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ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studia Historica Upsaliensia 267 Utgivna Av Historiska Institutionen Vid Uppsala Universitet Geno

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ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studia Historica Upsaliensia 267 Utgivna Av Historiska Institutionen Vid Uppsala Universitet Geno ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studia Historica Upsaliensia 267 Utgivna av Historiska institutionen vid Uppsala universitet genom Margaret Hunt och Maria Ågren Omslagsbild: Sättning: Germund Larsson Viktor Englund Summary: The Prison Community That Should Not Have Been Survival and Adaptation in Prison During the Years 1890–1920 !" # $% &'() (!*(+, , ," - . /. -# * " , 0 1-2 34 5 6- 7-&'()-#8 , -9 , 8 ($)':()&'- &;-&&; - *1 -</=%);$)(+(!';+)- . ,, , , . ,, . , . . - > " 3 6 1 3 6- , , 28 . -?/. , , - ($)':()&'- . . /. . - > ,* . , , . ,, . , ,, , @ < . . . . ,, , , .. . - < . . , A - , . < - . A B - , . - . , . , , . . - A , . - . , ,, , * , , ,- " " 28 1 /C /" // //,D = / " C " C !"# $ %&'"! ( E7 &'() <//%''$(+!( </=%);$)(+(!';+) * *** !)!!&'3 *FF --F @ G * *** !)!!&'6 Innehållsförteckning Förord................................................................................................................... 9 Förkortningar .................................................................................................... 13 1. Inledning ........................................................................................................ 15 En fängelsehistoria med fången i centrum .............................................. 15 Forskningsläge .............................................................................................. 17 Foucault och fängelset ....................................................................... 18 Det moderna fängelsets uppkomst .................................................. 19 Teoretiska utgångspunkter ......................................................................... 22 Fängelsestraffet som berövanden..................................................... 22 Fångsamhället ...................................................................................... 24 Totala institutioner ............................................................................. 25 Syfte och frågeställningar ............................................................................ 26 Bakgrund och kontext – två fängelsesystem ........................................... 28 Operationalisering ........................................................................................ 32 Val av undersökningsperiod .............................................................. 32 Centralfängelset på Långholmen och dess fångar – avhandlingens huvudsakliga undersökningsobjekt ........................ 33 Förhörsprotokollen och det fångcentrerade perspektivet som metod ........................................................................................... 36 Memoarer och (fång)biografier ........................................................ 42 Disposition .................................................................................................... 44 2. Den egna hälsan som handlingsutrymme ................................................. 47 Inledning........................................................................................................ 47 Fängelser och hälsa i historieskrivningen ................................................. 48 Fängelseläkarens roll och makt i tidigare forskning ...................... 50 Psykiskt lidande i ensamcellen ................................................................... 51 Stimuleringsstrategier – ett sätt att överleva ................................... 53 Aktören i det institutionella mörkret ........................................................ 58 Inledning .............................................................................................. 58 Den simulerade ohälsan ..................................................................... 58 Det simulerade självmordsförsöket ................................................. 63 Självskadebeteenden som redskap för att hantera tillvaron ......... 64 Självskadepraktiker och den problematiska vården ....................... 67 Moderna perspektiv på självskador .................................................. 70 Sammanfattande diskussion ....................................................................... 72 3. Gemenskapen i ensamhetssystemet .......................................................... 77 Inledning ....................................................................................................... 77 Precisering av undersökningsobjektet ...................................................... 78 Ensamhetssystemet som ideal och praktik – tidigare forskning om fångarnas kommunicerande ................................................................ 80 Den totala isoleringen krackelerar ............................................................. 82 Kvantitativa perspektiv på fångarnas kommunicerande .............. 82 Kommunikationens praktiker och tekniker ............................................. 85 Inbjudningar till kommunikation och materiella förutsättningar ..................................................................................... 85 Det skrivna ordet: Kreativitet, förutsättningar och distributionsvägar ............................................................................... 89 Ristande och klotter ........................................................................... 92 Kommunikation mellan promenadgårdarna .................................. 95 Fångtelegrafen – knackspråket ......................................................... 98 Samtalandet ........................................................................................ 104 Tecken och signaler .......................................................................... 107 Fångkurirerna bland gemensam- och ensamfångar .................... 108 Ett fångsamhälle i skärskådning .............................................................. 111 Strävanden att upprätthålla den totala isoleringen mot slutet av 1910-talet ..................................................................................................... 116 Sammanfattande diskussion ..................................................................... 117 4. Förbjudna sätt att påverka den materiella tillvaron .............................. 121 Inledning ..................................................................................................... 121 Tidigare forskning om smuggling och den materiella tillvaron i fängelser ....................................................................................................... 123 Smuggling och andra illegala sätt att påverka den materiella tillvaron ........................................................................................................ 126 Ankomsten ........................................................................................ 126 Den smugglande personalen ........................................................... 128 Anklagelser, hot och hållhakar gentemot personalen ................. 132 Inkomster, tvång och mutor ........................................................... 134 De frigivna och fångarnas materiella tillvaro ............................... 139 Anförvanter, vänner och civila arbetares involvering i smuggling ........................................................................................... 143 Smuggling från insidan till utsidan ................................................. 147 Illegalt tillverkande av föremål ....................................................... 151 Sammanfattande diskussion ..................................................................... 152 5. Den produktiva smugglingen .................................................................. 155 Inledning..................................................................................................... 155 Olaga innehav ............................................................................................ 155 Den förbjudna tillverkningen som sysselsättning och ett sätt att utvidga handlingsutrymmen .................................................................... 161 Tillverkandet av nycklar .................................................................. 162 En tillvaro utan nyheter? .......................................................................... 164 Materiellt stöd och arv mellan fångar .................................................... 168 ”Tobaken är fängelsets guld” .................................................................. 170 Inledning ........................................................................................... 170 Förbud, återlegaliseringen och perspektiv på varför tobaken spelade roll ......................................................................... 172 Desperation och begär .................................................................... 174 Handel, betalningsmedel och distribution ................................... 178 Sammanfattande diskussion .................................................................... 182 6. Fångsamhället som inte skulle finnas ..................................................... 187 Inledning....................................................................................................
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