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Fugle 2018-2019 Novana FUGLE 2018-2019 NOVANA Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi nr. 420 2021 AARHUS AU UNIVERSITET DCE – NATIONALT CENTER FOR MILJØ OG ENERGI [Tom side] 1 FUGLE 2018-2019 NOVANA Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi nr. 420 2021 Thomas Eske Holm Rasmus Due Nielsen Preben Clausen Thomas Bregnballe Kevin Kuhlmann Clausen Ib Krag Petersen Jacob Sterup Thorsten Johannes Skovbjerg Balsby Claus Lunde Pedersen Peter Mikkelsen Jesper Bladt Aarhus Universitet, Institut for Bioscience AARHUS AU UNIVERSITET DCE – NATIONALT CENTER FOR MILJØ OG ENERGI 2 Datablad Serietitel og nummer: Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi nr. 420 Titel: Fugle 2018-2019 Undertitel: NOVANA Forfatter(e): Thomas Eske Holm, Rasmus Due Nielsen, Preben Clausen, Thomas Bregnballe, Kevin Kuhlmann Clausen, Ib Krag Petersen, Jacob Sterup, Thorsten Johannes Skovbjerg Balsby, Claus Lunde Pedersen, Peter Mikkelsen & Jesper Bladt Institution(er): Aarhus Universitet, Institut for Bioscience Udgiver: Aarhus Universitet, DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi © URL: http://dce.au.dk Udgivelsesår: juni 2021 Redaktion afsluttet: juni 2020 Faglig kommentering: Henning Heldbjerg, gensidig blandt forfatterne, hvor diverse forfattere har kvalitetssikret afsnit om artgrupper blandt yngle- og/eller trækfugle, de ikke selv har bearbejdet og skrevet om. Kvalitetssikring, DCE: Jesper R. Fredshavn Ekstern kommentering: Miljøstyrelsen. Kommentarerne findes her: http://dce2.au.dk/pub/komm/SR420_komm.pdf Finansiel støtte: Miljøministeriet Bedes citeret: Holm, T.E., Nielsen, R.D., Clausen, P., Bregnballe. T., Clausen, K.K., Petersen, I.K., Sterup, J., Balsby, T.J.S., Pedersen, C.L., Mikkelsen, P. & Bladt, J. 2021. Fugle 2018-2019. NOVANA. Aarhus Universitet, DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, 350 s. - Videnskabelig rapport nr. 420. http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR420.pdf Gengivelse tilladt med tydelig kildeangivelse Sammenfatning: I denne rapport fremlægges resultaterne af overvågningen af fugle i NOVANA for årene 2018-2019. Endvidere beskrives langtidsudviklinger for overvintrende bestande af knopsvane, ænder og blishøne tilbage til 1960’erne og for gæs og gulnæbbede svaner til 1980’erne. For ynglende arter beskrives udviklingen for de fleste arter tilbage til NOVANA programmets start i 2004. Rapporten giver for fuglearter, der er omfattet af NOVANA-programmet, en opdateret dokumentation for de data der var grundlag for afrapporteringen af bestandsudviklinger i forbindelse med Artikel 12 afrapporteringen vedr. Fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivet i 2019. Den nationale overvågning har omfattet ynglefugle samt rastende og overvintrende fugle omfattet af Fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivet. I overvågningen har indgået et specielt program for Vadehavet i henhold til det Trilaterale Vadehavssamarbejde. Emneord: NOVANA, overvågning, fugleovervågning, Fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivet, Trilateralt Vadehavssamarbejde Layout: Grafisk Værksted, AU Silkeborg Foto forside: Knopsvaneflok fotograferet på flytælling i Bøgestrømmen nord for Nyord. I sommeren 2018 blev der talt knap 70.000 knopsvaner på de lavvandede vegetationsrige grunde i Danmark, der er det i særklasse vigtigste fældeområde for arten i Europa. Foto: Rasmus Due Nielsen. ISBN: 978-87-7156-394-8 ISSN (elektronisk): 2244-9981 Sideantal: 350 Internetversion: Rapporten er tilgængelig i elektronisk format (pdf) som http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR420.pdf Supplerende oplysninger: Denne udgave af rapporten er en computergenereret version af en mere læsevenlig internet-baseret afrapportering, som findes på adressen http://novana.au.dk/fugle/. Dette er 2. udgave af rapporten, der i forhold til 1. udgave er opdateret med resultater for flere ynglefuglearter samt for trækfuglenes vedkommende opdateret med trends for svømmeænder optalt i oktober. 3 Forord Denne rapport udgives af DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, Aarhus Universitet (DCE) som et led i den landsdækkende rapportering af det Nati- onale program for Overvågning af VAndmiljøet og NAturen (NOVANA). NOVANA er fjerde generation af nationale overvågningsprogrammer, som med udgangspunkt i Vandmiljøplanens Overvågningsprogram blev iværksat efteråret 1988. Nærværende rapport omfatter data til og med 2019. Bemærk at denne udgave af rapporten er en computergenereret version af en internet-baseret afrapportering, som findes på adressen http://no- vana.au.dk/fugle/. Hvis rapporten læses på internettet, er der mulighed for at se alle figurer og diagrammer i betydeligt bedre opløsning og størrelse samt udnytte indbyggede hyperlinks, der henviser til interne dele af rapporten samt eksterne referencer. Overvågningsprogrammet er målrettet mod at tilvejebringe det nødvendige dokumentations- og vidensgrundlag til at understøtte Danmarks overvåg- ningsbehov og -forpligtelser, bl.a. i forhold til en række EU-direktiver inden for natur- og miljøområdet. Programmet er løbende tilpasset overvågnings- behovene og omfatter overvågning af tilstand og udvikling i vandmiljøet og naturen, herunder den terrestriske natur og luftkvalitet. DCE har som en væsentlig opgave for Miljøministeriet at bidrage med forsk- ningsbaseret rådgivning til styrkelse af det faglige grundlag for miljøpolitiske prioriteringer og beslutninger. Som led heri forestår DCE med bidrag fra In- stitut for Bioscience og Institut for Miljøvidenskab, Aarhus Universitet den landsdækkende rapportering af overvågningsprogrammet inden for områ- derne ferske vande, marine områder, landovervågning, atmosfæren samt ar- ter og naturtyper. I overvågningsprogrammet er der en arbejds- og ansvarsdeling mellem fag- datacentrene og Miljøstyrelsen (MST). Fagdatacentret for grundvand er pla- ceret hos De Nationale Geologiske Undersøgelser for Danmark og Grønland (GEUS), fagdatacentret for punktkilder hos MST, mens fagdatacentrene for vandløb, søer, marine områder, landovervågning samt arter og naturtyper er placeret hos Institut for Bioscience, Aarhus Universitet og fagdatacentret for atmosfæren hos Institut for Miljøvidenskab, Aarhus Universitet. Denne rapport er udarbejdet af Fagdatacenter for Biodiversitet og Terrestrisk Natur. MST har haft mulighed for at kommentere på udkast til rapporten. Rapporten er baseret på data indsamlet af MST og DCE, suppleret med data indsamlet af Dansk Ornitologisk Forening (DOF). Data fra DOF er kvalitets- sikret af MST (Intensiv 2-overvågning af ynglefugle) og DCE (trækfugle). Dette har særligt fokus på data indsamlet i 2018 og 2019, men præsenterer også data for tidsserier der rækker tilbage til henholdsvis 1960’erne (overvint- rende knopsvane, ænder og blishøne) og 1980’erne (gæs og gulnæbbede sva- ner) og er som udgangspunkt en opdatering af tidligere års rapport om fug- leovervågningen med nye data. Den seneste rapport er Fugle 2012-2017 (Ni- elsen m.fl. (2019), der præsenterede grundlaget for Danmarks rapportering af fugle i medfør af fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivets artikel 12 er vist. Sidstnævnte er sammenfattet af Fredshavn m.fl. (2019). 4 Rapporten beskriver udviklingen i den overordnede tilstand, men forholder sig ikke til mål- og tilstandsvurderinger i henhold til fx EU-direktiver. Disse vurderinger vil fremgå af relevante Natura 2000-planer for fuglebeskyttelses- områderne, der udgives af MST. Konklusionerne i denne rapport sammenfat- tes med konklusionerne fra de øvrige fagdatacenter-rapporter i ’Vandmiljø og natur 2019’, som udgives i et samarbejde mellem DCE, GEUS og MST. ’Vandmiljø og natur 2019’ afventer, at der foreligger rapporter fra alle fag- datacentre, og da rapporten fra fagdatacenter for landovervågning, samt dele af rapporterne om søer, vandløb og marine områder afventer afklaring af pro- blemer med nedbørsmålinger og dermed mulighed for at opgøre den samlede stoftransport, vil ’Vandmiljø og natur 2019’ også afvente dette. 5 Sammenfatning Med igangsættelse af det Nationale program for Overvågning af VAndmiljø og NAtur (NOVANA) har Danmark fra 2004 fået en systematisk overvågning af de fugle, der udgør udpegningsgrundlaget for fuglebeskyttelsesområderne og er beskyttet i henhold til Fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivet. I henhold til dette direktiv og Habitatdirektivet er der udpeget et netværk af særlige beskyttel- sesområder, kaldet ”Natura 2000-områder” som rummer arter og naturtyper, herunder fugle, der har behov for beskyttelse inden for den Europæiske Union. For disse områder gælder det generelt, at de skal medvirke til at sikre den biologiske mangfoldighed både på nationalt og europæisk plan. Delprogrammet for overvågning af fuglearter i NOVANA har det primære formål at overvåge de enkelte arters udbredelse og bestandsstørrelse samt ud- viklingsretning for at tilvejebringe et fagligt grundlag for at vurdere de en- kelte arters bestandsudvikling både inden for og uden for fuglebeskyttelses- områderne og styrke den faglige baggrund for eventuelle foranstaltninger, der vurderes at ville kunne forbedre den enkelte arts status. Overvågningen af fugle er gennemført for perioden 2004-2019 og omfatter dels alle de regelmæssigt forekommende ynglefuglearter, som er optaget på Fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivets bilag I, dels alle de trækfuglearter, som ligeledes indgår i udpegningsgrundlaget for et eller flere fuglebeskyttelsesområder. Denne rapport præsenterer resultaterne af overvågningen foretaget i årene 2018-2019, som er sket under NOVANA. Artsgennemgangen præsenterer ar- ternes status, som den tegnes af det indsamlede overvågningsmateriale. Da Danmark i 2019 afrapporterede en database til EU-kommissionen i medfør af Fuglebeskyttelses-direktivets
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