gastroenterology, surgery portal hypertension umbilicus
aortic arch dilatation or left displacement of trachea cardiology, thoracic Cardarelli's sign Antonio Cardarelli aneurysm, mediastinal elicits palpable pulsation of surgery tumour same
Carey Coombs Carey Coombs cardiology,rheumatology rheumatic fever mid-diastolic rumble murmur
supine patient lifts head from Carnett's sign John Berton Carnett primary care, surgery abdominal mass and/or pain bed;↑ pain – abdominal wall ;↓ pain – intraperitoneal
José Manuel Rivero increase in volume of murmur Carvallo's sign cardiology tricuspid regurgitation Carvallo on inspiration widely variable collar of Casal collar Gaspar Casal nutrition pellagra (niacin deficiency) dermatitis characteristically in c3,c4 dermatomes
infectious disease, tropical intradermal injection of Casoni test Tomaso Casoni hydatid disease medicine hydatid fluid causing wheal
1. Rubor (redness) 2. Tumor Celsus signs of Aulus Cornelius Celsus various inflammation (swelling)3. Calor (heat) 4. inflammation Dolor (pain)
extension of big toe with pyramidal lesions, Chaddock reflex Charles Gilbert Chaddock neurology stimulation of skin over lateral corticospinal tract lesions malleolus
cyanosis of vulva, vagina and Chadwick sign James Read Chadwick obstetrics pregnancy cervix
jaundice, fever and chills, RUQ Charcot's triad Jean-Martin Charcot surgery ascending cholangitis pain
nystagmus, intention tremor, Charcot's triad Jean-Martin Charcot neurology multiple sclerosis staccato speech
any disorder characterized Charcot–Leyden Jean-Martin Charcot, Ernst lysophospholipase crystals in pathology by eosinophil proliferation, crystals Viktor von Leyden various tissues e.g. ascariasis
Cheyne–Stokes John Cheyne, William fluctuation between apnoea palliative care respiratory center damage respiration Stokes and tachypnoea
distension of pulmonary Churchill–Cope Edward Delos Churchill, cardiology heart failure vascular bed causes reflex Oliver Cope tachypnoea
tapping over facial nerve Chvostek's sign František Chvostek endocrinology hypocalcemia elicits abnormal muscle contraction(s)
heart and/or breath sounds emergency medicine, Claybrook sign Edwin Claybrook blunt abdominal trauma heard through abdominal wall surgery indicate rupture of viscus
painless symmetrical Clutton's joints Henry Hugh Clutton paediatrics congenital syphilis hydrarthroses, particularly of the knees
Codman's oncology, orthopaedic osteosarcoma, Ewing's triangular subperiosteal Ernest Codman triangle surgery, radiology sarcoma growth
whitish patches on gingiva and Comby sign Jules Comby paediatrics rubeola buccal mucosa
triangular swelling Comolli's sign Antonio Comolli Orthopaedic surgery Scapular fracture corresponding to the outline of the scapula
Coombs test Robin Coombs hematology hemolytic anemia
Coons detection of antibodies by fluorescent Albert Coons immunology fluorescence microscopy using antibody fluorescein-labelled antibodies method
scratching alongside big toe Cornell's sign ? neurology pyramidal tract lesions extensor tendon elicits an extensor plantar response
carotid pulsations with abrupt Corrigan pulse Dominic John Corrigan cardiology aortic insufficiency ascending and descending phases
Councilman William Thomas yellow fever, viral infectious disease eosinophilic globules in liver body Councilman haemorrhagic fevers
palpable gall bladder w/ Courvoisier's Ludwig Georg Courvoisier gastroenterology obstructive jaundice painless jaundice unlikely to law be cholelithiasis
Crichton- tremor at corners of mouth Sir James Crichton-Browne neuropsychiatry 'general paresis' Browne sign and of outer canthus
Crowe sign Frank W. Crowe dermatology neurofibromatosis type I axillary freckling
Cruveilhier– Jean Cruveilhier, Paul Cruveilhier–Baumgarten Baumgarten hepatology bruit around the umbilicus Clemens von Baumgarten disease bruit
ecchymosis around umbilicus intraabdominal Cullen's sign Thomas S. Cullen surgery predicts onset of acute haemorrhage pancreatitis Curschmann spiral mucus plugs found in Heinrich Curschmann pulmonology asthma spirals sputum
elevated systolic bp, Cushing's triad Harvey Cushing neurology raised intracranial pressure bradycardia, irregular respiration
bimanual palpation of foreign object lodged in pelvis with Dagher Nabil Dagher trauma surgery penetrating pelvic trauma one digit in an incision lateral Maneuver to the anus and the other digit inserted in the rectum
Dahlén–Fuchs Johan Dahlén, Ernst Fuchs ophthalmology sympathetic ophthalmia nodules
pigmented calluses on anterior Dahl's sign K.V. Dahl pulmonology COPD surface of thighs (from leaning on elbows)
ophthalmology, Dalrymple sign John Dalrymple thyrotoxicosis widened palpebral opening endocrinology
Jean Baptiste Hippolyte empty RLQ (retracted right Dance's sign (paediatric)surgery ileo-cecal intussusception Dance iliac fossa)
Darier's sign Ferdinand-Jean Darier allergy,dermatology urticaria pigmentosa dermatographia
characteristic fingerlike Dawson's James Walker Dawson neurology multiple sclerosis appearance of lateral ventricle fingers on mri, ct, or at autopsy
De Musset's head nodding in time with Alfred de Musset cardiology aortic insufficiency sign heartbeat
Dennie–Morgan "Charles Clayton Dennie fold
accentuated fold below the DB Morgan" dermatology atopic dermatitis lower eyelid
ecchymosis superior to Destot's sign Etienne Destot orthopaedic surgery pelvic fracture inguinal ligament, in scrotum or of thigh
Elicitation of extreme vertigo Dix–Hallpike Margaret R. Dix, Charles Benign paroxysmal upon lateral movement of a Otolaryngology test Skinner Hallpike positional vertigo patient's head when lying in a supine position
basophilic inclusions in various including trauma Döhle bodies Karl Gottfried Paul Döhle pathology peripheral cytoplasm of and neoplasm neutrophils
reappearance of absent deep tendon reflexes after short Eaton–Lambert syndrome Doi's sign Hitoka Doi neurology period of maximal muscle contraction
increase in abdominal pain on Dunphy sign Osborne Joby Dunphy surgery appendicitis coughing
double bruit heard over femoral artery when it is Duroziez's sign Paul Louis Duroziez cardiology aortic insufficiency compressed distally (see Traube's sign)
Elschnig spots Anton Elschnig ophthalmology hypertensive retinopathy
Epstein's pearls Alois Epstein paediatrics normal newborn cystic papules on palate
percussive dullness, Ewart's sign William Ewart cardiology pericardial effusion aegophony and bronchial breath sounds at L scapular tip
Yellow fever Typhoid Fever the unusual constellation of Faget sign Jean-Charles Faget infectious disease tularaemia brucellosis fever and bradycardia others
Finkelstein's Harry Finkelstein rheumatology DeQuervain's tenosynovitis test
Forchheimer small red spots on the soft Frederick Forchheimer paediatrics rubella spots palate
anterior abdominal mass which does not cross the Fothergill's sign John Fothergill surgery rectus sheath hematoma midline and is still palpable when abdominal wall muscles are tensed ecchymosis of inguinal Fox's sign George Henry Fox gastroenterology haemorrhagic pancreatitis ligament (blood tracks retroperitoneally)
ear crease indicating risk of Frank's sign Sanders T. Frank cardiology ischaemic heart disease heart disease (disputed)
Friedreich's constrictive pericarditis, collapse of distended neck Nikolaus Friedreich cardiology sign tricuspid insufficiency veins in diastole
patient required to hold paper between thumb and palm Froment's sign Jules Froment neurology ulnar nerve palsy (against attempt to withdraw);ability to do so is assessed
dissociation of musical and Gallavardin Louis Gallavardin cardiology aortic stenosis noisy elements in ejection phenomenon murmur
Gamna–Favre "Carlos Gamna, bodies
lymphogranuloma basophilic cytoplasmic Maurice Favre" histology venereum inclusion bodies
Gandy–Gamna "Charles Gandy, nodules
splenomegaly due to portal small yellow-brown foci in Carlos Gamna" histology hypertension and sickle the spleen cell disease
repeated extreme tension thickening of skin and tissue Garrod's pads Archibald Garrod dermatology of extensor tendon in over interphalangeal joint interphalangeal joint
Carl Jakob Adolf Christian Gerhardt's sign controversial: see references Gerhardt
A neurological scale which aims to give a reliable and Glasgow Coma objective way of recording The sum of Eye, Motor and Glasgow neurology Scale the conscious state of a Verbal responses. person for initial as well as subsequent assessment.
Seen during right ventriculography in the setting of a patent ductus arteriosus, the Goetz sign refers to the negative Goetz sign Robert H. Goetz Patent Ductus Arteriosus contrast effect seen in the pulmonary artery from non- contrast enhanced blood shunting left to right from the aorta
Viktor Gonda, Ukrainian flexing then suddenly Gonda's sign Neuropsychiatrist, (1889- neurology pyramidal tract lesions releasing the 4th toe elicits an 1959) extensor plantar response
softening of the vaginal part of Goodell's sign William Goodell obstetrics pregnancy the cervix during the first trimester
gastroenterology, general anatomical relationships, Goodsall's rule David Henry Goodsall anal fistula surgery differentiation of fistula types
squeezing the calf muscle Gordon's sign Alfred Gordon neurology pyramidal tract lesions elicits an extensor plantar response
Scaling, erythematous Gottron's eruption or dusky red patches Heinrich Adolf Gottron rheumatology dermatomyositis papules over the knuckles, elbows and knees
Gowers' sign[3] William Richard Gowers neurology muscular dystrophy
pulmonary regurgitation Graham Steell murmur in patients with Graham Steell cardiology mitral stenosis murmur pulmonary hypertension secondary to mitral stenosis
Grey Turner's George Grey Turner surgery retroperitoneal hemorrhage flank ecchymosis sign
lid lag of the lower eyelid on Griffith's sign ? endocrinology Graves' ophthalmopathy upward eye movement AV "nicking" or "nipping" in Gunn's sign Robert Marcus Gunn ophthalmology hypertension hypertensive retinopathy
oesophageal perforation w/ crepitus in sync w/ heartbeat Hamman's sign Louis Hamman thoracic surgery pneumomediastinum but not respiration
wedge shaped consolidation at Hampton's pulmonary embolus with Aubrey Otis Hampton pulmonology, radiology periphery with base on the hump infarct pleura
line on barium meal indicating radiology, Hampton's line Aubrey Otis Hampton peptic ulcer mucosal oedema associated gastroenterology with ulcer
Hannington-Kiff absent thigh adductor reflex John G. Hannington-Kiff general surgery obturator hernia sign with positive patellar reflex
Harrison's rib deformity at the lower Edward Harrison internal medicine rickets groove thorax
tenderness behind angle of jaw Hatchcock's paediatrics, infectious ? mumps (typically before swelling is sign disease evident)
Heberden's same as bouchard's nodes, but William Heberden rheumatology osteoarthritis node over dip joints
softening of cervical isthmus Hegar's sign Ernst Ludwig Alfred Hegar obstetrics normal pregnancy appearin between 4th and 6th weeks (usually)
appearance of petechiae after Hess test Alfred Fabian Hess internal medicine capillary fragility compression of arm by bandage or blood pressure cuff
Relief of pain at tumor site upon vascular occlusion of Hildreth's sign DH Hildreth dermatology glomus tumor limb, with acute return of pain on reperfusion
Hippocratic Hippocrates palliative care impending death face
Hippocratic Hippocrates pulmonary medicine chronic hypoxia clubbing of distal phalanges fingers
corneal reflection centred (-) Hirschberg test Julius Hirschberg ophthalmology strabismus or not centred (+) on pupil
tapping distal phalanx of 3rd Hoffmann's sign Johann Hoffmann neurology corticospinal tract lesions or 4th finger elicits flexion of same in thumb
hypertension, coronary Hollenhorst cholesterol embolus(i) of Robert Hollenhorst ophthalmology artery disease, and/or plaque retinal artery(ies) diabetes
knee bent, ankle abruptly Homans' sign John Homans thrombosis deep venous thrombosis dorsiflexed, popliteal pain
Hoover's sign differentiates organic from Charles Franklin Hoover neurology, psychiatry lower extremity paresis (leg paresis) non-organic etiology
Hoover's sign inward movement of lower ribs Charles Franklin Hoover pulmonology COPD (pulmonary) during inspiration
Howship– "John Howship, Romberg sign
Moritz Heinrich pain from an obturator surgery obturator hernia Romberg" hernia radiating to knee
Patient bears weight on foot. Hubscher's Flexible vs rigid flatfoot Hallux is dorsiflexed. If arch is Podiatry Maneuver deformity recreated, test is positive. Indicative of flexible deformity
Hutchinson's precancerous facial Sir Jonathan Hutchinson dermatology melanoma freckle pigmentation
dilated pupil on the side of an Hutchinson's Sir Jonathan Hutchinson neurology oculomotor nerve lesion intracranial lesion due to IIIrd pupil nerve compression
lesion on tip of the nose which Hutchinson's Sir Jonathan Hutchinson ophthalmology herpes zoster can presage ocular herpes sign zoster
Hutchinson's small, widely spaced incisors Sir Jonathan Hutchinson pediatrics congenital syphilis teeth[4] with notched biting surfaces Hutchinson's Sir Jonathan Hutchinson pediatrics congenital syphilis interstitial keratitis,nerve triad deafness, Hutchinson's teeth
palmar or plantar Theodore Caldwell Janeway lesion cardiology infective endocarditis erythematous or haemorrhagic Janeway papules
Jendrassik compares patellar reflex w/ Ernő Jendrassik neurology hyporeflexia maneuver and w/o distraction
Jobe's Christopher Jobe orthopedics relocation test
lack of forehead wrinkling exophthalmos in Graves Joffroy's sign Alexis Joffroy endocrinology when patient looks up with disease head bowed
electromyography test using myasthenia gravis or repeated stimuli to show Jolly's test Friedrich Jolly neurology Eaton–Lambert syndrome fatiguability in myasthenia
criteria used to diagnose Jones criteria T. Duckett Jones rheumatology rheumatic fever rheumatic fever
(1) finger held in slight flexion, (2) fusiform swelling, (3) tenosynovitis of flexor tenderness along the flexor Kanavel's sign Allen B. Kanavel orthopedics, rheumatology digitorum tendon tendon sheath, and (4) pain with passive extension of the digit.
Kayser– "Bernhard Kayser, Fleischer ring
Wilson's ring of brownish copper Bruno neurology,gastroenterology disease(hepatolenticular deposit at corneo-scleral Fleischer" degeneration) junction
Kehr's sign Hans Kehr trauma surgery ruptured spleen referred pain to L shoulder
visible response of ureter Kelly's sign Howard Atwood Kelly surgery when touched (means of identifying same)
Kerley lines Peter Kerley radiology pulmonary edema
hip and knee fully flexed, meningism, meningitis, Kernig's sign Woldemar Kernig neurology extension of knee elicits pain subarachnoid haemorrhage and/or opisthotonus
Koebner's Heinrich Koebner dermatology various conditions phenomenon
Koeppe's granulomatous nodules at Leonhard Koeppe ophthalmology uveitis nodules pupillary margin
Koplik's spots Henry Koplik pediatrics measles
Korotkov described 5 sounds. Only the first (the onset of audible sound,and corresponding to systolic pressure) and the fifth (sound Korotkoff auscultatory Nikolai Korotkov cardiology becomes sounds sphygmomanometry inaudible,corresponding to diastolic pressure) are of practical clinical significance (however,see:Auscultatory gap)
Kussmaul laboured deep breathing with Adolph Kussmaul endocrinology metabolic acidosis breathing[5] normal or reduced frequency
various, including right side increased jugular distension Kussmaul's sign Adolph Kussmaul cardiology failure on inspiration
intradermal injection of Kveim test Morten Ansgar Kveim pulmonary medicine sarcoidosis lymphatic extract from known sufferer; obsolete
Lachman anterior cruciate ligament modified anterior drawer test John Lachman orthopedic surgery maneuver injury with knee in less flexion
Louis Julius Ladin, softening of uterus; similar to Ladin's sign Lithuanian-American obstetrics normal pregnancy Hegar's sign Gynecologist, (1862-1951)
giant v-wave in seen in jugular Lancisi's sign Giovanni Maria Lancisi cardiology tricuspid regurgitation vein Larrey's sign Dominique Larrey rheumatology sacroiliitis pain in sacroiliac area on sitting down on hard chair
neurosurgery, orthpaedic better known as straight leg Lasègue's sign Charles Lasègue lumbar disc lesions, sciatica surgery raise test
Leopold's Christian Gerhard Leopold obstetrics determination of fetal lie maneuver
Leser–Trélat "Edmund Leser, sign
sudden onset of multiple pruritic seborrheic Ulysse Trélat" oncology malignant neoplasm keratoses
patient clenches fist over chest Levine's sign Samuel A. Levine cardiology myocardial infarction when asked to describe pain
lesions of cervical cord dorsal columns or caudal electrical sensation down the Lhermitte's sign Jean Lhermitte neurology medulla, MS, back and into limbs with neck chemotherapy, Behçet's flexion or extension disease
For each fever degree Celsius Liebermeister's Carl von Liebermeister internal medicine an increase of 8 beats per rule minute in cardiac frequency
yellow brown hamartomata on Lisch nodule Karl Lisch ophthalmology type I neurofibromatosis iris
tenderness on percussion of Lisker's sign ? internal medicine deep venous thrombosis antero-medial tibia
cotton-wool exudate in the Litten's sign Moritz Litten cardiology infective endocarditis retina
automatic rise in the loudness malingering due to Lombard effect Étienne Lombard psychiatry of a person's voice when they simulated deafness speak in noise
increased pain along vein with Louvel's sign ? internal medicine deep venous thrombosis valsalva; proximal pressure prevents this
immediate pain on inflating Lowenberg's ? vascular medicine deep vein thrombosis blood pressure cuff around sign calf
eneuresis, firesetting and MacDonald sociopathic personality John M. MacDonald psychiatry animal torture predictive of triad disorder future criminal behaviour
hydrocephalus, brain resonance on percussion of Macewen's sign Sir William Macewen neurology, neurosurgery abscess fronto-temporo-parietal suture
feeling of moving foreign body Magnan's sign Valentin Magnan addiction medicine cocaine dependence under the skin
intradermal protein derivative Mantoux test Charles Mantoux infectious disease tuberculosis – diameter of wheal evaluated
severe retinal disease, Relative pupil dilatation when Marcus Gunn Robert Marcus Gunn ophthalmology, neurology lesion of optic nerve light swings to the affected pupil anterior to chiasm side
RLQ pain on dropping from Markle sign ? surgery appendicitis standing on toes to heels
diastolic blood pressure drop Mayne's sign ? cardiology aortic insufficiency of >15mmHg on raising arm
2/3 of the way lateral on a line from umbilicus to anterior McBurney's superior iliac spine Charles McBurney surgery appendicitis point (corresponds to junction of vermiform appendix and cecum)
echocardiography finding of McConnell's akinesia of the mid-free wall of M.V. McConnell cardiology pulmonary embolism sign the right ventricle but normal motion of the apex
knee extended, valgus stress McMurray test Thomas Porter McMurray orthopaedics meniscal tear applied, leg rotated produces palpable or audible click
Means–Lerman systolic heart murmur similar scratch J. Lerman, J.H. Means endocrinology hyperthyroidism to pericardial rub
arsenic or heavy metal transverse white lines across Mees' lines R.A. Mees toxicology poisoning the nails
coughing or Valsalve Mellignhoff's cutaneous decompression accentuates the venous Mellinghoff hyperbaric medicine sign sickness markings of an erysipeloid rash
differentiates iron deficiency Mentzer index William C. Mentzer Jr. hematology microcytic anemia anaemia from beta thalassaemia
Improvement in cognitive Miller Fisher normal pressure function after withdrawal of C. Miller Fisher neurology test hydrocephalus CSF during lumbar puncture used to confirm diagnosis
forceful plantar flexion of the Moniz sign António Egas Moniz neurology pyramidal tract lesions ankle elicits an extensor plantar response
inability to maintain Möbius sign Paul Julius Möbius endocrinology thyrotoxicosis convergence of eyes
Muehrcke's hypoalbuminaemia, paired transverse white lines Robert C. Muehrcke nephrology, oncology lines chemotherapy on nail bed
transverse compression of the forefoot elicits pain in the Mulder's sign Jacob D. Mulder neurology, podiatry Morton's neuroma distribution of the affected nerve
patient attempts to breathe in Müller's with nose and mouth closed Johannes Peter Müller pulmonology collapsed section of airway maneuver (opposite of Valsalva maneuver)
visible pulsation or bobbing of Müller's sign Friedrich von Müller cardiology aortic insufficiency uvula
Murphy's punch punch tenderness at the John B. Murphy urology perinephric abscess sign costovertebral angle
hesitation on inspiration while Murphy's sign John B. Murphy surgery cholecystitis gall bladder is palpated
inability to resist blinking Myerson's sign Abraham Myerson neurology Parkinson's disease when glabella is percussed
Naegele's rule Franz Karl Naegele gynecology gestation method of estimating due date
administration of morphine dysfunction of sphincter of and neostigmine reproduces Nardi test George Nardi gastroenterology Oddi sharp LUQ pain; not in general use
various, including mild shear stress applied to Nikolsky's sign Pyotr Nikolsky dermatology pemphigus vulgaris skin causes bullae to form
O'Brien's test ?
coincidence of anterior O'Donoghue's orthopaedics, sports cruciate injury,medial D. O'Donoghue knee injury triad medicine collateral injury and meniscal tear
caudal movement of trachea Oliver's sign William Silver Oliver cardiology aortic arch aneurysm with systole
irritation downward of the Oppenheim's Hermann Oppenheim neurology pyramidal tract lesions medial tibia causes sign dorsiflexion of big toe
Ortolani test Marino Ortolani pediatrics & orthopedics congenital hip dislocation palpable clunk on moving hip
cardiology, emergency positive deflection at QRS-ST Osborn wave John J. Osborn (1917–) hypothermia medicine junction
painful red lesions on the pads various, including SBE and Osler's node Sir William Osler internal medicine of the fingers and plantar SLE surfaces
falsely elevated bp reading Osler's sign Sir William Osler internal medicine atherosclerosis due to incompressibility of calcified vessels
enlarged right descending Palla's sign ? internal medicine pulmonary embolism pulmonary artery on chest x- ray
lines of confluent petechiae in skin creases (associated with Pastia's sign Constantin Chessec Pastia pediatrics scarlet fever Scarlatiniform rash and strep pyogenes)
external rotation of the hip Patrick's test Hugh Talbot Patrick rheumatology sacroiliitis causes pain
calf muscle spasm when Peabody's sign C.N. Peabody internal medicine deep vein thrombosis raising the affected leg with the foot extended
retrosternal mass with arms elevated over head elicits Pemberton's Hugh Pemberton thoracic surgery superior vena cava facial plethora, distended neck sign syndrome veins and inspiratory stridor
30–60 seconds of full forced Phalen's rheumatology, hand George S. Phalen carpal tunnel syndrome flexion of wrist elicits maneuver surgery symptoms
palpable lateral bulge at tubal- Piskaçek's sign Ludwig Piskaçek obstetrics normal pregnancy uterine junction; present at 7– 8 weeks
onycholysis especially of ring Plummer's nail Henry Stanley Plummer endocrinology thyrotoxicosis and little fingers
pain elicited by compression of Pratt's sign Gerald H. Pratt internal medicine deep venous thrombosis posterior calf
bilateral jugular vein pressure Queckenstedt's Hans Heinrich Georg during lumbar puncture neurology spinal stenosis maneuver Queckenstedt causes sudden rise in CSF pressure
visible pulsation in ungual Quincke's sign Heinrich Irenaeus Quincke cardiology aortic insufficiency capillary bed
Reynolds' Charcot's triad + hypotension B.M. Reynolds gastroenterology ascending cholangitis pentad and altered mental state
Riesman's sign David Riesman endocrinology thyrotoxicosis bruit over globe of the eye
radiology, abdominal gas outlines both mucosal and Rigler's sign[6] Leo George Rigler pneumoperitoneum surgery serosal surfaces of bowel
comparison of air conduction ENT, neurology, to bone conduction Rinne test Heinrich Adolf Rinne hearing impairment audiometry differentiates sensorineural from conductive deafness
painless unilateral periorbital Romaña's sign Cecilio Romaña tropical medicine Chagas' disease swelling
dorsal column lesions, inability to maintain posture Romberg test Moritz Heinrich Romberg neurology cerebllar lesions, alcohol with eyes closed intoxication
Warm, stiff feeling of skin Rose's sign ? vascular medicine deep vein thrombosis when affected leg is pinched
Rosenbach's colour produced on addition of Ottomar Rosenbach clinical chemistry bilirubinuria test nitric acid
percussion of the tips of the Rossolimo's Grigory Ivanovich neurology pyramidal tract lesions toes causes exaggerated sign Rossolimo flexion of the toes
retinal haemorrhages with ophthalmology, internal various, including SBE and Roth's spots Moritz Roth pale centres seen at medicine systemic vasculitides fundoscopy
palpation of LLQ elicits pain in Rovsing's sign Niels Thorkild Rovsing general surgery appendicitis RLQ
Rumpel–Leede sign "Theodor Rumpel,
Carl petechiae seen after Stockbridge haematology capillary fragility compression by tourniquet Leede"
scarring of the dorsum of one Russell's sign Gerald Russell psychiatry bulimia nervosa hand (contact with incisors when purging)
deflection of retinal veins at right angle junctions due to Salus's sign Robert Salus ophthalmology hypertension elongation or shortening of connected arterioles
squeezing the Achilles tendon Schaeffer's sign Max Schaeffer neurology pyramidal tract lesions elicits an extensor plantar response
Schamroth's identifies clubbing of distal Leo Schamroth pulmonology, cardiology chronic hypoxia window test phalanges
affected areas of cervix fail to Schiller's test Walter Schiller gynecology cervical cancer stain brown with iodine solution
pernicious anaemia, coeliac Schilling test Robert F. Schilling internal medicine disease, other B12 radioassay; rare malabsorption disorders
keratoconjunctivitis sicca, Schirmer's test Otto Schirmer ophthalmology quantifies lacrimal secretion as in Sjögren's syndrome
physiatry, rheumatology, various disorders of lumbar Schober test Paul Schober quantifies lumbar flexion orthopaedics vertebrae
Sherren's area of hyperaesthesia over James Sherren surgery appendicitis triangle the right lower abdomen
supravalvular mitral ring, Shone's parachute deformity of mitral John D. Shone cardiology congenital heart defect complex valve, subaortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta
hyperpigmented sreaks Siegrist streaks August Siegrist ophthalmology malignant hypertension parallel to choroidal vessels
squeezing of calf fails to Simmonds' test Franklin Adin Simmonds orthopaedics Achilles tendon rupture produce plantar flexion
determination of sperm count Sims–Huhner Harry M. Sims, Max and motility in a sample taken reproductive medicine infertility test Huhner from the cervical canal within an hour of intercourse
Sister Mary Sister Mary Joseph various abdominal palpable lymph node in the Joseph Dempsey (born Julia oncology malignancies umbilicus nodule[7] Dempsey)
axial compression and rotation Spurling's test Roy Glenwood Spurling neurology cervical radiculopathy of cervical spine to the side of symptoms causes pain
infrequent and/or incomplete Stellwag's sign Karl Stellwag von Carion endocrinology thyrotoxicosis blinking, accompanied by Dalrymple's sign
systolic ejection sound ; subaortic stenosis, small Still's murmur Sir George Frederick Still paediatric cardiology vibratory/musical; best heard Ventricular septal defect at left lower sternal border
sudden abduction and release Stransky's sign ? neurology pyramidal tract lesions of little toe causes extensor plantar response
reaction times for incongruent various, including ADHD Stroop test John Ridley Stroop neuropsychology stimuli (e.g., word red printed and schizophrenia in blue)
failure of abrupt passive spastic pareses of the lower flexion of the hip and/or knee Strümpell's sign Adolph Strümpell neurology extremity to elicit dorsiflexion and adduction of foot
various including hepatic white 'ground glass' Terry's nails R. Terry internal medicine failure nails;absence of lunula
Gap between the scaphoid and Terry-Thomas Terry-Thomas Orthopaedics Scapho-lunate dissociation lunate bones on AP wrist sign radiograph
Supine patient flexes one hip Fixed flexion deformity of whilst keeping other leg flat; Thomas test Hugh Owen Thomas Orthopaedics hip back arches if flexion deformity is present
pressure over dorsal big toe Throckmorton's Tom Bentley Throckmorton neurology pyramidal tract lesions MTP joint elicits an extensor reflex plantar response
neuritis, compression 'DTP' – distal tingling on Tinel's sign Jules Tinel neurology disorders percussion
focal weakness for as much as Todd's paresis Robert Bentley Todd neurology seizure disorders 48 hours after seizure
dull percussion sound over Traube's sign Ludwig Traube various splenomegaly Traube's space
inferior gluteal palsy, other Trendelenburg's pelvic tilt contralateral to Friedrich Trendelenburg neurology causes of hip abductors sign 'stance leg' weakness
Various abdominal Enlargement of the left internal medicine, Troisier's sign Charles Emile Troisier malignancies, especially supraclavicular lymph node oncology stomach cancer (=Virchow's node)
Trousseau's spontaneous thrombosis of various malignancies, sign of Armand Trousseau internal medicine multiple veins, including portal including pancreatic malignancy circulation
Trousseau's in hypocalcaemia, occlusion of internal medicine, sign of latent Armand Trousseau hypocalcaemia brachial artery induces carpal endocrinology tetany spasm
↑ in neurological symptoms Uhthoff's Wilhelm Uhthoff neurology multiple sclerosis with exercise or other increase phenomenon in body temperature
patient walks in place with Unterberger eyes closed;direction of Siegfried Unterberger neurology, ENT vestibular lesions test rotation indicates vestibular lesion on that side
Various abdominal Enlargement of the left internal medicine, Virchow's node Rudolf Virchow malignancies, especially supraclavicular lymph node oncology stomach cancer (=Troisier's sign)
Hypercoagulability, Hemodynamic changes (stasis, Virchow's triad Rudolf Virchow hematology etiology of thrombosis turbulence) and Endothelial injury/dysfunction
softening of the uterine fundus Von Braun- Karl von Braun-Fernwald obstetrics pregnancy at the site of implantation at Fernwald's sign 4–5 weeks gestation
' lid lag'; immobility of upper Von Graefe sign Albrecht von Graefe endocrinology Graves' disease lid on downward gaze
short acting barbiturate epilepsy, anatomical lesions Wada test Juhn Atsushi Wada neurology injected in internal carotid; of cerebrum lateralizes language function
identify non-organic sources of Waddell's signs G. Waddell primary care, psychiatry chronic pain low back pain
Head trauma, thoracic and/or child pedestrian stuck by Waddell's triad J.P. Waddell paediatric trauma abdominal trauma, femoral motor vehicle fracture
bounding forceful pulse Watson's water Thomas Watson cardiology aortic regurgitation elicited with postural hammer pulse manoeuvres
Wellens' sign or Hein Wellens cardiology severe stenosis of LAD characteristic ekg changes warning
Westermark Area of oligaemia on chest x- ? pulmonology pulmonary embolism sign ray
1.symptoms associated with hypoglycaemia 2. measured Whipple's triad Allen Whipple endocrinology hypoglycemia low serum glucose 3. relief of symptoms with administration of glucose p.o. or iv
Wickham's white or greyish lines on the Louis Frédéric Wickham dermatology lichen planus striae lichen planus lesions
serum agglutination; Widal test Georges-Fernand Widal microbiology enteric fever obsolete(?)
Winterbottom's Thomas Masterman posterior cervical chain tropical medicine trypanosomiasis sign Winterbottom adenopathy
Wolff– Parkinson– "Sir John Parkinson, White triad
Paul Dudley White,
supraventricular Louis Wolff" cardiology pre-excitation on ECG tachycardia
Wright's ? maneuver
sacroiliac pain on rotation of Yeoman's test ? rheumatology sacroiliitis ilium and extension of hip
anterior shoulder pain with Yergason's test ? orthopedic surgery bicipital tendinitis resisted supination of the forearm
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