Appendices to the Arctic Research Plan Development Workshop Report

January 19, 2021 Cover image by Rich Manalang/Unsplash January 19, 2021

Table of Contents Appendix 1: Workshop Logistics...... 4

Appendix 1a: Agenda...... 5 Appendix 1b: Code of Conduct...... 13 Appendix 1c: Participants...... 16 Appendix 1d: List of Workshop Organizers...... 19 Appendix 1e: List of IARPC Agencies...... 20

Appendix 2: Additional Communications...... 21

Appendix 2a: Email Communication for Workshop Participants Following Day 2...... 22 Appendix 2b: Consensus Research Priority Areas Following Day 2...... 24 Appendix 2c: Email Communication for Workshop Participants Following Day 3...... 26 Appendix 2d: Consensus Research Priority Areas Following Day 3...... 27 Appendix 2e: Email Communication for Workshop Participants Following Day 4...... 29 Appendix 2f: Post-Workshop September 2020 Newsletter...... 30

Appendix 3: Arctic Research Plan 2022-2026 Documents...... 33

Appendix 3a: Framework Infographic and Terminology...... 34 Appendix 3b: Initial Priority Research Areas...... 37 Appendix 3c: Priority Selection Criteria...... 40

Appendix 4: Background Plan-Related Documents...... 41

Appendix 4a: Background Paper on Policy Drivers...... 42 Appendix 4b: Background Paper on Equity and Inclusion...... 52 Appendix 4c: Introduction to and Overview of Strategic Document Syntheses...... 61 Appendix 4d: Federal Document Synthesis (existing public documents, 2015-2020).70 Appendix 4e: Northern Communities Document Synthesis...... 86 Appendix 4f: International Document Synthesis...... 106 Appendix 4g: State Document Synthesis...... 117 Appendix 4h: Federal Input Synthesis (Input provided by federal agencies through IARPC Staff Group, spring–summer 2020)...... 126

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Appendix 4i: Full List of Comments Received...... 129

Appendix 5: Background Big-Picture Documents...... 133

Appendix 5a: IARPC Overview...... 134 Appendix 5b: Principles for Conducting Research in the Arctic...... 141 Appendix 5c: Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021...... 145 Appendix 5d: Biennial Report 2019...... 146 Appendix 5e: IARPC Accomplishments in Northern Communities...... 160

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Appendix 1: Workshop Logistics a. Agenda b. Code of conduct c. Participants d. List of Workshop Organizers e. List of IARPC Agencies

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Appendix 1a: Agenda

Updated September 17, 2020

Arctic Research Plan Development Workshop September 14-17, 1:00 to 5:00 pm EDT (9:00 - 1:00 pm AKT)

Workshop Goal and Vision The aim of the workshop is to develop the priority research areas of the next Arctic Research Plan for consideration by the IARPC Principals. The Workshop Steering Group envisions a workshop which stimulates conversation, encourages idea generation, and promotes sustained engagement among a wide spectrum of partners that engage with the federal research enterprise in the Arctic.

Meeting Materials:

❖ Code of conduct ❖ IARPC research plan 2017-2021 ❖ IARPC biennial report 2019 ❖ Additional documents ❖ Facilitator Guide

Contacts:

IARPC Principals Tim Gallaudet, Gary Geernaert, C.J. Loria

Plan Development Nikoosh Carlo Director

IARPC Executive Director Larry Hinzman

Organizing Committee: Michael Falkowski, Colene Haffke, Martin Jeffries, Elizabeth Powers

Tech support: Kuba Grzeda ([email protected])

Facilitator: Marion Smith ([email protected])

Contact for Google Ann-Christine Zinkann ([email protected]) Folders:

Contacts for Agenda, Sara Bowden ([email protected]), Google Doc, Tech: Meredith LaValley ([email protected]), Hazel Shapiro ([email protected]), Ann-Christine Zinkann ([email protected])

Website Inquiries: Liz Weinberg ([email protected])

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Day 1 September, 14th 1:00 - 5:00 pm EDT (9:00 - 1:00 pm AKT)

Goal: Establish Context for Priority Research Areas

1:00 Welcome (Moderator: Larry Hinzman, OSTP; Nikoosh Carlo, IARPC) - Workshop welcome (Kelvin Droegemeier, OSTP) - Workshop purpose and goals (RDML Gallaudet, NOAA) - Code of conduct (Liz Weinberg, IARPC)

1:30 Tech intro (Kuba Grzeda, ARCUS)

1:45 Session 1: A successful way forward: Lessons learned from the 2017-2021 plan (Marion Smith) -Compile major strengths and drawbacks of the Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021 Time Focus in Breakout Rooms

1:50 - 2:15 What are the strengths and weaknesses of the current plan? See page 6 for breakout room and facilitator information

2:15 Break (30 min) Please do not exit the virtual meeting while on break Please self-select rooms for Session 2 by adding 1, 2, or 3 before your name e.g., 1_First_Lastname (1 - Inclusion & Equity; 2 - Sustained Engagement; 3 - Accessible and Transparent)

2:45 A potential framework for the 2022-2026 plan (Nikoosh Carlo)

3:05 Session 2: Overarching principles of the next Arctic Research Plan: Inclusion & Equity, Sustained Engagement, Transparency & Accessibility (Maija Lukin, NPS) Time Focus in Breakout Rooms

3:35 - 4:15 How do we successfully embed overarching principles in the new plan? See page 7 for room and facilitator information

4:15 Read-out (Rapporteurs)

4:45 Wrap up (Marion Smith) - Overview of Day 2 - Action item for Day 2: This priority list is what you created. Consider this and come prepared tomorrow to start reducing this list. Are there any areas missing?

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Day 2 September, 15th 1:00 - 5:00 pm EDT (9:00 - 1:00 pm AKT)

Goal: Define criteria and start step approach for selecting priority areas

1:00 Recap Day 1 & Goals for Day 2 (Marion Smith)

1:15 Overview of priority areas (Sorina Stalla; Larry Hinzman) - Presentation on the priority areas and group discussion

2:00 Criteria for narrowing priority areas (Simon Stephenson, NSF)

2:15 Session 3: First list of priority areas Goal: Reduce Priority Area List

Time Focus in Breakout Rooms

2:20 - 3:15 Consider priority areas from the perspective of the selection criteria See page 6 for room and facilitator information; breakout rooms will be randomized

3:15 Break (20 min) Please do not exit the virtual meeting while on break

3:35 Discussion: Lessons learned in Session 3 (Larry Hinzman; Nikoosh Carlo; Sorina Stalla)

4:30 Break (15 min) Please do not exit the virtual meeting while on break

4:45 Poll on priority areas (Marion Smith)

4:55 Wrap up (Marion Smith) - Overview of Day 3 - Action Item for Day 3: Think about the reduced list of priority areas and consider how to narrow the list further in light of the criteria.

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Day 3 September, 16th 1:00 - 5:00 pm EDT (9:00 - 1:00 pm AKT)

Goal: Refine and reach agreement on 3-5 priority areas

1:00 Recap Day 2 & Goals for Day 3 (Marion Smith)

1:15 Approach to selecting refined number of priority areas (Larry Hinzman) - Review of the process and goals

1:45 Session 4: Refining the priority areas Goal: Refining and clarifying the priority areas

Time Focus in Breakout Rooms

1:50 - 3:00 Identify 3-5 priority areas See page 6 for room and facilitator information; breakout rooms will be randomized

3:00 Break (20 min)

3:20 Plenary session: report back from the breakout rooms (Rapporteurs) - 3 minutes per group to report out discussions and share top 3-5 priority areas

4:05 Discussion & finalization of priority areas (Nikoosh Carlo)

4:50 Wrap up (Marion Smith) - Preview of Day 4 - Action Item for Day 4: Consider the list of priority areas in light of the overarching principles and implementation, what room for session 5? Fill out the Session 5 survey to choose top 3 priority areas for Day 4.

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Day 4 September, 17th 1:00 - 5:00 pm EDT (9:00 - 1:00 pm AKT)

Goal: A roadmap for an inclusion and equity implementation of priority areas

1:00 Set goals for Day 4 (Marion Smith) - Group picture

1:10 Introduction to implementing the priority research areas (Gary Geernaert, DOE)

1:30 Session 5: How will implementation work? Focus: Address questions on CT engagement

Time Room 1 Room 2 Room 3 Room 4 Room 5 Room 6

1:30 - Community Co-production Arctic Sustainable Risk Foundational 2:15 Resilience of Knowledge Systems Economies Manageme Activities and Health and Interactions and nt and Indigenous Livelihoods Hazard Led Research Mitigation

Break (30 min) Please do not exit the virtual meeting while on break

Time Room 1 Room 2 Room 3 Room 4 Room 5

2:45 - Community Co-production Arctic Systems Sustainable Risk Management 3:30 Resilience of Knowledge Interactions Economies and and Hazard and Health and Indigenous Livelihoods Mitigation Led Research See page 8 for room and facilitator information.

Question: How could existing and/or new or reconfigured collaboration teams support the priority areas? What types of sustained engagement are necessary for these tasks to be successful?

3:30 Break (10 min) Please do not exit the virtual meeting while on break

3:40 Panel discussion reviewing the outcomes (Moderator: Gary Geernaert) - Mellisa Johnson, Bering Sea Elders Group - Steve Masterman, State of Alaska - Jason Weale, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory - Beth Marino, Oregon State University -Raychelle Daniel, Pew

4:40 Next steps (Nikoosh Carlo & Simon Stephenson)

4:50 Thank yous (Larry Hinzman)

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Session Room Assignments

Session 1, 3, 4:

Room Facilitator Note Taker Number

1 Candace Nachman & Cheryl Rosa Alternate

2 Mike Falkowski Christine Mataya (9/14 & 9/15) Stacey Stoudt (9/16)

3 Renu Joseph (Sessions 1, 4.1, 4.2); Ann-Christine Zinkann Renee Crain (Session 3)

4 Elizabeth Powers Betsy Turner-Bogren

5 Martin Jeffries Sara Bowden

6 Maija Lukin Meredith LaValley

7 Larry Hinzman Hazel Shapiro

8 Nikoosh Carlo Liz Weinberg

9 John Pearce Katia Kontar

10 Roberto Delgado Sorina Stalla

11 Colene Haffke Kelley Uhlig

12 Simon Stephenson Lisa Sheffield Guy

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Session 2:

Room Number Facilitator Note Taker

1 Inclusion & Equity Candace Nachman Lisa Sheffield Guy

1 Inclusion & Equity Roberto Delgado Betsy Turner-Bogren

1 Inclusion & Equity John Pearce Sorina Stalla

1 Inclusion & Equity Nikoosh Carlo Katia Kontar

2 Sustained Engagement Martin Jeffries Sara Bowden

2 Sustained Engagement Maija Lukin Meredith LaValley

2 Sustained Engagement Mike Falkowski Christine Mataya

2 Sustained Engagement Cheryl Rosa Kelley Uhlig

3 Transparency & Renee Crain Elizabeth Powers Accessibility

3 Transparency & Larry Hinzman Hazel Shapiro Accessibility

3 Transparency & Simon Stephenson Colene Haffke Accessibility

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Session 5.1 and 5.2:

Time Room Priority Facilitator Note Taker # Area

1 PA 1 (CR&H) Candace Nachman Lisa Sheffield Guy

2 PA 1 (CR&H) Roberto Delgado Betsy Turner-Bogren

3 PA 2 (CPK) Simon Stephenson Sorina Stalla

4 PA 2 (CPK) Nikoosh Carlo Katia Kontar

5 PA 3 (ASI) Maija Lukin Meredith LaValley 1:30 - 2:15 6 PA 3 (ASI) Martin Jeffries Sara Bowden

7 PA 4 (Econ) Elizabeth Powers Kelley Uhlig

8 PA 4 (Econ) Cheryl Rosa John Pearce

9 PA 5 (Risk) Renee Crain Hazel Shapiro

10 Foundation Larry Hinzman Liz Weinberg

Break

1 PA 1 (CR&H) Simon Stephenson Lisa Sheffield Guy

2 PA 1 (CR&H) Maija Lukin Betsy Turner-Bogren

3 PA 2 (CPK) John Pearce Sara Bowden

4 PA 2 (CPK) Nikoosh Carlo Katia Kontar

5 PA 3 (ASI) Martin Jeffries Sorina Stalla 2:45 - 3:30 6 PA 3 (ASI) Candace Nachman Meredith LaValley

7 PA 4 (Econ) Mike Falkowski Roberto Delgado

8 PA 4 (Econ) Cheryl Rosa Liz Weinberg

9 PA (Risk) Elizabeth Powers Renee Crain

10 PA (Risk) Larry Hinzman Hazel Shapiro

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Appendix 1b: Code of Conduct IARPC PLAN DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP Code of Conduct September 2020

Statement of Intent As we come together to discuss priority research areas for the next Arctic Research Plan, we must remember to come with a willingness and open mind and foster good spirit so that we can create a sense of community – even online. We get out what we put in, and we invite all workshop participants to be intentional and thoughtful in their actions. IARPC is committed to providing a safe, productive, inclusive, and welcoming environment for all meeting participants and staff. Let’s weave our shared values into our actions: • Be open and welcoming • Support equity and inclusion • Foster good spirit • Embrace the joy, fun, and lightness in our important work • Create a sense of community • We get out what we put in • Tie our values into our actions • A holistic approach and remember all our relations Note: Participation in this meeting assumes that you consent to the main “room” of this meeting being recorded. Meeting organizers will be explicit when they are recording and sharing any meeting materials. Engagement Principles and Guidelines • Value a diversity of views and opinions. • Speak and listen without judgment. • Strive for inclusive, transparent, and open communication. • This is an opportunity to be curious – put aside assumptions • Share the air: we all have something to learn and something to share. If you notice yourself speaking frequently, give others the opportunity to contribute. • Be considerate, respectful, and collaborative in speaking and listening. 13 1 iarpccollaborations.org iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

• Don’t prioritize or value some knowledges or knowledge systems over others. • Meetings should take place in public spaces, not in private spaces. • Be aware of and address your place, intentions, power, and value to this space both as an individual and as a representative of a group or institution. • Respect your fellow participants by using good practices for intercultural collaborations. • Be respectful and aware of diverse experiences and histories – current relationships and collaboration are shaped by colonial histories. • The relationship between researchers and communities should be reciprocal rather than extractive. • Ask people, including Indigenous Knowledge Holders, for explicit permission to use stories, ideas, and information shared during this meeting or future collaborations. • Do not appropriate knowledge shared during this meeting or future collaborations. • Be accountable: When we fail to meet these guidelines, work together to identify problems and adjust our approach accordingly. Expected Behavior • Treat all participants with respect and consideration. • Value a diversity of views and opinions. • Be considerate, respectful, and collaborative. • Critique ideas rather than individuals; avoid personal attacks. • Acknowledge the contributions of others. • Do not knowingly make false or misleading statements or engage in activities that could be viewed as offensive or defamatory to a workshop participant or organization. • Be mindful of your fellow participants and meeting etiquette. Respect scheduling and direction from meeting organizers and facilitators. • Alert IARPC Secretariat members if you notice a dangerous situation or someone in distress. If you feel uncomfortable reaching out to Secretariat members, you may appoint an ally to reach out on your behalf • Report any concerns regarding the workshop or participant statements or behaviors directly to IARPC Secretariat members.

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Unacceptable Behavior • Harassment, intimidation, or discrimination of any form • Abuse (verbal or written) of any participant, including intentional use of incorrect pronouns. • Use of social or mainstream media to target individual actions of workshop participants in a way that could harm their privacy and/or reputation. • Disruptions of workshop sessions. • Additional examples of unacceptable behavior include, but are not limited to: • Verbal comments related to gender or gender identity, sexual orientation, disability, physical appearance, body size, race, religion, national origin. • Inappropriate use of nudity and/or sexual images. • Threatening or stalking any attendee, speaker, staff member, or other meeting guest. Working Together for a Successful Meeting Not following this Code of Conduct can include removal from this workshop or from the IARPC Collaborations community. IARPC is still working on a process for reporting, enforcement, consequences, and response. We haven’t finished that work yet, but it is also important that all attendees feel safe and supported. All should be empowered to find an ally that they trust so nobody is left to deal with issues alone. We hope that you feel free to reach out to IARPC leadership with any comments or concerns. • The IARPC Executive Director is Larry Hinzman, [email protected] • The IARPC Executive Secretary is Sara Bowden, [email protected] • The IARPC Plan Development Director is Nikoosh Carlo, [email protected] • The Executive Director of the Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S. is Helen Wiggins, [email protected] This Code of Conduct is built off and modeled on the ASSW2020 Code of Conduct, who further acknowledges that that code is built off and modeled on the American Geophysical Union Meeting Code of Conduct, the ArcticNet Meeting and Conference Code of Conduct, the SEARCH Arctic Futures 2050 Conference Code of Conduct, the SACNAS 2019 Code of Conduct, Kūlana Noi‘i, the First Alaskans Institute’s Our Agreements, Kawerak New Teachers Guidelines, and the UCAR/NCAR Rising Voices Participant Code of Conduct. Sincere thanks to those who put hard work, thought, and intentionality into those documents! If you have suggestions for changes or additions for future meetings, please contact Liz Weinberg at [email protected].

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Appendix 1c: Participants

Workshop Participants Updated Sept 15, 2020

Representing Academic Institutions

Church Kee Arctic Domain Awareness Center [email protected] Matthew Druckenmiller International Arctic Science Council [email protected] Marika Holland National Center for Atmospheric Research [email protected] Beth Marino Oregon State University [email protected] Shelby Anderson Portland State University [email protected] Amina Schartup Scripps Research Institute [email protected] Davin Holen Alaska Sea Grant [email protected] Brendan Kelley Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) [email protected] David Cairns Texas A&M [email protected] Matt Calhoun University of Alaska Anchorage [email protected] University of Alaska Fairbanks / Center for Alaska Native Charlene Aqpik Apok Health Research [email protected] Courtney Carothers University of Alaska Fairbanks [email protected] Gwen Holdmann University of Alaska Fairbanks [email protected] Hajo Eicken University of Alaska Fairbanks [email protected] Jessica Black University of Alaska Fairbanks [email protected] Jackie Richter-Menge University of Alaska Fairbanks [email protected] Margaret Rudolf University of Alaska Fairbanks [email protected] Scott Rupp University of Alaska Fairbanks [email protected] Stacy Rasmus University of Alaska Fairbanks [email protected] Noor Johnson University of Colorado Boulder [email protected] Kyle Kwiatkowski University of New Hampshire [email protected] Larry Hamilton University of New Hampshire [email protected]

Representing IARPC Collaboration Teams

Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Gijs de Boer Sciences (CIRES); Atmosphere Collaboration Team [email protected] National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency; Arctic Data Sub- Mike Brady Team [email protected] Sandy Starkweather CIRES; Arctic Observing Systems Sub-Team [email protected] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Amy Holman Coastal Resilience Collaboration Team [email protected] Candace Nachman NOAA; Environmental Intelligence Collaboration Team [email protected] US Geological Survey (USGS); Glaciers & Sea Level Caitlyn Florentine Collaboration Team [email protected] National Institutes of Health; Health & Well-Being Dottie Castille Collaboration Team [email protected] University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science; Jackie Grebmeier Marine Ecosystems Collaboration Team [email protected] Richard Cullather University of Maryland; Modeling Sub-Team [email protected] Miriam Jones USGS; Permafrost Collaboration Team [email protected] Los Alamos National Lab; Physical Oceanography Self- Wilbert Weijer Forming Team [email protected] Janet Intrieri NOAA; Sea Ice Collaboration Team [email protected] Jeremy Littell USGS; Terrestrial Ecosystems Collaboration Team [email protected] Kelsey Aho US Department of Agriculture: Early Career Scientist Forum [email protected]

Representing Federal Agencies

Cathy Coon Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) [email protected] Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Jason Weale (CRREL) [email protected] Martin Jeffries CRREL [email protected] 16 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

Jocelyn Fenton Denali Commission [email protected] Lilian Alessa Department of Defense [email protected] Gary Geernaert Department of Energy [email protected] Renu Joseph Department of Energy [email protected] Cathy Wilson Department of Energy/Los Alamos National Lab [email protected] Sean Moon Department of Homeland Security [email protected] Meredith Rubin Department of State [email protected] Alyson Azzara Department of Transportation [email protected] Nikoosh Carlo Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee [email protected] Tami Fordham Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [email protected] Neverly Wake EPA [email protected] Mike Falkowski National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [email protected] Joe MacGregor NASA [email protected] David Allen National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [email protected] Kaja Brix NOAA [email protected] Monique Baskin NOAA [email protected] Robert Foy NOAA [email protected] Tim Gallaudet NOAA [email protected] Don Moore NOAA [email protected] Maija Lukin National Park Service [email protected] Colene Haffke National Science Foundation (NSF) [email protected] Colleen Strawhacker NSF [email protected] Roberto Delgado NSF [email protected] Katia Kontar NSF [email protected] Simon Stephenson NSF [email protected] Renee Crain NSF [email protected] Larry Hinzman Office of Science and Technology Policy [email protected] Bill Fitzhugh Smithsonian Institution [email protected] Cheryl Rosa US Arctic Research Commission (USARC) [email protected] John Farrell USARC [email protected] Mike Kuperberg US Global Change Research Program [email protected] CJ Loria US Geological Survey (USGS) [email protected] Elizabeth Powers USGS [email protected] John Pearce USGS [email protected] Nichole Herman Mercer USGS [email protected]

Representing Private Sector, Non-Profit, and Indigenous Organizations

Sheyna Wisdom Fairweather [email protected] Liz Cravalho NANA [email protected] Kaare Erickson Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation (UIC) [email protected] Taqulik Hepa North Slope Borough [email protected] Nicole Kanayurak North Slope Borough [email protected] Pam Lloyd Arctic Economic Council [email protected] Helen Wiggins Arctic Research Consortium of the United States [email protected] Andre Petrov International Arctic Social Science Association [email protected] Mike Sfraga Wilson Center [email protected] Vera Metcalf Alaska Eskimo Walrus Commission [email protected] Alex Taitt Anchorage Museum [email protected] Jackie Qatalina Schaeffer Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium [email protected] Lauren Divine Aleut Community of Saint Paul Island [email protected] Liza Mack Aleut International Association [email protected] Jennifer Hooper Association of Village Council Presidents [email protected] Mellisa Johnson Bering Sea Elders Group [email protected]

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Julie Raymond-Yakobian Kawerak [email protected] Danielle Dickson North Pacific Research Board [email protected] Danielle Stickman Alaska Conservation Foundation [email protected] Henry Huntington Ocean Conservancy [email protected] Raychelle Daniel Pew [email protected]

Representing the State of Alaska

Steve Masterman State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources [email protected] Sally Russell-Cox State of Alaska Division of Community and Regional Affairs [email protected] Denise Koch State of Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation [email protected] Dani Evenson State of Alaska Department of Fish and Game [email protected] Jacquelyn Overbeck State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources [email protected]

Staff

Sara Bowden IARPC [email protected] Meredith LaValley IARPC [email protected] Hazel Shapiro IARPC [email protected] Sorina Stalla IARPC [email protected] Liz Weinberg IARPC [email protected] Kuba Grzeda ARCUS [email protected] Christine Mataya NASA [email protected] Stacey Stoudt ARCUS [email protected] Betsy Turner-Bogren ARCUS [email protected] Ann Zinkann NOAA [email protected] Marion Smith Workshop Facilitator [email protected]

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Appendix 1d: List of Workshop Organizers Plan Development Steering Group See the IARPC website for more information. Kaja Brix*, NOAA Nikoosh Carlo†*, Plan Development Director, IARPC Roberto Delgado*, NSF Michael Falkowski†, NASA Colene Haffke†, NSF Larry Hinzman†*, Office of Science and Technology Policy Martin Jeffries†, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, DOD Renu Joseph*, DOE Maija Katak Lukin*, National Park Service, DOI Candace Nachman*, National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration, DOC John Pearce*, US Geological Survey, DOI Elizabeth Powers†*, US Geological Survey, DOI Jackie Richter-Menge†, US Arctic Research Commission Cheryl Rosa†*, US Arctic Research Commission Sorina Stalla, Plan Analyst and Writer, IARPC Simon Stephenson, Chair, Plan Development Steering Group, NSF †Workshop Steering Group Member *Engagement Committee Member IARPC Secretariat Members Sara Bowden Nikoosh Carlo Larry Hinzman Meredith LaValley Hazel Shapiro Sorina Stalla Liz Weinberg Ann-Christine Zinkann

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Appendix 1e: List of IARPC Agencies Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce (DOC) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Department of Defense (DOD) Cold Region Research and Engineering Lab (CRREL) Office of Naval Research (ONR) Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Department of Homeland Security (DHS) U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Department of Interior (DOI) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Bureau of Land Management (BLM) U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Park Service (NPS) Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Department of State (DOS) Department of Transportation (DOT) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Marine Mammal Commission (MMC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Science Foundation (NSF) (Chair) Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Smithsonian Institution (SI) U.S. Arctic Research Commission (USARC) (ex officio) 20 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

Appendix 2: Additional Communications a. Email Communication for Workshop Participants Following Day 2 b. Consensus Research Priority Areas Following Day 2 c. Email Communication for Workshop Participants Following Day 3 d. Consensus Research Priority Areas Following Day 3 e. Email Communication for Workshop Participants Following Day 4 f. Post-Workshop September 2020 Newsletter

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Appendix 2a: Email Communication for Workshop Participants Following Day 2 From: Larry Hinzman, OSTP and Nikoosh Carlo, IARPC To: Workshop Participants Date: Tue, Sep 15, 2020 Subject: Consolidation of Research Priorities - Day 2 of the Arctic Research Plan Development Workshop Dear Colleagues, Thanks for your wonderful engagement today in the Arctic Research Plan Development Workshop. We are very pleased with the way the discussions have gone in the last two days and the constructive comments and suggestions that you all have shared. I sincerely believe we are in a good place now and on a good trajectory to reach a consensus on the recommendations that will be forwarded to the IARPC Principals. Based upon the discussion today, the Plan Development Steering Group has decided that there needs to be a new approach taken tomorrow. Using the feedback from the breakout groups today, there will be a smaller number of priority areas presented tomorrow. We’ll have one more breakout room for further discussion, report outs from those groups, and a discussion that we hope will lead to a consensus. The plan at this point is to have only one breakout group session, not two as originally planned. Attached is the revised agenda. Facilitators and notetakers, under session 4 on day 3 you will find the link to your template for the breakout room. By the time we go to breakout rooms, the template will be updated to include the smaller list of priority areas. We compiled a tremendous amount of great input today, so thank you all for that. After the close of the meeting, six of us reviewed all of the comments in the break-out groups, all of the comments in the chat box, all of the comments offered verbally, and all of the documents and messages sent to us via e-mail. It took over three hours for six of us to synthesize all of this information, but we tried to elicit the coherence in all this information, and I hope we have achieved that goal. I will admit up front that there was a wide-range in opinions but we did our best to draw out the agreement on the priorities and to coalesce the priorities into generally accepted themes. Please see the attached revised list of priority areas. There are now 8 general priority areas, followed by the 6 foundational activities. These priority areas are not listed in any order and the numbers are there to help reference during discussion. We have done our very best to be receptive to your suggestions and hope that we adequately captured your intent. We will discuss these further tomorrow (see the attached agenda), so there is still opportunity for additional development. Our goal tomorrow is to narrow this list further to 3-5 priority areas. As you consider this consolidated list, please remember our criteria for selection and our purpose. We need a solid plan that will guide federal agencies in 22 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021 their investments of time, energy and resources. Thanks and see you tomorrow! Larry, Nikoosh and the whole Plan Development Team

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Appendix 2b: Consensus Research Priority Areas Following Day 2 Research Priority Areas: 1. Arctic Systems Change a. Atmospheric Processes b. Oceanic Processes c. Permafrost Controls on Ecosystem and Climatic Processes d. Ecosystems e. Land and Sea Ice f. Global Linkages g. Predictability 2. Community Health, Community Resilience and Cultural Connectivity, Relocation a. Wildfire b. Sustainable Economies 3. Sustainable Economies a. Emissions and Pollutants b. Energy/Natural Resource Development and Shipping c. Water and Food Security d. Socio-Ecological Systems 4. Energy, Building, Communications, and Transportation Infrastructure a. Permafrost 5. Co-Production of Knowledge and Indigenous-Led Research a. Community Resilience 6. Water and Food Security/Socio-Ecological Systems a. Cultural Connectivity b. Community Health, Community Resilience c. Ecosystem and Species Dynamics 7. Risk Management and Hazard Mitigation a. Wildfire b. River and Coastal Erosion and Community Relocation c. Geography and Mapping 24 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

8. National Security and Defense a. Food and Water Security b. Environmental Security Foundational Activities: 1. Data Management 2. Education 3. Monitoring, Observing, Modeling 4. Technology 5. Indigenous-Led Research 6. Predictability

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Appendix 2c: Email Communication for Workshop Participants Following Day 3 From: Larry Hinzman, OSTP and Nikoosh Carlo, IARPC To: Workshop Participants Date: Wed, Sep 16, 2020 Subject: Consolidation of Research Priorities - Day 3 of the Arctic Research Plan Development Workshop Dear Workshop Participants: Thank you for your continued participation in the workshop and support of the priority identification process. I have been so impressed with your dedication and stamina. We have made enormous progress. This afternoon and evening a small group of IARPC staff reviewed the chat box and the plenary room discussion, and I’m pleased to say there really is quite a bit of convergence around 5 priority research areas and 4 foundational activities. The attached document includes a summary of these areas. We hope that you agree that these really rose to the top of most breakout room discussions. We will begin the day tomorrow with a quick discussion of these areas and then move to breakout rooms to further refine them in light of implementation. As Simon said earlier today, we believe the discussions around implementation will inform these priority areas in a significant way. I want to acknowledge that there was robust discussion around a number of other important topics in the chat box today that we were unable to address as fully as we would like in the time that we have for this workshop. There are issues around tribal consultation and sovereignty that we are committed to addressing. Please bear with us as we conclude the important work at hand for this workshop so that we can come back to these other issues and have meaningful deliberations. We look forward to seeing you all again tomorrow and discussing the priority research areas, implementation, and next steps. Best Regards, Larry and Nikoosh

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Appendix 2d: Consensus Research Priority Areas Following Day 3 Research Priority Areas: 1. Community Resilience and Health a. Water and Food Security b. One Health c. Community Security d. Cultural Connectivity 2. Co-Production of Knowledge and Indigenous-Led Research a. Research/collaboration infrastructure & relationship-building b. Capacity development for communities and agencies c. Work to define Co-Production of Knowledge and create common understandign around it d. Better understanding of how Co-Production of Knowledge activities relate to other activities 3. Arctic Systems Interactions a. Atmospheric Processes b. Oceanic Processes c. Socio-Ecological Systems d. Permafrost Controls on Ecosystem and Climatic Processes e. Ecosystem and Species Dynamics f. Land and Sea Ice g. Global Linkages 4. Sustainable Economies and Livelihoods a. Emissions and Pollutants b. Infrastructure (transportation, communication, energy, and construction) c. Natural Resource Development d. Shipping 5. Risk Management and Hazard Mitigation a. Wildfire b. River and Coastal Erosion

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c. Community Relocation d. Extreme Events Foundational Activities: 1. Data Management 2. Education 3. Monitoring, Observing, Modeling, and Predictability 4. Technology

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Appendix 2e: Email Communication for Workshop Participants Following Day 4 From: Larry Hinzman, OSTP and Nikoosh Carlo, IARPC To: Workshop Participants Date: Thurs, Sep 17, 2020 Subject: Thank you for your wonderful engagement - Day 4 of the Arctic Research Plan Development Workshop To IARPC Workshop Participants and Our Terrific Staff, We would like to thank you for your active and sustained participation in the IARPC Plan Development Workshop held over the last four days. This assembly provided a wealth of knowledge and expertise from across the spectrum of knowledge systems and we are humbled by your commitment to this process. We are in a good place to move forward as we continue the development of the next Arctic Research Plan and we promise to keep you informed of activities and hope for your continued engagement. All virtual workshops are a learning process, so we invite you to fill out the survey for the workshop so that we can continue to mature our practices. Hot links usually won’t work from a White House e-mail address, so you will probably need to copy and paste this link: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScoRW-Sd6TPjHu5A67JZuhHz9KpfYtX4Ejn2pf MvASYTQ1AlA/viewform If there are < or > at the beginning or end, please delete those. IARPC exists to serve you, our state and federal agencies, and the communities you represent. We are hopeful and optimistic that this plan will continue to foster collaborations and partnerships and enable continuation of the great accomplishments achieved in the past 10 years. Thank you again for all of your contributions and enjoy your weekend. Larry and Nikoosh

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Appendix 2f: Post-Workshop September 2020 Newsletter

View this email in your browser

Welcome to the September 2020 update on the development of the next Arctic Research Plan 2022-2026.

The development of the plan is an e"ort led by the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC), which is required to develop and implement an Arctic Research Plan every #ve years. IARPC invites you to be part of the discussion to shape the next plan. Through this newsletter, IARPC will keep you informed about the plan process, upcoming events, and how you can discuss and engage with IARPC members, and others, on your thoughts for the next plan.

The IARPC Plan Development Workshop took place from September 14 to 17. During this four-day virtual meeting, IARPC convened over 100 participants representing academic institutions, federal agencies, Indigenous organizations, state of Alaska agencies, private sector organizations, non-pro#t institutions, and IARPC collaboration teams. Participants worked collaboratively in a series of breakout groups and plenary sessions to identify #ve priority areas and four foundational activities for the next plan:

Priority Areas:

1. Community Resilience and Health 2. Co-Production of Knowledge and Indigenous-Led Research 3. Arctic Systems Interactions 4. Sustainable Economies and Livelihoods

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5. Risk Management and Hazard Mitigation

Foundational Activities:

1. Data Management 2. Education 3. Monitoring, Observing, Modeling, and Predictability 4. Technology

These recommendations will be considered by the Plan Development Steering Group, IARPC Sta", and IARPC Principals. A workshop report will be drafted, reviewed by workshop participants, and disseminated as soon as possible. Slides and background materials from the workshop are available on the IARPC Collaborations website. Many thanks to all the participants and organizers for a productive and successful event.

In October, a draft plan framework – policy drivers, overarching principles, priority areas, and foundational activities – will be presented to the IARPC Principals for their consideration. Following approval of the plan outline, federal drafting teams will be established to write the plan, informed by both the workshop and the input received during the public input and engagement phase.

A #rst draft of the plan will be completed in early 2021. At that point, we will hold a public comment period from February to June 2021 that gives members of the public the opportunity to review and weigh in on the draft plan. For more information on how to stay up to date on the plan development and timeline, visit the IARPC plan development webpage.

Thank you again for your interest and engagement in the plan development process. Please feel free to reach out directly to me ([email protected]), or to the IARPC Secretariat ([email protected]) with questions or comments.

Sincerely, Nikoosh Carlo IARPC Plan Development Director

Upcoming Opportunities to Engage:

The Coastal Resilience Collaboration Team will continue to set aside a portion of its monthly meeting for plan development updates. Register for the next 31 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

meeting on October 7.

For privacy, the connection information is housed on the member side of IARPC Collaborations. IARPC Collaboration accounts are free and available to anyone who can contribute to Arctic research discussions and e!orts. If you would like to attend an event but do not have an account please email [email protected].

Arctic Research Plan 2022-2026 Informational Documents:

What is IARPC and What has IARPC Accomplished Flyer Past newsletters Fact sheet for current IARPC #ve-year plan 2017-2021 IARPC’s Work in Northern Communities Workshop documents

You are receiving this message because you have previously engaged with IARPC and/or requested additional information about our Arctic research efforts. If you do not wish to receive these updates, unsubscribe from this list. If you were forwarded this message and would like to receive the newsletter in the future, sign up here. You can also update your preferences.

More information about the Arctic Research Plan is available on our website.

Our mailing address is: IARPC 3535 College Rd Ste 101 Fairbanks, AK 99709-3722 USA

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Appendix 3: Arctic Research Plan 2022-2026 Documents a. Framework Infographic and Terminology b. Initial Priority Research Areas c. Priority Selection Criteria

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Appendix 3a: Framework Infographic and Terminology

Draft Framework Infographic The Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) is a federal interagency committee that works to enhance scientific monitoring and research on local, regional, and global environmental issues in the Arctic. IARPC is tasked with developing a coordinated Arctic Research Plan every five years. Efforts starting in late 2019 through mid-2021 seek to engage a broad range of partners to help identify the priority research areas and key ARCTIC components of the next plan. Together with guidance from the RESEARCH IARPC Principals and staff group and informed by the various non- federal input submitted to IARPC, the Plan Development Steering PLAN Group offers this example framework (see above) for discussion 2022-2026: and consideration by the workshop participants. FRAMEWORK This infographic is meant to convey some of the key elements that INFOGRAPHIC need to be included (e.g., policy drivers, collaboration teams, etc.) and draw attention to specific places that need greater discussion EXAMPLE FOR (mainly, priority research areas and overarching principles). Offered DISCUSSION as a jumping-off point, the infographic should not be viewed as any sort of final product. August 2020

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Policy drivers (infographic left side): Over the last 50 years the national interests and objectives in the U.S. Arctic have remained remarkably stable. Three of the policy drivers draw on this long history of the Arctic as a national priority: enhance the well-being of Arctic residents; advance stewardship of the Arctic environment; strengthen national and regional security. In the last 20 years, understanding of the Arctic as a component of planet Earth has emerged as an additional policy driver. These four policy drivers continue to be relevant to today’s needs. Priority research areas (center, outer circle): We have received guidance from the IARPC Principals that we need fewer focus areas (9 research goals is too many). The next plan should identify a limited number (3-5) of crosscutting priority areas where federal cooperation and coordination could make a significant impact. Toward this end, the workshop is focusing on identifying a small list of potential priority research areas. Convergence (center, inner circle): The very central circle highlights convergence from people to ideas. Convergence research is driven by a specific and compelling problem and relies on deep integration across disciplines or multiple types of knowledge. See the National Science Foundation description of convergence research for reference. Collaboration teams (right side): The IARPC collaboration teams provide a platform for federal and non-federal interaction and they are key to implementing the current plan. How might the collaboration teams support a smaller number of priority areas for more cross-discipline collaboration? Overarching principles (bottom/top): The foundation of this effort are a few core principles that are essential to all the work that IARPC does, e.g., equity and inclusion; sustained engagement with northern communities; and transparency and accessibility.

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Terms in 2017-2021 Plan: Definitions and Use for 2022-2026 Plan Below are terms used in the Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021, how they have been interpreted and how we are migrating to new common terminology for the next plan. Arrows identify specific places where we are transitioning to updated terms. Policy Drivers: Issues of national importance requiring research to address. • There are currently four – these are a good foundation grounded in history and applicable to current national efforts. • Is there anything missing here? Drivers can be slightly modified, adjusted for context or added too if necessary.

Strategies → Overarching Principles: Criteria and guidance to keep in mind as agencies develop activities and implement projects. • The current plan has four strategies. We propose that the next plan consider “overarching principles” that provide a foundation for everything contained within the plan, e.g., equity and inclusion; sustained engagement with northern communities; transparency and accessibility. • The plan should in some way contain mechanisms and actions that support each of the overarching principles.

Research Goals → Priority Research Areas: A broad, crosscutting focus area for research progress that supports one or more of the policy drivers and meets the interests of more than one federal agency and engages multiple collaboration teams and other non-federal partners. • The current plan has nine research goals (one collaboration team focuses on each goal). • The next plan should identify a limited number (3-5) of crosscutting priority areas where federal cooperation and coordination could make a significant impact. • Priority area selection criteria from the federal perspective: respond to at least one policy driver; address mission priorities of two or more federal agencies; respond to non-federal and Arctic resident needs; and, be convergent and cut across multiple fields of research.

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Appendix 3b: Initial Priority Research Areas IARPC PLAN DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP Priority Research Areas Updated September 15, 2020

Priority Research Areas Identified in the Public Engagement Phase

Arctic Systems Science Research that includes quantitative systems-view science.

Atmospheric Processes Research, monitoring, and observations related to the atmosphere. This might include research on understanding the impacts of Arctic change on atmospheric composition.

Community Health Research on community health (including physical and mental health challenges). This might include increasing understanding of zoonotic diseases or understanding of the impacts of mental health surrounding environmental change

Community Resilience and Cultural Connectivity Research on community resilience (including natural and built environments). This might include research related to the history, cultures, languages, and well-being of Arctic residents and Indigenous Peoples.

Ecosystem Changes, Species Management, and Fisheries Research to better understand changes occurring across Arctic ecosystems and species. This might include research to better understand how wildlife is impacted by habitat changes.

Emissions and Pollutants Research on the sources, distribution, and impacts of emissions and pollutants. This might include research on the impacts of microplastic pollution in the Arctic Ocean.

Energy Development and Shipping Research on the potential for and impacts of development in the Arctic. This might include research on the impacts of increased shipping, resource extraction, and tourism.

Energy, Building, and Communications Infrastructure Research on both infrastructure needs and threats to infrastructure. This might include research to improve infrastructure resiliency in extreme environments.

High Latitude Systems and Global Linkages Research on high latitude systems and how these systems are connected with global systems. This might include increasing understanding on the impact of Arctic change on the eastern coast of North America.

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Priority Research Areas Identified in the Public Engagement Phase

Indigenous-Led Research Research that allows for: capacity building in Arctic communities, collaborative efforts to be truly collaborative from the ground up, data sovereignty, and community priorities and well-being to come to the fore.

Geography and Mapping Research that focuses on geospatial data and mapping to support community resilience, climate impact assessment and monitoring, infrastructure, and other needs.

Land and Sea Ice Research, monitoring, and observations on changes to land and sea ice. This might include research on the causes and consequences of changing ice conditions to improve predictions of sea ice cover.

National Security and Defense Research to support national security and defense. This might include research that supports Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR).

Oceanic Processes Research on oceanic processes. This might include increasing understanding on the impact of Arctic change on the eastern coast of North America.

Permafrost Controls on Ecosystem and Climatic Processes Research on permafrost composition and changes. This might include research on the structure and integrity of permafrost due to environmental and climatic changes.

Predictability Research that supports forecasting and predictability. This might include forecasting across daily, sub- seasonal, seasonal, and longer time scales, physical, biological or social system dynamics, or numerical weather prediction.

River and Coastal Erosion and Community Relocation Research on coastal and river erosion as well as impacts to communities. This might include research to better understand the current and future threats of riparian and coastal erosion and improve risk analysis and forecasting models.

Risk Management and Hazard Mitigation Research related to help inform hazard response and mitigation. This might include research on the environmental and health impacts of heavy fuel oil spills.

Socio-Ecological Systems Research that is focused on socio-ecological systems. This might include research that emphasizes social science data and research infrastructure and considers how to integrate all types of knowledge into data sets.

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Priority Research Areas Identified in the Public Engagement Phase

Sustainable Economies Research into economic efficiency, diversification, new opportunities, sustainable development, and supporting community wealth and well-being.

Water and Food Security Research that increases understanding of food and water safety, management, and security. This might include research to understand the migration and impacts of pathogens, contaminants, toxins and diseases in wildlife and food sources.

Wildfire Research on the causes and impacts of wildfire. This might include research that is aimed at assessing and investigating techniques and technologies to assist with wildland firefighting across the state of Alaska.

The list below identifies foundational activities that support all Arctic research and permeate across the above research areas.

Foundational Activities that Support All Arctic Research

Data Management Activities that improve data management and data sharing. This might include activities that promote proper data management according to the CARE and FAIR principles or agencies working together to make large data volumes distributed, connected, and useful.

Education Activities that integrate education with research activities.

Monitoring, Observation, and Modeling Activities that engage researchers in monitoring, observing, and modeling. This might include making information and data freely available to all.

Technology Activities that promote the adoption or adaptation of advanced technology in Arctic science.

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Appendix 3c: Priority Selection Criteria IARPC PLAN DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP Criteria for Selecting Arctic Research Plan Priority Research Areas Updated September 9, 2020

Criteria: Respond to at least one policy driver* Address missions of two or more federal agencies Respond to non-federal and Arctic resident needs Cut across multiple fields of research

When considering critical research priority areas, please also keep in mind these proposed overarching principles for the next Arctic Research Plan: Inclusion and Equity Sustained Engagement Transparency and Accessibility

*Policy drivers include: Enhance the well-being of Arctic residents (Well-Being); Advance stewardship of the Arctic environment (Stewardship); Strengthen national and regional security (Security); Improve understanding of the Arctic as a component of planet Earth (Arctic-Global Systems).

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Appendix 4: Background Plan-Related Documents a. Background Paper on Policy Drivers b. Background Paper on Equity and Inclusion c. Introduction to and Overview of Strategic Document Syntheses d. Federal Document Synthesis (existing public documents, 2015-2020) e. Northern Communities Document Synthesis f. International Document Synthesis g. State Document Synthesis h. Federal Input Synthesis (input provided by federal agencies through IARPC Staff Group, spring-summer 2020) i. Full List of Comments Received

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Appendix 4a: Background Paper on Policy Drivers

Photo: Sean Tevebaugh/NPS

Introduction and Background The United States, by virtue of Alaska, is an Arctic nation and has substantial political, socio-economic, and environmental interests in the region. National policy drivers reflect long-standing U.S. interests in the Arctic, and consequently serve as a foundation for the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) five- year Arctic Research Plan – a comprehensive plan for the overall interagency federal effort in Arctic research. ARCTIC The following four overarching policy drivers guided the inclusion of goals and the implementation of the current plan (2017-2021) and RESEARCH will help to guide the discussion of scope of the next plan FY 2022- PRIORITIES: 2026: ANALYSIS OF 1. Enhance the well-being of Arctic residents (Well-Being); NATIONAL 2. Advance stewardship of the Arctic environment (Stewardship); POLICY 3. Strengthen national and regional security (Security); and DRIVERS 4. Improve understanding of the Arctic as a component of planet Earth (Arctic-Global Systems). August 2020

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The policy drivers reflect the collective priorities of the IARPC federal agencies. These priorities are derived from the major U.S. policy documents of the past 50 years, including the following: • Richard Nixon’s 1971 National Security Decision Memorandum (NSDM-144); • Ronald Reagan’s 1983 National Security Decision Directive (NSDD-90); • Bill Clinton’s 1994 Presidential Decision Directive (PDD/NSC-26); • The 1984 Arctic Research and Policy Act (ARPA); • George Bush’s 2009 Arctic Policy Directive (NSPD 66/HSPD 25); • Barack Obama’s 2013 National Strategy for Arctic Region (NSAR) and the 2014 NSAR Implementation Plan; • Policy documents developed in 2015 and 2016 by the White House Arctic Executive Steering Committee; • Donald Trump’s 2018 National Ocean Policy (from Executive Order 13840); • The 2019 Presidential Memorandum on Ocean Mapping of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and the Shoreline and Nearshore of Alaska; • The 2020 Presidential Memorandum on Safeguarding U.S. National Interests in the Arctic and Antarctic Regions; • Biennial Arctic Science Ministerial joint statements (2016, 2018); and • Annual presidential memoranda on White House Research and Budgetary Priorities.

Analysis The goal of the analysis is to determine whether the four policy drivers, first used to guide the development and implementation of the current Arctic Research Plan FY2017-2021, maintain their alignment with the current national Arctic priorities. The analysis encompasses a review of the major U.S. policy documents relating to the Arctic between December 2016 (the release date of the current plan) and August 2020. Documents include presidential memoranda and executive orders, special committees’ reports, and other federal policy directives. The selection of documents is based on overall relevance to the Arctic region or national science and technology priorities and is limited to U.S. federal policies. A total of 12 documents with dates of release from August 2017 to June 2020 were analyzed (Appendix, Figure 1). Each document was searched for keywords relevant to the four policy drivers (Appendix, Figure 2).

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Enhance the Well-Being of Arctic Residents The Well-Being policy driver is addressed in 10 of the policy documents with an emphasis on the themes of cultural vibrancy, economic development and growth, and health. The theme of domestic and foreign economic development is addressed in eight policy documents, with emphasis on U.S. national, as well as foreign, interests in the Arctic region. Economic growth is mentioned in the context of ocean mapping and the nation’s overall research and development priorities. “American leadership in science and technology is critical to achieving this Administration’s highest priorities: national security, economic growth, and job creation.” (FY 2019 Administration Research and Development Budget Priorities) “The Arctic region has strategic and economic importance.” (Science & Technology Highlights in the Second Year of the Trump Administration)

Advance Stewardship of the Arctic Environment The Stewardship policy driver is addressed in six documents relevant to the U.S. national and foreign interests in the Arctic, with an emphasis on the marine environment and globally driven changes themes. The marine environment theme is addressed in the U.S. ocean priorities. The globally driven changes theme is also addressed in the oceans context, as well as in the national overall science and technology priorities and U.S. foreign policy priorities in the region. “To improve our Nation’s understanding of our vast ocean resources and to advance the economic, security, and environmental interests of the United States, it is the policy of the United States to support the conservation, management, and balanced use of America’s oceans by exploring, mapping, and characterizing the U.S. EEZ, including mapping the Arctic and Sub-Arctic shoreline and nearshore of Alaska.” (Memorandum on Ocean Mapping of the US EEZ & the Shoreline & Nearshore of Alaska) “The rapidly changing conditions in the Arctic have national security, commerce, and transportation implications...Departments and agencies should prioritize research investments that enhance our ability to observe, understand, and predict the physical, biological, and socio-economic processes of the Arctic to protect and advance American interests.” (2022 Administration Research and Development Budget Priorities and Cross- cutting Actions)

Strengthen National and Regional Security The Security policy driver is addressed in 11 documents relevant to the U.S. national and foreign interests in the Arctic, with an emphasis on the national and regional security, as well as risk management and emergency preparedness themes. The national and regional security policy themes are addressed in eight documents with relevance to the nation’s overall research, technology, and development interests, as well national security and American oceans mapping and research. 44 3 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

“To help protect our national interests in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, and to retain a strong Arctic security presence alongside our allies and partners, the United States requires a ready, capable, and available fleet of polar security icebreakers that is operationally tested and fully deployable by Fiscal Year 2029.” (Memorandum on Safeguarding National Interests in the Arctic & Antarctic Regions) The risk management and emergency preparedness policy themes are addressed in the context of ocean research and U.S. foreign research collaboration in the Arctic region. “The changing conditions of the Arctic...impact homeland and national security operations such as search and rescue, oil spill preparedness and response...Accurate operational forecasts of the environment...will be critical to safe and efficient operations (defense and commercial) in the Arctic.” (Science & Technology for America’s Oceans: A Decadal Vision)

Improve Understanding of the Arctic as a Component of Planet Earth The Arctic Global Systems policy driver is addressed in five documents relevant to the U.S. national and foreign interests in the Arctic, with an emphasis on how physical changes in the Arctic impact the lower latitudes (e.g., sea level and meteorological conditions). Existing and potential impact of the changes in the Arctic region on the lower latitudes are addressed in the nation’s overall science, technology, and development priorities, as well as in the context of the American oceans mapping and research and U.S. international science priorities in the region. “Arctic dynamics influence global geophysical and biochemical systems, including freshwater storage and export, ocean-ice-atmospheric interactions, weather and climate dynamics, primary production, and the ocean’s response to acidification, while also shaping human activities in the region.” (Science & Technology for America’s Oceans: A Decadal Vision) “Changes in the Arctic are driven by environmental, climatic, social and economic factors that are local, regional and global. Feedback from the Arctic climatic system, in turn, has global repercussions affecting the environment, people and economies worldwide... The complexity of regional and global impacts of a warming Arctic and of associated ecosystem changes regarding land, freshwater and oceans have not yet been fully assessed and quantified. Understanding and responding to this challenge requires joint efforts by the global community.”(2nd Arctic Science Ministerial – Joint Statement)

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Conclusions The analysis has revealed that the policy drivers – (1) enhance the well-being of Arctic residents, (2) advance stewardship of the Arctic environment, (3) strengthen national and regional security, and (4) improve understanding of the Arctic as a component of planet Earth – remain robust and are consistent with the prevalent federal considerations regarding the Arctic region. The strongest emphases fall on the economy and security policy themes. Current national priorities have emphasized the need to advance ocean mapping and research in the Arctic to help foster regional as well as national economic and homeland security. As of August 2020, the current Administration has not released any updated or new Arctic Policy Directives or National Strategy for the Arctic Region. Still, the U.S. national and foreign policy continues to have a strong emphasis on the Arctic region, which is evident from the array of national documents reviewed above. Moreover, the Arctic has been highlighted as one of the Administration’s budgetary research andf development priorities for the FY 2022. The White House has also taken an active role in shaping the course of Arctic research by signing a Joint Statement at the 2nd Arctic Science Ministerial in October 2018 and committing “to strengthening, integrating, and sustaining Arctic observations, facilitating access to Arctic data, and sharing Arctic research infrastructure; understanding the regional and global dynamics of Arctic change; and assessing the vulnerability and building resilience of Arctic environments and societies” (2nd Arctic Science Ministerial-Joint Statement).

This paper was prepared by Yekaterina Kontar on behalf of the IARPC Plan Development Steering Group.

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References Arctic Policy Directive (NSPD 66/HSPD 25), January 2009. www.hsdl.org/?view&did=750476 Arctic Research Plan FY 2017-2021. www.iarpccollaborations.org/uploads/cms/documents/iarpc_ arctic_research_plan_2017-2021.pdf Arctic Research Policy Act (ARPA) of 1984, As Amended. www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/arctic/iarpc/arc_ res_pol_act.jsp Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress (R41153), June 2020. www.crsreports. congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41153/165 Executive Order 13840 – Regarding the Ocean Policy to Advance the Economic, Security, and Environmental Interests of the United States, June 2018. www.whitehouse.gov/presidential- actions/executive-order-regarding-ocean-policy-advance-economic-security-environmental- interests-united-states/ Joint Statement of Ministers - On the occasion of the Second Arctic Science Ministerial. In: 2nd Arctic Science Ministerial, 25-26 October 2018, Berlin, Germany. www. arcticscienceministerial.org/files/ASM2_Joint_Statement.pdf Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee Biennial Report 2016-2017. www.whitehouse.gov/ wp-content/uploads/2018/03/IARPC-Biennial-Report-2016-2017.pdf Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies: FY 2019 Administration Research and Development Budget Priorities. www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/ files/omb/memoranda/2017/m-17-30.pdf Memorandum for the Heads of the Executive Departments and Agencies: FY 2020 Administration Research and Development Budget Priorities. www.whitehouse.gov/wp- content/uploads/2018/07/M-18-22.pdf Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies: Fiscal Year 2021 Administration Research and Development Budget Priorities. www.whitehouse.gov/wp- content/uploads/2019/08/FY-21-RD-Budget-Priorities.pdf Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies: Fiscal Year 2022 Administration Research and Development Budget Priorities and Cross-cutting Actions. www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/M-20-29.pdf Memorandum on Ocean Mapping of the United States Exclusive Economic Zone and the Shoreline and Nearshore of Alaska, November 2019. www.whitehouse.gov/presidential- actions/memorandum-ocean-mapping-united-states-exclusive-economic-zone-shoreline- nearshore-alaska/ Memorandum on Safeguarding U.S. National Interests in the Arctic and Antarctic Regions, June 2020. www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/memorandum-safeguarding-u-s-national- interests-arctic-antarctic-regions/

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National Science Foundation, FY 2021 Budget Request to Congress, February 10, 2020. www.nsf. gov/about/budget/fy2021/pdf/fy2021budget.pdf National Security Decision Directive 90 - United States Arctic Policy. www.reaganlibrary.gov/sites/ default/files/archives/reference/scanned-nsdds/nsdd90.pdf National Security Decision Memorandum 144 - United States Arctic Policy and Arctic Policy Group. www.hsdl.org/?view&did=750480 National Security Strategy of the United States of America, December 2017. www.whitehouse. gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf National Strategy for Arctic Region, May 2013. www.storage.googleapis.com/arcticgov-static/ publications/related/nat_arctic_strategy.pdf Ocean Science and Technology Highlights: Selected Projects from our Federal Agencies, June 2018. www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Ocean-Science-and-Technology- Highlights-Selected-Projects-From-Our-Federal-Agencies.pdf President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) June 2020 Report: Recommendations for Strengthening American Leadership in Industries of the Future. www.science.osti.gov/-/media/_/pdf/about/pcast/202006/PCAST_June_2020_Report.pdf Presidential Decision Directive/NSC 26 - United States Policy on the Arctic and Antarctic Regions. www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/pdd/pdd-26.pdf Science and Technology for America’s Oceans: A Decadal Vision, November 2018. www. whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Science-and-Technology-for-Americas- Oceans-A-Decadal-Vision.pdf Science & Technology Highlights in the First Year of the Trump Administration. www.whitehouse. gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Administration-2017-ST-Highlights.pdf Science & Technology Highlights in the Second Year of the Trump Administration. www. whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Administration-2018-ST-Highlights.pdf

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Appendix Table 1. List of analyzed documents.

Policy Document Date of Public Release Retrieved From FY 2019 Administration Research and August 17, 2017 www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse. Development Budget Priorities gov/files/ostp/fy2019-administration- research-development-budget-priorities. pdf National Security Strategy of the United December 2017 www.whitehouse.gov/wp- States of America content/uploads/2017/12/NSS- Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf IARPC Biennial Report 2016-2017 March 2018 www.iarpccollaborations.org/uploads/ cms/documents/iarpc-biennial- report-2016-2017.pdf Ocean Science and Technology Highlights: June 2018 www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/ selected Projects from Our Federal uploads/2018/06/Ocean-Science-and- Agencies Technology-Highlights-Selected-Projects- From-Our-Federal-Agencies.pdf FY 2020 Administration Research and July 31, 2018 www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/ Development Budget Priorities uploads/2018/07/M-18-22.pdf Arctic Science Ministerial II – Joint October 26, 2018 www.arcticscienceministerial.org/files/ Statement of Ministers ASM2_Joint_Statement.pdf Science and Technology for America’s November 2018 www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/ Oceans: A Decadal Vision uploads/2018/11/Science-and-Technology- for-Americas-Oceans-A-Decadal-Vision.pdf Science & Technology Highlights in the March 1, 2019 www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/ Second Year of the Trump Administration uploads/2019/02/Administration-2018-ST- Highlights.pdf Fiscal Year 2021 Administration Research August 30, 2019 www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/ and Development Budget Priorities uploads/2019/08/FY-21-RD-Budget- Priorities.pdf Presidential Memorandum on Ocean November 19, 2019 www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/ Mapping of the United States Exclusive memorandum-ocean-mapping-united- Economic Zone and the Shoreline and states-exclusive-economic-zone-shoreline- Nearshore of Alaska nearshore-alaska/ Presidential Memorandum on June 9, 2020 www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/ Safeguarding U.S. National Interests in the memorandum-safeguarding-u-s-national- Arctic and Antarctic Regions interests-arctic-antarctic-regions/ FY 2022 Administration Research and August 14, 2020 www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/ Development Budget Priorities and Cross- uploads/2020/08/M-20-29.pdf cutting Actions

49 8 iarpccollaborations.org 9 IARPC Biennial Report 2016-2017 FY 2022 Administration R&D Budget Priorities and Cross-cutting Actions FY 2020 Administration R&D Budget Priorities FY 2021 Administration R&D Budget Priorities IARPC Biennial Report 2016-2017 Memorandum on Ocean Mapping of the US EEZ & Shoreline Nearshore Alaska 2nd Arctic Science Ministerial – Joint Statement FY 2019 Administration R&D Budget Priorities FY 2021 Administration R&D Budget Priorities FY 2022 Administration R&D Budget Priorities and Cross-cutting Actions IARPC Biennial Report 2016-2017 Memorandum on Ocean mapping of the US EEZ & Shoreline Nearshore Alaska Memorandum on Safeguarding U.S. National Interests in the Arctic & Antarctic Regions S&T for America’s Oceans: A Decadal Vision, November 2018 S&T Highlights in the Second Year of Trump Administration IARPC Biennial Report 2016-2017 FY 2022 Administration R&D Budget Priorities and Cross-cutting Actions IARPC Biennial Report 2016-2017 FY 2022 Administration R&D Budget Priorities and Cross-cutting Actions National Security Strategy of the United States America, December 2017 FY 2022 Administration R&D Budget Priorities and Cross-cutting Actions IARPC Biennial Report 2016-2017 FY 2022 Administration R&D Budget Priorities and Cross-cutting Actions S&T for America’s Oceans: A Decadal Vision, November 2018 iarpccollaborations.org Wellness Energy Society, Lifestyle, Heritage 2nd Arctic Science Ministerial – Joint Statement Biosphere Well-Being Health Economy Resources Development Growth, Natural Resources, Culture Prosperity Vitality Stewardship Leadership, ManagementEnvironment Memorandum on Ocean Mapping of the US EEZ & Shoreline Nearshore Alaska Habitat, Nature. Ecosystem,

50 Well-Being Policy Driver Key Words Related Key Words Policy Documents, 2017-2020 Stewardship Table 2. References of the policy drivers outlined in the current Arctic Research Plan in the U.S. policy policy Plan in the U.S. Research Arctic outlined in the current drivers the policy of 2. References Table 2020. 2017- from documents 10 2nd Arctic Science Ministerial – Joint Statement FY 2021 Administration R&D Budget Priorities FY 2022 Administration R&D Budget Priorities and Cross-cutting Actions IARPC Biennial Report 2016-2017 S&T Highlights in the Second Year of Trump Administration FY 2019 Administration R&D Budget Priorities FY 2020 Administration R&D Budget Priorities FY 2021 Administration R&D Budget Priorities FY2022 Administration R&D Budget Priorities and Cross-cutting Actions IARPC Biennial Report 2016-2017 Memorandum on Ocean Mapping of the US EEZ & Shoreline Nearshore Alaska National Interests in the Arctic & Antarctic Regions National Security Strategy of the United States America, December 2017 S&T for America’s Oceans: A Decadal Vision, November 2018 2nd Arctic Science Ministerial – Joint Statement Ocean S&T Highlights, June 2018 Ocean S&T Highlights, June 2018 IARPC Biennial Report 2016-2017 FY2022 Administration R&D Budget Priorities and Cross-cutting Actions 2nd Arctic Science Ministerial – Joint Statement 2nd Arctic Science Ministerial – Joint Statement FY 2021 Administration R&D Budget Priorities IARPC Biennial Report 2016-2017 S&T for America’s Oceans: A Decadal Vision, November 2018 S&T Highlights in the Second Year of Trump Administration IARPC Biennial Report 2016-2017 IARPC Biennial Report 2016-2017 iarpccollaborations.org Adaptation Security, Safety Defense, Protection Emergency Response, Crisis, Disaster Risk Management, Reduction, Uncertainty, Vulnerability Climate, Temperature, Weather Systems Change Local ActionSecurity Community National Security, Regional Emergency Emergency Preparedness, Risk Prediction Forecasting Global System Planet, Earth WeatherSea Level Meteorological Conditions, Cryophere

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Appendix 4b: Background Paper on Equity and Inclusion

Photo: Kristine Sowl/USFWS

Discussions and planning around Arctic science1 provide an opportunity to improve equity and inclusion. In particular, the 2022- 2026 Arctic Research Plan may be a space in which to establish clear goals and metrics for supporting equity and inclusion in Arctic research. This paper seeks to provide definitions and examples of equity and inclusion in the context of the Arctic Research Plan. It synthesizes and strives to reflect a series of reports, articles, and other documents written by and in collaboration with Indigenous communities and Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) scientists to analyze and explain a path toward increased equity and EQUITY AND inclusion in Arctic science. INCLUSION Drawing from these sources, this paper describes some of the IN THE NEXT historical and ongoing roadblocks to equity and inclusion. To build FIVE-YEAR on existing efforts to improve equity and inclusion, it recommends actions in three key areas: centering Indigenous and BIPOC voices, ARCTIC knowledge, and research needs; establishing and deepening RESEARCH relationships; and increasing staffing and federal agency capacity. PLAN August 2020

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What is the history of equity and inclusion in Arctic science? Western science has historically been one aspect of colonization: Western science is driven by “discovery,” and information gathered by (typically white) academically-trained scientists has frequently been considered the most accurate, reliable, and important information. Science in the Arctic is no exception. However, Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic have occupied this region since time immemorial and are closely linked to Arctic lands, animals, and ecosystems; they continue to hold sovereignty over their well-being and that of the ecosystems they are a part of. For hundreds of generations they have closely observed their environment, conducted their own inquiries, and produced long-term understandings of patterns and processes in Arctic ecosystems. Colonization disrupted the process and transmission of Indigenous Knowledge, and colonizing researchers conducted both ethical misconduct and extractive research.2,3,4 This history has resulted in trauma within Indigenous communities and mistrust of institutions such as the federal government, state government, and academia. BIPOC communities and individuals continue to be excluded from Arctic science communities due to the legacy of colonization, a lack of capacity building and compensation, and the fact that these spaces typically prioritize white and Western paradigms over Indigenous and other nonwhite cultures and worldviews.5,6,7,8,9 In recent decades, many individuals and institutions—both Indigenous and non-Indigenous—within Arctic science have actively worked to engage Indigenous Peoples in Alaska through funding, conference invitations, and other efforts.10,11,12 Current Arctic science efforts present an opportunity to improve inclusion. In the past several years, IARPC has implemented or initiated some steps to attempt to address these historical and ongoing issues, including through the formation of a Diversity & Inclusion Working Group and an Indigenous Engagement Working Group (in progress). However, IARPC and IARPC Collaborations still have far to go. There continues to be limited engagement by Indigenous people, Black people, and people of color within collaboration teams, owing to imbalances felt in those spaces, a centuries-long history of exclusion and overlooked input, and the fact that accessing collaboration teams requires internet bandwidth, which can be limited in Arctic Indigenous communities. To more effectively address some of these historical and ongoing issues and to support sustained engagement with Indigenous Peoples, Black people, and communities of color, the next Arctic Research Plan should consider equity and inclusion as foundational themes, with an emphasis on establishing clear goals and metrics.

What do equity and inclusion mean in the context of the Arctic? Equity gives everyone the tools they need to succeed. It is often compared with equality, in which everyone is given the same resources or time, regardless of their starting point. In contrast, equity meets individuals and communities where they are, seeking to remove barriers and/or

53 2 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021 make up for past injustices. Equity in Arctic science means, for example, financially supporting efforts by Indigenous communities to improve internet access, working with communities to ensure that public comment periods and research projects do not overlap with important lifecycle events such as subsistence harvest times, providing mentorship and funding explicitly for scientists of color, collaborating with Indigenous communities to build capacity, training scientists and federal agency staff to effectively listen to and incorporate BIPOC comments and address their needs, and supporting community self-determination of where funding should go and how it should be used. Inclusion means that not only are people invited into a space, but that they are given respect and fully incorporated into the group. Their comments are carefully and thoughtfully considered, they are treated fairly and respectfully, and they are welcomed. Inclusion means not prioritizing one worldview or culture over another. In Arctic science, inclusion means, for example, ensuring that BIPOC individuals have opportunities and support to speak, present, ask questions, and lead; and restructuring introductions, presentations, and discussions to incorporate multiple cultural protocols. Inclusion in Arctic science could also look like institutions ensuring that non- BIPOC researchers are trained in cultural competency and have opportunities to reflect on their personal roles in making Arctic science more inclusive.

Why center equity and inclusion in the next Arctic Research Plan? Equity and inclusion are keys to sustained engagement with Indigenous communities and BIPOC scientists. These concepts could be applied to many other groups, including but not limited to women scientists, LGBTQ+ scientists, and scientists with disabilities, all of whom are underrepresented in Arctic science. Indeed, IARPC has made strides toward greater inclusion of women in science in particular. However, this paper focuses on Indigenous communities and BIPOC scientists in recognition that these groups are most heavily impacted by the legacy of colonization in science, and that research has happened historically to, without communication with, and on the bodies of Indigenous and Black people. While they face many different issues and challenges, the legacy of colonization means there are significant overlaps in how equity and inclusion can be implemented. Moreover, there are overlaps in these two groups, as the “I” in BIPOC represents Indigenous individuals, including those from the Arctic.

How can we approach equity and inclusion in the Arctic Research Plan? Creating an environment that is equitable and inclusive of historically underrepresented groups begins with understanding barriers from their perspectives. Through a survey of community- driven articles and reports by Indigenous organizations and BIPOC scientists, we identified several barriers:

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Indigenous communities and BIPOC scientists face numerous barriers to equity and inclusion in Arctic science spaces. While each of these communities experiences its own unique barriers, some barriers, including lack of compensation and the prevalence of tokenization, are held in common. The Arctic Research Plan is an opportunity to address some of these barriers within the context of the IARPC scope of work.

Including and building equity for Indigenous Peoples into the Arctic Research Plan would first and foremost require recognizing that knowledge transfer is a two-way street; the validity of Indigenous Knowledge is often ignored. Indigenous Knowledge is a form of systematic, interconnected observation and knowledge based on thousands of years of cultural tradition and relationships with the land and ecological systems.13 Indigenous Peoples are experts in their landscapes, ecosystems, and cultures.14,15,16,17,18 Moreover, Indigenous Peoples have sovereignty over their lands and data and often have well-established information and action priorities for their communities. The value of Indigenous communities’ participation in Arctic science for those communities needs to be clear. Often these communities are asked to share their data, priorities, and input without getting anything in return or seeing any significant change; in some cases their input is used to impinge upon their food sovereignty or other aspects of their communities.19,20,21,22 The next Arctic Research Plan could develop teams or priorities that address inclusive and equitable research methods in which researchers gain permission from Tribal councils, build and maintain long-term relationships with communities, and support community efforts to build capacity, particularly with youth.23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30 To build equity and inclusion, the plan and IARPC in general could consistently create spaces and opportunities throughout the research process for Indigenous communities to be actively involved in Arctic research, particularly recognizing that lack of compensation, internet connection, and other factors are barriers that need to be overcome, and that research priorities and timing need to be set with subsistence harvesting seasons in mind. The plan could also recognize and support the need for Indigenous communities to set their own priorities and make decisions about where funding is directed.

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To include and build equity for BIPOC researchers, safety and security are paramount: it is not enough to invite BIPOC researchers into Arctic science spaces without ensuring that they will be emotionally and physically safe and able to thrive when they arrive.31,32 An opportunity exists for the next Arctic Research Plan to emphasize the importance of safety in fieldwork situations, particularly for BIPOC women and LGBTQ+ individuals. It could encourage support for BIPOC role models and mentorship—which means encouraging hiring BIPOC scientists and compensating them for the mentorship they give other scientists.33,34 It is important that the onus of identifying or fixing systemic racism is not placed on BIPOC scientists, and that individual BIPOC scientists are not expected to speak on behalf of their entire race or community.35 Accountability is also key: space must be made for discussions of race, racism, and the ongoing impacts of colonization, and all scientists must be held accountable for racist comments and actions.36,37 For both Arctic Indigenous communities and BIPOC scientists, certain themes arise consistently. First, addressing the lack of compensation given to Indigenous communities and BIPOC scientists could help the Arctic Research Plan support equity and inclusion. BIPOC individuals continue to earn less than their white counterparts and may bear the ongoing trauma of colonization, and Indigenous communities have survived a long and continued history of land dispossession and economic marginalization.38 Moreover, while scientists are often salaried, Indigenous community members often are not and yet are frequently asked to provide input or information.39 Second, it is important to recognize and seek to address that the burden of representation often falls on a few, typically overtaxed, individuals. Third, BIPOC individuals are often brought into science spaces as “tokens” to point to a general support of diversity and inclusion, without receiving significant community support.40

What are the stages of creating an environment that is actively equitable and inclusive? Individual and group support for equity and inclusion can be seen along a spectrum, from roadblock to passive ally to active ally to accomplice. Effectively fostering equity and inclusion requires active allyship and accompliceship.41,42

Roadblock: A roadblock dismisses the importance of equity and inclusion. They may make assumptions about Indigenous communities, BIPOC scientists, and other minoritized groups, and shut down or avoid conversations about race and racism.

Passive ally: A passive, or performative, ally recognizes the importance of equity and inclusion but in a vague and oversimplified way. They may overlook their own personal responsibility and speak over or on behalf of minoritized individuals or communities. A passive ally often expects rewards or praise for their allyship.

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Active ally: An active ally recognizes the importance of equity and inclusion and strives to center it in their work. They provide funding for Indigenous communities and BIPOC scientists, call out injustice, actively work to educate themselves, and/or seek to transfer the benefits of their privilege to those without it. An active ally recognizes that their actions may not be, and do not need to be, recognized or celebrated.

Accomplice: An accomplice includes the traits of an active ally, and consistently applies themselves to challenge institutionalized racism, colonization, and white supremacy. They create long-term, meaningful relationships with the communities they are attempting to support and stand with them in support of those communities’ goals.

What are the next steps for centering equity and inclusion in the Arctic Research Plan and in IARPC? Centering equity and inclusion will require a long-term, multi-pronged approach. In addition to the recommendations above, the Arctic Research Plan and IARPC can begin to improve equity and inclusion by:

Centering Indigenous and BIPOC Voices, Knowledge, and Research Needs • Ensure adequate time, opportunities, and mechanisms for the public to weigh in on the draft plan, including making sure that public comment periods do not fall within subsistence harvest periods, are of adequate length, and are communicated to Indigenous entities before and during the public comment period. • Include agreed-upon methods for Indigenous engagement and inclusion of Indigenous Knowledge throughout the plan and its implementation; emphasize the role of Co- Production of Knowledge and Tribal sovereignty. • Collaborate with Indigenous communities to link basic research objectives to information needs identified by Indigenous Peoples and entities. • Create a plan structure that allows participants with limited or variable availability to be involved throughout implementation. • Support Indigenous Peoples and BIPOC peoples in leading collaboration teams and in attending presentations and meetings. This includes offering administrative support and financial compensation for their time.

Establishing and Deepening Relationships • Encourage IARPC leadership, collaboration team leads, and others to visit communities (at times that are convenient for community members) outside of the five-year planning process to share information, receive feedback, and adjust implementation and focused 57 6 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

efforts as requested and necessary. • Work with local and regional entities on outreach to communities and compensate those entities for their time. • Co-create meaningful opportunities for Indigenous leadership within the new plan structure and consider means for adequate compensation. • Establish meaningful relationships with organizations that represent BIPOC scientists and ensure they have the means to comment on the plan draft. • Create agreed-upon mechanisms for making knowledge generated through plan implementation useful, usable, and consistently shared. • Use collaboration teams and self-forming teams to support a workshop to foster dialogue on historical and ongoing barriers toward equity and inclusion and paths forward.

Increasing Staffing and Federal Agency Capacity • Hire an Indigenous engagement coordinator hosted by the IARPC Secretariat who works with and across the other federal agencies and with existing Tribal liaison networks. • Collect best practices from federal agencies who work well with Indigenous communities. • Offer training and programming about the history of Arctic Indigenous Peoples, colonialism in research and the Arctic, and decolonization; foster spaces for self-reflection.

This list was generated from a variety of sources over the span of plan development to date, including those cited above, the March 2019 comment letter on the National Science Foundation’s Navigating the New Arctic Program submitted by the Association of Village Council Presidents, Kawerak Inc., Bering Sea Elders Group, and Aleut Community of St. Paul,43 and the August 2020 letter on co-productive approaches to research planning in the Bering Sea sent by Kawerak Inc., the Association of Village Council Presidents, the Aleut Community of St. Paul Island, the Bering Sea Elders Group, and the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium.44 It is not intended to be prescriptive or exhaustive, and aims to give workshop participants and plan developers ideas to consider as they determine the content and structure of the next plan. Through efforts like the Principles for Conducting Research in the Arctic, IARPC member agencies and IARPC Collaborations members have taken a step toward making Arctic research more equitable and inclusive. The drafting of the next Arctic Research Plan is an opportunity to deepen and strengthen these efforts, and to weave equity and inclusion throughout all our Arctic research endeavors.

This paper was prepared by Liz Weinberg with support from Nikoosh Carlo on behalf of the IARPC Plan Development Steering Group. 58 7 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

Notes 1 Note: throughout this paper, the terms “science” and “research” are used interchangeably. 2 Carlo, Nikoosh. 2020. Arctic Observing: Indigenous Peoples’ History, Perspectives, and Approaches for Partnership. Fairbanks: Center for Arctic Policy Studies. 3 Smith, Linda T. 1999. Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. London: Zed Books. 4 David-Chavez, Dominique M., and Michael C. Gavin. 2018. “A global assessment of Indigenous community engagement in climate research.” Environmental Research Letters 13, no. 12. 5 Association of Village Council Presidents, Kawerak Inc., Bering Sea Elders Group, and Aleut Community of St. Paul. 2020. Navigating the New Arctic Program Comment Letter. 6 Carlo 2020. 7 Inuit Circumpolar Council-Alaska. 2015. Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual Framework: How to Assess the Arctic from an Inuit Perspective: Summary Report and Recommendations Report. Anchorage, AK 8 Howley, Korena Di Roma. 2020. Deep Biases Prevent Diverse Talent from Advancing. Eos, https://doi. org/10.1029/2020EO145065. 9 Kawerak Inc, Association of Village Council Presidents, Aleut Community of St. Paul Island, Bering Sea Elders Group, and Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium. 2020. Letter to NOAA FIsheries, North Pacific Research Board, Alaska Ocean Observing System, and the U.S. Arctic Research Commission regarding the need for co- productive approaches to research planning in the Bering Sea, August 2, 2020. 10 “Caleb Pungowiyi.” Caleb Scholars Program. https://www.calebscholars.org/about-caleb/. See also the efforts and work of Orville Huntington, Richard Glenn, Vera Metcalf, Patricia Cochran, and others. 11 IASC. 2019. Indigenous, Early Career, & Russian Science Travel Funding Available. International Arctic Science Committee. 12 ARCUS. Conducting Research with Northern Communities: Documented Practices and Resources for Productive, Respectful Relationships Between Researchers and Community Members. 13 Daniel, Raychelle. 2019. Understanding our environment requires an indigenous worldview, Eos, 100, https://doi. org/10.1029/2019EO137482. 14 Inuit Circumpolar Council-Alaska, 2015. 15 Chang, Michael, Jasmine Ramgotra, Melissa Watkinson, Dana Wu, Ava Holliday, and Sara Breslow. 2020. 2019 Salish Sea Equity & Justice Symposium Report: Diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice in the marine and environmental fields in the Salish Sea region. 16 Fienup-Riordan, Ann and Eddy Carmack. 2011. “The ocean is always changing”: Nearshore and farshore perspectives on Arctic coastal seas. Oceanography 24(3):266–279, http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2011.78. 17 Barnhardt, Ray and Angayuqaq Oscar Kawagley. 2005. Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Alaska Native Ways of Knowing. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 36(1), pp. 8-23. 18 Kawerak et al. 2020. 19 Alaska Native Knowledge Network. 2000. Guidelines for Respecting Cultural Knowledge. Anchorage: AK. 20 University of Alaska. 2013. Improving Local Participation in Research in Northwest Alaska: Final Workshop Summary and Workgroup Recommendations. 21 Johnson, Noor, Carolina Behe, Finn Danielsen, Eva-Maria Krümmel, Scot Nickels, and Peter L. Pulsifer. 2016. Community-Based Monitoring and Indigenous Knowledge in a Changing Arctic: A Review for the Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks. Final report to Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks. Ottawa, ON: Inuit Circumpolar Council. 22 Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission. Our History. http://www.aewc-alaska.org/about-us.html. 59 8 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

23 Johnson et al. 2016. 24 Inuit Circumpolar Council. 2016. Coastal Monitoring Indigenous Knowledge Holders Meeting Report. Ottawa, ON: Inuit Circumpolar Council. 25 Gwich’in Tribal Council. 2011. Conducting Traditional Knowledge Research in the Gwich’in Settlement Area: A Guide for Researchers. 26 Interagency Arctic Research Police Committee. 2018. Principles for Conducting Research in the Arctic. 27 University of Alaska 2013. 28 IASC. 2020. Report from the IASC Action Group on Indigenous Involvement. 29 Inuit Regional Corporation. Guidelines for Research in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region. 30 Kawerak et al. 2020. 31 Black Ecologists. 2020. Black Ecologists Statement, Ecological Society of America. 32 Langin, Katie. 2020. “I Can’t Even Enjoy This.” #BlackBirdersWeek Organizer Shares Her Struggles as a Black Scientist. Science, doi:10.1126/science.caredit.abd1901. 33 Black Ecologists 2020. 34 Howley 2020. 35 Nature Editors. 2020. Systemic Racism: Science Must Listen, Learn and Change. Nature 582, 147, doi: 10.1038/ d41586-020-01678-x. 36 Dutt, Kuheli. 2020. Race and Racism in the Geosciences. Nature Geoscience 13, 2–3, https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41561-019-0519-z. 37 Langin 2020. 38 Patten, Eileen. 2016. Racial, gender wage gaps persist in U.S. despite some progress. Pew FactTank. 39 IASC 2020. 40 Gewin, Virginia. 2020. What Black scientists want from colleagues and their institutions. Nature 583. 319-322. doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-01883-8 41 Swiftwolfe, Dakota. 2019. Indigenous Ally Toolkit. Montreal Urban Aboriginal Community Strategy Network. 42 Phillips, Holiday. 2020. Performative Allyship Is Deadly (Here’s What to Do Instead). Forge. 43 Association of Village Council Presidents et al., 2020. 44 Kawerak et al. 2020.

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Appendix 4c: Introduction to and Overview of Strategic Document Syntheses

Strategic Document Syntheses1

Four strategic document syntheses were created to support the development of the next Arctic Research Plan 2022-2026, including the following: Federal Document Synthesis, International Document Synthesis, Northern Communities Document Synthesis, and State Document Synthesis.

The purpose of these syntheses is to provide an overview of research needs and priorities identified in recent, public facing strategic documents at the state, international, northern community, and federal levels. Each synthesis uses strategic documents to identify key research themes that exist in each of these sectors. Identified themes are linked to strategic documents which can provide additional detail on specific research priorities. Syntheses are all accompanied by a narrative which summarizes key themes under similar groupings to allow for easier identification of cross-sectoral themes.

The strategic document syntheses will be used to aid workshop participants as well as federal drafting teams in the development of the next Arctic Research Plan 2022-2026. All document syntheses should be used in consideration with other sources including the strategic documents themselves, synthesis of input in response to the Federal Register Notice, synthesis of listening sessions, workshops and online input, and people’s own knowledge of the research landscape.

1 This document was prepared by Sorina Stalla for the Plan Development Steering Group

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Federal Strategic Document Synthesis Narrative Introduction he ederal trategi ouent ynthesis ederal ynthesis is a synthesis of researh priorities identified in puli faing federal strategi douents pulished etween and ouents inlude strategi plans, ation and ipleentation plans, priority douents, researh progra goals and oeties, and highleel reports inluding the oals eport he purpose of the ederal ynthesis is to suarie rti researh priorities and identify ross utting thees aross agenies he ederal ynthesis is opleented y three additional syntheses that highlight rti esearh riorities at the state, northern ounity, and international leel ndiidually, these syntheses proide insight into researh priorities in eah setor, olletiely, they seek to highlight thees that eist aross all four setors his synthesis of inforation fro ederal douents opleents diret input fro the ederal agenies, suaried in a separate douent

How to Use the Synthesis he ederal ynthesis is not a douent reated y federal agenies t is a surey of reently released strategi douents and ay not fully represent the full suite of urrent researh priorities dditionally, the douents in the synthesis were not intended speifially as input to the deelopent of the rti esearh lan he ederal ynthesis should e used as a resoure to aid workshop partiipants and drafting teas in the deelopent of the net rti esearh lan t should not e used as the definitie guide on federal rti researh priorities he ederal ynthesis should e used in tande with the synthesis of federal input specific to the Arctic Research Plan (“federal agency input synthesis”) which is a summary of input proided y departents and agenies and suitted in une he federal ageny input is onsolidated at the ageny leel whereas this ederal ouent ynthesis ontains douents and onsiders plans fro the ureau leel he inforation in the federal ageny input synthesis is ore urrent than the inforation found in this ederal ynthesis

Federal Synthesis Thematic Overview he ederal ynthesis identifies aor rossutting thees that pereate aross agenies as well as thees shared y ultiple agenies aor rossutting thees inlude enironental hange, haard itigation, infrastruture, and energy deelopent

Environmental Change: nderstanding the driers and ipats of enironental hange underlie any of the thees presented throughout the ederal ynthesis t a gloal sale this inludes an inreased understanding of high latitude systes and their gloal ipats

Emissions and Pollutants: here is a need for inreased researh and traking of eissions and pollutants aelerating rti hange ipats on huan health his inludes the ipat of lak aron and ethane as well as a etter understanding of the prodution and flues of aron dioide and ethane fro rti wetlands to iproe liate proetions

Monitoring, Observing and Forecasting: nreased foreasting to etter understand gloal influenes, onseuenes and opportunities of rti hange as well as inreased oseration of oeani, terrestrial and liati proesses and hanges ehnologial adanes are needed for sureying and onduting rti researh inluding unanned aerial systes and tehnologial adanes in tagging approahes hroughout all onitoring, osering, and foreasting there is the need for nreased engageent with loal residents to oprodue knowledge

Erosion, Permafrost and Infrastructure: n inreased understanding of the driers and ipats of erosion riparian and oastal and perafrost thaw he oprehensie apping of shorelines and soil profiles as well as inreased analysis on flood risk and ipat nreased onitoring and identifiation of praties to slow thaw and erosion as well as identifiation 62 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

of community epansion areas that will minimie the potential for impacts of thaw and erosion on infrastructure ncreased research on the impact of permafrost thaw and erosion on infrastructure including identifying climate resilient infrastructure research on how infrastructure across sectors (including uilding energy communication) can eole with Arctic change and identifying maor infrastructure gaps that should e identified to promote safe and sustainale Arctic communities

Energy Development, Shipping, Hazard Response and Mitigation: ncreased understanding of oil and gas potential on the orth lope as well as an increased regional and synthesied understanding of the cumulatie effect of climate change on deelopment actiities Research to support contingency planning oil spill impacts and response and haard mitigation mproed Arctic modeling and understanding of essel actiity as well as identification of lowimpact shipping corridors

Ecosystem Changes, Species Management, and Sea Ice: eed for increased sea ice forecasting as well as understanding of the impacts of sea ice changes ncreased monitoring and understanding of marine coastal and terrestrial ecosystems changes (including tundra processes) at a road leel as well as at the species leel haracteriation of ey haitats and food we dynamics increased monitoring of species populations inasie species productiity and demographic changes as well as impacts of deelopment on wildlife and improed species management through coproduction of nowledge nestigations into the impact and causes of harmful algal looms on species as well as across the food we including on human health and increasing early detection techniues pand coastal data collection and leerage innoation in mapping technology deelopment

Fisheries ncreased understanding of fisheries changes occurring with climate change impacts of fishing community ulneraility to fisheries changes as well as the impact of deelopment on fisheries

Community Health: etter understanding and supporting mental health challenges as well as an increased monitoring and understanding of emerging diseases ncreased understanding of health impacts from landfills lac of adeuate access to inhome water and deelopment impact on susistence resources here is a need for data collection on the status of Alasa ndigenous languages as well as research that assesses the effectieness of programs that teach ndigenous languages

International Cooperation: A need to strengthen partnerships in research through ilateral and multilateral research cooperation as well as through specific mechanisms such as the implementation of the entral Arctic cean isheries Agreements and the Arctic cience ooperation Agreement

Education: Research on the effectieness of formal and informal education actiities as well as on the methods and impact of dissemination of research results

Convergence: A need for the formation of collaorations for conergence research in the new Arctic as well as conergence research approaches to understand the comple relationship etween Arctic residents and their natural and cultural landscape

Technology: ncrease use of new technologies to collect data and conduct research including cloud technology unmanned systems, artificial intelligence, and ‘omnics.

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Northern Communities Strategic Document Synthesis Narrative

Introduction e ortern ommnities trategic ocment yntesis ommnities yntesis is a syntesis of researc riorities and needs identified in lic facing, commnity generated strategic docments. ocments inclde strategic lans, action and imlementation lans, riority docments, orso reorts, resoltions, and comment letters. e rose of te ommnities yntesis is to smmarie rctic researc riorities and identify crossctting temes across rctic regions. e ommnities yntesis is comlemented y tree additional synteses tat igligt rctic researc riorities at te state, federal, and international leel. ndiidally, tese synteses roide insigt into researc riorities in eac sector, comined, tey see to igligt temes tat eist across all for sectors.

How to Use the Synthesis e ommnities yntesis is not a docment created y nortern commnities. t is a srey of arios recently released strategic docments that are a “snapshot” in time and may not fully represent the full suite of current research priorities. dditionally, te docments in te yntesis ere not intended secifically as int to te deeloment of te ie ear rctic esearc lan. e ommnities yntesis sold e sed as a resorce to aid orso articiants and drafting teams in te deeloment of te net rctic esearc lan. t sold not e sed as te definitie gide on nortern communities’ Arctic research priorities.

Communities Synthesis Thematic Overview e ommnities yntesis identifies maor regional researc needs and riorities as ell as researc riorities tat ermeate across regions and trogot te rctic. any commnity temes are crossctting and tigtly interoen it oter callenges. aor crossctting temes inclde monitoring and oserations, commnity resilience, food secrity, te corodction of noledge in researc rocesses and climate cange.

Co-Production: eleant to all researc riorities is te need for tre corodction in researc rocesses. artner it ndigenos eoles at te eginning of roect deeloment, sing researc estions drien y and created y and in artnersi it commnities. nclde ndigenos noledge and corodction in te creation of researc lans and trogot te entire researc rocess, inclding secific researc on o to ring togeter different noledge and ale systems.

Sovereignty: igligt etical aroaces for researc and ensring data soereignty of ndigenos noledge.

Data Management: e need for a etter definition of at data are collected, standardiation of collection rotocols and systems for connecting local data it researc instittions. eed to ensre maintenance of secrity and integrity of data, articlarly it ndigenos noledge and ensre tat ndigenos noledge is interreted y ndigenos noledge olders.

Food Security and Subsistence: e crosscutting challenges of food security intersect with many northern communities’ researc temes. ere is a need for increased researc on food secrity and te imacts of climate cange, deeloment, and contaminants on te food e, secies, aitats, and ssistence actiities. ore secifically, te need for aseline data, sort stdies, and imact assessments on ssistence secies and longterm monitoring of secies.

2 rctic, lasa, letian and riilof slands, ering traits, nterior, ortest, ort loe, otest, otcentral, on soim elta 3 c as siness lans, commnity economic deeloment lans, olicy docments, etc. 64 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

Energy Development, Shipping, Hazard Response and Mitigation: ncreased research on sustainale energy as well as methods to improe and enlarge renewale the energy ase. road sustainaility is a research priority including research to promote sustainale tourism and the potential impacts of tourism as well as research on the impacts of shipping including potential riss inasie species pollution and others. esearch on climate mitigation and adaptation measures are also needed as well as data analysis related to coastal haards and haard mitigation planning.

Environmental Changes: An increased understanding and information on climate change its driers and impacts. his includes aseline data on climate change as well as impacts on water and food security regional and local impacts cultural impacts and increased understanding on future changes.

Ecosystem Changes, Species Management, and Sea Ice: ncreased understanding monitoring and forecasting of ice changes including in thicness and coerage. nderstanding the impacts of climate change and marine litter on marine coastal and watershed ecosystems roadly and on specific species. esearch on ocean acidification its impacts on marine species inasie species and possiilities for adaptation. ncreased research on harmful algal looms and paralytic shellfish poisoning monitoring to proide early detection on emerging food security concerns.

Fisheries: ncreased understanding and monitoring of fisheries changes. dentification of important fisheries haitats. esearch on mariculture as well as applied research to support seafood and other food producers in deeloping new products improing processes and reducing waste.

Community Health: eed to etter understand the enironmental causes of health programs including research that addresses community health through food security and impacts on community infrastructure. he deelopment and implementation of suicide preention strategies is needed as well as increased research on community health and healing. An increased monitoring of lae conditions and changes as haitat and a drining source as well as increased testing for contaminants and emerging illness from water sources.

Emissions and Pollutants: ncreased monitoring and research on airorne and water pollutants as well as impacts of pollutants.

Erosion, Permafrost and Infrastructure: ncreased monitoring and understanding of permafrost changes as well as distriution of permafrost. esearch on erosion of coasts and riers as well as the interplay of factors contriuting to erosion. esearch that guides mitigation and adaptation responses. esearch on the main threats to infrastructure including community infrastructure focusing on areas with the greatest need for this research.

Education eelopment of new pedagogies that reflect ndigenous alues as well as focus on youth gender and language studies. he deelopment of education and research materials that increase awareness on the deleterious effects of coloniation estalish a research and nowledge ase and form alliances to promote ndigeniation. esearch on high teacher turnoer rate.

Convergence and Socio-Ecological Systems onergent research on socioecological systems as well as inclusion of social science research in research mandates.

International and Cross-Disciplinary Cooperation: ncreased international and interdisciplinary research including research on transoundary toins fish stocs and on health and social research programs.

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State of Alaska Strategic Document Synthesis Narrative Introduction he tate trategic ocument ynthesis tate ynthesis is a compilation and synthesis of research priorities identified in pulic facing state strategic documents. ocuments include tate of Alasa generated strategic and deelopment plans mitigation plans and assessments. ey documents from state recommender odies are also included. he purpose of the tate ynthesis is to summarie Arctic research priorities and identify crosscutting themes across departments. he tate ynthesis is complemented y three additional syntheses that highlight Arctic research priorities at the federal northern community and international leel. ndiidually these syntheses proide insight into research priorities in each sector comined they see to highlight themes that eist across all four sectors.

How to Use the Synthesis he tate ynthesis is not a document created y state agencies. t is a surey of recently released strategic documents and may not fully represent the full suite of current research priorities. Additionally the documents in the synthesis were not intended specifically as input to the deelopment of the Arctic esearch lan. he tate ynthesis should e used as a resource to aid worshop participants and drafting teams in the deelopment of the net Arctic esearch lan. t should not e used as the definitie guide on state Arctic research priorities.

State Synthesis Thematic Overview he tate ynthesis identifies maor crosscutting themes that permeate across state agencies as well as themes shared y multiple agencies. aor crosscutting themes include community resilience and monitoring.

State of Alaska Energy Development, Shipping, Hazard Response and Mitigation: he understanding monitoring of and response deelopment to the main natural haard threats in Alasa cryosphere earthuaes ground failure floods tsunami olcano weather and wildlife. he estalishment of a aseline of local nowledge and understanding of ris management concepts. he deelopment of safe reliale and efficient energy systems.

Erosion, Permafrost and Infrastructure: nderstanding of and planning for community riss from erosion flooding storm surge and thawing permafrost as well as increased forecasting for safety and trael. Assessments of community infrastructure threatened y erosion permafrost thaw and flooding as well as understanding of how trails and transportation corridors will e impacted. ncrease aseline data related to coastal flooding and erosion.

Fisheries: An understanding of the impact of ocean acidification on mariculture. ncreased research and stoc assessments on hinoo salmon genetics research on and monitoring of commercially important fish and shellfish. esearch and deelopment of mariculture systems including economic and enironmental information releant for Alasa ariculture. esearch on marine inerterates and on emerging threats including on disease ocean acidification harmful algal looms and climate change.

Ecosystem Changes, Species Management, and Sea Ice: nderstanding of species shifts marine aian and terrestrial threatened and endangered species and wildlife diseases.

Food Security and Subsistence: ncrease data and studies on the role of susistence in the lies of Alasans. here is a need to ealuate impacts of state and federal regulations on susistence hunting and fishing as well as conduct susistence harest assessments.

Community Health: Assess health impacts of climate change and increase aailaility of health data. 66 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

State of Alaska Recommender Bodies:

Environmental Change: he strengthening of science and research on climate change including impacts to enironment ecosystems and human health. onitoring and data gathering to understand impacts of climate change in community ris monitoring assessment and planning. esearch that includes engaging local and regional entities and municipal and trial goernments in community ris monitoring assessment and planning.

Community Resilience: An understanding of how communities can respond to social changes for eample maor climate drien landscape changes changes in resource aailaility and emerging natural haards such as forest fires.

Energy Development, Shipping, Hazard Response and Mitigation: eelopment of adanced eploration and production technology. mproed data to refine oil permitting to e more efficient and scientifically sound as well as improement of oil spill responses. esearch on natural gas potential. esearch and promotion of technologies and processes related to caron emissions reduction and seuestration as well as analysis of sectors that will e impacted y a transition to a low caron future. dentification of research gaps related to aluation of land forest wetlands and water caron seuestration. dentification of resources and optimal sites for power generation as well as improed technology on efficient home heating. tudies on epanding shipping and port deelopment as well as studies to improe port design. esearch on gloal supply chain logistics to decrease the amount of perishales spoiled or damaged on route to Alasan communities.

Technology: esearch and deelopment of mapping aerial and unmanned aerial systems. esearch on ways to improe land transportation and feasiility of net generation airships for cargo transport in Alasa. esearch on improing laying fieroptic cales in Alasan enironments.

Indigenous Languages: urey research on ndigenous language speaers and promotion of the surial of ndigenous languages.

Community Health: onitoring of and research on climate and enironmental health impacts. esearch on epidemiology in rural populations as well as research on ruraluran health disparities. ncreased understanding of ehaioral and mental health challenges.

Fisheries: A need to understand trends in hinoo salmon populations as well as conduct species assessments on salmon salefish polloc and haliut. esearch on coastal and marine food wes including impact of ocean acidification on fisheries as well has longterm monitoring on fish and fish haitat. ncreased research on mariculture potential.

Ecosystem Changes, Species Management, and Sea Ice: esearch on marine ecosystem structure and processes endangered and stressed species and contaminants. nderstanding of the effects of water system changes on auatic communities and marine mammal management. he need to identify information needs data gaps and emerging threats and increase monitoring and forecasting capailities on harmful algal looms.

Food Security and Subsistence: esearch on olstering local food production and improing food security as well as continued study of the neus of food energy and water.

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International Strategic Document Synthesis Narrative

Introduction he nternational trategic ocument ynthesis nternational ynthesis is a synthesis of research priorities and needs identified in pulic facing strategic and research priority documents generated through international collaoration. ocuments include strategic plans wor and action plans assessments and priority documents worshop reports and agreements.

he purpose of the nternational ynthesis is to summarie Arctic research priorities and identify crosscutting themes across the Arctic. he nternational ynthesis is complemented y three additional syntheses that highlight Arctic research priorities at the state federal and northern community leel. ndiidually these syntheses proide insight into research priorities in each sector comined they see to highlight themes that eist across all four sectors.

How to Use the Synthesis he nternational ynthesis is not a document created y international odies or representaties. t is a surey of recently released strategic documents pulished oer the past fie years and may not fully represent the full suite of current research priorities. Additionally the documents in the synthesis were not intended specifically as input to the deelopment of the Arctic esearch lan. he nternational ynthesis should e used as a resource to aid worshop participants and drafting teams in the deelopment of the net Arctic esearch lan. t should not e used as the definitie guide on international Arctic research priorities.

International Synthesis Thematic Overview he nternational ynthesis identifies maor regional research needs and priorities as well as research priorities that permeate across regions and throughout the Arctic. aor crosscutting themes include monitoring data sharing and gloal linages.

Monitoring, Observing and Forecasting: he need to strengthen and sustain longterm Arctic oserations and identify gaps and integration with gloal osering systems. ncreased oserations of Arctic species marine coastal ecosystems terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. trengthening of data collection and integrated modeling of ecosystem changes where aselines hae een estalished.

International Cooperation: ncreased access to data and shared research including oint monitoring and coordination of eisting data. nhanced cooperation and data sharing on releant data to entral Arctic cean ecosystems and potential future fisheries impacts in the entral Arctic cean. ircumpolar networs to harness innoatie technologies to uild nowledge and deelop sills needed to maintain irant communities in a changing region.

Global Linkages: ore accurate understanding of coupled olar climate systems and the role of the Arctic in the gloal climate system.

Environmental Change: mproe nowledge of terrestrial freshwater and marine ecosystems in the contet of rapid change. mproe understanding of structure and functioning of polar ecosystems and proected changes as well as identify ecological indicators to ealuate riss to polar ecosystems and the serices they proide to lower ecosystems. ncreased predictie capacity of emerging threats impacts of the changing hydrological cycle and the conseuences of ariaility in heat and momentum echanges etween ocean land ice atmosphere and space in a changing climate.

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Ecosystem Changes, Species Management, and Sea Ice: mproe the understanding of the cumulatie impacts on marine ecosystems from multiple human actiityinduced stressors including climate change. esearch on areas particularly ulnerale to ocean acidification iological productiity under changing regimes and changes to coastal and marine species. esearch on how changes are impacting areas of ecological and cultural significance.

Cryosphere mproe understanding of snowrelated processes including atmosphereglacierocean interaction and implications for Arctic glacier mass udget formation deelopment freuencyintensity and impacts of etreme cryospheric eents. ncreased understanding of the effect of diminishing ice coer on the caron cycle in the Arctic.

Erosion, Permafrost and Infrastructure: mproe understanding of the impact of permafrost thaw on infrastructure. nformation on how to adapt infrastructure to changes deelop sustainale transportation infrastructure and support long term inestments in all forms of Arctic infrastructure. A need for information to support improed connectiity infrastructure throughout the Arctic.

Adaptation: A need to ealuate adaptation actions oer time and implement research and monitoring focused on adaptation. esearch on the cumulatie impacts of climate change industrial deelopment and societal change including the comple dynamics of crossscale and crosssector comparisons. eed for social science approaches to adaptation including ehaioral sciences institutional analysis and policy analysis.

Emissions and Pollutants: etter understanding of air pollution as well as the sources trends and impact of pollutants and contaminants on ecosystems and people. esearch on persistent organic pollutants and shortlied climate pollutants. ncreased information on improed waste management including as it relates to the need to reduce plastic marine litter and the release of microplastics into the Arctic enironment.

Community Health: esearch on ecosystem change impacts to human health and welleing. An increased understanding of the connection etween community and enironmental health. ncreased information echange to support pulic health system with an emphasis on proects that reduce death and disaility from enironmental ris factors suicide and high burden infectious and chronic diseases. Deepen global understanding of the region’s peoples, cultures, traditional ways of life languages and alues and promote ndigenous nowledge. upport the identification and promotion of heritage sites and areas of cultural significance in the Arctic. trengthen the participation of local communities in improing sustainale water sanitation and waste disposal management.

Economic Trends trengthen analysis and oint monitoring of economic trends and actiities in the Arctic. plore and ealuate potential enefits of economic deelopment including in new and emerging sectors.

Energy: esearch on the sustainale deelopment of energy and resources as well as innoatie approaches encouraging renewale energy across remote Arctic communities.

Biodiversity: Address monitoring and research gaps in scientific nowledge of iodiersity adance the Arctic iodiersity ata erice and deelop and apply standards of the Arctic patial ata nfrastructure and further deelop use of remote sensing.

Risk Management and Response: ncreased guidance and ris assessment methodologies.

69 iarpccollaborations.org Appendix 4d: Federal Document Synthesis (existing public documents, 2015-2020) Federal Agency Strategic Document Synthesis1

Documents from: 1. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 3. Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management (BOEM) 4. Center for Disease Control (CDC) 5. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) 6. Department of Defense (DOD) 7. Department of Energy (DOE) 8. DOE (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility) 9. DOE (High Latitude Application and Testing of Earth System Models) 10. DOE (National Strategy for the Arctic Region) 11. Department of Transportation (DOT) 12. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 13. Navy 14. National Institute of Health (NIH) 15. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 16. North Pacific Fishery Management Council (NPFMC) 17. National Science Foundation (NSF) 18. Smithsonian Institution (SI) 19. Department of Defense; U.S. Committee on the Marine Transportation System (DOT) 20. United States Arctic Research Commission (USARC) 21. United States Coast Guard (USCG) 22. United States Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) 23. United States Geological Survey (USGS) 24. United States Executive Branch (White House) 25. North Pacific Research Board (NPRB)

Cross Cutting Themes: Cross cutting themes are themes that emerge across and exist within the individual themes listed below. Cross-cutting themes are not in prioritized order. ● Environmental Change ● Hazard mitigation

1 This document was prepared by Sorina Stalla for the Plan Development Steering Group 70 ● Infrastructure ● Energy development

Themes: Themes are not in prioritized order. ● Energy Development ● Oil Spill Response and Mitigation ● Infrastructure ● Permafrost ● Erosion ● Community Health ● Harmful Algal Blooms ● Safe Shipping ● Co-Production ● Species Management ● Fisheries ● Sea Ice/ Marine Ecosystems & Coastal Ecosystems ● Terrestrial Ecosystems ● High Latitude Systems ● Observing and Forecasting Arctic Change ● Emissions ● Technology ● International Scientific Cooperation ● Education ● Convergence

Energy Development ● Better understand oil and gas potential of Alaska’s North Slope, with specific foci on petroleum systems that exist beyond the outer continental shelf area and under the continental slope (USGS) ○ Identify the resource potential of gas hydrates via production testing field experiments (USGS) ○ Detailed geologic mapping to better understand the distribution and resource potential of minerals and to develop new databases for mineral resource analysis (USGS) ○ Marine acoustic research and assess energy development in the Arctic (Navy)

71 ● An increased reional and synthesied understandin of the impacts of climate chane and how climate chane effects will interact with outer continental shelf actiities SS ○ hysical parameters, such as storm freuency and intensity, and circulation patterns SS

S eoloical Surey—epartment of the nterior eion , Alaska— Annual Science eport SS

SA oals eport SA

nery eelopment Nay Strateic utlook for the Arctic Nay

An aluation of the Science Needs to nform ecisions on S nery eelopment in the hukchi and eaufort Seas, Alaska SS

Alaska Annual Studies lan

Oil Spill Response and Mitigation ● esearch to support continency plannin, oil spill response, and haard mitiation S ○ odels to support disaster response il Spills in Arctic cean enironments and Storm Sure S ● ncreased oil spill studies to understand oil spill impacts ○ nduced polariation to characterie oil spills within sea ice conditions S ○ ore information about hydrocarbonconsumin oranisms resident in the Arctic ○ nderstand impact to Arctic mussels and copepods for oil spill modelin S

AA Summary Support to Arctic Science S il Spill esponse and itiation Alaska Annual Studies lan

Infrastructure ● undamental science and enineerin research in forwardlookin, sustainable, adaptable, and resilient infrastructure to meet current and future challenes of a chanin Arctic NS ● esearch on permafrost thaw impact to built infrastructure ○ nspect public infrastructure and a samplin of residential structures to identify distress related to permafrost S Army orps of nineers ○ dentify areas of driftin snow, ponded water or drainae features, impacts of structures includin utilities or roadways, or any other manmade features which may contribute to thawin of permafrost S Army orps of nineers

72 ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ●

Permafrost ● ● ● ●

Erosion ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Community Health ●

74 ● ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ Giardia ○ ○ ● ● ●

75 Harmful Algal Blooms ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ●

Safe Shipping ● ○ ○ ○ ● ●

Co-Production ●

76 ●

Species Management ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Assess the population status of two rare taxa endemic to the central Bering Sea, Alaska: McKay’s Bunting and Pribilof Rock Sa ○ Assessment of how any changes in the bowhead whale migration’s distance from shore could relate to subsistence success ○ ○ Understand species’ response to environmental changes, for which periodic population and distributional surveys could provide ○ ● ○ ○ ○ – ○ ●

77 ● Research on the biology of marine birds and mammals is of interest across a wide variety of areas, including population assessment and modeling, species distribution and movement patterns, ecology and physiology, and how human and environmental factors affect individuals and populations PRB

USAR oals Report USAR

BM Alaska Annual Studies Plan BM Species Management USS Alaska Science enter evelops ew year Arctic Research Plan USS

orth Pacific Research Board Science Plan PRB

Fisheries ● Better understand fishery changes occurring with climate change PM PRB ○ nvestigate options for responding to changing environmental and climatic circumstances such as changes to fish distribution and abundance, shipping patterns, etc PM ○ Understand impact of ocean acidification on Arctic od spawning habitat USAR ○ ollect additional data on the ecology of commercial fish species to better understand growth and movements in response to warming seas USAR ● ncrease understanding and surveys of fisheries and fish stocks ○ dentify food web supports to Arctic fisheries USS ○ Support additional trawl surveys in the Bering Sea and north of the Bering Strait to assess fish stocks in light of shifting population localities and continue to develop camera survey techniues for untrawlable habitats USAR ○ Spatial distribution and movement of crabs relative to life history events and fishing PM ○ ish, crab, and oceanographic surveys in the Arctic cean PM ○ Stockspecific ecosystem indicators and incorporate into stock assessments PM ○ ooperative research efforts to supplement existing atsea surveys that provide seasonal, species specific information on upper trophic levels PM ○ Maturity estimates for Bering Sea and Aleutian sland crab stocks PM ● ishing impacts ○ Bycatch reduction initiatives PM ○ Retrospective analysis of the impact of hinook PS avoidance measures on communities of western Alaska PM ● Better understanding community vulnerabilities to fisheries changes ○ evelopment of tools for analying coastal community vulnerability to fisheries management changes PM ○ ependence and impacts of halibut management actions on communities PM

78 ● Better understand development impacts to fisheries ○ Potential environmental effects of S development on marine fish BM ○ More detailed information about the biology and ecology of many marine fish species inhabiting areas of potential oil and gas activity BM ○ More information regarding the effects of seismic exploration on the health, behavior, distribution, and migration of the numerous important fish species of the Beaufort and hukchi seas BM ○ More information on the forage fish resources and their relation to apex predators on the outer continental shelf BM ○ Understanding of the seasonal distribution, abundance, and habitat use of forage fish, including the effects of changing temperatures and prey availability BM ○ Understanding of key spawning and migration events that uickly transfer large amounts of energy to upper trophic levels BM ● ncreased information on species to inform fisheries management PRB

PM: Bering Sea ishery cosystem Plan PM orth Pacific ishery Management ouncil: Research Priorities

isheries USAR oals Report USAR

BM Alaska Annual Studies Plan BM

orth Pacific Research Board Science Plan PRB

Sea Ice/ Marine Ecosystems & Coastal Ecosystems ● ncrease sea ice forecasting as well as causes and conseuences of reduced sea ice cover in the Arctic ○ mplement shortrange, seaice forecasting capability ommittee on the Marine ransportation System ○ bserve and forecast sea ice AA avy ○ evelop more accurate sea ice forecasts that permit local governments and managers to prepare, enhancing the longterm security of residents and local economies USRP ○ ork to identify best practices for building community and ecosystem resilience to the impacts of declining sea ice and help decision makers respond proactively to future changes USRP ○ Predict the direction and speed of floating sea ice AA ○ ncrease forecasts of sea ice and ueuing bathymetry surveys to improve safety of Arctic shipping S ○ reate models on fine scale seaice characteriation at various scales S ○ Additional research on potential range expansion related to climate change and the intensification of shipping related to receding ice PRB ● ncrease monitoring and understanding of marine ecosystems ○ dentify and develop interdisciplinary conceptual models of the connected Bering Sea ecosystem components PM

2 this is information BM needs, not research BM is leading 79 ○ ong term monitoring ecosystem monitoring surveys in the gulf of Alaska AA ○ Assessments and reporting of living marine resources activity avy ○ etect changes in ecosystem structure that could affect bird, mammal, and fish species AA ● ncrease understanding of ecosystem changes and ecosystem responses to climate change ○ Strengthen foundational science to understand and detect Arctic climate and ecosystem changes AA ○ Support scientific exploration, monitoring, and research to increase understanding of the changing Arctic environment, associated impacts, and emergent maritime threats US ○ orecast and proect the impacts of climate change on marine fish production AA ○ Research programs in recruitment processes, ocean acidification, life history characteristics, fish and crab behavior, and predatorprey relationships to understand environmental forcing on focal species in the ulf of Alaska AA ○ Understand Alaska ative observations of climate change among Bering Strait communities Smithsonian ○ Understand the effects of ongoing and future change warming land, loss of snow and ice on nearshore Arctic biogeochemistry ○ Understand the key processes through which Arctic marine biogeochemistry impacts the food web in response to climate change ○ onduct risk assessments on fish species AA ○ ow will reductions in Arctic sea ice and the associated changes in the physical environmental influence the flow of energy through the ecosystem in the hukchi Sea PRB ■ Patterns in subsistence use and potential shifts in response to ecosystem change PRB ■ Physical, biological and ecological drivers and important thresholdstipping points relevant to the distribution and life history of apex predators, species importance to subsistence, and species or species guilds critical to ecosystem function PRB ■ nfluence of sea ice dynamics and advection on the phenology, magnitude and location of primary and secondary production, matchmismatch, benthicpelagic coupling, and the influence of winter conditions PRB ● Understanding and mitigating the adverse effects of contaminants, pathogens and biotoxins, and invasive species PRB ● xpand oastal ata ollection to eliver the Priority eospatial Products Stakeholders Reuire AA

A enear Prioritiation of nfrastructure eeds in the US Arctic

AAs Arctic Action Plan

Arctic Research Program bectives AA

Sea ce Marine cosystems oastal A climate science regional action plan for the ulf of Alaska cosystems avy Strategic utlook for the Arctic avy

United States lobal hange Research Program USRP: he ational lobal hange Research Plan and update USRP

AA Summary Support to Arctic Science S

80 PM: Bering Sea ishery cosystem Plan PM

oast uard Strategy US

Marine Biogeochemistry in the oastal Arctic: owards mproved uantitative Understanding of the ontrols on Marine Biogeochemical Processes in the Arctic oastal Zone, and Their Impacts on Climate and the Food Web: A White Paper for DOE’s Regional and lobal Model Analysis RMA Program

PRB: Arctic ntegrated cosystem Research Program ntegrated ork Plan

orth Pacific Research Board Science Plan PRB

MAPP AS AASKA: A ear Strategy in Support of the United States conomy, Security, and nvironment

Terrestrial Ecosystems ● ncrease understanding of tundra processes and terrestrial ecosystems ○ Reduce uncertainty in climate prediction through improved representation of critical tundra processes ○ dentify processes likely to have the largest influence on climate, based on current knowledge of the Arctic tundra system, and define a connected nested hierarchy of modeling scales necessary to resolve those processes ○ evelop a uantitative scaling framework that provides effective migration of new knowledge gained through process studies and observations to inform model representations and to improve prediction of Arctic ecosystem dynamics and interactions with climate at the global scale ○ Understand what controls the vulnerability and resilience of Arctic ecosystems to disturbance and how disturbances alter the physical and ecological structure and function of ecosystems ○ nvestigate the underlying processes and their interactions that control vulnerability and resilience in Arctic and Boreal ecosystems of western orth America to environmental change, and to assess how people within and beyond this region may respond to changes in these processes and interactions ASA

ext eneration cosystems xperiments errestrial cosystems ABo oncise xperiment Plan ASA

High Latitude Systems

● Understand and uantify the drivers, interactions, and feedbacks both among the highlatitude components and between the high latitudes and the global system to reduce uncertainties and improve predictive understanding of highlatitude systems and their global impacts

81 ○ nderstand the roles of regional processes and feedbacs in shaping the highlatitde Earth sstem, its ariabilit and trends DOE ○ nderstand ho high and loer latitdes are copled throgh atmospheric and oceanic circlation cells DOE ○ nderstand the roles of interactions beteen land ice ie ice sheets, ice sheles, and glaciers and atmosphere and ocean on sea leel rise DOE ○ nderstand the conseences of highlatitde climate change for the regional and global carbon ccle DOE ● Increase nderstanding of processes inoling ocean heat and freshater and their sorces and pathas into and ot of the Arctic region, inclding their effect on global ocean circlation and stabilit of the global climate sstem OAA ● Increase nderstanding of the first order phsics controlling regional circlation and ice conditions ithin the eafort and Chchi eas, as ell as interactions ith the Arctic basin and Canadian eafort, old inform and improe regional analses for EPA docments, and reie of oilspill response planning docments OE ○ ore information is needed to assess the impact of ice on the natre and amplitde of the pellingdonelling, to ealate inflences of Atlantic ater and other ater masses, and to gain a better nderstanding of the dnamics associated ith rier otflo plmes, especiall nder ice OE ● nderstand the role of sea ice in mediating meridional heat transports in the ocean and atmosphere DOE

Earth and Enironmental stems ciences Diision trategic Plan DOE ighatitde Application and Testing of Earth stem odels iAT cience Focs Areas igh atitde stems Arctic Research Program Obecties OAA

OE Alasa Annal tdies Plan F OE

Observing and Forecasting Arctic Change

● Increase forecasting to nderstand global inflences, conseences, and opportnities arising from a changing Arctic F ○ td and forecast interdependent changes in the biogeochemical, geophsical, biological, ecological, instittional, and social processes occrring in the ne Arctic, inclding, hen appropriate, global feedbacs F ○ enerate Arctic climate datasets to spport operational eather forecasts OAA ○ Improe eather and ater forecasts and arnings OAA ○ Improe eather, ater, and climate predictions to an eialent leel of serice as is proided to the rest of the nation Committee on the arine Transportation stem ● Contine and increase obsering netors and obserations of Arctic changes in oceanic, terrestrial, and climatic processes ○ Contine oceanographic obserations a ○ Epand the general concept of a sstained Arctic obsering netor into an integrated, fll operational sstem that proides increased and timel access to data, critical information, and deried prodcts for scientific research, as ell as operational intelligence and decision spport ARC ○ eed for innoations in interoperable national and international Arctic obserational netors, instrments, sensing and sensornetoring technologies shared and open data collections andor intelligent data management, analsis, andor modeling efforts F ○ Install and maintain a site of climate obsering netors ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere in the Arctic OAA

82 ○ Contribte to improements in obsering technolog that improe the spatial and temporal scale of obserations OAA ○ Increase earrond or continos srface and sbsrface biophsical obserations DOE ○ Obsere timing and magnitde of terrestrial fles from deltas, coastal erosion, and nonpoint sorce inpt of ater DOE

ational cience Fondation aigating the e Arctic A Program F

Arctic Research Program Obecties OAA OAAs Arctic Action Plan

A Tenear Prioritiation of Infrastrctre eeds in the Arctic DOT

Obsering and Forecasting Arctic Change a trategic Otloo for the Arctic a

ARC oals Report ARC

arine iogeochemistr in the Coastal Arctic: Toards Improed antitatie nderstanding of the Controls on arine iogeochemical Processes in the Arctic Coastal Zone, and Their Impacts on Climate and the Food Web: A White Paper for DOE’s Regional and lobal odel Analsis RA Program DOE

Emissions ● etter nderstand the prodction and fles of carbon dioide and methane from Arctic etlands to improe climate proections ARC ● Increase polltion detection and tracing capabilities C ● ore information is needed to ealate ho high leels of sbstances sch as blac carbon and methane might impact climate change, as ell as hman health, in the region OE ● Advance “attribution science”—efforts to scientificall distingish the role of hmancased global arming from the role of natral climate flctations in casing indiidal etreme eather eents, to help planners nderstand hich etreme eents are liel to increase ith additional arming ARC ● Inestigate as to redce air polltant emissions that form P EPA

ARC oals Report ARC

Coast ard trateg C Emissions OE Alasa Annal tdies Plan F OE

email EPA

Technology ● Technological advances in unmanned aircraft sstems, or drones, and regulatory efforts to safely incorporate them into the nation’s airspace are quickly improving Arctic research ARC ● Encourage agencies responsible for surveing and conducting census counts of marine and terrestrial mammals to consider advanced technologies, such as unmanned aircraft sstems, to improve assessments ARC ● The orth lope of Alasa atmospheric observator is being enhanced through aerial measurements including routine missions using unmanned aerial sstems A and tethered balloon sstems T for scientific research DOE ● Research that couples stateoftheart geophsical observations from unmanned aerial sstems ith a communitengaged research approach to bridge scientific and indigenous understanding of sea ice change in the Alasan Arctic White ouse ● Efforts to further technological developments in a variet of tagging approaches, including deploment and recover strategies PR ● everage Innovation in apping Technolog Development OAA ● Increase use of ne technologies to collect data and conduct research including cloud technolog, unmanned sstems, artificial intelligence, and ‘omnics (OAA

ARC oals Report ARC

Department of Energ Arctic Observatories in arro and Olito Point DOE

FACT EET: White ouse Announces Actions to Protect atural and Cultural Resources in Alasan Arctic Ocean White ouse

APPI TE COAT OF AAA: A ear trateg in upport of the nited tates Econom, ecurit, and Environment OAA

Technolog Draft OAA Citien cience trateg OAA

OAA Data trateg OAA

OAA Cloud trateg OAA

OAA nmanned stems trateg OAA

OAA Artificial Intelligence trateg OAA

OAA Omnics trateg OAA

International Scientific Cooperation ● mplement the entral rctic cean isheries greement ○ The United States should implement the “Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean” and ork ith the arties to estalish a durale marine science organiation to promote rcticfocused ecosystem science and to realize the Agreement’s joint program of scientific research ( ● mplement the rctic cience ooperation greement ○ The United States should implement the “Agreement on Enhancing International Arctic Scientific Cooperation” to improve crossorder access of scientists, equipment, and data he nited tates should ork ith other arties to develop procedures for consultation and dispute resolution o promote coordination and consultation among interests and stakeholders, the nited tates should develop internal processes and procedures, and these may assist ith international implementation of the agreement ( ● trengthen ilateral and ultilateral esearch ooperation ○ he nited tates should pursue opportunities to strengthen ilateral research cooperation along our orders ith the ussian ederation and anada, including ecosystem level marine research and longterm monitoring ( ● nhance international and national partnerships (

oals eport nternational cientific ooperation s rctic ction lan

Education ● esearch on the effectiveness of formal and informal education activities on methods and impact of dissemination of research results and on formation of collaorations for convergence research in the ne rctic (

ducation ational cience oundation avigating the e rctic ( rogram

Convergence ● onvergence research approaches to understand the comple relationship eteen rctic residents and their natural and cultural landscape (

onvergence ational cience oundation avigating the e rctic ( rogram

85 Appendix 4e: Northern Communities Document Synthesis Northern Communities Strategic Document Synthesis1

Cross Cutting Themes: Cross cutting themes are themes that emerge across and exist within the individual themes listed below. For example, monitoring and observation is mentioned within the majority of research themes. Cross-cutting themes are not in prioritized order. ● Monitoring & Observations ● Community Resilience ● Food Security ● Co-Production ● Climate Change

Themes: Themes are not in prioritized order. ● Need for True Co-Production Throughout Research Processes ● Sovereignty/Self-Determination ● Data Management ● Food Security ● Energy Security ● Fisheries ● Ocean Acidification ● Sea Ice/Marine & Coastal Ecosystems ● Harmful Algal Blooms ● Water Quality ● Infrastructure ● Permafrost ● Erosion/Community Relocation ● Community Health ● Education ● Emissions/Pollutants ● Climate Change ● Hazard Mitigation ● Shipping ● Socio-Ecological Systems ● Sustainable Development/Tourism

1 This document was prepared by Sorina Stalla for the Plan Development Steering Group 86 ● International/Multi-disciplinary Collaboration

Co-Production in Research Processes (Arctic): ● Develop and operate in true partnership with Indigenous Peoples ● Research questions need to be driven by communities and done in partnership with communities: ○ Research that informs management agencies decision making needs to be identified/driven by communities and include co-production in all research including design and implementation of research questions, methodologies, analyses, interpretations and outputs ○ Prioritize community-driven research that fills the information gaps of greatest importance and need to communities and resource managers ○ Improve research coordination ● Research needs to include Indigenous Knowledge and utilize a true co-production approach to build better research plans: ○ Integrate Indigenous Knowledge and science throughout research process and environmental assessments ○ Integrate community-driven monitoring into research activities ○ Include appropriate and sufficient budget allocations to community partners’ involvement ● Need to support more research on how to bring together different knowledge and value systems: ○ Need for models that successfully bring together different value systems with each system contributing equally to the outcome that goes beyond integrating one into another (e.g., IK, TK, LK, western science, observations, stories, etc.) ○ Develop a system that respects and includes Indigenous Knowledge and Local Knowledge ○ Develop effective systems to collect and classify Indigenous Knowledge, particularly in regard to Arctic resources, the Arctic environment, and cultures must be further developed. This work must be done by Indigenous Peoples.

Partnering with Indigenous Peoples needs to happen at the very beginning of project Kawerak, Bering Sea Co-Production in Research development Elders Group, Aleut Processes (prior to Community of St. Paul proposal being Island, Association of written) Navigating the New Arctic Comment Letter Village Council Presidents Arctic

Research Food Sovereignty and Self Governance Collective Meeting: Food questions need Sovereignty and Self Governance - Inuit Role in Managing Arctic Inuit Circumpolar Council to be driven by Marine Resources Arctic

87 communities avoonga arine ammal dvisory ommittee ocus roup and done in ood overeignty and elf overnance Inuit ole in anaging Inuit ircumpolar ouncil partnersip it rctic arine esources rctic communities avigating te e rctic omment etter

Inuit rctic olicy Inuit ircumpolar ouncil rctic

lasa andscape leutian and ribilof onservation Islandsoutestering romoting esilience and daptation in oastal rctic lasa ooperatives traitsortest

simo alrus ommission usiness lan for ustainability simo alrus outestering ommission traitsortestort lope

rctic orions rctic orions rctic

aera ering ea lders roup leut ommunity of t aul Island ssociation of avigating te e rctic omment etter illage ouncil residents rctic

esearc needs uilding a atay to dvance lasan Inuit ood overeignty Inuit ircumpolar ouncil rctic to include Indigenous ommunityased onitoring and Indigenous noledge in a noledge and anging rctic evie for te ustaining rctic bserving Inuit ircumpolar ouncil a coproduction etor rctic approac to build better Inuit ircumpolar ouncil ildlife anagement ummit eport Inuit ircumpolar ouncil rctic researc plans bserving frameors need to reflect a coproduction of noledge approac to euitably include Indigenous noledge systems rctic bserving ummit rctic

esolution esolution euiring esearcers and unders to ngage estern lasa ommunities in a o roduction of noledge pproac on all esearc ctivities and to irectly und noledge olders ribes and ative ering ea lders roup ering traits 88 rganiations for uc fforts

BSEG’s press release on the 2019 Summit and Resolutions ering ea lders roup ering traits

entral ering ea Central Bering Sea Fishermen’s Association 2018 Annual Report isermens ssociation leutian and ribilof Islands

nderstanding te rctic troug oproduction of noledge aera ering traits

unting ising atering asforce rief anana iefs onference anana iefs onference Interior

Improving ocal articipation in esearc in ortest lasa ortest rctic oroug ortest

leutian and ribilof Islandsoutestering romoting esilience and daptation in oastal rctic lasa ollaborative traitsortest

Inuit rctic olicy Inuit ircumpolar ouncil rctic

simo alrus ommission usiness lan for ustainability simo alrus outestering ommission traitsortestort lope

n Indigenous approac to ocean planning and policy in te esearc needs ering trait region of lasa aera ering traits to be done on o to bring lasa andscape leutian and ribilof togeter onservation Islandsoutestering different romoting esilience and daptation in oastal rctic lasa ooperatives traitsortest noledge and value systems Inuit ircumpolar ouncil Inuit rctic olicy rctic

Sovereignty/Self-Determination: ● igligt etical approaces for rctic researc ● nsure information sovereignty of Indigenous noledge 89 tiagi eclaration 2018 nuit Circumpolar Council Arctic SoereigntSeletermination Arctic orions Arctic orions Arctic

Data Management: ● aintain securit and integrit o data ndigenous and raditional noledge is diicult to share taen out o contet and it is diicult to no i it and local input generall is eing used state and ederal agencies ● nnoations are needed in data curation management sharing discoerailit and access

ata anagement Arctic orions Arctic orions Arctic

Food Security: ● eed or increased research on ood securit speciicall on climate change impacts on ood es ● eed or aseline data support studies and impact assessments on susistence species ○ ncluding on critical haitat identiication and characteriation that includes ndigenous noledge ○ n ho shipping ishing industr oilgas eploration ill impact susistence species ○ Research on loer trophic species ● he need or long monitoring and oseration sstems o susistence species to support ood securit ○ nole hunters in monitoring and reporting ○ eed S monitoring or earl detection o emerging ood saet concerns ○ onitor climate impacts lie changes in sea ice and ocean temperatures on susistence resources lie ish and seals ○ Research the stressors on salmon and eects caused arming temperatures ● ncreased understanding o contaminants in susistence species ○ eed or research to inorm susistence marine isheries contaminants in susistence ish and mold ish ○ Research ildlie populations ith a ocus on parasites ○ ore inormation on seaird dieos and sic seals ● mpact o road deelopment on cariou migration

Alasa Federation o Alasa Federation o aties 201 Federal riorities aties Alasa

aera Bering Sea Food Securit Elders Group Aleut Communit o St aul Association o illage aigating the e Arctic Comment etter Council residents Arctic

90 Climate Change in ort eiden Alasa Strategies or Alasa atie rial Communit ealth ealth Consortium Aleutian and riilo slands

Aleut Communit o St aul sland Comprehensie Economic eelopment Saint aul rial Strateg 2012022 Goernment Aleutian and riilo slands

Food Soereignt and Sel Goernance Collectie eeting nuit Circumpolar Food Soereignt and Sel Goernance nuit Role in Council anaging Arctic arine Resources Arctic

Building a atha to Adance Alasan nuit Food nuit Circumpolar Soereignt Council Arctic

nuit Circumpolar tiagi eclaration 2018 Council Arctic

nuit Circumpolar nuit Circumpolar Council Alasa Strategic lan 20182022 Council Arctic

nuit Circumpolar nuit Arctic olic Council Arctic

Coastal onitoring ndigenous noledge olders eeting nuit Circumpolar Report Council Arctic

Center or Climate and Climate Change in the Bering Strait Region ealth Bering Straits

Bering Straits Comprehensie Economic eelopment Strateg aera Bering Straits

Research rocesses and ndigenous Communities in estern Alasa orshop Report aera Bering Straits

arine ammal il Spill Response ome orshop Feruar 2018 aera Bering Straits

orth Slope Susistence orth Slope Susistence Regional Adisor Council Regional Adisor orth Slope 91 Council

orth Slope Borough orth Slope Borough Comprehensie lan 2019 209 Asseml orth Slope

Southcentral Alasa Susistence Regional Southcentral Alasa Susistence Regional Adisor Council Adisor Council Southcentral

uonusoim elta uonusoim elta Susistence Regional Adisor Susistence Regional Council Adisor Council uonusoim elta

Aleutian and riilo slandsSouthestBering romoting Resilience and Adaptation in Coastal Arctic Alasa Collaoratie Straitsorthest

Esimo alrus Commission Focus Group Summar on Food Esimo alrus SouthestBering Soereignt and Sel Goernance Commission CC Straitsorthestorth Slope

Esimo alrus Commission A Business lan or Sustainailit Esimo alrus SouthestBering 2012020 Commission Straitsorthestorth Slope

Central Council o the Central Council o the lingit aida ndian ries o Alasa lingit aida ndian Climate Change Adaptation lan ries o Alasa Southeast

Energy Security: ● eelopment and research on methods to improe and enlarge the reneale resource ase Bering Straits orth Slope Arctic ○ Eplore potential or natural gas to reduce dependence on imported diesel and ulnerailit to poer cost sings Bering Straits ○ onitor and deelop alternatie energ sources such as solar sstems coal natural gas and ind poer orth Slope Aleutian and riilo slands ● erorm sustainale energ applied research Southest Bering Straits ○ o eneit Bristol Ba Southest ○ n the contet o rural Alasa Southest Aleutian and riilo slands ○ Eplore resilient microgrid technologies to maintain energ securit Bering Straits

Arctic orions Arctic orions Arctic

nuit Circumpolar nuit Arctic olic Council Arctic

Bering Straits Comprehensie Economic eelopment Strateg aera Bering Straits

Energ Securit orth Slope Borough orth Slope Borough Comprehensie lan 2019 209 Asseml orth Slope

Bristol Ba Comprehensie Economic eelopment Strateg Bristol Ba atie 2012021 Association Southest

Southest Alasa unicipal Conerence Comprehensie Southest Alasa Economic eelopment Strateg 2020202 unicipal Conerence Southest

Fisheries ● Enhance the sustainale use and conseration o Alasas marine and reshater resources through research ● dentiication o important cra haitats ● ncrease monitoring o isheries changes ○ Epand data collection and monitoring eorts o e sstem ariales or isheries ○ onitor impact o ocean changes temperature acidit on ish and cra populations ● ncrease understanding o isheries and isheries changes ○ nderstand olloc isher catch impacts on Bering Strait Salmon runs ○ nderstand impacts o largescale industrial ishing on susistence resources ○ o climate change ill aect commerciall aluale isheries ○ nderstand the northard moement o ish stocs and the potential impact o isheries to emerge in the Bering Sea little to no longterm scenarios or data aout impacts to ESA listed species or impacts to susistence resources ● Conduct speciic la analsis and applied research to support seaood and other ood producers in deeloping ne products improing processes and reducing aste ● Support research on auaculture ○ n culturing sstems and cultured species to improe the production and economic iailit o auaculture operations ○ Aout interactions eteen cultured and ild species including implications or disease transmission genetic diersit and ater ualit

Aleut Communit o Fisheries St aul sland Comprehensie Economic eelopment Saint aul rial Strateg 2012022 Goernment Aleutian and riilo slands 93 Bering Straits Comprehensie Economic eelopment Strateg aera Bering Straits

Research rocesses and ndigenous Communities in estern Alasa orshop Report aera Bering Straits

Bering Sea Elders Group orthern Bering Sea and Bering Strait Food Securit Bering Sea Elders Group Bering Straits

Arctic Shipping Federal Adisor Committee Act – aera Comments aera Bering Straits

he ome Esimo ome rial Climate Adaptation lan Communit Bering Straits

Bristol Ba Comprehensie Economic eelopment Strateg Bristol Ba atie 2012021 Association Southest

Central Bering Sea Fishermen’s Association 2018 Annual Central Bering Sea Report Fishermans Association Bering Straits

Central Council o the Central Council o the lingit aida ndian ries o Alasa lingit aida ndian Climate Change Adaptation lan ries o Alasa Southeast

Ocean Acidification: ● Better understand ocean acidiication its impacts and ho people can adapt ● onitor and understand impact o ocean acidit on ish populations

Bering Straits Comprehensie Economic eelopment Strateg aera Bering Straits cean Acidiication Chugach Regional Resources Commission Climate Change Chugach Regional Adaptation lanning roect Resources Commission Southcentral

Sea Ice/Marine Ecosystems: ● Better understand sea ice changes including thicness and coerage ○ ncrease the seasonal readth and spatial resolution o monitoring eorts to trac changes on uture productiit and resilience o coastal arctic ecosstems ● ncrease the shared od o noledge aout marine coastal and atershed ecosstems in Alasa 94 ○ Suort rograms that saeguar marine ecosstems an illie rom marine litter an microlastics ○ esearch to suort unerstaning o inasie secies ● ore research on e secies

he nigenous Sentinel etor he use o communit ase monitoring to enhance oo securit in northern Aleut Communit o St coastal communities aul slan Aleutian an riilo slans

nuit Circumolar tiagi eclaration 2018 Council Arctic

Coastal onitoring nigenous nolege olers eeting nuit Circumolar eort Council Arctic

Sea ce arine Coastal cosstems Bristol Ba Comrehensie conomic eeloment Strateg Bristol Ba atie 2012021 Association Southest

arine ammal arine ammal Commission Summar o Alasa istening Commission istening orth SloeorthestBering Sessions an Anchorage ulic eeting Session otes Straits

Central Council o the Central Council o the lingit aia nian ries o Alasa lingit aia nian Climate Change Aatation lan ries o Alasa Southeast

Harmful Algal Blooms: ● ee or research on the imact o harmul algal looms on marine lie ● ee an Alasa coast ie harmul algal loom sentinel rogram ith regional or illage leel testing ● S monitoring to roie earl etection o emerging oo saet concerns

Alasa Feeration o Alasa Feeration o aties 201 Feeral riorities aties Alasa

Climate Change in ort eien Alasa Strategies or Alasa atie rial armul Algal Blooms Communit ealth ealth Consortium Aleutian an riilo slans

Saoonga arine ammal Aisor Committee Focus rou nuit Circumolar Council Foo Soereignt an Sel oernance nuit ole in Bering Straits 95 anaging Arctic arine esources

Center or Climate an Climate Change in the Bering Strait egion ealth Bering Straits

Water Quality: ● ncrease monitoring o lae conitions an changes ○ As haitat an rining source ○ ncluing timing o reau an reeeu ater leel temerature turiit an other measures o change ● ncrease ater ualit monitoring ● Surace ater ualit monitoring ○ atermonitoring rotocols to test or ossile contamination rom neighoring setic leach iels ○ mact o ermarost change to local ater an sanitation sstems ● ee or research on emerging enironmental changerelate illnesses rom ater sources ● esearch an inormation on atershe changes ○ ecoring an roacast o rier conitions lo ater slie areas an oor ice conition ○ ata are necessar concerning each Arctic atershe an the iological resources that een on it

Climate Change in ort eien Alasa Strategies or Alasa atie rial Communit ealth ealth Consortium Aleutian an riilo slans

nuit Arctic olic nuit Circumolar Council Arctic

Center or Climate an ater ualit Climate Change in the Bering Strait egion ealth Bering Straits

Communit serations on Climate Change Arctic illage Alasa atie rial Fort uon an enetie Alasa ealth Consortium nterior

Alasa atie rial Climate Change in Atasu Alasa ealth Consortium orth Sloe

Infrastructure: ● Focus research roects on threats to communit inrastructure ● ncrease unerstaning o threats to inrastructure 96 ○ otential ramifications of climate change/permafrost thaw on the region’s infrastructure and plan accordingly ○ Improve ‘communications infrastructure’ to better understand risks to the hsical inrastructure For eamle or ith the ational eather Serice S to otain an imroe orecasts or arious eather henomena ● ncrease coorination on climate resilient inrastructure ○ Beteen communit an emergenc lanners to ensure that ne inrastructure consiers ne unerstanings o roecte climate conitions uring the intene esign lie o the inrastructure ○ Aatation lans or inrastructure

Alasa Feeration o Alasa Feeration o aties 201 Feeral riorities aties Alasa

aera Bering Sea lers rou Aleut Communit o St aul Association o illage aigating the e Arctic Comment etter Council resients Arctic

Center or Climate an Climate Change in the Bering Strait egion ealth Bering Straits

Bering Straits Comrehensie conomic eeloment Strateg aera Bering Straits nrastructure Communit serations on Climate Change Arctic illage Alasa atie rial Fort uon an enetie Alasa ealth Consortium nterior

Alasa atie rial Climate Change in Atasu Alasa ealth Consortium orth Sloe

orth Sloe Borough orth Sloe Borough Comrehensie lan 201 20 Asseml orth Sloe

Alasa atie rial Climate Change in Atasu Alasa ealth Consortium orth Sloe

Alasa anscae Aleutian an riilo Conseration slansSouthestBering romoting esilience an Aatation in Coastal Arctic Alasa Cooeraties Straitsorthest

Permafrost: 97 ● reater monitoring and understanding of permafrost changes ○ ia infrastructure monitoring ○ onitoring systems to provide early detection of permafrost change and to prevent structural damage ● Information on the location of permafrost is needed

enter for limate and limate hange in the ering trait egion ealth ering traits ermafrost he ome skimo ome ribal limate daptation lan ommunity ering traits

Erosion / Community Relocation: ● Increased research and data collection on erosion of coasts and rivers ● ore longterm work is needed to understand the interplay of factors including declining seaice etent increasing summertime seasurface temperature rising sea level and possible increases in storm power and corresponding wave action and how they drive changes in coastal erosion ● ommunity driven research that guides mitigation and adaptation responses ○ hare research that builds climate resilience / share and showcase the adaption and innovative mitigation responses including erosion and community relocation ○ eed for comprehensive assessment in all coastal environments and on coastline changes to guide managed response to sealevel rise and storm impacts

laska ederation of atives rosion and laska ative laska ederation of ommunities atives laska

rctic orions rctic orions rctic rosion / ommunity elocation tiagvik eclaration Inuit ircumpolar ouncil rctic

orthwest rctic Improving ocal articipation in esearch in orthwest laska orough orthwest

Community Health: ● evelopment and implementation of regional and national evidencebased suicide prevention strategies ● nvironmental causes of health problems in the rctic should be carefully studied ● Increased research on community health and healing social aspects of health ● ommunity health should be addressed through food security and impacts on community infrastructure ○ esearch proects should focus on proects that support the health of rctic peoples and the sustainability of rctic communities specifically food security and infrastructure 98

tiagvik eclaration Inuit ircumpolar ouncil rctic

Inuit rctic olicy Inuit ircumpolar ouncil rctic

awerak ering ea ommunity ealth lders roup leut ommunity of t aul Island ssociation of illage ouncil avigating the ew rctic omment etter residents rctic

Education: ● evelopment and implementation of new pedagogies/curricula that reflect Indigenous values culture and language ● outh and ender tudies ● ncourage educators to develop awareness about the deleterious effects of coloniation establish a research and knowledge base and form alliances to promote Indigeniation ○ ncourage research and study Indigeniation efforts in education and research worldwide for potential application in Indigenous homelands ○ evelop partnerships between Indigenous researchers and students and institutions of higher education to broaden and deepen the body of Indigenous research ● esearch causes for the high teacher turnover and seek programmatic solutions and funding ● Invest in language research and revitaliation programs

Inuit ircumpolar tiagvik eclaration ouncil rctic

rctic orions rctic orions rctic

Inuit ircumpolar ducation Inuit ducation ouncil rctic

esearch rocesses and Indigenous ommunities in estern laska orkshop eport awerak ering traits

orth lope orough orth lope orough omprehensive lan ssembly orth lope

99 leut ommunity of t aul ribal overnment t aul Island omprehensive conomic evelopment ity of t aul trategy leutian and ribilof Islands

Emissions/Pollutants: ● Increased monitoring of pollutants ○ roactively monitor report and seek protection for transboundary streams and rivers that have a potential to be impacted by current and future mining development in the ukon erritory ○ onitor changes to air uality ● Increased research on pollutants ○ upport work on black carbon/short lived climate influencers ○ esearch into pollution its effects and the ways to mitigate it ○ Identify and effectively address the principal sources of oil pollution in marine environments. These sources may be “operational” discharges from ships (e.g. ballasting ocean dumping of wastes or maor spills from offshore drilling rigs ○ pecific attention to threats including acid rain and snow mercury pollution pesticides polychlorinated biphenyls s s radionuclides and other toic and persistent substances from sources that are in many instances from outside the rctic ● esearch on the impacts of pollutants ○ he effects of antibiotics when they get into waterways ○ Impacts of industrial activity ○ Impact of mineral evelopment on fish and wildlife

limate hange in ort eiden laska trategies for laska ative ribal ommunity ealth ealth onsortium leutian and ribilof Islands

tiagvik eclaration Inuit ircumpolar ouncil rctic

ommunityased onitoring and Indigenous nowledge in a missions / ollutants hanging rctic eview for the ustaining rctic bserving Inuit ircumpolar ouncil etwork rctic

Inuit rctic olicy Inuit ircumpolar ouncil rctic

oastal onitoring Indigenous nowledge olders eeting Inuit ircumpolar ouncil eport rctic 100 esearch rocesses and ndigenous ommunities in estern lasa orshop eport aera ering traits

ering traits omprehensive conomic evelopment trategy aera ering traits

Tanana hiefs esolution rotect Transboundary atersheds onference nterior

Climate Change and Hazard Mitigation: ● ncreased understanding of climate changes and impacts generally ○ ast and present drivers of change in the orth including climate change ○ o climate change ill unfold especially in terms of the rate of change in summer and inter and ho change ill vary beteen the southern and northern regions ○ ore baseline data as it pertains to climate change ○ ncrease ndigenous participation and noledge in climate change research ● reater understanding of the impacts of climate change ○ limate change effect on food and ater security ○ nderstand local impact of climate change ○ esearch effects of climate change on people ○ apid loss of cultural heritage including the loss of ndigenous languages and the destruction of archaeological sites by climate change ○ ore understanding on hat changes are coming ● esearch on climate mitigation and adaptation ○ or to mitigate harmful impacts of climate change ○ esearch and prepare an adaptation plans ○ ontinued research and information to address and mitigate climate change impacts in the elta region. ngage in research to better understand the impacts of climate change on important subsistence resources and or on possible mitigation measures that ill help support subsistence communities ● ollection and data analysis related to coastal haards and haard mitigation planning2

rctic orions rctic orions rctic

limate hange and aard itigation nuit ircumpolar ouncil ildlife anagement ummit nuit ircumpolar eport ouncil rctic

2 FEMA and Hazard mitigation plans are under State synthesis 101 ering ea lders roup orthern ering ea and ering trait cosystem and limate hange ering ea lders roup ering traits

esearch rocesses and ndigenous ommunities in estern lasa orshop eport aera ering traits

esolution stablishing a limate hange dvisory Tanana hiefs ommittee onference nterior

unting ishing athering Tasforce rief Tanana hiefs Tanana hiefs onference onference nterior

lasa ative Tribal limate hange in tasu lasa ealth onsortium orth lope

uisut omprehensive evelopment lan orth lope orough orth lope

orthest rctic mproving ocal articipation in esearch in orthest lasa orough orthest

uonusoim elta uonusoim elta ubsistence egional dvisory ubsistence egional ouncil dvisory ouncil uonusoim elta

ristol ay omprehensive conomic evelopment trategy ristol ay ative ssociation outhest

lasa ative Tribal ealth onsortium limate daptation lasa ative Tribal lans ealth onsortium rctic

ureau of ndian ffairs Tribal esilience rogram unding ards ummary ureau of ndian ffairs rctic

Shipping ● esearch on impacts of shipping ○ f increased shipping on natural resources ○ essel noise ship tracs and oil spills and their conseuences on marine mammal migration as ell as on subsistence practices of nuit and their diverse use of sea ice ○ n food security noise disturbance to marine mammals contaminated discharges conflict ith hunters and fishermen and danger to small boats 102 ○ or still remains to be done in relation to phase out ship air emissions discharge impacts to ildlife impacts to communities climate change ● nvasive species and the potential riss associated ith an increase in shipping

nuit ircumpolar ouncil alls for afe rctic hipping to nuit ircumpolar ouncil rotect nuit ights and the arine nvironment rctic

nuit ircumpolar ouncil ildlife anagement ummit nuit ircumpolar ouncil eport rctic

oastal onitoring ndigenous noledge olders eeting nuit ircumpolar ouncil eport rctic

nuit rctic olicy nuit ircumpolar ouncil rctic

ering traits omprehensive conomic evelopment trategy aera ering traits

esearch rocesses and ndigenous ommunities in estern lasa orshop eport aera ering traits hipping arine ammal il pill esponse ome orshop ebruary aera ering traits

aera omments on nresolved ssues e ort of ome easibility eport aera ering traits

ering ea lders roup orthern ering ea and ering trait ood ecurity ering ea lders roup ering traits

rctic hipping ederal dvisory ommittee ct – aera omments aera ering traits

arine ammal arine ammal ommission ummary of lasa istening ommission istening orth lopeorthestering essions and nchorage ublic eeting ession otes traits

Socio-Ecological Systems: ● onvergent research on socio–ecological systems 103 ●

Sustainable Development/Tourism: ● ● ●

International / Multidisciplinary Collaboration: ● ● ● ● ●

104

105 Appendix 4f: International Document Synthesis International Document Synthesis1

Documents from:

1. Arctic Council, Coastal Expert Monitoring Group (CEMG) 2. Arctic Council, Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CAFF, CBMP) 3. Second Arctic Science Ministerial, Joint Statement (ASM Joint Statement) 4. Second Arctic Science Ministerial (ASM Report) 5. Arctic Council, Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME) 6. International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) 7. EU Polar Net (PolarNet) 8. Arctic Council, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) 9. Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR) 10. Arctic Observing Summit (AOS) 11. Ocean Obs’ 19 (Ocean Obs'19) 12. Arctic Council (SAO Ministerial Statements) 13. Arctic Council, Arctic Contaminants Action Program (ACAP) 14. Arctic Council, Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG) 15. Arctic Council, Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna Working Group (CAFF) 16. Arctic Council, Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response Working Group (EPPR) 17. Central Arctic Ocean Fisheries Agreement (CAO Agreement) 18. Agreement on Enhancing International Arctic Scientific Cooperation (Scientific Cooperation Agreement) 19. Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic: Perspectives from the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Region (AMAP)

Themes:

1 This document was prepared by Sorina Stalla for the Plan Development Steering Group 106 Themes are not in prioritized order. ● nn an Obsen ● nenana ean an aa an ● ba naes ● nnena ane ● ane csses an ea ce ● see ● eas an nasce ● ans an nanans ● an ea an cca ses ● ase an ane ebs ● nasce ● cnc ens ● cc nes ● ne ● ae an anan ● es

Monitoring and Observing ● ee a eee eene an ssane cean bsen sse a ees – a a n ea sse ecn nees – b as ees e cca cc scea benes (Ocean Obs'19) ○ ee eeen an cc ne ena aance ne e bea a ba bsen ae (Ocean Obs'19) ● ee senen neae an ssan cc bseans ( n aeen) ( e) () ● nance cnan cc bseans ncn encan as an nean ba bsen sses (O) ● ne cc cae en caabes a e ce cess nesann () ● ee nesan e en cc casa ecsses n es nae seces csncnn ne an nase seces eac sbns ess esec cae es enca ns an e cesses an ncns () ○ en a sse essbances an e acs ○ an c sbssence seces ae ace b casa ecsse canes c be ace n e e ○ ease an ece canes n cc casa bes ac e anae bes bans ca nens ea an eea enens ● ae cc casa ecsses ace b () ○ ae cane ○ O an as ean ○ nn 107 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ●

International Cooperation and Data Sharing 108 ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Global Linkages ● ● 109

Environmental Change ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

POLAR’s 2020

110 A P 20 202 A A

A A P 20 202 A P A PA

P P s s s ss sss P Rs P P

A A Assss P A A Assss P AAP

As A s 20202 s A s Assss A s A A

Marine Ecosystems and Sea Ice ● s s sss ssss s s s ss s ss s s ss s PA ● Rs s s s PA ● s s PA ● s s A ● R s s A ss sss s ssss A ● s s s A O sss AO A ○ s s s ss A O s ss s ss ss AO A

A A P 20 202 A P A PA

A sss P 20 202 A A

As A s 20202 s A s Assss A s A A 111 A O ss A AO A

Cryosphere ● As s A ss A ● s s s s A ● s s sss A ● s A s s A

A s P 20 202 A A

Permafrost and Infrastructure ● Ps s s A ● ss ss ss s A s s s s s s s ss s s s ● P ss s s s s s s s A s ● A AO s s ○ ss ss s s s s A A AO s s ○ s s s ss s AO s s ○ sss s ss ss A ss AO s s

A P 20 202 A A

Ps s A s P 20202 A s

A s s Arctic Council (SAO Ministerial Statements)

Pollutants and Contaminants

● s A s s ss s s A ● A sss A s s ss AAP 112 ● s ss s s AAP ● Ps ss s POPs s s s P s A AAP AAP ● s s s s sss s ss ss s s s s s AAP ● s LPs s s s s AAP ● Assss s s s s A

A P 20 202 A A

A A Assss P A A Assss P AAP

Ps s A s A P P 20202 A A s A P AAP

As A s 20202 s A s Assss A s A A

Human Health and Sociological Systems ● ss A ● s s s ss POLAR ○ s sss ss s s s s s s s ss ○ sss s s ○ s s ss ● sssss s s sss s ss s s s s s s sss

A P 20 202 A A

ss POLAR’s 2020202 P P POLAR

A s P 20202 A s 113

Waste and Marine Debris ● s s s s s s s ss A AAP AAP PP A AO s s AAP ○ s ss AO s s AAP ○ s s A AO s s ○ s s s s s ss A AAP ○ s s s ss ss AAP

A s s Arctic Council (SAO Ministerial Statements)

A s A P P 20202 A A s A P AAP

A s P 20202 A s s s A A Assss P A A Assss P AAP

As A s 20202 s A s Assss A s A A

Economic Trends ● ss s s A ss s ss s ● ss s s s ● s s ss s s s s s AAP

A s P 20202 A s

s A As A Pss R A A Assss P AAP

Arctic Communities 114 ● Deepen global understanding of the region’s peoples, cultures, traditional ways of life, languages and values and promote traditional and local nowledge ustain and celebrate ndigenous languages, traditional lifeways and practices upport the identification and promotion of heritage sites and areas of cultural significance in the rctic D

rctic ouncil, ustainable Development rctic ommunities oring roup or lan rctic ouncil, ustainable Development oring roup D

Energy ● romote responsible and sustainable management, use and development of energy and resources as well as innovative approaches encouraging renewable energy in even the most remote rctic communities D

rctic ouncil, ustainable Development nergy oring roup or lan rctic ouncil, ustainable Development oring roup D

Water and Sanitation ● trengthen the participation of local communities in improving sustainable water, sanitation and waste disposal management with an eye to the uniue engineering challenges and environmental riss that the region faces D

rctic ouncil, ustainable Development ater and anitation oring roup or lan rctic ouncil, ustainable Development oring roup D

Biodiversity ● ddress monitoring and research gaps in scientific nowledge identified as priorities in the and rctic iodiversity ongress ● dvance and sustain the rctic iodiversity Data ervice ● Develop and apply standards of the rctic patial Data nfrastructure D and further develop use of remote sensing

ctions for rctic iodiversity iodiversity implementing the recommendations of the rctic iodiversity ssessment rctic ouncil, onservation of rctic lora and auna oring roup

Risk Management and Response ● Developing guidance and ris assessment methodologies

rctic ouncil, mergency revention, is anagement and esponse reparedness and esponse or lan rctic ouncil, mergency revention, reparedness and esponse oring roup 115

Adaptation: ● eed to implement research and monitoring focused on adaptation ● eed to address methodological and nowledge gaps in evaluating adaptation actions over time and better understand how adaptation actions may set up path dependencies by facilitating or constraining future action ○ eed for longitudinal studies, for assessment of the effectiveness of adaptive actions, and for international comparisons with other regions ● etter understanding of the cumulative impacts of climate change, industrial development, and societal change, including the comple dynamics of crossscale and crosssector comparisons ● need for eplanatory versus descriptive social science approaches to adaptation, including behavioral sciences, institutional analysis, and policy analysis imilarly, a nowledge gap eists in interdisciplinary wor that could better engage the social sciences in adaptation research, especially psychology, communication, and decision sciences

daptation ctions for a hanging rctic daptation erspectives from the eringhuchi eaufort egion rctic ouncil, rctic onitoring and ssessment rogramme

116 Appendix 4g: State Document Synthesis State of Alaska Strategic Document Synthesis1

Documents from: State of Alaska: 1. State of Alaska Department of Military and Veteran Affairs (DMVA) 2. Alaska Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management (Alaska DHS) 3. Department of Health and Social Services, Alaska Division of Public Health (DHSS) 4. Alaska Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development (DCCED) 5. Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG) 6. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence (ADFG Subsistence) 7. Alaska Department of Fish and Game - Management and Research (ADFG Research) 8. Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) 9. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) 10. State of Alaska Epidemiology, Department of Health and Social Services (State of Alaska Epidemiology) 11. State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DNR)

State of Alaska Recommender Bodies:

12. Climate Action for Alaska Leadership Team (CALT) 13. The Alaska Native Language Preservation & Advisory Council (ANLPAC) 14. Alaska Harmful Algal Bloom Network, Alaska Dept. of Health and Social Services & Alaska Dept. of Environmental Conservation (Alaska Harmful Algal Bloom Network) 15. AYK Chinook Salmon Research Action Plan, AYK Sustainable Salmon Initiative (AYKSSI) 16. Alaska Arctic Policy Commission, State Legislature (AAPC) 17. The Alaska State Committee for Research (Committee for Research)

Cross Cutting Themes: Cross cutting themes are themes that emerge across and exist within the individual themes listed below. Cross-cutting themes are not in prioritized order.

● Community resilience ● Monitoring

State of Alaska Themes: Themes are not in prioritized order.

● Hazard Mitigation and Natural Disaster Management ● Erosion/Flooding/Community Relocation

1 This document was prepared by Sorina Stalla for the Plan Development Steering Group 117 ● Infrastructure ● Species Management ● Public Health ● Mariculture ● Ocean Acidification ● Harmful Algal Blooms ● Energy ● Subsistence ● Fisheries

State of Alaska Recommending Bodies Themes2: • Climate Change • Community Resilience • Clean and Efficient Energy • Resource Extraction • Indigenous Languages • Public Health • Harmful Algal Blooms • Fisheries • Agriculture • Species Management • Technology • Shipping

Hazard Mitigation and Natural Disaster Management ● Small Community Emergency Response Plans identify main hazards/threats facing small communities in Alaska as floods, tsunamis, wildland fires, and pandemics, among others that are not climate related like terrorism and earthquakes (DMVA) ● The State of Alaska Hazard Mitigation Plan identifies the eight natural hazards that potentially threaten Alaska as (Alaska DHS): ○ Cryosphere: ■ Encourage agencies to develop localized landslide and avalanche zone maps ○ Earthquakes ■ Modern seismic monitoring and recording to record and evaluate the seismic response of built infrastructure for opportunities to improve design and construction ○ Floods

2 Themes are not in priority order 118 ■ Understand/create prioritized list of potential flood damage structures and promote development practices that reduce flood risk ○ Ground failure ■ Develop an inventory of historical landslides and landslide prone areas ○ Tsunami: Research and implement rapid tsunami forecasting methods ■ Identify, locate, and characterize tsunami sources in Alaska ■ Research and model the tsunami risk for vulnerable coastal communities. ■ Obtain bathymetric data for accurate tsunami inundation mapping ■ Research and model the tsunami risk for vulnerable coastal communities ■ Develop tsunami inundation maps for tsunami-threatened communities statewide ■ Encourage NOAA to continue researching and developing rapid tsunami warning technologies such as near real-time moment tensor inversion, extension of earthquake source inversion procedures, and “GPS shield technique” early tsunami warning efforts ○ Volcano ■ Conduct comprehensive volcano hazard and risk assessments for the Cook Inlet ○ Weather ■ Expand Weather Monitoring Networks ○ Wildlife Fire ● Establish a baseline of local knowledge and understanding of risk management concepts (DCCED) ● Monitor and understand future impacts of climate related geologic hazards (DGGS)

Small Community Emergency Response Plans State of Alaska Department of Military and Veteran Affairs (DMVA)

Alaska Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management State of Alaska State Hazard Mitigation Plan (Alaska DHS) Hazard Mitigation and Natural Disaster Management Alaska Mapping Business Plan Integrating Mapping, Risk Alaska Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Assessment, and Resilience Planning Development (DCCED)

Alaska and Climate Change Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS)

Erosion/Flooding/Community Relocation ● Understand and plan for community risks and need for community relocation from erosion, flooding, storm surge, and thawing permafrost (DCCED) ● Safety and travel, forecasting (DCCED, Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative) ● Increased baseline data related to flooding and erosion (DNR)

Alaska Mapping Business Plan Integrating Mapping, Risk Alaska Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Assessment, and Resilience Planning Development (DCCED) Erosion/Flooding/Community Relocation

Alaska Coastal Mapping Gaps & Priorities for the assessment State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources Division of 119 of coastal flood erosion haards Geological Geophysical Surveys

Infrastructure

● ssessment of community infrastructure threatened y erosion, flooding and permafrost degradation , Adapt Y‐K Delta Partnership) ● nderstanding of how trails and transportation corridors will e affected y thawing permafrost and lack of river ice , Adapt Y‐K Delta Partnership)

laska apping usiness Plan ntegrating apping, isk laska epartment of ommerce, ommunity, and conomic nfrastructure ssessment, and esilience Planning evelopment

Species Management ● nderstand species shifts ○ ook at links and relationships among trophic levels and drivers, and need for flexile susistenceharvest management including invasive species , estern laska andscape onservation ooperative ○ nformation on susistence activities impacting y shifting seasons , Adapt Y‐K Delta Partnership) ● ork with S and SS to conduct research on marine mammals G esearch ● ncrease understanding of small game grouse, ptarmigan, hares, etc G esearch ● onduct research on waterfowl G esearch ● ill information gaps on threatened and endangered species G esearch ● nderstand and manage wildlife diseases G esearch

laska apping usiness Plan ntegrating apping, isk laska epartment of ommerce, ommunity, and conomic ssessment, and esilience Planning evelopment Species anagement laska epartment of ish and Game anagement and laska epartment of ish and Game anagement and esearch esearch G esearch

Public Health ● ssess potential health impacts of climate change State of laska pidemiology ● dentify gaps in the pulic health system SS ● ncrease availaility of reliale, trusted pulic health data to improve the health of laskans SS

ealthy laskans State ealth ssessment epartment of ealth and Social Services, laska ivision of Pulic ealth SS Pulic ealth ssessment of the Potential ealth mpacts of limate State of laska pidemiology, epartment of ealth and Social hange in laska Services State of laska pidemiology 120

Mariculture ● esearh and deelpent ariltre sstes ‐ eistin ariltre panies ariltre enhaneent ne panies ne prdts and ariltre ildin apait AD) ○ esearh n aralae ○ esearh n enhaneent ● esearh n arine inerterates AD) ○ esearh n ethds r atin disease treas ○ denti shellish resistant t ean aidiiatin ● tdies n ariltre enis and enirnental inratin releant r Alasa ariltre AD) ○ nitrin itins and lletin eanraphi data ○ ater alit nitrin ● nreased nderstandin eistin and eerin threats disease ean aidiiatin harl alal ls aterial diseases and liate hane AD)

ariltre Alasa ariltre Deelpent Plan Alasa Departent ish and ae AD)

Ocean Acidification ● he ipat ean aidiiatin n ariltre AD) ○ n ter nitrin ○ nderstand ariailit in arnate paraeters ○ nderstand ilial and eni riss

ean Aidiiatin Alasa ariltre Deelpent Plan Alasa Departent ish and ae AD)

Harmful Algal Blooms ● he ipat harl alal ls n ariltre AD) ○ denti enirnental nditins assiated ith harl alal ls ○ n ter nitrin ○ denti spatial etent ls and eanraphi presses that lin ls ○ denti linaes eteen seed eds and ls ○ Deelp preditie dels

arl Alal ls Alasa ariltre Deelpent Plan Alasa Departent ish and ae AD)

Energy ● Deelpent sae reliale and eiient ener sstes AA) 121 ner Alasa ner Athrit Alasa ner Athrit AA)

Subsistence ● pile data and ndt stdies n the rle ssistene in the lies Alasans AD sistene) ○ anti the ant ntritinal ale and etent dependene n d aired thrh ssistene hntin and ishin ● alate the ipat state and ederal las and relatins n ssistene hntin and ishin AD sistene) ● ndt ssistene harest assessents AD esearh)

Alasa Departent ish and ae Diisin sistene AD Alasa Departent ish and ae Diisin sistene sistene) sistene Alasa Departent ish and ae ‐ anaeent and Alasa Departent ish and ae ‐ anaeent and esearh esearh AD esearh)

Fisheries ● esearh and st assessents hin aln AD esearh) ● enetis researh n eriall iprtant ish and shellish AD esearh) ● nitr inish and shellish diseases AD esearh)

Alasa Departent ish and ae ‐ anaeent and Alasa Departent ish and ae ‐ anaeent and esearh isheries esearh AD esearh)

Climate Change ● trenthen siene and researh n liate hane AAP) ○ nrprate raditinal Knlede int siene and researh ○ pre data llaratin interatin anaeent and ln‐ter strae and arhiin ○ nitrin aseline and seratinal data lletin t enhane nderstandin arti esstes and reinal liate hanes ○ pred eather ater and ie reastin sstes ○ pdate hdrarn and ineral resre appin and estiates in the Alasan Arti ● pprt researh and data atherin and enae lal and reinal entities and niipal and trial ernents in nit ris nitrin assessent and plannin A) ○ liate researh and nitrin prras in respnse t priritied nit needs ○ nrease the eia and aessiilit lnerailit and ris assessent tls and atiities inldin their tilit r nitrin ealatin and priritiin threats ● nitr and ather data needed t etter nderstand the ipats liate hane n the natral enirnent t identi areas hih lnerailit and ris A) ittee r esearh) ○ ih‐alit liate seratins er etended perids 122 ○ latie ipat researh ○ nreased prras that pride ritial arine atspheri and terrestrial data inldin peratins eipent and inrastrtre ○ Assess ipat liate hane n d serit ○ Continue and increase monitoring and reporting on ocean acidification and its impacts on Alaska’s fisheries and coastal/marine esstes ● r t etter nderstand and address enirnental and esste hanes and their eet n han health and ell‐ein A) ● nreased earth siene researh in eneral an enale re arate preditins hanin enirnental nditins that ntrite t perarst tha ldin and astal ersin ittee r esearh)

Alasa Arti Pli issin pleentatin Plan Alasa Arti Pli issin tate eislatre AAP)

liate hane Alasa liate esiliene liate Atin r Alasa eadership ea A)

he Alasa iene and ehnl Plan he Alasa tate ittee r esearh ittee r esearh)

Community Resilience ● nderstand h nities an respnd t enirnental and sial hanes ittee r esearh) ○ esearh n ssistene rral‐ran iratin sstainale nities ris pereptin and ther aspets sial eni and ltral hane

nit esiliene he Alasa iene and ehnl Plan he Alasa tate ittee r esearh ittee r esearh)

Clean and Efficient Energy ● Prte and eprt tehnlial and press innatin related t arn eissin redtin and seestratin A) ● ndt an analsis setrs that ill e impacted by the state’s energy transition to a low‐arn tre A) ● denti as t rede itie eissins and inrease arn aptre se strae and seestratin A) ● esearh related t arn eissin redtin and itiatin at the niersit and ther instittins A) ● identi researh aps inldin tls that alate land rest etlands and ater arn seestratin A) ● dentiiatin resres and ptial sites r per eneratin is needed ittee r esearh) ● pred tehnl n eiient he heatin ittee r esearh) AAP)

Alasa Arti Pli issin pleentatin Plan Alasa Arti Pli issin tate eislatre AAP)

lean and iient ner Alasa liate esiliene liate Atin r Alasa eadership ea A)

he Alasa iene and ehnl Plan he Alasa tate ittee r esearh ittee r esearh)

Resource Extraction ● se tehnl and ipred data t reine il perittin t e re eiient and sientiiall snd ittee r esearh) ● Deelp and ipleent adaned eplratin and prdtin tehnl ittee r esearh) ● atral as researh ittee r esearh) 123 ● mproing oil spill response through better mapping communications cooperation and inestment Committee for esearch

esource traction he Alaska cience and echnology lan he Alaska tate Committee for esearch Committee for esearch

Indigenous Languages ● romote surial and enhancement of Alaska atie anguages AAC Committee for esearch ○ esearch urey the umbers of Alaska atie anguage peakers

he Alaska atie anguage reseration Adisory Councils iennial eport to the oernor and he Alaska atie anguage reseration Adisory Council ndigenous anguages egislature AAC

he Alaska cience and echnology lan he Alaska tate Committee for esearch Committee for esearch

Public Health ● onitor climate change induced health impacts and surey for climate change health indicators Committee for esearch ● esearch on enironmental health risks Committee for esearch ○ mpact of contaminants on food safety and security improed infrastructure for water supplies sewage and waste disposal air uality maternal and child health and occupational health and safety Also important are ecosystem and human health ties including toicology oonotic diseases and other infectious agents and methods for monitoring food and water safety Committee for esearch ● esearch and deelopment on epidemiology in rural populations Committee for esearch ● ncreased understanding on behaioral health challenges and causes for mental health challenges Committee for esearch ● tudies on ruralurban health disparities Committee for esearch

ublic ealth he Alaska cience and echnology lan he Alaska tate Committee for esearch Committee for esearch

Harmful Algal Blooms ● dentify information needs data gaps and emerging threats Alaska armful Algal loom etwork ● pand monitoring and deelop forecasting capabilities Alaska armful Algal loom etwork

Alaska armful Algal loom etwork Alaska ept of ealth and armful Algal looms ocial erices Alaska ept of nironmental Conseration Alaska Alaska armful Algal loom etwork armful Algal loom etwork

Fisheries ● nderstand the trends and causes of ariation in Chinook salmon abundance A ○ hich ariables and processes are the most likely causatie factors of the A Chinook salmon declines ○ etter understand the key driers of salmon abundance in the region ● esearch on coastal and oceanic food webs Committee for esearch ● nderstand impact of ocean acidification on fisheries Committee for esearch 124 ● peciesspecific assessment and modeling for salmon sablefish pollock halibut Committee for esearch ● ncreased research on mariculture potential Committee for esearch ● ongterm monitoring process studies and models of fish and their habitats Committee for esearch

A Chinook almon esearch Action lan A ustainable almon

isheries A Chinook almon esearch Action lan nitiatie A he Alaska cience and echnology lan he Alaska tate Committee for esearch Committee for esearch

Agriculture ● esearch into bolstering local food production and improing food security Committee for esearch ● Continued study of the neus of food energy and water Committee for esearch

Agriculture he Alaska cience and echnology lan he Alaska tate Committee for esearch Committee for esearch

Species Management ● esearch into marine ecosystem structure and processes endangered and stressed species contaminants effects of water system changes on auatic communities and marine mammal management Committee for esearch

pecies anagement he Alaska cience and echnology lan he Alaska tate Committee for esearch Committee for esearch

Technology ● esearch and deelopment of mapping sensing and unmanned aerial systems Committee for esearch ● esearch on technology to improe land transportation e construction techniues to improe road longeity Committee for esearch ● esearch on feasibility of using net generation airships for cargo transport in Alaska Committee for esearch ● esearch on techniues for improing laying fiberoptic cable in hostile Alaskan enironments such as rier crossings and permafrost soil Committee for esearch

echnology he Alaska cience and echnology lan he Alaska tate Committee for esearch Committee for esearch

Shipping ● easibility studies of epanded shipping and related construction of ports and infrastructure Committee for esearch ● ngineering studies to improe port design and operations and integration of marine transportation into intermodal systems Committee for esearch ● esearch on global supply chain logistics to decrease the amount of perishables spoiled or damaged en route to Alaskan communities Committee for esearch

hipping he Alaska cience and echnology lan he Alaska tate Committee for esearch Committee for esearch

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Appendix 4h: Federal Input Synthesis (Input provided by federal agencies through IARPC Staff Group, spring–summer 2020) Introduction 1 Agencies were asked to provide input on 1) critical issues where federally-funded science and engineering research can provide knowledge to promote good decision-making at all levels related to the Arctic and 2) the organization and structure of the Arctic Research Plan (2022-2026) and how it might be developed to better meet and communicate the science needs and plans for the Arctic. Agencies that submitted comments include: Department of Defense; Department of Energy; Department of Interior; Department of Transportation; Department of Health and Human Services; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation; Smithsonian; US Arctic Observing Network Board; and U.S. Coast Guard. The direct input from the Federal agencies, summarized here, complements the synthesis of information from Federal documents included in the Federal Strategic Documents Synthesis.

How to Use the Synthesis This document is a synthesis of the main, current research themes and organizational comments presented by federal agencies for the development of the next Plan. This document should be used to inform the Plan Development Workshop and as an aid to drafting teams. The synthesis has two sections: 1) a synthesis of input related to the organization of the Plan and specific comments related to process and structure of the Plan and of IARPC Collaborations; 2) a synthesis of critical research areas that should be considered in the next Plan. This synthesis does not represent a consensus on the plan organization, structure, or content, it relays ideas put forth by one or more of the aforementioned agencies.

Section 1: Plan Organization and Structure Maintain from Previous Plan: Maintain the structure of policy drivers and research goals as well as a detailed description of how research aligns with policy drivers and agency-specific research priorities.

Changes for New Plan: The Plan should focus on what is new and different from the last Plan. Consider opportunities for applied research and research that supports decision making (for example, that can help assess risks and impacts and apply/evaluate options for mitigation/adaptation) while also ensuring that fundamental research remains a priority. Include a greater emphasis on operational research. Create a more streamlined Plan that focuses on strategic drivers and cross-cutting foci that address fewer, highly interdisciplinary efforts with a focus on meeting stakeholder needs. Emphasize diversity, equality and inclusion activities for researchers, stakeholders, and communities. Increase stakeholder input and access to outcomes. Include health discussions on Covid 19. Integrate health and well-being into other objectives and activities. Link objectives to National Security objectives, programs, and concerns. Elevate charting and mapping needs in the Arctic.

Funding: IARPC should support efforts that fall between agency missions and consider what it takes to be able to more effectively share non-federal data.

Community Engagement: The way that IARPC engages the broader community of scientists and stakeholders is not evident in the Plan itself. Encourage interactions with stakeholder communities across the United States and internationally. There is also a need for a more directed IARPC role in sustained northern community engagement especially in coordinating science communication and supporting co-production processes. Develop an Indigenous engagement strategy that includes an Indigenous Engagement Coordinator position within the IARPC Secretariat. The Plan should promote community-driven research and community-based observations and collaboration teams should encourage and compensate Indigenous participation There is a need for increased involvement from Arctic communities specifically on health objectives and research.

Policy Drivers2: Consider that current drivers do not capture key aspects of stewardship or Indigenous community involvement and protections.

Goals: Focus on goals that can be collectively accomplished and allow for aspirational research goals. Consider reducing the number of top-level goals. Include specific actionable goals relative to agency missions and policy directives that incorporate goals of agencies. Goals should include ocean components and interactions of ocean with atmosphere, sea ice, and land.

1 This document was prepared by Sorina Stalla for the Plan Development Steering Group 2 For a fuller discussion on policy drivers see Policy Driver White Paper 126 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

Performance Elements: Consider what style and format the performance elements should be. For example, how specific they should be, how many there should be, and if there is the option to update them throughout implementation.

Collaboration Teams: Review existing teams and re-evaluate the purpose of teams to ensure agencies come together with the research community to identify needs and opportunities, with the goal of making progress towards the performance elements. Teams should focus on interdisciplinary topics and cross-cutting collaborations. Realign collaboration teams to match new Plan goals. Allow teams to define questions under objectives as their meetings are held. Consider eliminating or reorganizing the Environmental Intelligence (EI) Team to allow for greater synergy across other teams. Lead agency POCs should be more easily identifiable.

Section 2: Plan Content

Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Forecasting: Improve modeling, and earth systems analysis. Invest in long-term observations and monitoring to advance predictive capabilities. Improve ability to connect observations across scales and support activities that leverage existing observatories. Develop platforms that enable year-round observations on land and sea ice, in the Arctic Ocean and related seas, and implement comprehensive monitoring of the marine environment to support regional climate models. Improve data collection, modeling and dissemination of weather as well as forecasting/prediction and earth systems analysis, and research on weather and ice forecasting. Develop regional ecosystem forecasting in conjunction with sustained in situ monitoring of physical and chemical oceanography. Measure, monitor, model, and predict the Arctic and its processes as an interconnected system. Increase monitoring and observing in shoulder seasons.

Environmental and Arctic Systems Change: Increase understanding of the drivers of Arctic change and the impacts of highlatitude change on lower-latitude systems. Increase understanding and predictive capabilities of the rapid pace of environmental change in the Arctic. Understand to what extent changes in Arctic regions are driven by local versus global influences, and what the impacts of high-latitude change on lower-latitude systems are. Research on coupled Arctic biogeochemical processes and their regional and global impacts. Research on how the Arctic cryosphere will change under a range of potential future conditions. Research on how Arctic surface energy budget will be impacted by changes in sea ice, atmospheric structure, aerosols, clouds, and their interactions under current and future conditions. Enhance understanding of boundary conditions and processes between ocean, ice, land, and air. Understand boreal peatland/wetland system changes and reactive transport modeling of groundwater–surface-water–ice water dynamics and interactions.

Atmospheric Science: Address quality of reanalysis efforts in the Arctic. Improve understanding of the details and processes controlling Arctic cloud microphysical and macrophysical properties. Improve understanding Arctic aerosol properties. Increase understanding of Arctic tropospheric state. Increase understanding of surface-atmosphere interactions. Assess linkages between Arctic atmospheric processes and lower latitudes and enhance fundamental understanding of the key physical and chemical processes driving Arctic weather and climate and impacting the rate of climatic change at high latitudes.

Indigenous Engagement: Develop a framework for Indigenous and local community engagement in research that supports understanding environmental change and impacts to food security. Invest in co-production science that holistically responds to environmental unknowns and community needs. Build capacity for research in northern communities including projects that co- produce knowledge, Indigenous scholarship, STEM education, and building of local research infrastructure.

International Cooperation and Partnership: Better support and incorporate international cooperation/efforts into the Plan. Continue coordination on radar observations and integration of data sets. Improve research access to the Arctic, including increasing safety and environmental stewardship. Conduct interagency synthesis on data from The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOASiC) and conduct activities around MOSAiC data. Continue cooperation with Greenland including integration of in situ and satellite measurements, as well as NASA-ESA-led international coordination on changes in methane emissions from Arctic permafrost.

Education: Support activities that use Arctic research to strengthen STEM education.

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Emissions and Pollutants:

Erosion, Permafrost, and Infrastructure:

Energy Development, Shipping, Hazard Response and Mitigation: Alaska’s natural and man

Technology:

Community Resilience and Cultural Resources:

Community Health:

Ecosystem Changes, Species Management, and Ice:

Convergence Research and Socio-Ecological Systems:

Water Resource Management:

Data Management:

National Security and Defense: 128 iarpccollaborations.org Appendix 4i: Full List of Comments Received

Research Themes (research themes were generated by the IARPC Commentor Affiliation Representative Group Comment Mechanism Comment Plan Development Steering Group, not by the original commenter)

From your perspective, what are Santiago Gassó Research Scientist Academic IARPC Online Form Atmospheric Science the critical issues for your From your perspective, what are Ben Kravitz Indiana University Academic IARPC Online Form Atmospheric Science the critical issues for your I would like to see research on or Heidi Rader University of Alaska Fairbanks Academic FRN Community Health policy work done on how increasing It's well documented that when Scott Jerome University of Alaska Fairbanks Academic FRN Community Health traditional and subsistence In the section about human Denise Dilard Southcentral Foundation Indigenous IARPC Online Form Community Health health, #4 below should be #1 United States Geological Verbal/Bering Research Public health advice tied to Caroline Van Hemert Federal Community Health Survey Listening Session research is needed Community Health Aide, Comment Box/IARPC Public when a community in the Arctic Rosemary Ahtuangaruak Indigenous Community Health Nuiqsut, Alaska and 2018 Arctic Webinar is facing health and wellness Community Health Aide, Comment Box/IARPC Public Much of the process has been Rosemary Ahtuangaruak Indigenous Community Health Nuiqsut, Alaska and 2018 Arctic Webinar to document the Arctic yet Community Health Aide, Comment Box/IARPC Public Area of the Arctic have wellness Rosemary Ahtuangaruak Indigenous Community Health Nuiqsut, Alaska and 2018 Arctic Webinar indicators yet many indicators Steven Zornetzer Secure the Future Non-profit/NGO FRN Link to Comment Letter Cryosphere There is a very significant gap Igor Appel Academic Email Cryosphere in American studies and International Association of Alex Loureiro Private Sector FRN Link to Comment Letter Ecosystem Changes and Species Management Geophysical Contractors Invasive species are a big issue NA NA Indigenous Verbal/BIA Providers Ecosystem Changes and Species Management for many communities Verbal/Bering Research Research needs: Biomass NA NA NA Ecosystem Changes and Species Management Listening Session shifts, Benthic life history of Verbal/Bering Research Betsy Baker North Pacific Research Board Academic Shifts and implications Ecosystem Changes and Species Management Listening Session I'm and Alaska resident Greg Merrill Duke University Academic FRN Emissions and Pollutants currently pursuing a PhD at Resource Development Council Marleanna Hall Private Sector FRN Link to Comment Letter Energy Development, Shipping, Hazard Response and Mitigation for Alaskans Understanding risk for Don Antrobus Denali Commission Federal Verbal/BIA Providers Energy Development, Shipping, Hazard Response and Mitigation communities is science that is Bering Strait Native Verbal/Bering Research Use Arctic ports development Indigenous Energy Development, Shipping, Hazard Response and Mitigation Coorporation Listening Session as opportunity for more Verbal/Alaska Forum on the There is a lot of talk about NA NA NA Energy Development, Shipping, Hazard Response and Mitigation Environment Arctic development. What is the I write to suggest additional Frederick Nelson Michigan State University Academic FRN Erosion and Permafrost topical coverage in the Coastal and river erosion are NA NA NA Verbal/BIA Providers Erosion and Permafrost big issues for many There sould be more of a focus Mark Leary Napiamute Village Indigenous Verbal/BIA Providers Erosion and Permafrost on interior communities I am writing about efforts by the Douglas Molyneaux NA FRN Fisheries IARPC to develop an Arctic Cold Climate Housing Research Jack Hebert Private Sector FRN Link to Comment Letter Infrastructure Center I participated in the recent Olaf Kuhlke University of Minnesota Duluth Academic FRN Infrastructure IARPC Zoom call on the 5-year One of the pressing and Ming Xiao The Pennsylvania State University Academic FRN Infrastructure significant issues facing the My particular interest is in trails, Eric Troyer NA FRN Infrastructure motorized and non-motorized. I From your perspective, what are Lorene A Lynn Red Mountain Consulting LLC Private Sector IARPC Online Form Infrastructure the critical issues for your From your perspective, what are Paul Thompson Capitol Technology University Academic IARPC Online Form Infrastructure the critical issues for your Alaska Travel Industry ATIA will work with community Julie Jessen Private Sector Written Infrastructure Association leaders, Alaska Native Comment Box/IARPC Public The roles healthy, energy Jack Hébert Private Sector Infrastructure Webinar efficient, affordable and Consider how to support ASSW Participant International Verbal/ASSW Online Session International Cooperation and Partnership international collaborations in Ways to brainstorm around ASSW Participant International Verbal/ASSW Online Session International Cooperation and Partnership smaller scale international Continue to push collaborations ASSW Participant International Verbal/ASSW Online Session International Cooperation and Partnership btw IARPC and IASC working US researchers might use EU ASSW Participant International Verbal/ASSW Online Session International Cooperation and Partnership priorities, those from other Arctic Centre/University of Comment Box/IARPC Public Multiple research goals Adrian Braun International International Cooperation and Partnership Lapland) Webinar correspond to the thematic area

129 Comment Box/IARPC Public In the Bering Strait region, the Gay Sheffeild Sea Grant, Nome AK Academic International Cooperation and Partnership Webinar ecosystems are shared - yet US Celia Bitz and Ed Blanchard- University of Washington Academic FRN Link to Comment Letter Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Forecasting Wrigglesworth Richard Cullather University of Maryland Academic FRN Link to Comment Letter Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Forecasting

Uma Bhatt Sea Ice Prediction Network Academic FRN Link to Comment Letter Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Forecasting We, the undersigned, Wibert Weijer Los Alamos National Lab Academic FRN Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Forecasting recommend that IARPCs Arctic From your perspective, what are Adrian Gall ABR, Inc. Private Sector IARPC Online Form Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Forecasting the critical issues for your Verbal/Bering Research Research needs: Returning to NA NA NA Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Forecasting Listening Session places where surveys have Center for Space Policy and RE: Draft space language Karen Jones Private Sector Word Document Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Forecasting Strategy for inclusion in Arctic Research Comment Box/IARPC Public To what extent is Arctic sea Andrew Roberts NA Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Forecasting Webinar level rise being considered as This submission is done on Dmitry Dukhoskoy Florida State University Academic FRN Oceanic Processes, High Latitude Systems and Global Linkages behalf of and with input from - NASA Langley Research From your perspective, what are Patrick Taylor Academic IARPC Online Form Oceanic Processes, High Latitude Systems and Global Linkages Center the critical issues for your Alaska Center for Climate Verbal/Bering Research Ocean Weather info (for safety), Rick Thoman Academic Oceanic Processes, High Latitude Systems and Global Linkages Assesment and Policy Listening Session Share data (at least in part) Alaska Department of Fish & Link to Comment Letter (cover Dani Evenson State FRN Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Game letter to comment letter located American Native Rights Fund Eric Dougherty Lynch Non-profit/NGO FRN Link to Comment Letter Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement on behalf of Kawerak Eleanor Huffines Pew Charitable Trust Non-profit/NGO FRN Link to Comment Letter Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Aaron Poe, Danielle Stickman, Northern Latitudes Partnersips Non-profit/NGO FRN Link to Comment Letter Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Leanna Heffner Mellisa Johnson Bering Sea Elders Group Indigenous FRN Link to Comment Letter Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Alaska Eskimo Whaling On behalf of the AEWC Arnold Brower Indigenous FRN Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Commission Subsistence Villages, I re- Work with the Alaska Institute of Jackie Quinhagak Village Indigenous Verbal/BIA Providers Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Justice which connects many Fishtival and FishExpo are Adelheid Herrmann Naknek Village Indigenous Verbal/BIA Providers Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement good times to engage (during How research is done in NA Verbal/AGU Listening Session Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Greenland and Canada is more NSF EPSCORE people can Pips Veazey University of Alaska Fairbanks Academic Verbal/AGU Listening Session Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement help with connecting people in Can the next 5-year plan be co- NA NA NA Verbal/AGU Listening Session Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement produced? Alaska Eskimo Walrus Verbal/Bering Research Communicating and Vera Metcaf Indigenous Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Commission Listening Session collaborating with villages is a Verbal/Bering Research Acknowledge interrelated Danielle Stickman Western Alaska LCC Non-profit/NGO Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Listening Session nature of all parts, lists of United States Arctic Research Verbal/Bering Research Funding for communications Cheryl Rosa Federal Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Commission Listening Session and engaging industry Verbal/Alaska Forum on the Advises to have delicate NA NA Indigenous Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Environment outreach to tribes and native Verbal/Alaska Forum on the Letters and phone calls to NA NA Indigenous Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Environment follow up are recommended. What can the research NA NA Mixed Verbal/AFE Listening Session Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement community do better? Connect more systematically ASSW Participant International Verbal/ASSW Online Session Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Arctic Council Working Groups. How to share/develop ASSW Participant International Verbal/ASSW Online Session Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement mechanisms to work with Address participation fatigue ASSW Participant International Verbal/ASSW Online Session Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement through compensation and Comment Box/IARPC Public I feel like IARPC is missing Aaron Poe Non-profit/NGO Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Webinar great insights from Indigenous Comment Box/IARPC Public The Bering Strait region is not Gay Sheffeild Sea Grant, Nome AK Academic Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Webinar an organized borough and Comment Box/IARPC Public The plan helps increase Jim Hannigan NA Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Webinar awareness and synergy in Comment Box/IARPC Public Communications need to be Gay Sheffeild Sea Grant, Nome AK Academic Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement Webinar improved regarding scientific Plan Organization and Jen Mercer National Science Foundation Federal Verbal/AGU Listening Session Plan Organization and Structure Structure; Plan Development Currently very disciplinary. Cynthia Suchman National Science Foundation Federal Verbal/AGU Listening Session Plan Organization and Structure Should we look at the grand National Aeronautics and The plan should be flexible Richard Cullather Federal Verbal/AGU Listening Session Plan Organization and Structure Space Administration enough to respond to emerging

130 Have someone look at the way Pips Veazey University of Alaska Fairbanks Academic Verbal/AGU Listening Session Plan Organization and Structure IARPC collaborations teams are What about a hybrid? Some NA NA NA Verbal/AGU Listening Session Plan Organization and Structure teams that continue to Verbal/Alaska Forum on the Consider having a group NA NA NA Plan Organization and Structure Environment focused, on indigenous issues Comment Box/IARPC Public Will the plan include language Megan Alvanna Stimpfle Indigenous Plan Organization and Structure Webinar to address systemic and Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement; Plan Julie Raymond-Yakobian Kawerak Indigenous FRN Link to Comment Letter Organization and Structure Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement; Plan Amos Philemonoff Aleut Community of St Paul Indigenous FRN Link to Comment Letter Organization and Structure Ukpeaġvik Iñupiat Corporation Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement; Plan Kaare Erickson Indigenous FRN Link to Comment Letter Science Organization and Structure IARPC Collaboration Team Collaboration Team Leads Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement; Plan mixed mixed Link to Comment Notes Listening Session Workshops Notes Organization and Structure IARPC Collaboration Team Environmental Intelligence Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement; Plan mixed mixed Link to Comment Notes Listening Session Listening Session Notes Organization and Structure; Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Mead Treadwell Qilak LNG Private Sector FRN Link to Comment Letter Technology Hello all, Carl Nostrand Balance of the Sea Non-profit/NGO FRN Technology Food security and the NA NA Indigenous Verbal/BIA Providers Water and Food Security connection with clean air and National Oceanic And Verbal/Bering Research Needs: catch info, safety, local Bob Foy Federal Water and Food Security Atmospheric Administration Listening Session concerns, food security. High IARPC Collaboration Team Atmosphere Listening Session Atmospheric Science; Oceanic Processes, High Latitude Systems and Comment falls under multiple research mixed mixed Link to Comment Notes Listening Session Notes Global Linkages; International Cooperation and Partnership themes IARPC Collaboration Team Health and Well-Being Listening Comment falls under multiple research mixed mixed Link to Comment Notes Community Health; Wildfire; Water and Food Security Listening Session Session Notes themes IARPC Collaboration Team Glacier and Sea Level Rise Cryosphere; Oceanic Processes, High Latitude Systems and Global Comment falls under multiple research mixed mixed Link to Comment Notes Listening Session Listening Session Notes Linkages; Data Management; Plan Organization and Structure themes Verbal/Bering Research Ocean acidification, HABs, Comment falls under multiple research Molly McCammon AOOS Academic Ecosystem Changes and Species Management; Data Management Listening Session Water level, coastal mapping, themes Ecosystem Changes and Species Management; Interdisciplinary Comment falls under multiple research UA University of Alaska Academic FRN Link to Comment Letter Research and Socio-ecological Systems; Data Management; Erosion themes IARPC Collaboration Team Coastal Resilience Listening Energy Development, Shipping, Hazard Response and Mitigation; Comment falls under multiple research mixed mixed Link to Comment Notes Listening Session Session Notes Plan Organization and Structure; Infrastructure; Plan Development themes Alaska Department of Natural Erosion and Permafrost; Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Comment falls under multiple research Emily Hart State FRN Link to Comment Letter Resources Forecasting; Erosion and Permafrost; Fisheries themes From your perspective, what are Comment falls under multiple research Bill Patrowicz Kaiser Global Private Sector IARPC Online Form Infrastructure; Technology the critical issues for your themes International Arctic Social Interdisciplinary Research and Socio-Ecological Systems; Community Comment falls under multiple research IASSA Academic FRN Link to Comment Letter Science Association Health; Plan Organization and Structure themes Coastal Resilience Discussion about Social Comment falls under multiple research mixed Verbal Interdisciplinary Research and Socio-ecological Systems; Infrastructure Collaboration Team Science Resource Needs themes Arctic Centre - University of From your perspective, what are Interdisciplinary Research and Socio-ecological Systems; International Comment falls under multiple research Adrian Braun International IARPC Online Form Lapland the critical issues for your Cooperation and Partnership themes IARPC Collaboration Team Sea Ice Listening Session Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Forecasting, Predicting; Comment falls under multiple research mixed mixed Link to Comment Notes Listening Session Notes Cryosphere themes Encourage cross-linkages Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Forecasting; Interdisciplinary Comment falls under multiple research ASSW Participant International Verbal/ASSW Online Session across relevant teams Research and Socio-ecological Systems themes Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Forecasting; Oceanic Comment falls under multiple research Katherine Duderstadt University of New Hampshire Academic FRN Link to Comment Letter Processes, High Latitude Systems and Global Linkages; Energy themes IARPC Collaboration Team Permafrost Listening Session Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Forecasting; Plan Organization Comment falls under multiple research mixed mixed Link to Comment Notes Listening Session Notes and Structure themes IARPC Collaboration Team Modeling Listening Session Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Forecasting; Plan Organization Comment falls under multiple research mixed mixed Link to Comment Notes Listening Session Notes and Structure; Atmospheric Science themes IARPC Collaboration Team Marine Ecosystems Listening Monitoring, Observation, Modeling and Forecasting; Plan Organization Comment falls under multiple research mixed mixed Link to Comment Notes Listening Session Session Notes and Structure; International Cooperation and Partnership themes Physical Oceanography Self Oceanic Processes, High Latitude Systems and Global Linkages; Comment falls under multiple research Academic FRN Link to Comment Letter Forming Team Cryosphere themes Verbal/Bering Research Research needs: Review of Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement, Comment falls under multiple research Gay Sheffield Sea Grant Academic Listening Session community concern studies, Infrastructure, Water and Food Security themes Alaska Department of Fish & Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement; Ecosystem Comment falls under multiple research Dani Evenson State FRN Link to Comment Letter Game Changes and Species Management; Fisheries; Plan Organization and themes Verbal/Bering Research Priorities: Align research and Plan Development Process and Sustained Engagement; Monitoring, Comment falls under multiple research Seth Danielson Academic Listening Session community needs, Co-produce Observation, Modeling and Forecasting; International Cooperation and themes IARPC Collaboration Team Terrestrial Ecosystems Listening Plan Organization and Structure; Monitoring, Observation, Modeling Comment falls under multiple research mixed mixed Link to Comment Notes Listening Session Session Notes and Forecasting themes Study of Environmental Arctic Plan Organization and Structure; Plan Development Process and Comment falls under multiple research Brendan Kelley Academic FRN Link to Comment Letter Change Sustained Engagement themes IARPC Collaboration Team Arctic Observing Systems Plan Organization and Structure; Plan Development Process and Comment falls under multiple research mixed mixed Link to Comment Notes Listening Session Listening Session Notes Sustained Engagement; International Cooperation; Infrastructure themes Alaska Department of Water and Food Security; Community Health; Energy Development, Comment falls under multiple research Gary Mendivil State FRN Link to Comment Letter Environmental Conservation Shipping, Hazard Response and Mitigation themes Cold Regions Research and Water and Food Security; Infrastructure; Cryosphere; Ecosystem Comment falls under multiple research Martin Jeffries Federal FRN Link to Comment Letter Engineering Laboratory Chages and Species Management; Interdisciplinary Research and themes

131 the critical needs of the entire Jean Public NA FRN N/A usa and this is antional land you have massive number of Jean Public NA FRN N/A pages and objectives and you Obviously Arctic research is an Anonymous NA FRN N/A important thing. But in these How does one learn the truth? Anonymous NA FRN N/A Well there's the Socratic Who is responsible for counting NA NA Indigenous Verbal/BIA Providers N/A die offs?

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Appendix 5: Background Big-Picture Documents a. IARPC Overview b. Principles for Conducting Research in the Arctic c. Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021 d. Biennial Report 2019 e. IARPC Accomplishments in Northern Communities

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Appendix 5a: IARPC Overview IARPC An Overview

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Photo: Kathryn Hansen/NASA iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

What is IARPC? WHAT IS THE The Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) is a INTERAGENCY committee of the U.S. National Science and Technology Council (NSTC). It aims to enhance scientific monitoring and research on local, regional, ARCTIC and global environmental issues in the Arctic through coordination of RESEARCH federal agencies and domestic and international collaborators. It consists of representatives from 14 federal agencies, the White House POLICY Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). IARPC is chaired by the director of the COMMITTEE? National Science Foundation (NSF). Why was IARPC established? IARPC was established by the Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (ARPA). ARPA “provides for a comprehensive national policy dealing with national research needs and objectives in the Arctic.” ARPA also created the Arctic Research Commission (USARC) to “develop and recommend an integrated national Arctic research policy.” The purpose of IARPC is to work with USARC to develop this national Arctic research policy to guide federal agencies as they develop and implement their own Arctic research programs. IARPC also serves the United States’ interests by coordinating and promoting cooperation between agencies and other non-federal partners to create a five-year Arctic Research Plan.

The United States is an Arctic nation by way of Alaska and therefore has many varied and vested interests in the region. The "Arctic" includes all United States and foreign territory north of the Arctic Circle and all United States territory north and west of the boundary formed by the Porcupine, Yukon, and Kuskokwim Rivers; all contiguous seas, including the Arctic Ocean and the Beaufort, Bering, and Chukchi Seas; and the Aleutian chain.

Left: The Arctic Boundary as Defined by ARPA. Image: U.S. Arctic Commission.

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How does IARPC operate? IARPC aims to meet the United States’ Arctic policy goals and needs by coordinating research and fostering collaboration between federal agencies and both domestic and international partners. NSF coordinates IARPC’s activities, with the director of NSF serving as chair. In July 2010, a presidential memo established IARPC as an Interagency Working Group of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) Committee on Environment. IARPC operates under the guidelines established by the NSTC for an interagency working group and reports directly to the Council on Environment. How is IARPC organized? IARPC is divided into three bodies: the Principals, the Staff Group, and the Secretariat. The IARPC Principals include one policy-level member each from 14 federal agencies* as well as representatives from the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and the Office of Management and Budget (OBM). The IARPC Principals meet annually to provide policy advice and direction. The Staff Group comprises program managers from the 14 federal IARPC agencies and may include multiple representatives from one agency. The IARPC Staff Group was created as an unofficial body to respond to directions from the Principals and to complete IARPC’s day-to-day work. The Assistant Director for Polar Sciences in OSTP serves as the Executive Director of IARPC and chairs the Staff Group. The Staff Group’s main tasks are organizing and coordinating the development and implementation of the Five-Year Arctic Research Plan. The Secretariat assists the IARPC Principals and Staff Group in facilitating interagency coordination. It works with other NSTC bodies to increase efficiency and eliminate redundancies. The Secretariat aids the implementation of the Arctic Research Plan by supplying hands-on support to IARPC Collaborations Teams. What is IARPC Collaborations? In 2013, IARPC’s Staff Group created IARPC Collaborations to implement the first Arctic Research Plan. IARPC Collaborations is a web-based platform that connects both federal and non-federal government researchers to work together on the problems and research goals laid out in the Arctic Research Plan. There are currently nine IARPC Collaboration teams: Atmosphere; Coastal Resilience; Environmental Intelligence; Glaciers & Sea Level; Health & Well-being; Marine Ecosystems; Permafrost; Sea Ice; and Terrestrial Ecosystems. Each team is led by at least one federal employee and non-federal member. The teams meet monthly via web-conference to share knowledge and to enhance the implementation of the Arctic Research Plan. Over 2,500 Arctic researchers and partners have come together to accelerate the pace of Arctic research, including members from the state of Alaska and academic, non-profit, private sector, Indigenous, and international organizations.

*Department of Agriculture, Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, Department of Energy, Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Homeland Security, Department of Interior, Department of State, Department of Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency, Marine Mammal Commission, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Smithsonian Institution. 136 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

What is the 5-Year Arctic Research Plan? THE ARCTIC By law (the Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984), IARPC develops and RESEARCH implements an Arctic Research Plan every five years. The plan is developed in consultation with the USARC, the governor of the state of PLAN Alaska, Arctic residents, the private sector, and public interest groups. Contact What does the research plan address? [email protected] The plan does not attempt to encompass all federally supported Arctic with any comments research. Instead, as stated in the 2017-2021 plan, "it addresses key or questions. topics for which an interagency approach is most likely to accelerate progress...The plan identifies critical areas where the U.S. Arctic research enterprise supports U.S. policy from community to global scales and looks for areas where the federal investment is enhanced through interagency collaboration."

The Arctic Research Plan 2013-2017 The first integrated Arctic Research Plan (2013-2017) was released in February 2013. This plan established seven research areas to inform national policy and specifically benefit from interagency coordination. Those research areas were: sea ice and marine ecosystems; terrestrial ice and ecosystems; atmospheric studies of surface heat, energy, and mass balances; observing systems; regional climate models; adaptation tools for sustaining communities; and human health.

The Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021 The second integrated Arctic Research Plan (2017-2021) included many of the same objectives and goals as the first plan but developed a stronger focus on the health and well-being of northern residents. The plan also emphasized the role that northern residents play in the co- production of scientific knowledge. The 2017-2021 plan introduced four policy drivers and two new goals (permafrost and coastal resilience). The four policy drivers of the 2017-2021 plan are: enhance the well-being of Arctic residents; advance stewardship of the Arctic environment; strengthen regional and national security; and improve understanding of the Arctic as a component of Planet Earth.

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How are the plans implemented? IARPC Collaborations is the primary channel for implementing Arctic Research Plans. In the current plan, each Collaboration Team corresponds to one of the research goals of the current plan. Progress on the research goals is done via performance elements. Each year an annual progress report is released in October, and a biennial report is submitted to Congress every other year. (Annual and biennial reports can be found on the About page of IARPC Collaborations.) The IARPC Staff Group and Principals continually assess how well IARPC is addressing the research goals and objectives in support of the policy drivers. Below are select highlights of IARPC accomplishments during 2018-2019 organized by policy driver:

Policy Driver 1: Enhance the Well-Being of Arctic Residents In 2018 and 2019, the Environmental Intelligence Collaboration Team coordinated with federal agencies and communities to respond to Arctic Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). HABs produce toxins that can sicken humans and damage the environment. The team established baseline data on HABs by facilitating the coordination of research cruises in the Bering and Chukchi Seas to improve research and sampling activities. The sampling effort addressed the need for information on testing of natural resources and subsistence foods for algal toxins and potential impacts on human health through wild food consumption. Additionally, in 2019, the Health & Well-being Collaboration Team and Coastal Resilience Collaboration Teams worked to address issues around violence and mental health challenges in Indigenous communities in Alaska. One of their initiatives included the new toolkit from RISING SUN (Reducing the Incidence of Suicide in Indigenous Groups – Strengths United through Networks).

Policy Driver 2: Advance Stewardship of the Arctic Environment In September 2019, MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) was launched when the German research vessel Polarstern headed north to begin its 12-month drift across the central Arctic Ocean. MOSAiC is an international research expedition intended to study the physical, chemical, and biological processes that couple the Arctic atmosphere, sea ice, ocean and ecosystem. The MOSAiC drift will conclude in the late summer/early autumn 2020; by that time, 82 U.S researchers and technical support staff will have been able to conduct research aboard the Polarstern.

Policy Driver 3: Strengthen National and Regional Security Launched in August 2018, the Stratified Ocean Dynamics in the Arctic project coordinates research that is essential for the improvement of numerical models for Arctic environmental forecasting and the development of observing systems. The Arctic Observing Systems Sub-Team also tackles national and regional security through its work on observational needs and by coordinating U.S. contributions to an Arctic-wide observing strategy and implementation plan of the Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON, which is a joint effort of the Arctic Council and the International Arctic Science Committee).

Policy Driver 4: Improve Understanding of the Arctic as a Component of Planet Earth In May 2018, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow On satellites, a joint U.S (NASA) and Germany mission, were launched. In September 2018, NASA launched the ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite-2) satellite. The elevation of the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet is a key product. 138 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

To advance stewardship of the Arctic environment, while also respecting local and Indigenous cultures and knowledge, the Arctic Research Plan is THE PLAN guided by Principles for Conducting Research in the Arctic. Those core DEVELOPMENT principles are: Be Accountable, Establish Effective Communication, Respect Indigenous Knowledge and Cultures, Build and Sustain PROCESS Relationships, and Pursue Responsible Environmental Stewardship.

IARPC is currently in the process of developing the Arctic Research Plan 2022-2026. The plan is drafted based on the intents of 14 U.S federal agencies and the needs of Arctic communities and the non-federal research community. The plan development process can be broken into five distinct stages.

Stage 1: Review & Planning The review & planning process took place during fall 2019-spring 2020. In fall 2019, IARPC sought approval to begin the development process and secured resources. Next, IARPC developed an engagement strategy. In January 2020, the Plan Development Steering Group was established and started monthly meetings.

Stage 2: Development The next phase, development, began spring 2020 and will conclude in the fall 2020. During this phase, IARPC gathered input through the first federal register request for information (open from April 3rd to August 2nd), and through public input listening sessions and webinars. A virtual plan development workshop will be held in September 2020 to develop the draft framework and set of scientific goals of the next Arctic Research Plan. IARPC envisions the workshop stimulating conversation and idea generation among the full spectrum of partners of the federal research enterprise in the Arctic. IARPC Principals will then consider a draft outline, approve the general plan framework, and continue to provide guidance throughout all the stages of plan development.

Stage 3: Drafting The drafting stage will be in the winter of 2020-2021. Once the IARPC Principals have approved the policy drivers and research goals, the federal drafting teams begin writing chapters and supplementary material informed by input received during the development phase.

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Stage 4: Public Review The public review stage will take place in winter-spring 2021. During this stage, a second Federal Register Notice will be posted seeking comments on the draft plan. Stage 5: Revision and Release The final stage of the plan development process will take place from summer to winter 2021. During this time the input gathered during the Federal Register comment period will be considered and, where appropriate, incorporated into the revised plan. The plan will then go interagency review and clearance before being released in December 2021.

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Appendix 5b: Principles for Conducting Research in the Arctic

Principles for Conducting Research in the Arctic (2018)

U.S. Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC)i

INTRODUCTION The 2018 Principles for Conducting Research in the Arctic (hereafter the Principles) revise the Principles for the Conduct of Research in the Arctic (1990) ii; they align with U.S. Arctic policyiii and apply to research across all disciplines. To guide research activities throughout the Arctic, the U.S. Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) prepared the following Principles:

• Be Accountable • Establish Effective Communication • Respect Indigenous Knowledge and Cultures • Build and Sustain Relationships • Pursue Responsible Environmental Stewardshipiv These Principles are directed at academic and federal researchers funded by IARPC agencies but are equally relevant to other individuals and organizations pursuing or funding research in the Arctic. They are guidelines for conducting responsible and ethical research and they encourage respect for all individuals, cultures, and the environment. The Principles are not intended to supplant existing regulations and guidelines; researchers should follow federal, state, and local regulations, policies and guidelines. Research involving human subjects must adhere to specific requirementsv. Projects on Indigenous homelands or involving Indigenous Peoples should be coordinated with Indigenous leadership and should follow all applicable regulations and local research guidelines.

THE PRINCIPLES 1. Be Accountable 1.1 Promote a work environment that is safe, harassment-free, and inclusive. Principal investigators and co-investigators are responsible for all decisions and actions made on their project.

1.2 Act with integrity, and honor verbal and written commitments. Participation in research must be voluntary and cause no harm. When required, participants’ informed consent must be obtained. Research methodology, sponsors, and how the information or images will be used and published should be disclosed and understandable to all involved. Provide reasonable opportunities to individuals, who share information or images, to review and agree, or withdraw their contributions prior to publication.

1.3 Consider the physical and socio-economic well-being of all Arctic residents – Indigenous and non-indigenous. Credit all research collaborators’ contributions, 141 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

including Indigenous Knowledge holders’, in publications and presentations of research with their consent. Discuss expectations for compensation with all collaborators and individuals providing information or services for the project.

1.4 Maintain data confidentiality in accordance with existing standards and requirements when handling personal or culturally sensitive information or personally or community identifiable information.

2. Establish Effective Communication 2.1 Communicate expectations, objectives, and potential outcomes at all stages of the project. Provide reasonable opportunities to local collaborators and Tribes to participate in planning, data collection, analysis, interpretation of results, and development of conclusions. Researchers should identify all sponsors and collaborators, sources of financial support, and receive guidance from the community about the most effective and preferred methods of communication.

2.2 Tribes and communities often conduct their own research. Where possible, inquire about ongoing Tribal and community research and priorities, and collaborate appropriately. Be aware and respectful of Indigenous Peoples’ practices and protocols for accountability.

2.3 Coordinate visits or fieldwork to avoid disrupting peak subsistence periods, traditional activities, religious events, and health services. Coordinate activities such as research vessel tracks or aircraft flights to avoid impact to residents.

2.4 Identify potentially sensitive data and observations with individuals and/or the community and establish measures to reduce the likelihood of any harm to individuals or the community. Researchers should share research results, preferably in person, with communities prior to broader release, especially in cases where the project’s results could be of concern. Following publication, research results should be made accessible to local communities and repositories.

3. Respect Indigenous Knowledge and Culture 3.1 Respect is enhanced by mutual understanding. Researchers are encouraged to learn about the regions in which they will conduct research. Understand the region’s history, cultures, languages, community perceptions of past and current research conducted in the region, and organizational structures, practices, values, and institutions.

3.2 Respect all hunting, fishing, harvesting, and gathering practices and use areas. Avoid disturbing cultural resources such as sacred sites, archaeological sites, cultural materials and markers, and cultural property. Adhere to local and Indigenous traditions, customs, and locally-adopted research guidelines. Many Indigenous 142 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

Peoples have permitting requirements and research guidelines that provide specific protocols.

3.3 Be open to new viewpoints and be aware of and acknowledge differences and biases when discussing analysis and interpretation of data and observations with residents. Arctic Indigenous Peoples hold unique knowledge and understanding of their homelands and can offer valuable collaborative partnerships with scientists. Inclusion of Indigenous Knowledge in research is encouraged.

4. Build and Sustain Relationships 4.1 Build meaningful relationships based on good faith and partnership with communities and their representatives. When working in or near communities, develop a community engagement plan in collaboration and cooperation with Arctic Indigenous Peoples and other residents.

4.2 As research concepts develop, researchers and interested communities should determine their level of collaboration. Not all research will be of direct interest to Arctic residents, nor may all communities have the capacity to participate. Do not assume community interest or capacity prior to discussions with Tribal and community leaders.

4.3 For projects involving Arctic Indigenous residents and others as research collaborators or study participants, determine in advance who collects, owns, manages, evaluates, and disseminates the data to allow projects to proceed with a shared understanding of data governance and ownership. Work closely with community leaders or representatives to resolve conflicts if they arise.

4.4 Researchers and Arctic residents may perceive benefits and risks differently, thus potential outcomes of a research project for the community and the environment should be addressed and discussed. Researchers are encouraged to work with local liaisons and research assistants, and to engage residents in research design, planning, data collection, storage, analysis, interpretation, and reporting.

5. Pursue Responsible Environmental Stewardship 5.1 Scientific research and local and Indigenous Knowledge contribute to stewardship of the Arctic environment. Researchers should limit the impact of their research on the environment and obtain appropriate permits.

5.2 Avoid disturbing flora and fauna that are not the subject of the research and minimize disturbance to flora and fauna that are the subject of the research. In the case of fauna, researchers need to be aware of federal, state, and local regulations and coordinate with applicable land managers and experts to avoid causing

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unnecessary stress on individuals, herds, or populations of animals that may respond to human presence.

5.3 Avoid and minimize impacts to terrestrial, aquatic and marine habitats, including but not limited to: noise, vegetation trampling, and other environmental impacts.

IMPLEMENTATION The Principles reflect the expectations of the IARPC agencies. They are based on input received from federal agencies and the public. Federal agencies will determine the most appropriate way to apply the Principles when supporting research in the Arctic. i The Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (ARPA), Public Law 98-373, July 31, 1984, as amended by Public Law 101-609, November 16, 1990, provides for a comprehensive national policy dealing with national research needs and objectives in the Arctic. The ARPA establishes an Arctic Research Commission (ARC) and an Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) to help implement the Act. Since its inception, IARPC activities have been coordinated by the National Science Foundation (NSF), with the Director of the NSF as chair. A Presidential Memorandum issued on July 22, 2010, made the NSTC responsible for IARPC, with the Director of the NSF remaining as chair of the committee. ii The original Principles for the Conduct of Research in the Arctic, (available at: https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/arctic/conduct.jsp) were prepared by the Interagency Social Science Task Force at the direction of the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC). The Principles will be reviewed by IARPC every five years for inclusion in the Arctic Research Plan. iii The Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (ARPA), Public Law 98-373, July 31, 1984, as amended by Public Law 101-609, November 16, 1990; National Security Presidential Directive/NSPD 66, Homeland Security Presidential Directive/HSPD 25: Arctic Region Policy, The White House, Washington DC, 2009; National Strategy for the Arctic Region, The White House, Washington DC, 2013. iv The U.S. National Strategy for the Arctic Region (2013) describes “responsible stewardship of the Arctic environment” as “active conservation of resources, balanced management, and the application of scientific and traditional knowledge of physical and living environments.” v The US Federal Policy for protection of persons involved in Human Subjects Research is codified in the Department of Health and Human Services regulations 45 CFR part 46. This has been adopted in the regulations of 15 Federal departments and agencies that conduct or support human subjects research. Reference: https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/regulations/common-rule/index.html

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Appendix 5c: Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021 Information about the current (2017-2021) Arctic Research Plan, as well as the full text of the plan, is available at https://www.iarpccollaborations.org/plan/index.html.

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Appendix 5d: Biennial Report 2019

INTERAGENCY ARCTIC RESEARCH POLIC Y COMMITTEE BIENNIAL REPORT 2018-2019

A Report by the

INTERAGENCY ARCTIC RESEARCH POLICY COMMITTEE A SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT

of the NATIONAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL

February 2020

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About the National Science and Technology Council The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) is the principal means by which the Executive Branch coordinates science and technology policy across the diverse entities that make up the Federal research and development enterprise. A primary objective of the NSTC is to ensure science and technology policy decisions and programs are consistent with the President's stated goals. The NSTC prepares research and development strategies that are coordinated across Federal agencies aimed at accomplishing multiple national goals. The work of the NSTC is organized under committees that oversee subcommittees and working groups focused on different aspects of science and technology. More information is available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp/nstc. About the Office of Science and Technology Policy The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) was established by the National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 to provide the President and others within the Executive Office of the President with advice on the scientific, engineering, and technological aspects of the economy, national security, homeland security, health, foreign relations, the environment, and the technological recovery and use of resources, among other topics. OSTP leads interagency science and technology policy coordination efforts, assists the Office of Management and Budget with an annual review and analysis of Federal research and development in budgets, and serves as a source of scientific and technological analysis and judgment for the President with respect to major policies, plans, and programs of the Federal Government. More information is available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp. About the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee The Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (ARPA), Public Law 98-373, July 31, 1984, as amended by Public Law 101-609, November 16, 1990, provides for a comprehensive national policy dealing with national research needs and objectives in the Arctic. The ARPA establishes an Arctic Research Commission (ARC) and an Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) to help implement the Act. Since its inception, IARPC activities have been coordinated by the National Science Foundation (NSF), with the Director of the NSF as chair. A Presidential Memorandum issued on July 22, 2010, made the NSTC responsible for IARPC, with the Director of the NSF remaining as chair of the committee. About this Document This report was developed by the IARPC Staff Group and includes an overview of how the Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021 supports the Administration’s FY2019 research and development budget priorities and highlights IARPC accomplishments during the period 2018-2019. The report concludes with a summary of how the Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021 responds to the most recent (2019-2020) recommendations of the U.S. Arctic Research Commission. Copyright Information This document is a work of the United States Government and is in the public domain (see 17 U.S.C. §105). Subject to the stipulations below, it may be distributed and copied with acknowledgment to OSTP. Copyrights to graphics included in this document are reserved by the original copyright holders or their assignees and are used here under the Government’s license and by permission. Requests to use any images must be made to the provider identified in the image credits or to OSTP if no provider is identified. Published in the United States of America, 2020.

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INTERAGENCY ARCTIC RESEARCH POLICY COMMITTEE BIENNIAL REPORT 2018-2019

NATIONAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL Chair Staff Kelvin Droegemeier, Director, Office of Chloé Kontos, Executive Director, National Science and Technology Policy Science and Technology Council

COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT Co-Chairs Tim Petty, Assistant Secretary for Water and Science, Department of the Interior Neil Jacobs, Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Deerin Babb-Brott, Principal Assistant Director, Oceans and Environment, Office of Science and Technology Policy

INTERAGENCY ARCTIC RESEARCH POLICY COMMITTEE Chair Executive Secretary France Córdova, National Science Foundation Sara Bowden, Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee Members Deerin Babb-Brott, Office of Science and David Kennedy, Department of Commerce Technology Policy Mike Kuperberg, OSTP Liaison Marcia Bernicat, Department of State JihFen Lei, Department of Defense Michael Emerson, Department of Homeland Security Brian McCormack, Office of Management and Budget Gary Geernaert, Department of Energy James Reilly, Department of the Interior Jim Green, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Peter Schmeissner, Department of Health and Human Services Fred Hauchman, Environmental Protection Agency Loren Smith, Department of Transportation Kirk Johnson, Smithsonian Institution Peter Thomas, Marine Mammal Commission Louis Tupas, U.S. Department of Agriculture

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Introduction Recognizing the importance of Alaska and the Arctic to the Nation, and the need for research to increase scientific knowledge and understanding to inform decisions and policy, Congress passed the Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (henceforth ARPA or the Act).1 It established the U.S. Arctic Research Commission (USARC)2 “to promote Arctic research and to recommend Arctic research policy” and the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC)3 to “develop a national Arctic research policy and a five year plan to implement that policy.” The Act also requires IARPC to submit to Congress, through the Executive Office of the President, a biennial report containing a statement of activities and accomplishments of the IARPC, and a statement “detailing with particularity the recommendations of the Commission with respect to Federal interagency activities in Arctic research and the disposition and responses to those recommendations.” This biennial report addresses this requirement for the period 2018-2019, the second and third years of the implementation of the Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021.4 The report begins with a description of the Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021 and how it is implemented, followed by select highlights of IARPC accomplishments during the period 2018-2019. The highlights are organized according to the four policy drivers of the Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021. The report continues with examples of how the work of IARPC is aligned with the OSTP vision for America Leading the World in Science and Technology5 and how IARPC supports the Administration’s FY2020 research and development budget (R&D) priorities6. The report concludes with a summary of how the Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021 is aligned with the most recent USARC Report on the Goals and Objectives for Arctic Research 2019-20207.

The Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021 The United States is an Arctic Nation, and America’s Arctic—the State of Alaska—has seen climate, environmental, and socio-economic changes that are testing the resilience and sustainability of communities and ecosystems. The changes that are occurring in the Arctic also have global consequences. In December 2016, IARPC released the second comprehensive Arctic research plan—Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021.8 Through the Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021 (hereafter the Plan), IARPC continues to

1 https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/arctic/iarpc/arc_res_pol_act.jsp 2 https://www.arctic.gov/reports_goals.html 3 The following Federal departments, agencies, and Executive Office of the President components comprise IARPC: Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, Department of Energy, Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Homeland Security, Department of the Interior, Department of State, Department of Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency, Marine Mammal Commission, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science Foundation (Chair), Office of Management and Budget, Office of Science and Technology Policy, Smithsonian Institution, and U.S. Department of Agriculture. 4 https://www.iarpccollaborations.org/uploads/cms/documents/iarpc_arctic_research_plan_2017-2021.pdf 5 https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/america-leading-world-science-technology/ 6 https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/FY-21-RD-Budget-Priorities.pdf 7 https://www.arctic.gov/reports_goals.html 8 The preparation of the Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021 was informed by discussions with researchers and others in the U.S. Government, State of Alaska agencies, Alaska Natives, academia, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector. The draft plan was made available for public comment via the Federal Register in July 2016.

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INTERAGENCY ARCTIC RESEARCH POLICY COMMITTEE BIENNIAL REPORT 2018-2019 address the need for coordinated basic and applied research that will increase knowledge and understanding for science-informed decisions and policy for Alaska, the Arctic region, and planet Earth. The Plan has four policy drivers that support U.S. policy across a range of scales, from Arctic peoples and communities to the global scale: 1. Enhance the Well-being of Arctic Residents 2. Advance Stewardship of the Arctic Environment 3. Strengthen National and Regional Security 4. Improve Understanding of the Arctic as a Component of Planet Earth As with its predecessor—the Arctic Research Plan 2013-2017—the Plan does not attempt to address all Arctic research supported by the Federal Government. The Plan deliberately emphasizes interagency collaboration; consequently, many important single agency efforts are not included. The Plan has nine research goals: 1. Health and Well-being: Enhance understanding of health determinants and improve the well-being of Arctic residents. 2. Atmosphere: Advance process and system understanding of the changing Arctic atmospheric composition and dynamics and the resulting changes to surface energy budgets. 3. Sea Ice: Enhance understanding and improve predictions of the changing sea ice cover. 4. Marine Ecosystems: Increase understanding of the structure and function of Arctic marine ecosystems and their role in the climate system, and advance predictive capabilities. 5. Glaciers and Sea Level: Understand and project the mass balance of glaciers, ice caps, and the Greenland Ice Sheet, and their consequences for sea level rise. 6. Permafrost: Advance understanding of processes controlling permafrost dynamics and the impacts on ecosystems, infrastructure, and climate feedbacks. 7. Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems: Advance an integrated, landscape-scale understanding of Arctic terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and the potential for future change. 8. Coastal Resilience: Strengthen coastal community resilience and advance stewardship of coastal natural and cultural resources by engaging in research related to the interconnections of people and natural and built environments. 9. Environmental Intelligence: Enhance frameworks for environmental intelligence gathering, interpretation, and application toward decision support.

Like the Arctic Research Plan 2013-2017, the Plan is being implemented through IARPC Collaborations. IARPC Collaborations operates as a platform—a website9 for information exchange and reporting on progress made implementing the Plan—and a practice—Federal and non-Federal stakeholders and collaborators working together on specific goals, objectives and performance elements. IARPC continues to welcome diverse participation in the implementation of its research plans and encourages all who want to address difficult research challenges in the Arctic to join forces to achieve more together than can be achieved acting alone.

9 https://www.iarpccollaborations.org/index.html

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Members of IARPC Collaborations work together in collaboration teams, one for each of the Plan’s nine research goals. In addition, the Environmental Intelligence10 Collaboration Team has three auxiliary teams responsible for each of the components—observations, models, data management—of Environmental Intelligence. Comprehensive annual reports describing each collaboration team’s accomplishments implementing the Plan in 201811 and 201912 , the period of this report, are available online at IARPC Collaborations. The next section provides a selection of highlights of those accomplishments.

Highlights of IARPC Accomplishments in 2018-2019 The four policy drivers listed in the previous section provide the framework for this selection of highlights of IARPC accomplishments during the period 2018-2019. Policy Driver 1: Enhance the Well-being of Arctic Residents Wildfires were common and extensive throughout the Arctic region in the summers of 2018 and 2019.13 Those fires threatened infrastructure, disrupted transportation and communications, and posed significant risks to the health and well-being of residents. Consequently, a number of IARPC collaboration teams worked together to assess the exposure, vulnerability, and resilience of Arctic communities to wildfire smoke and its health effects. Efforts focused on observing system platforms and gaps in wildfire smoke detection and forecasting capabilities. The Local Environmental Observer (LEO) Network was examined as a possible means to improve smoke preparedness efforts and identify at-risk populations and to improve observational and fire forecasting capabilities. There are significant efforts to improve forecasting (e.g., the NOAA High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model for predicting smoke concentrations over Alaska), but work remains to be done on community vulnerability to wildfires and their effects. Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)—overgrowths of algae in freshwater and seawater—produce dangerous toxins that can sicken and kill people and animals.14 Even non-toxic blooms hurt the environment and local economies.14 Driven by diminishing sea ice and rising ocean temperatures, HABS are increasing in frequency and geographic extent in the Arctic, including in Alaskan Arctic waters, where harmful toxins are being detected in stranded and harvested marine mammals in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas. HABs pose a threat to Alaskan Arctic coastal communities, and there are gaps in fundamental understanding of Arctic HABS, toxicity monitoring of subsistence food and safety protocols, and capacity to respond to future HABS. Recognizing those challenges, IARPC collaboration teams coordinated Federal agencies to respond to the Arctic HABs threat. The Environmental Intelligence Collaboration Team facilitated a coordinated research cruise and community sampling effort in 2018 and 2019 that realized an essential baseline understanding of HABs in the Bering Strait region. Disseminated quickly to communities and other entities (e.g., the Alaska Federation of Natives), this coordinated HABs research activity addresses the need for information on testing of natural resources

10 Environmental Intelligence is a system through which timely, reliable and suitable information obtained, for example, by people, autonomous sensors and platforms, ships, airplanes and satellites, about a particular region or process is collected and integrated for the benefit of decision-makers. 11 https://www.iarpccollaborations.org/about.html 12 https://www.iarpccollaborations.org/about.html 13 https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/content/noaa-satellites-monitor-arctic-wildfires 14 https://www.epa.gov/nutrientpollution/harmful-algal-blooms

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INTERAGENCY ARCTIC RESEARCH POLICY COMMITTEE BIENNIAL REPORT 2018-2019 and subsistence foods for algal toxins and potential impacts on human health through wild food consumption. The health and well-being of Arctic residents is a topic that is particularly ripe for a co-production of knowledge approach to research. In the Arctic, the co-production of knowledge involves Indigenous knowledge holders and scientists working together as equals to define the problem, conduct the research, and publish the results, to develop a holistic understanding of the changing Arctic and its impacts that can inform policy-and decision-making.15 The Coastal Resilience Collaboration Team took the lead in organizing a series of meetings, which included Alaska Native peoples, to address the importance of taking a co-production approach to the well-being of Indigenous peoples, and to discuss the meaning of co-production of knowledge in the Arctic and how to facilitate the process. Policy Driver 2: Advance Stewardship of the Arctic Environment Diminishing sea ice is nowhere more apparent and consequential than in the Bering Sea. This was dramatically illustrated in late winter and early spring of 2018, and again in 2019, when sea ice extent retreated to record low levels and the Bering Sea was almost entirely free of ice.16 The ramifications of such a dearth of sea ice so early in the year for the marine ecosystem and the coastal communities that depend on it are significant. Consequently, IARPC formed a Bering Sea Action Team that is addressing the need to document the current state of knowledge and understanding of the changing sea ice and marine ecosystem, coordinate research cruises and observing activities, improve sea ice forecasting and notification systems for a variety of stakeholders, and identify decision support needs. The Arctic Report Card,17 prepared by a team of authors and editors from the United States (Federal and non-Federal) and overseas, was released in December 2018 and December 2019. Published annually since 2006, the Arctic Report Card describes the current state of different components of the Arctic environmental system relative to historical records. Arctic Report Card 201918 was notable for its focus on the Bering Sea and the first ever contribution from Alaska Native peoples, in this case Indigenous Elders of the region, who offered “their perspectives of living at the forefront of climate change.” MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) is an international research expedition to study the physical, chemical, and biological processes that couple the Arctic atmosphere, sea ice, ocean and ecosystem. After almost a decade of planning and preparation, one of the largest and most complex scientific expeditions ever mounted in the Arctic got underway in September 2019, when the German research vessel (RV) Polarstern headed north and was then deliberately allowed to freeze into the sea ice in October. This began an anticipated 12-month drift across the central Arctic Ocean, from the edge of the Eurasian shelf to the North Atlantic Ocean. Conceived by an International Arctic Science Committee working group, MOSAiC involves many U.S. researchers, who, supported by DOE, NASA, NOAA, and NSF, have contributed to the science and implementation planning, and many more who will be deeply involved in the year-long research program aboard the ship and on the surrounding sea ice. By the time the MOSAiC drift concludes in late summer/early autumn 2020, those four IARPC agencies will have made it possible for 82 U.S. researchers and technical support staff (30% of the total from all 17 participating countries) to conduct research aboard the RV Polarstern.

15 Behe, C. and R. Daniel, 2018, Indigenous knowledge and the coproduction of knowledge process: Creating a holistic understanding of Arctic Change, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol. 99, no. 8, pp. S160- S161. 16 https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/content/bering-sea-appears-largely-ice-free-noaa-20 17 https://www.arctic.noaa.gov/Report-Card 18 https://arctic.noaa.gov/Report-Card/Report-Card-2019

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The DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program contribution to MOSAiC includes a “cloud observatory” of over 50 instruments, including scanning radars (the first to be deployed in the Arctic Ocean) and precipitation sensors, atmospheric radiation measurement instruments, an aerosol observing system, and wind and atmospheric profilers. The DOE Atmospheric System Research Program is funding research that will use data obtained by the ARM cloud observatory. NASA is supporting several researchers focused on validating ICESat-2 data with ground truth observations of sea ice thickness, snow depth, and freeboard. NOAA is contributing a flux tower and autonomous surface flux stations to measure surface energy budgets throughout the year, and a suite of snow and atmospheric radiation sensors. The U.S. National Ice Center is also providing weekly summaries of ice conditions to support MOSAiC. The NSF Arctic Sciences Section has made 23 awards to 17 different institutions to support research projects on diverse topics concerning the atmosphere; sea ice and snow; sea ice modeling; ocean physics and ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; and remote sensing. NSF also funded an office to sustain U.S. scientific leadership of this flagship program to advance Arctic weather and climate forecasting skill and to coordinate related U.S. education and outreach efforts. Policy Driver 3: Strengthen National and Regional Security As an Arctic Nation, the United States of America desires a stable and secure Arctic region where national security interests are safeguarded, as described in the DoD Arctic Strategy19. The Strategy notes that “DoD will continue to coordinate and collaborate with interagency partners on research and development activities to build Arctic capabilities through the Interagency Arctic Research and [sic] Policy Committee.” A three-way approach informs the implementation of the Strategy:

1. Building Arctic awareness 2. Enhancing Arctic operations 3. Strengthening the rules-based order in the Arctic

Building Arctic awareness and enhancing Arctic operations through observations and observing systems are exemplified by two particular IARPC efforts: the Stratified Ocean Dynamics in the Arctic (SODA) project and the work of the Arctic Observing Systems Sub-team (AOSST). Initiated by the Office of Naval Research, the 5-year SODA project was transformed, with the encouragement of OSTP, into SODA+ by the addition of contributions from BOEM, NASA, and NOAA. BOEM contributed sensors to place on deep-ocean moorings; NASA tested and evaluated sea surface salinity sensors; and NOAA contributed sail-powered drones, airborne drones, and the airborne Arctic Heat project. With a focus on measurements of three fundamental ocean properties—buoyancy, momentum, and heat—SODA+ aims to understand the changing and interactive system of sea ice, water stratification and circulation, and acoustics of the Beaufort Sea north of Alaska. After two years of planning and preparation, the SODA+ field program began in August and September 2018 with process studies from the RV Sikuliak, supplemented by sail-powered drones, airborne drones, and Arctic Heat, and the deployment, for a year, of moorings, on-ice drifting platforms, and under-ice gliders from the Coast Guard cutter Healy (WAGB 20) a medium icebreaker. Further process studies were completed in August and September 2019 in conjunction with the recovery and redeployment of the moorings and gliders by the Healy. The coordinated basic research exemplified by SODA+ is essential to the improvement of numerical models for Arctic environmental forecasting (for which NOAA and the

19 https://www.iarpccollaborations.org/members/documents/13868

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U.S. Navy have core responsibilities) and for the development of observing systems for research and Arctic domain awareness.20 Multiple individual observing systems that collectively comprise an Arctic-wide observing system provide fundamental data and information that serve numerous and interlinked purposes: (1) research to improve understanding of the Arctic changing environmental system; (2) environmental change detection and short-term prediction capability; (3) longer-term projections of the future state of the Arctic region; (4) skillful forecasts of the operational environment in support of emergency response and security; and (5) domain awareness. The AOSST has addressed national and regional security through its work on observational needs in support of security in the Arctic, and the application of multi- use observing networks for research and domain awareness. The AOSST also coordinated U.S. contributions to an Arctic-wide observing strategy and implementation plan21 of the Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON, which is a joint effort of the Arctic Council and the International Arctic Science Committee). The U.S. input emphasized the implementation of the International Arctic Observations Assessment Framework, which uses a value tree methodology to map Arctic Societal Benefit Areas to the set of Arctic observations that contribute to delivering societal benefits. The AOSST applied the assessment framework to four topics: (1) wildfire forecasting; (2) sea ice forecasting; (3) advancing the blue economy; and (4) supporting Arctic marine domain awareness. This framework- based activity is promoting collaboration that enables the research community to identify observational priorities to meet research goals and to identify gaps in current observing networks and data sets. Arctic operations are also enhanced by resilient infrastructure, which includes critical infrastructure (assets, systems and networks that underpin society)22 as well as military installations and training ranges. Understanding the causes and consequences of warming and thawing permafrost, a topic central to the work of three IARPC collaborations teams—Coastal Resilience, Permafrost, Terrestrial Ecosystems—is contributing to the enhancement of Arctic operations. For example, novel methods for detecting and mapping the size and distribution of ground ice and impacts on infrastructure are informing the operation and sustainment of Thule Air Base, Greenland, and Army mobility and mitigation of training impacts in central Alaska. IARPC contributes to strengthening the rules-based order in the Arctic by facilitating communication and collaborative research among U.S. and overseas researchers (e.g., MOSAiC described in the previous section, and SAON described above). A rules-based order is also facilitated by international scientific meetings such as the Second Arctic Science Ministerial (ASM-2) that was held in Berlin, Germany, in October 2018. Under NSF leadership, IARPC played a significant role in ASM-2: three IARPC Collaborations team leaders were members of the U.S. science delegation to the Arctic Science Forum on Day 1 of ASM-2, and Dr. France Cordova (Director of NSF and Chair of IARPC) led the U.S. Government delegation to the Ministerial itself on Day 2. The other members of the U.S. Government delegation

20Domain awareness is the effective understanding of anything associated with a particular domain (e.g., the Arctic domain), which could affect the security, safety, economy, or environment of the United States. Adapted from Navy Maritime Domain Awareness Concept, https://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/Navy_Maritime_Domain_Awareness_Concept_FINAL_2007.pdf 21https://www.arcticobserving.org/strategy 22 National Infrastructure Protection Plan, DHS 2013, https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/NIPP%202013_Partnering%20for%20Critical%20Infrastru cture%20Security%20and%20Resilience_508_0.pdf

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INTERAGENCY ARCTIC RESEARCH POLICY COMMITTEE BIENNIAL REPORT 2018-2019 were the Honorable Fran Ulmer (Chair, U.S. Arctic Research Commission) and Rear Admiral Tim Gallaudet (U.S. Navy, retired, and then-Acting Director of NOAA).

Policy Driver 4: Improve Understanding of the Arctic as a Component of Planet Earth In May 2018, the GRACE FO (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow On) satellites, a joint U.S. (NASA) and Germany mission, were launched. GRACE FO is successor to the GRACE mission, which surveyed the Earth from 2002 to 2017. Among the products of both missions are estimates of the diminishing mass of the Greenland ice sheet, and other large land ice bodies in the Arctic. In September 2018, NASA launched the ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite-2) satellite, the successor to the ICESat mission, which surveyed the Earth from 2003-2009. The elevation of the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet is a key product of both missions. ICESat-2 also measures the surface elevation, or freeboard, of sea ice, from which its thickness can be inferred. GRACE-FO and ICESat-2 data are available to all researchers regardless of their affiliation and country of origin. This open-data policy encourages the collaborative research that is essential to understand and respond to two critical issues concerning the role of the Arctic as a component of Planet Earth. One critical issue is the role of Arctic glaciers, ice caps, and the Greenland Ice Sheet in sea-level change, a topic central to the work of the IARPC Glaciers and Sea Level Collaboration Team. The team has been a forum for bringing together Federal and non-Federal researchers engaged in observing and modeling land ice to address topics such as the challenges of projecting the future state of the Greenland Ice Sheet, and the complexity and variability of radiative forcing and sediment discharge that pose a challenge to modelers. Discussions have also highlighted the absence of dynamic mountain glaciers in Earth System models and the need for further development of glacier processes in models. A second critical issue is the impact of diminishing Arctic sea ice and impacts on weather in the mid- latitude regions of the Earth. This was a particular focus of the Atmosphere Collaboration Team, which addressed emerging findings related to the Polar Vortex.23 Discussions explored differences between stratospheric and tropospheric polar vortices, their increasing influence on mid-latitude weather and extreme events, and connections between those events and climate. The Atmosphere Collaboration Team and the Modeling Sub-team, with staff group approval, added language to the Plan to address mid-latitude weather connections jointly. Related to the Polar Vortex discussions was a joint effort of the Atmosphere and Modeling collaboration teams to raise awareness of the Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project (PAMIP). Aimed at understanding why Arctic air temperatures are rising at twice the rate of the global average and the global impacts of this phenomenon, PAMIP also contributes to continuing efforts to enhance interagency coordination for numerical model development, evaluations, synthesis, and verification that enhances predictability and the understanding of important processes in the context of the broader Arctic system and its impacts on the rest of the world. In addition to the impacts of diminishing Arctic sea ice and land ice on the rest of the world, and the impacts of warming and thawing permafrost on Arctic infrastructure (see previous section), IARPC is addressing a third critical issue: warming and thawing permafrost, soil carbon content, and the prospect of radiatively potent gases such as carbon dioxide and methane being released to the Arctic and sub-Arctic atmosphere. Of mutual interest to the Permafrost, Terrestrial Ecosystem, and Modeling teams, those topics fostered discussions of the representation of permafrost processes in Arctic System

23 https://www.weather.gov/safety/cold-polar-vortex

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INTERAGENCY ARCTIC RESEARCH POLICY COMMITTEE BIENNIAL REPORT 2018-2019 models in order to enhance permafrost projection capabilities and identified the need for better maps of ground ice and assessment of regional responses to abrupt thaw of ice-rich permafrost.

The Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021 and ‘America Leading the World in Science and Technology’ In April 2019, the Office of Science and Technology Policy released a statement—‘America Leading the World in Science and Technology’24—describing the Administration’s commitment “to a robust agenda that unleashes American discovery and innovation, builds our workforce of the future, and advances American values at home and abroad.” Through its continued successful implementation of Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021, as highlighted in the previous section, IARPC is making a significant contribution to this agenda. This section describes three additional IARPC initiatives that address the ‘America Leading the World in Science and Technology’ agenda. Unleash American Discovery and Innovation Active since December 2018, the IARPC Diversity and Inclusion Working Group pursues three goals: 1. Share resources and best practices for improving diversity and inclusion in Arctic research wherever it takes place—the office, the laboratory, workshops and conferences, and in fieldwork. 2. Provide a virtual meeting space for members to discuss and identify opportunities to network, find mentors, and make progress on creating diverse and inclusive research environments. 3. Promote discussion on equity in Arctic research that addresses Indigenous peoples, women, and minorities in particular.

The Diversity and Inclusion Working Group recognizes that increasing diversity and inclusion in Arctic research provides a wealth of different viewpoints and approaches that enrich research in all disciplines and strengthen the research community. Acknowledging the great value of diversity and inclusion, the working group promotes open conversations on how to increase inclusion and equity in ways that will enhance research and problem solving, and support discovery and innovation in the search for solutions to the many pressing challenges facing the Arctic. Build the Workforce of the Future In December 2018, the National Science and Technology Council Committee on STEM Education (NSTC CoSTEM) released the report Charting a Course for Success: America’s Strategy for STEM Education.25 Throughout the circum-Arctic region, STEM education is recognized as essential for preparing people to meet the challenges faced due to Arctic change, and for empowering them to participate in the development of policies and make decisions that will affect future social and environmental conditions in the Arctic. Additionally, since conditions in the Arctic are changing so rapidly, using examples of Arctic science in STEM education can increase student engagement in Arctic classrooms, and elsewhere in the world, and enhance understanding of climate science. In response to the NSTC CoSTEM report, in August 2018 IARPC created an Arctic STEM Education Working Group. The goals of the working group are:

24 https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/america-leading-world-science-technology/ 25 https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/STEM-Education-Strategic-Plan-2018.pdf

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1. Identify current STEM education efforts that leverage Arctic science and opportunities for STEM education synergies among Federal agencies. 2. Engage with national, State, and local education organizations and agencies, and then international education organizations and agencies. 3. Develop an engaged community from a diverse variety of Federal and non-Federal organizations, e.g., practitioners/educators, local colleges, museums and libraries, northern communities, to share resources, new findings and best practices.

The Arctic STEM Education Working Group is working with the NSTC CoSTEM to coordinate Federally funded efforts both in the Arctic and about the Arctic. This partnership will help build the workforce of the future through the development of a diverse and highly skilled pool of Arctic STEM-literate citizens equipped to advance discovery and innovation in Arctic research. Advance American Values In 1990, recognizing that researchers working in the Arctic have a responsibility to respect local culture and knowledge, and advance stewardship of the Arctic environment, IARPC released the original Principles for the Conduct of Research in the Arctic. To better align with U.S. Arctic policy, to incorporate the latest advances in research methods, and to reflect expanded research efforts and disciplinary breadth in a rapidly changing Arctic, in December 2018 IARPC released the updated Principles for Conducting Research in the Arctic.26 Informed by diverse input from Federal, State, and local government representatives, Alaska Native people and organizations, academic institutions and individual researchers through outreach efforts, listening sessions, and two Federal Register open comment periods, the core Principles are: • Be Accountable • Establish Effective Communication • Respect Indigenous Knowledge and Cultures • Build and Sustain Relationships • Pursue Responsible Environmental Stewardship

These updated Principles for Conducting Research in the Arctic reflect the core principles of freedom of inquiry, scientific integrity, collaboration, and openness called for in ‘America Leading the World in Science and Technology.’

The Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021 and Administration Research and Development Priorities In August 2019, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office of the President issued a memorandum describing the Administration’s FY2021 research and development (R&D) priorities.27 This section provides some examples of how the continued implementation of the Plan will contribute to the Oceans and Earth System Predictability topics in the American Energy and Environmental Leadership budgetary priority, and the Priority Crosscutting Actions to Build and Leverage a Diverse, Highly-skilled American Workforce, Create and

26https://www.iarpccollaborations.org/uploads/cms/documents/principles_for_conducting_research_in_the_a rctic_final_2018.pdf 27 https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/FY-21-RD-Budget-Priorities.pdf

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Support Research Environments that Reflect American Values, and Build, Strengthen, and Expand Strategic Multisector Partnerships. The Plan addresses Oceans issues through five collaboration teams in particular: Health and Well-being; Sea Ice; Marine Ecosystems; Coastal Resilience; and Environmental Intelligence. Many Arctic communities are located by the ocean, where coastal residents continue to pursue a traditional way of life that depends on the marine (and terrestrial) ecosystems for food security. Sea ice, a habitat for numerous organisms, large and small, plays a key role in shaping the structure and function of marine ecosystems that are integral to coastal community cultures, and peoples’ health and well-being. Environmental Intelligence—Observations; Models; Data Management—is essential to understanding processes, interactions and variability of Arctic peoples’ health and well-being, marine ecosystems and sea ice, and science-informed management policy and decisions. The Plan addresses Earth System Predictability issues through its focus on basic research to understand physical and biological processes, interactions and systems, which informs their representation in weather, water, and ice forecast models, Arctic System models, and Arctic climate models. For example, the predictability of sea ice, a critical component of the Arctic and Earth systems, is the focus of the Sea Ice Prediction Network,28 which is supported by multiple IARPC agencies. Now in its second phase, the Sea Ice Prediction Network continues the annual Sea Ice Outlook to advance understanding of the impact on predictability of variables such as initial ice thickness, melt pond fraction, melt onset and ice retreat, and weather. The network now also conducts quantitative analysis of model forecast outputs, investigates the role of ocean heat flux on the limits of sub-seasonal to seasonal ice predictability, and studies the economic value of 2-week to seasonal scale predictions. The IARPC contributions—STEM Education Working Group; Diversity and Inclusion Working Group; Principles for Conducting Research in the Arctic—to Build and Leverage a Diverse, Highly-skilled American Workforce and Create and Support Research Environments that Reflect American Values were described in the previous section. By its very nature, IARPC makes a significant contribution to Build, Strengthen, and Expand Strategic Multisector Partnerships. For example, through the innovative IARPC Collaborations platform and practice, multiple stakeholders are coming together to address the need for research and an early warning system for harmful algal blooms, which are growing in number and intensity in the Bering Sea region, where Indigenous people and communities are concerned about the implications for marine wildlife and subsistence hunting.

Alignment with the Recommendations of the U.S. Arctic Research Commission Through the Arctic Research Policy Act (ARPA), IARPC is tasked to align its activities with the recommendations put forth by the United States Arctic Research Commission (USARC), which publishes a biennial Goals and Objectives Report (the Report). The most recent Report—Goals and Objectives for Arctic Research 2019-202129—was published in 2019, in the midst of the implementation of the Arctic Research Plan 2017-2021 (the Plan). While the current Plan cannot directly respond to the Report, the connections developed during frequent discussions between these two bodies is evident through the many shared goals and objectives in the two documents. The implementation arm of IARPC, the nine Collaboration Teams, and three sub-teams, are advancing research in line with the Report.

28 https://www.arcus.org/sipn 29 https://www.arctic.gov/reports_goals.html

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The USARC Report on Goals and Objectives for Arctic Research 2019-2020 has five goals: 1. Advance Arctic Infrastructure 2. Assess Arctic Natural Resources 3. Observe, Understand, and Forecast Arctic Environmental Change 4. Improve Community Health and Well-being 5. Enhance International Science Cooperation in the Arctic Several teams have Performance Elements that contribute to USARC Goal 1 (Advance Arctic Infrastructure). They include the Health and Well-being Collaboration Team, the Terrestrial Ecosystems Collaboration Team, the Permafrost Collaboration Team, the Coastal Resilience Collaboration Team, and the Environmental Intelligence Collaboration Team. Permafrost Collaboration Team activities include a collaboration with the Denali Commission to determine how warming and thawing of permafrost impact infrastructure; the Denali Commission will deliver a report on this topic in 2020. The Coastal Resilience Team supports efforts, like those by the Alaska Department of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, to understand storm surge and saline inundation impacts on coastal infrastructure and human health and safety. Under USARC Goal 2 (Assess Arctic Natural Resources), the Marine Ecosystems and Terrestrial Ecosystems teams support interagency efforts to better assess animal abundance and distribution. The Coastal Resilience and Environmental Intelligence teams support interagency efforts to develop new sensor technologies and data collection techniques to improve understanding of relationships across coastal systems as well as updating of baseline maps and charts across the Arctic. USARC Goal 3 (Observe, Understand, and Forecast Environmental Change) is central to much of the interagency research described in the Plan and all collaboration teams contribute to this goal. The work of several collaboration teams is directly relevant to the USARC Goals and Objectives Report 2019-2020. Efforts by the Permafrost Collaboration Team in coordination with the Permafrost Carbon Network advance the understanding of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes to improve climate projections. The Arctic Observing Systems Sub-team is working at both a domestic and international level to develop a sustained Arctic observing network based on a societal benefits framework. The Modeling Sub-team has held many discussions regarding model-intercomparison projects that inform how well Earth System models capture Arctic processes and enhance projections of the future. The Health and Well-being Collaboration Team directly addresses USARC Goal 4 (Improve Community Health and Well-being) through a wide range of activities, including participation in One Health activities related to pathogens emerging in response to the changing climate, and support of increased efforts by the Department of Justice to address the crisis of violence against women in rural Alaska. Other collaboration teams are also invested in supporting Goal 4 through consideration of community health needs and connecting Arctic science to the well-being of those living there. Finally, IARPC and many collaboration teams support USARC Goal 5 (Enhance International Science Cooperation in the Arctic) through continued inclusion of internationally relevant research and researchers in team meetings and reports, and significant participation in international research activities (e.g., MOSAiC). IARPC and USARC will continue to work together to address research needs in the Arctic. The USARC Goals and Objectives Report will inform the development of the Arctic Research Plan 2022-2027, for which preparations are getting underway in early 2020.

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Appendix 5e: IARPC Accomplishments in IARPC Northern Communities What is IARPC? The Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) is a committee of the U.S. National Science and Technology Council. It aims to enhance scientific research on environmental issues in the Arctic through coordination of federal agencies and domestic and international collaborators. It consists of representatives from 16 agencies, departments, and offices across the U.S. federal govern ment and is chaired by the director of the National Science Foundation.

What is IARPC Collaborations? IARPC Collaborations is a platform that brings together federal and non-federal researchers and partners to work together to address the critical challenges laid out in the Arctic Research Plan. Over 2000 Arctic researchers and stakeholders have come together to accelerate the pace of Arctic research. IARPC Collaborations participants include individuals from the state of Alaska and academic, non-profit, private sector, Indigenous, and international organizations.

What is the Arctic Research Plan? IARPC is required to develop and implement a five-year research plan in consultation with the U.S. Arctic Research Commission, the governor of the state of Alaska, residents of the Arctic, the private sector, and public interest groups. The plan identifies critical areas where U.S. Arctic research supports U.S. policy from community to global scales and looks for areas where federal investment is enhanced through interagency collaboration. It intentionally builds on the strong intellectual accomplishments and ideas of the research community. The plan aims to advance knowledge and decision support for challenges an d opportunities that lie ahead. It is implemented in part through IARPC 160 Collaborations.

Photo: Alexis Bonogofsky/USFWS iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

Photo by Elizabeth Eubanks (PolarTREC 2008), Courtesy of ARCUS

Increasing Awareness on Issues Related to IARPC'S WORK Food Security in the Arctic IN NORTHERN Food security is a major cross-cutting research theme throughout the COMMUNITIES 2017-2021 plan. Established in 2017, the Coastal Resilience Collaboration Team has increased awareness about essential issues Examples from the regarding food security in the Arctic by hosting food security-oriented 2017-2021 Arctic webinars and discussions. IARPC provided a research platform for Research Plan sharing information, observations, activities, and research findings on food security topics including harmful algal blooms and seabird die-offs, cultural importance of shorebirds, caribou use of habitat near energy development, ringed seal movements, and sea star wasting disease. This platform has allowed researchers to get a better understanding of what some communities value in research so that they can work in better alignment with community needs. Additionally, with guidance from the Inuit Circumpolar Council, the Coastal Resilience Collaboration Team has provided opportunities for the IARPC community to learn more about Inuit food security, applying a food security lens to their work, and understanding the interconnected nature of the Arctic. This collaboration has helped raise awareness about the nuances and importance of food security to northern communities. The team has also provided communities with opportunities to highlight their concerns and share their work.*

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Working with Communities to Establish Baseline Data on Harmful Algal Blooms

In 2018 and 2019, the Environmental Intelligence Collaboration Team facilitated the coordination of research cruises in the Bering and Chukchi seas to enhance harmful algal bloom (HAB) research and sampling activities. This led to seed funding from the Alaska Ocean Observing System, the U.S. Arctic Research Commission, and NOAA ’s Alaska Regional Collaboration Team to collect water and biological samples for HAB detection and to host a two-day HAB workshop (July 2019) in Nome, Alaska, that focused on potential public health risks of HABs. The community sampling effort was the beginning of an essential baseline understanding of HABs in the Bering Strait region. It addressed the need for information on testing of natural reso urces and subsistence foods for algal toxins and potential impacts on human health through wild food consumption. Follow-up information was shared with communities and other entities. This effort continues today and is now primarily focused on connecting researchers in the Bering Sea region with each other and helping to synthesize knowledge from research for use by communities.

Addressing Issues Around Violence in Alaska Indigenous Communities

In 2019, the Health & Well-Being Collaboration Team addressed issues around violence in Alaska Indigenous communities. A meeting focused on this topic addressed reports by Department of Justice researchers on the National Baseline Study to assess Alaska Indigenous women’s experiences with violence and victimization, health responses, service needs, and help-seeking. It also examined the contributions of Village Public Safety Offers and highlighted efforts to determine effective methods to assess exposure to violence and victimization among Alaska Indigenous youth and to improve their health and well-being.

Addressing Mental Health Challenges

The Health & Well-Being Collaboration Team advanced several initiatives to improve Alaska Indigenous mental health, including the new toolkit from RISING SUN (Reducing the Incidence of Suicide in Indigenous Groups – Strengths United through Networks), an activity arising from the U.S. chairmanship of the Arctic Council ending in 2017. In addition, the team highlighted the work of ANCHRR (Alaska Native Collaborative Hub for Research on Resilience), which conducts resilience-focused research to increase community health by strategically strengthening local institutions, programs, and cultural practices that protect youth from suicide and related risks. This project works to integrate community needs; is driven, supported, and led by communities; and seeks to understand strength-based approaches at a community level.

*IARPC understands and acknowledges the lack of internet connectivity across many regions of the Arctic and recognizes that the IARPC Collaborations platform is limited and only able to reach some community members. 162 iarpccollaborations.org January 19, 2021

Photo by Joshua Blouin/USFWS

Status of the Arctic Research Plan DEVELOPING Every five years, IARPC develops a new Arctic Research Plan. The next THE NEXT plan, which will cover 2022 to 2026, is currently under development by a ARCTIC team from the IARPC secretariat and member federal agencies. Beginning in October 2019, IARPC began to share information with the RESEARCH public about the development of the next Arctic Research Plan. IARPC PLAN (2022- held a public comment period between April 3 and August 2, 2020. During this period, IARPC and others hosted public listening sessions 2026) and webinars. IARPC has collected comments from Indigenous Contact communities, researchers, federal agencies, state of Alaska agencies, and others to inform the plan. This input will help shape the text of the [email protected] first draft of the 2022-2026 Arctic Research Plan. with any comments or questions. Public Input on the Draft Plan

Once a draft plan is complete, IARPC will issue a second Federal Register Notice to collect input and comments on the draft. This notice is scheduled for February 2021. This input will be used by the federal drafting teams to revise the plan. All comments and responses that IARPC receives during this second engagement phase will be made publicly available on the IARPC Collaborations website (iarpccollaborations.org). 163 iarpccollaborations.org