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The blue book: Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases i The blue book Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases ii The blue book: Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases Acknowledgements Disclaimer These guidelines have been developed These guidelines have been prepared by the Communicable Diseases Section, following consultation with experts in the Public Health Group. The Blue Book – field of infectious diseases and are based Guidelines for the control of infectious on information available at the time of diseases first edition (1996) was used as their preparation. the basis for this update. Practitioners should have regard to any We would like to acknowledge and thank information on these matters which may those who contributed to the become available subsequent to the development of the original guidelines preparation of these guidelines. including various past and present staff Neither the Department of Human of the Communicable Diseases Section. Services, Victoria, nor any person We would also like to acknowledge and associated with the preparation of these thank the following contributors for their guidelines accept any contractual, assistance: tortious or other liability whatsoever in A/Prof Heath Kelly, Victorian Infectious respect of their contents or any Diseases Reference Laboratory consequences arising from their use. Dr Noel Bennett, content editor While all advice and recommendations are made in good faith, neither the Dr Sally Murray, content editor Department of Human Services, Victoria, Ms Kerry Ann O’Grady, content editor nor any other person associated with the preparation of these guidelines accepts legal liability or responsibility for such advice or recommendations. Published by the Communicable Diseases Section Victorian Government Department of Human Services Melbourne Victoria May 2005 © Copyright State of Victoria, Department of Human Services 2005 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Authorised by the State Government of Victoria, 555 Collins St, Melbourne. Printed by This document may also be downloaded from the Department of Human Services web site at: www.health.vic.gov.au/ideas/bluebook The blue book: Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases iii Contents Acknowledgements ii Hepatitis C 79 Ringworm or tinea 181 Disclaimer ii Hepatitis D (delta hepatitis) 83 Ringworm (tinea) information sheet 183 Introduction 1 Hepatitis E 85 Ross River virus disease 185 Notification of infectious diseases 2 Herpes simplex infections 87 Rotaviral gastroenteritis 187 Abbreviations used 4 Human immunodeficiency Rubella (German measles) 189 Acute bacterial conjunctivitis 6 virus or acquired Salmonellosis 191 Amoebiasis 7 immunodeficiency syndrome 89 Scabies 193 Anthrax 8 Hydatid disease (echinococcosis) 93 Scabies information sheet 195 Ascariasis (round worm infection) 13 Impetigo (school sores) 95 Guide to scabies management Barmah Forest virus disease 15 Impetigo (school sores) in residential care facilities 197 Botulism 17 information sheet 97 Severe acute respiratory Brucellosis (undulant fever, Infectious mononucleosis syndrome (SARS) 199 Malta fever) 19 (glandular fever) 99 Shigellosis 207 Campylobacter infection 21 Influenza 101 Smallpox (variola) 209 Chickenpox or shingles Invasive pneumococcal disease 105 Staphylococcal infections 215 (varicella /herpes zoster) 23 Japanese encephalitis 107 Streptococcal disease Chlamydia (genital infection) 27 Kunjin virus disease 109 (Group A beta-haemolytic Chlamydophila pneumoniae 29 Legionellosis (Legionnaires’ streptococcus) 217 Cholera 31 disease) 111 Syphilis 219 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) 33 Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) 115 Taeniasis 223 Croup or bronchiolitis 37 Leptospirosis 117 Tetanus 225 Cryptococcal infection Listeriosis 119 Toxoplasmosis 227 (cryptococcosis) 39 Malaria 123 Typhoid and paratyphoid fever 229 Cryptosporidiosis 41 Measles (rubeola) 127 Verotoxin producing E. coli Cytomegalovirus infection 43 Melioidosis 131 (VTEC) 231 Dengue virus disease 45 Meningococcal disease 133 Viral gastroenteritis Diphtheria 47 Molluscum contagiosum 137 (not rotavirus) 233 Donovanosis 51 Molluscum contagiosum Viral haemorrhagic fevers 235 Erythema infectiosum (human information sheet 138 Yellow fever 239 parvovirus infection or Mumps 139 Appendix 1: Contacts 243 slapped cheek disease) 53 Murray Valley encephalitis virus 141 Appendix 2: Glossary 245 Slapped cheek infection Mycobacterial infections Appendix 3: Standard and information sheet for (non-tuberculosis) 145 additional precautions 247 pregnant women 55 Mycobacterial infections Appendix 4: Procedure for Slapped cheek infection (tuberculosis) 147 managing an exposure to information sheet 56 Mycobacterium ulcerans 151 blood/body fluids/ Food or water-borne illness 57 Pediculosis or head lice 153 substances 253 Common food or water-borne Pertussis (whooping cough) 155 Appendix 5: Procedure for pathogens 60 Pinworm infection (threadworm) 157 managing spills of blood Giardiasis 63 Plague 161 and body fluids/substances 257 Gonorrhoea 65 Poliomyelitis 163 Appendix 6: Cleaning and Haemophilus influenzae Psittacosis (ornithosis) 167 waste disposal procedures 259 infections 67 Psittacosis information sheet 169 Appendix 7: Infections in Hand, foot and mouth disease 69 Q fever 171 children’s services centres 263 Hand, foot and mouth disease Rabies and Australian bat Appendix 8: School exclusion information sheet 70 lyssavirus 174 table 265 Hendra and Nipah viruses 71 Rabies and Australian bat lyssavirus Hepatitis A 73 exposure information sheet 176 Hepatitis B 75 Rickettsial infections 179 iv The blue book: Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases The blue book: Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases 1 Introduction The blue book: guidelines for the control The first edition of The blue book: • Health Translations Directory, links to of infectious diseases has been published guidelines for the control of infectious health information that has been by the Communicable Diseases Section, diseases (1996) was used as the basis translated into various different languages, Public Health Group, Victorian for this second edition. As treatments www.healthtranslations.vic.gov.au Department of Human Services, to assist change over time health care workers • Victorian Department of Human public health practitioners in the should consult the current version of Services 1998, Guidelines for the prevention and control of infectious Therapeutic guidelines: antibiotic investigation of gastrointestinal illness, diseases. (Therapeutic Guidelines Limited) for up to http://www.health.vic.gov.au/ideas/ The Department of Human Services is date information. The blue book is not intended to replace appropriate referral Other sources committed to enhancing and protecting • Australian Government Department of the health and well-being of all or the need to seek further professional advice. Health and Ageing 2004, Infection Victorians. Our challenge, together with control guidelines for the prevention of public health practitioners, is to reduce References transmission of infectious diseases in community risk from communicable The following sources were used in the the health care setting, disease in Victoria through the preparation of the guidelines: http://www.icg.health.gov.au/ implementation of patient focused and population focused control strategies • Therapeutic Guidelines Limited 2003, • Centers for Disease Control and based on surveillance and risk Therapeutic guidelines – antibiotic, Prevention, Atlanta USA, www.cdc.gov assessment. version 12. • Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Information for each disease in this • Heymann D, 2004 Control of http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/ edition covers: communicable diseases manual, 18th • National Health and Medical Research edn, American Public Health • Victorian statutory requirement for Council 2003, The Australian Association (the 17th edition, Chin J notification and exclusion immunisation handbook, 8th edn, ed. 2000, was used in compiling The www.immunise.health.gov.au • infectious agent(s) blue book). • National Health and Medical Research • identification Further information Council 2001, Staying healthy in child • incubation period Together with the references above, the care, 3rd edn, Australian Government • public health significance and following resources provide further Department of Health and Aged Care, occurrence information. http://www.health.gov.au/nhmrc/ • reservoir Victorian Department of Human Services • mode of transmission Fact sheets, surveillance reports, • period of communicability Departmental policies and guidelines, • susceptibility and resistance and online ordering of resources can be • control measures for patients and accessed at contacts http://www.health.vic.gov.au/ideas/ • outbreak measures • Better Health Channel, information for the public, www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au • international measures if applicable • Clinicians Health Channel, • sources of further information if www.health.vic.gov.au/clinicians applicable 2 The blue book: Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases Notification of infectious diseases Notifiable infectious diseases are Group A diseases Group B diseases included in Schedule 3 of the Health Group A diseases require notification to Group B diseases require written (Infectious Diseases) Regulations 2001 the Department of Human Services by notification only within five days
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