DOCSLIB.ORG

Nunavut Communicable Disease and Surveillance Manual

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nunavut Communicable Disease and Surveillance Manual Nunavut Communicable Disease and Surveillance Manual Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Public Health Investigation, Management and Reporting of Communicable Diseases and Outbreaks in Nunavut 2.1 Legislative Authority 2.2 Communicable Disease Surveillance and Follow-up 3.0 Outbreak Management Guidelines 3.1 Principles of Outbreak Management 3.2 Outbreak Team 3.3 Roles and Responsibilities of Outbreak Team Members 3.4 Steps in Outbreak Investigation and Management 4.0 Enteric, Food, and Waterborne Infections 4.1 Amoebiasis 4.2 Botulism 4.3 Campylobacteriosis 4.4 Cholera 4.5 Cryptosporidiosis 4.6 Cyclosporiasis 4.7 Giardiasis 4.8 Hepatitis A 4.9 Listeriosis 4.10 Norovirus 4.11 Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning 4.12 Paratyphoid 4.13 Salmonellosis 4.14 Shigellosis 4.15 Trichinosis 4.16 Typhoid 4.17 Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli 4.18 Yersiniosis Nunavut Communicable Disease Manual (May 2016) Page 1 of 3 5.0 Blood-Borne Infections 5.1 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 5.2 Blood and Body Fluid Exposure 5.3 Hepatitis B 5.4 Hepatitis C 5.5 Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus 6.0 Sexually Transmitted Infections 6.1 Chancroid 6.2 Chlamydia 6.3 Gonorrhea 6.4 Syphilis 7.0 Vaccine Preventable Infections 7.1 Diphtheria 7.2 Human Papillomavirus 7.3 Invasive Haemophilus influenzae 7.4 Disease Measles 7.5 Mumps 7.6 Pertussis 7.7 Poliomyelitis 7.8 Rubella 7.9 Rubella, Congenital 7.10 Smallpox 7.11 Tetanus 7.12 Varicella 8.0 Infections Spread By Direct Contact 8.1 Group B Streptococcal Disease Methicillin- 8.2 Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Viral 8.3 Hemorrhagic Fevers 8.4 Clostridium Difficile 9.0 Infections Spread By Respiratory Routes 9.1 Influenza 9.2 Invasive Group A Streptococcal 9.3 Disease Invasive Meningococcal 9.4 Disease Invasive Pneumococcal 9.5 Disease Legionellosis 9.6 Leprosy 9.7 Respiratory Syncytial Virus 9.8 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Nunavut Communicable Disease Manual (May 2016) Page 2 of 3 10.0 Vectorborne and Zoonotic Infections 10.1 Anthrax 10.2 Brucellosis 10.3 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/Viral Disease 10.4 Lyme Disease 10.5 Malaria 10.6 Plague 10.7 Rabies 10.8 Tularemia 10.9 West Nile Virus 10.10 Yellow Fever 11.0 Other 11.1 Acute Flaccid Paralysis 11.2 Bed bugs 11.3 Fifths Disease 11.4 Group A Streptococcal Disease (non-invasive) 11.5 Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease 11.6 Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome 11.7 Lice 11.8 Roseola 11.9 Scabies 11.10 Epidemic forms of other diseases 11.11 Unusual clinical manifestations of a disease that appears communicable 12.0 Forms A. Communicable Diseases and Conditions Report Form B. Food and Waterborne Illness Investigation Form C. Blood-Borne Infections Contact Investigation Form D. Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids Case Report and Worksheet E. Hepatitis B Report Form F. Hepatitis C Report Form G. Sexually Transmitted Infection Contact Investigation Form H. Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Report Form I. Syphilis Assessment Report Form J. Syphilis Case Summary Review Form K. Vaccine Preventable Disease Report Form L. Vaccine Preventable Disease Contact Investigation Form M. Bacterial Diseases Surveillance Form Haemophilus influenzae N. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease Contact Investigation Form O. Bacterial Diseases Surveillance Form Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B) P. Bacterial Diseases Surveillance Form Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) Q. Invasive Group A Streptococcal disease (iGAS) Contact Investigation Form R. Bacterial Diseases Surveillance Form Neisseria meningitidis S. Bacterial Diseases Surveillance Form Streptococcus pneumoniae Nunavut Communicable Disease Manual (May 2016) Page 3 of 3 1.0 Introduction to the Nunavut Communicable Disease and Surveillance Manual Purpose The purpose of this document is to present the basic protocol for public health investigation, management and reporting of communicable diseases and outbreaks in Nunavut. It provides a quick snap shot of the steps involved and the roles and responsibilities at each level of the system, e.g. community, regional and territorial level. The primary public health objective of investigation and management of communicable disease is to prevent transmission to others. This is done by early identification of cases through mandatory reporting of these diseases and careful public health follow-up of cases and contacts. The outbreak investigation and management protocols are activated when an unusual number of cases of a communicable disease occurs. Principles A hardcopy of the Communicable Disease and Surveillance Manual is available in every community health centre and public health centre in Nunavut as well as Qikiqtani General Hospital. It is also accessible online at the Nunavut Department of Health website: http://www.gov.nu.ca/health As the practice of public health surveillance and disease management constantly evolves with new information, the documents included in this manual will be evergreen and updated as needed. The updated documents will be sent in hardcopy to the health centres and will be uploaded onto the Nunavut Department of Health website in a timely manner. The diseases included in this Manual are categorized into the following sections: Enteric, Food and Waterborne Blood-Borne Sexually Transmitted Vaccine Preventable Direct Contact Respiratory Vectorborne and Zoonotic Other Although some diseases may belong to more than one section, each disease has been categorized into only one section for ease of use. Each section includes public health directives and roles and responsibilities of public health staff, as well as public health protocols, report forms, fact sheets where applicable, and additional information if needed for each disease in the section. Nunavut Communicable Disease and Surveillance Manual Page 1 of 1 2.0 Public Health Investigation, Management and Reporting of Communicable Diseases and Outbreaks in Nunavut 2.1 Legislative Authority Communicable diseases are those that are listed in the Communicable Disease Regulations of the Public Health Act as diseases that a medical practitioner, nurse, laboratory, or dentist is required by law to report to the Chief Medical Officer of Health (CMOH). The list of communicable diseases in Nunavut can be found in Table 2.1. This list is currently being updated as part of the work on developing a new Public Health Act for Nunavut. Reports (with non-identifiable information) are subsequently made to the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and the International Circumpolar Surveillance System (ICS) for the specific diseases established by agreements with PHAC and ICS. The CMOH has significant authority under the Public Health Act to ensure that individuals with communicable diseases are followed up and advised to take steps to prevent transmission to others. Individuals required to report cases of notifiable diseases and conditions must provide the office of the CMOH all relevant demographic, clinical, personal, and epidemiological details. The CMOH may also request any additional information (e.g. copies of class lists, absentee reports, daily logs, etc.) required to complete the necessary follow-up. Nunavut Communicable Disease Manual (September 2013) Page 1 of 5 Table 2.1 Reportable Diseases in Nunavut (as per the 1990 Public Health Act, amended January 6, 2000) Reportable Diseases in Nunavut (as per the 1990 Public Health Act, amended January 6, 2000) SCHEDULE A – Item I SCHEDULE A – Item II Reportable to Chief Medical Health Officer by Reportable to Chief Medical Health Officer in writing telephone as soon as suspected and followed within 7 days. within 24 hours by a written report. 1. Amoebiasis 1. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 2. Anthrax and any Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 3. Botulism Infection. 4. Campylobacteriosis 2. Brucellosis 5. Cholera 3. Chancroid 6. Diphtheria 4. Chicken Pox (Varicella) 7. E. coli (verotoxigenic) 5. Chlamydial Infections 8. Food Poisoning 6. Congenital Cytomegalovirus infection I. Staphylococcal 7. Congenital or Neonatal Herpes simplex infection II. Bacillus cereus 8. Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease III. Clostridium perfringens 9. Cryptosposidiosis IV. Other and undetermined 10. Cyclospora 9. Gastroenteritis, epidemic (including 11. Giardiasis (symptomatic cases only) institutional outbreaks) 12. Gonococcal infections 10. Hantaviral Disease (including Hantavirus 13. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Pulmonary Syndrome) 14. Human T-cell lymphotrophic Virus infection 11. Hemorrhagic fevers (HTLV-1 or 2) 12. Hepatitis (all forms) 15. Leprosy 13. Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection 16. Listeriosis 14. Influenza 17. Lyme Disease 15. Invasive Group A Streptococcal infections 18. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (including Toxic Shock Syndrome, necrotizing infection (MRSA) fascitis, myositis and pneumonitis) 19. Mumps 16. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB) 20. Psittacosis / Ornithosis infections 21. Q-fever 17. Invasive Neisseria meningitidis infections 22. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) 18. Legionellosis 23. Tapeworm infestations (including Echinococcal 19. Malaria disease) 20. Measles 24. Trichinosis 21. Meningitis/Encephalitis 25. Toxoplasmosis (symptomatic only) 22. Neonatal group B Streptococcal infections 26. Tularemia 23. Pertussis (whooping cough) 27. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) 24. Plague 25. Poliomyelitis 26. Rabies (or exposure to rabies) 27. Rubella and congenital Rubella syndrome 28. Salmonellosis Contact Info: 29. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) 30. Shigellosis Communicable Disease Control Office 31. Smallpox Health
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Communicable Disease Toolkit Liberia
    WHO/CDS/2004.24 COMMUNICABLE DISEASE TOOLKIT LIBERIA 1. COMMUNICABLE DISEASE PROFILE World Health Organization 2004 Communicable Disease Working Group on Emergencies, WHO/HQ The WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) WHO Office, Liberia © World Health Organization 2004 All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. Further information is available at: CDS Information Resource Centre, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland; fax: (+41) 22 791 4285, e-mail: [email protected] Communicable Disease Toolkit for LIBERIA 2004: Communicable Disease Profile. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Edited by Dr Michelle Gayer, Dr Katja Schemionek, Dr Monica Guardo, and Dr Máire Connolly of the Programme on Communicable Diseases in Complex Emergencies, WHO/CDS. This Profile is a collaboration between the Communicable Disease Working Group on Emergencies (CD-WGE) at WHO/HQ, the Division of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control (DCD) at WHO/AFRO and the Office of the WHO Representative for Liberia.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook
    USAMRIID’s MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CASUALTIES HANDBOOK Sixth Edition April 2005 U.S. ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK FREDERICK, MARYLAND Emergency Response Numbers National Response Center: 1-800-424-8802 or (for chem/bio hazards & terrorist events) 1-202-267-2675 National Domestic Preparedness Office: 1-202-324-9025 (for civilian use) Domestic Preparedness Chem/Bio Helpline: 1-410-436-4484 or (Edgewood Ops Center – for military use) DSN 584-4484 USAMRIID’s Emergency Response Line: 1-888-872-7443 CDC'S Emergency Response Line: 1-770-488-7100 Handbook Download Site An Adobe Acrobat Reader (pdf file) version of this handbook can be downloaded from the internet at the following url: http://www.usamriid.army.mil USAMRIID’s MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CASUALTIES HANDBOOK Sixth Edition April 2005 Lead Editor Lt Col Jon B. Woods, MC, USAF Contributing Editors CAPT Robert G. Darling, MC, USN LTC Zygmunt F. Dembek, MS, USAR Lt Col Bridget K. Carr, MSC, USAF COL Ted J. Cieslak, MC, USA LCDR James V. Lawler, MC, USN MAJ Anthony C. Littrell, MC, USA LTC Mark G. Kortepeter, MC, USA LTC Nelson W. Rebert, MS, USA LTC Scott A. Stanek, MC, USA COL James W. Martin, MC, USA Comments and suggestions are appreciated and should be addressed to: Operational Medicine Department Attn: MCMR-UIM-O U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5011 PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION The Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook, which has become affectionately known as the "Blue Book," has been enormously successful - far beyond our expectations.
    [Show full text]
  • Dengue and Yellow Fever
    GBL42 11/27/03 4:02 PM Page 262 CHAPTER 42 Dengue and Yellow Fever Dengue, 262 Yellow fever, 265 Further reading, 266 While the most important viral haemorrhagic tor (Aedes aegypti) as well as reinfestation of this fevers numerically (dengue and yellow fever) are insect into Central and South America (it was transmitted exclusively by arthropods, other largely eradicated in the 1960s). Other factors arboviral haemorrhagic fevers (Crimean– include intercontinental transport of car tyres Congo and Rift Valley fevers) can also be trans- containing Aedes albopictus eggs, overcrowding mitted directly by body fluids. A third group of of refugee and urban populations and increasing haemorrhagic fever viruses (Lassa, Ebola, Mar- human travel. In hyperendemic areas of Asia, burg) are only transmitted directly, and are not disease is seen mainly in children. transmitted by arthropods at all. The directly Aedes mosquitoes are ‘peri-domestic’: they transmissible viral haemorrhagic fevers are dis- breed in collections of fresh water around the cussed in Chapter 41. house (e.g. water storage jars).They feed on hu- mans (anthrophilic), mainly by day, and feed re- peatedly on different hosts (enhancing their role Dengue as vectors). Dengue virus is numerically the most important Clinical features arbovirus infecting humans, with an estimated Dengue virus may cause a non-specific febrile 100 million cases per year and 2.5 billion people illness or asymptomatic infection, especially in at risk.There are four serotypes of dengue virus, young children. However, there are two main transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and it is un- clinical dengue syndromes: dengue fever (DF) usual among arboviruses in that humans are the and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF).
    [Show full text]
  • Epinotes Disease Surveillance Newsletter
    June 2019 Florida Department of Health - Hillsborough County EpiNotes Disease Surveillance Newsletter Director Douglas Holt, MD 813.307.8008 Articles and Attachments Included This Month Medical Director (HIV/STD/EPI) Health Advisories and Alerts 1 Charurut Somboonwit, MD 813.307.8008 May 2019 Reportable Disease Summary 2 Medical Director (TB/Refugee) Florida Food Recalls 5 Beata Casanas, MD 813.307.8008 CDC Vaccine Schedules App for Healthcare Providers 5 Medical Director (Vaccine Outreach) County Influenza Report 6 Jamie P. Morano, MD, MPH CDC Health Advisory #420 7 813.307.8008 National HIV Testing Day 10 Community Health Director Leslene Gordon, PhD, RD, LD/N Candida auris Update 13 813.307.8015 x7107 Arboviral Clinician Letter and One Pagers 15 Disease Control Director Carlos Mercado, MBA Reportable Diseases/Conditions in Florida, Practitioner List 23 813.307.8015 x6321 FDOH, Practitioner Disease Report Form 24 Environmental Administrator Brian Miller, RS 813.307.8015 x5901 Health Advisories, News, and Alerts Epidemiology Michael Wiese, MPH, CPH 813.307.8010 Fax 813.276.2981 • CDC Health Advisory #420: Nationwide Shortage of Tuberculin Skin Test Antigens: CDC Recommendations for Patient Care and TO REPORT A DISEASE: Public Health Practice Epidemiology 813.307.8010 • CDC Travel Notices: • Global Measles Outbreak Notice - Measles is in many After Hours Emergency 813.307.8000 countries and outbreaks of the disease are occurring around the world. Before you travel internationally, regardless of HIV/AIDS Surveillance where you are going, make sure you are protected fully Erica Botting against measles. If you are not sure, see your healthcare 813.307.8011 provider at least one month before your scheduled departure.
    [Show full text]
  • Oklahoma Disease Reporting Manual
    Oklahoma Disease Reporting Manual List of Contributors Acute Disease Service Lauri Smithee, Chief Laurence Burnsed Anthony Lee Becky Coffman Renee Powell Amy Hill Jolianne Stone Christie McDonald Jeannie Williams HIV/STD Service Jan Fox, Chief Kristen Eberly Terrainia Harris Debbie Purton Janet Wilson Office of the State Epidemiologist Kristy Bradley, State Epidemiologist Public Health Laboratory Garry McKee, Chief Robin Botchlet John Murray Steve Johnson Table of Contents Contact Information Acronyms and Jargon Defined Purpose and Use of Disease Reporting Manual Oklahoma Disease Reporting Statutes and Rules Oklahoma Statute Title 63: Public Health and Safety Article 1: Administration Article 5: Prevention and Control of Disease Oklahoma Administrative Code Title 310: Oklahoma State Department of Health Chapter 515: Communicable Disease and Injury Reporting Chapter 555: Notification of Communicable Disease Risk Exposure Changes to the Communicable Disease and Injury Reporting Rules To Which State Should You Report a Case? Public Health Investigation and Disease Detection of Oklahoma (PHIDDO) Public Health Laboratory Oklahoma State Department of Health Laboratory Services Electronic Public Health Laboratory Requisition Disease Reporting Guidelines Quick Reference List of Reportable Infectious Diseases by Service Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Anthrax Arboviral Infection Bioterrorism – Suspected Disease Botulism Brucellosis Campylobacteriosis CD4 Cell Count < 500 Chlamydia trachomatis,
    [Show full text]
  • Yellow Fever
    Infectious Disease Epidemiology Section Office of Public Health, Louisiana Dept of Health & Hospitals 800-256-2748 (24 hr. number), (504) 568-8313 www.infectiousdisease.dhh.louisiana Yellow Fever Revised 06/03/2016 Yellow fever is caused by a Flavivirus (the family which includes dengue, West Nile, Saint Louis en- cephalitis and Japanese encephalitis) Epidemiology Yellow fever is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and other mosquitoes. It is naturally occurring in Africa and South America, but the anthroponotic (vector-borne person-to-person) transmission of the virus may oc- cur wherever a suitable vector is present (Figure). Figure: Yellow Fever Endemic Zones in Africa (left) and South America (right) In the southern United States where A. aegypti is present, epidemics of urban yellow fever occurred. Yel- low fever was transmitted by A. aegypti mosquitoes that are infected after feeding on viremic humans and then spread the infection in subsequent feeding attempts. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Louisiana Office of Public Health – Infectious Disease Epidemiology Section- Epidemiology Manual Page 1 of 5 Urban cycle The urban cycle involves human hosts and A.aegypti vector. For over 200 years it was a major killer in U.S. port cities (1,000 deaths in the last major epidemic in New Orleans in 1905). Elimination efforts un- dertaken in the early 1900s led to the complete elimination of yellow fever as an urban epidemic in the Americas in the 1930’s (the last urban American cases occurred in northeastern Brazil). This was one of the most successful eradication campaigns in public health. Sylvatic cycle The sylvatic cycle involves forest primates, principally monkeys and forest canopy mosquitoes.
    [Show full text]
  • Uživatel:Zef/Output18
    Uživatel:Zef/output18 < Uživatel:Zef rozřadit, rozdělit na více článků/poznávaček; Název !! Klinický obraz !! Choroba !! Autor Bárányho manévr; Bonnetův manévr; Brudzinského manévr; Fournierův manévr; Fromentův manévr; Heimlichův manévr; Jendrassikův manévr; Kernigův manévr; Lasčgueův manévr; Müllerův manévr; Scanzoniho manévr; Schoberův manévr; Stiborův manévr; Thomayerův manévr; Valsalvův manévr; Beckwithova známka; Sehrtova známka; Simonova známka; Svěšnikovova známka; Wydlerova známka; Antonovo znamení; Apleyovo znamení; Battleho znamení; Blumbergovo znamení; Böhlerovo znamení; Courvoisierovo znamení; Cullenovo znamení; Danceovo znamení; Delbetovo znamení; Ewartovo znamení; Forchheimerovo znamení; Gaussovo znamení; Goodellovo znamení; Grey-Turnerovo znamení; Griesingerovo znamení; Guddenovo znamení; Guistovo znamení; Gunnovo znamení; Hertogheovo znamení; Homansovo znamení; Kehrerovo znamení; Leserovo-Trélatovo znamení; Loewenbergerovo znamení; Minorovo znamení; Murphyho znamení; Nobleovo znamení; Payrovo znamení; Pembertonovo znamení; Pinsovo znamení; Pleniesovo znamení; Pléniesovo znamení; Prehnovo znamení; Rovsingovo znamení; Salusovo znamení; Sicardovo znamení; Stellwagovo znamení; Thomayerovo znamení; Wahlovo znamení; Wegnerovo znamení; Zohlenovo znamení; Brachtův hmat; Credého hmat; Dessaignes ; Esmarchův hmat; Fritschův hmat; Hamiltonův hmat; Hippokratův hmat; Kristellerův hmat; Leopoldovy hmat; Lepagův hmat; Pawlikovovy hmat; Riebemontův-; Zangmeisterův hmat; Leopoldovy hmaty; Pawlikovovy hmaty; Hamiltonův znak; Spaldingův znak;
    [Show full text]
  • Yellow Fever
    Yellow Fever travel history, i.e., travel to an area of South 1. Case Definition America or Africa endemic for yellow fever in 1.1 Laboratory-Confirmed Case: the past 14 days. Clinical illness* with laboratory confirmation of Note: The Manitoba Health Surveillance infection: Unit monitors naturally acquired yellow Isolation of yellow fever virus (non- fever disease only, not illness resulting vaccine strain) from yellow fever vaccination. Post- OR vaccination illnesses are captured by the Detection of yellow fever virus nucleic AEFI (Adverse Events Following acid in body fluids or tissue (non- Immunization) reporting. vaccine strain) OR 2. Reporting and Other A significant (i.e., fourfold or greater) Requirements rise in antibody titre (using the plaque reduction neutralization test) to the Laboratory: yellow fever virus in the absence of All positive laboratory results are yellow fever vaccination reportable to the Public Health OR Surveillance Unit (204-948-3044 A single elevated yellow fever virus secure fax). IgM antibody titre in the absence of Health Professional: yellow fever vaccination within the Probable (clinical) cases of yellow previous two months (1). fever are reportable to the Public Health Surveillance Unit by telephone 1.2 Probable Case: (204-788-6736) during regular hours Clinical illness* with laboratory evidence of (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.) AND by infection: secure fax (204-948-3044) on the A stable elevated antibody titre to same day that they are identified. yellow fever virus with no other known After hours telephone reporting is to cause the Medical Officer of Health on call at AND (204-788-8666).
    [Show full text]
  • Standard Treatment Protocol Book Part 1
    STANDARD TREATMENT PROTOCOL Public Health Department Government of Maharashtra Message There has been an increase in the expenditure on healthcare, especially in view of the growing rate of urbanisation and rise in the number of lifestyle diseases. Within the limited financial allocation in the Public Health Sector, health care services are needed to cater to majority of the population. This demands rational and efficient utilisation of the limited resources. Standard treatment protocols aim to ensure efficient utilisation of essential drugs to treat majority of population in a standardised manner. Thus, more people can be treated, limiting the wastage of resources over unstandardized treatment modalities. It also ensures that treatment quality & standards are followed. They serve as a guide for health care providers in deciding the best possible approaches for diagnosis, management and prevention of the health issues. I greatly appreciate the work done by the Public Health Department for coming up with the Standard Treatment Protocols for common health issues experienced by the people in the State. I hope that they help the care providers in rational use of treatment modalities and lay the standards for quality health services. M essage W orldwide more than 50% of all medicines are prescribed, dispensed or sold inappropriately, while 50% of patients fail to take them correctly. M oreover, about one-third of the world's population lacks access to essential medicines. In Public Health Care system, which caters to the majority of the population and given the constraint of availability of drugs and commodities, rational use of medicine in treatment and management of illness has attained even more significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Epinotes April 2018 Director Douglas Holt, MD 813.307.8008
    Florida Department of Health - Hillsborough County Disease Surveillance Newsletter EpiNotes April 2018 Director Douglas Holt, MD 813.307.8008 Medical Director (HIV/STD/EPI) Articles and Attachments Included This Month Charurut Somboonwit, MD 813.307.8008 Health Advisories and Alerts 1 Medical Director (TB/Refugee) Beata Casanas, MD Florida Food Recalls 2 813.307.8008 Vaccine Preventable Disease Update 2 Medical Director (Vaccine Outreach) Arboviral Testing Fact Sheet 3 Jamie P. Morano, MD, MPH Seasonal Influenza Update 4 813.307.8008 Reportable Disease Surveillance Data 5 Community Health Director Seasonal Arboviral Update 8 Leslene Gordon, PhD, RD, LD/N Reportable Diseases/Conditions in Florida, Practitioner List 15 813.307.8015 x7107 FDOH, Practitioner Disease Report Form 16 Disease Control Director Carlos Mercado, MBA 813.307.8015 x6321 Environmental Administrator Health Advisories and Alerts Brian Miller, RS 813.307.8015 x5901 FDA Update on Ongoing Investigation into Lead Epidemiology Michael Wiese, MPH, CPH Testing Issues 813.307.8010 Fax 813.276.2981 TO REPORT A DISEASE: Multistate Outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 Infections Epidemiology Linked to Chopped Romaine Lettuce: Information 813.307.8010 collected to date indicates that romaine lettuce from the After Hours Emergency Yuma, Arizona growing region could be contaminated with 813.307.8000 E. coli O157:H7 and could make people sick. At this time, no common grower, supplier, distributor, or brand has Food and Waterborne Illness Patrick Rodriguez been identified. Unless you can confirm the romaine 813.307.8015 x5944 Fax 813.272.7242 lettuce you have is not from the Yuma, AZ region, do not consume it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Blue Book: Guidelines for the Control of Infectious Diseases I
    The blue book: Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases i The blue book Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases ii The blue book: Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases Acknowledgements Disclaimer These guidelines have been developed These guidelines have been prepared by the Communicable Diseases Section, following consultation with experts in the Public Health Group. The Blue Book – field of infectious diseases and are based Guidelines for the control of infectious on information available at the time of diseases first edition (1996) was used as their preparation. the basis for this update. Practitioners should have regard to any We would like to acknowledge and thank information on these matters which may those who contributed to the become available subsequent to the development of the original guidelines preparation of these guidelines. including various past and present staff Neither the Department of Human of the Communicable Diseases Section. Services, Victoria, nor any person We would also like to acknowledge and associated with the preparation of these thank the following contributors for their guidelines accept any contractual, assistance: tortious or other liability whatsoever in A/Prof Heath Kelly, Victorian Infectious respect of their contents or any Diseases Reference Laboratory consequences arising from their use. Dr Noel Bennett, content editor While all advice and recommendations are made in good faith, neither the Dr Sally Murray, content editor Department of Human Services, Victoria, Ms Kerry Ann O’Grady, content editor nor any other person associated with the preparation of these guidelines accepts legal liability or responsibility for such advice or recommendations. Published by the Communicable Diseases Section Victorian Government Department of Human Services Melbourne Victoria May 2005 © Copyright State of Victoria, Department of Human Services 2005 This publication is copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Enteric Fever in Primary Care Abdulmaleek Idanesimhe Sado and Aduke Oluwambe Sado
    Chapter Enteric Fever in Primary Care Abdulmaleek Idanesimhe Sado and Aduke Oluwambe Sado Abstract Enteric fever is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi and paratyphi. It is endemic in many parts of Africa and South Asia where there is poor access to safe portable water and below par food quality assurance. It is important to ensure prompt recognition, diagnosis and management of symptoms to forestall complica- tions. Due to the rising global burden, significant effort has to be made to improve primary care services like vaccination, antimicrobial stewardship and encourage- ment of hygiene measures. Hence, it is imperative to be aware of its current burden and options available in primary care for its prevention and treatment. Keywords: Salmonella, enteric fever, typhoid, primary care, typhoid-conjugate vaccine 1. Introduction Typhoid fever (now more appropriately called Enteric fever) is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica and serovar typhi. It is mainly transmitted through the faeco-oral route via contaminated food, water and asymptomatic carriers [1]. It is endemic in developing countries and low- resource settings where hygiene and sanitation measures are subpar. In developed countries and high-income settings, it is less common but cases still occur in recent travellers to endemic areas [2]. There are a number of factors which contribute to the disease burden including lack of access to clean, portable water, poor food qual- ity control and lack of public health services (e.g well managed public latrine and hand washing facilities); all of which can be attributed to lack of awareness, low political will and sociocultural factors.
    [Show full text]