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A Multi-Agent Intelligent Design System Integrating Manufacturing and Shop-Floor Control

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A Multi-Agent Intelligent Design System Integrating Manufacturing and Shop-Floor Control From: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multiagent Systems. Copyright © 1995, AAAI (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. A Multi-AgentIntelligent Design System Integrating ManufacturingAnd Shop-Floor Control SivaramBsll ubramanianand Douglas H. Norrie Division of ManufaclnringEngineering Depamnentof MechanicalEngineering University of Calgely Calgary, AB, C.=nadn T2NIN4 Abm’aet Jacksonet al. 1993], serviceability [’Makinnet ul. 1989], and reo/d~ility [Markino et al. 1994] early into the A multi-agnnt architectnre has been developedfor the design phase. These aspects of the product are integration of design, riming, and shop floor considered conjointly with the design functions. This control activities. This is based on cooperating approach can reduce the number of redesigns, thus intellismt entities in the sub-domain~which make shorteningproduct developmentlead times. In addition, decisions through negotiation, using domain-specific better products with moretml~nced overall performance knowledgeboth distributed amongthe entities and be produced, because of early consideration of all ao~ssible to them. Using this archRecmral relevant aspects of the product.life cycle. framework, an Agent Based Coty~’rent Design Achieving good manufactarab~ty and minimum Environmentsystem has been developed for featare- productioncost is often consideredto be the mostcritical based design, manufacturability evaluation, and factors when implementing concurrent engineering dypnmlc process planning. This is a multi-agent design. This brings the downstreamconcerns up front prototype system involving the following types of and helps avoid costly redesign iterations at the agent: design agent; geometric interface agent; manufacturing stage. Using Design for feature agent; part agem;machine agent; tool agent; ManufLetumbilitytools, a designer can significantly environment manager; and shop floor manager. A improvedesigns through trade-offs betweenfunctionality new technique for evaluating manufacturability is and manufacturability. Other considerations, such as introduced,based on interacting intelligent features of assembly,maintainability, and serviceability can often he the part being designed. This proof-of-concept incorporated into the design phase in a similar manner. system was developedfor three-dimensional prismatic For effective concurrent engineering, software tools are parts, with twenty-fivedifferent feature types, but can neededfor systematically collecting knowledgeand data be extended to other geometries. The system has that are related to the design, manufacturing,service and been completed and tested, and is being integrated maintenance tasks and for synthesizing optimal design into a larger multi-agent environmentincorporating with b.qlnnced overall perform*nee. The two most muting, sehecbding, and overall productioncontrol. intportant capabilities for concurrent engineeringdesign softwarerelate to the generationof all feasible designand Introduction to the evaluation of ~ility and production costs jointly with design functional performancefor each Glob~liTAtion of the economy and the resulting alternative design. competitive industrial envimment demands that the Concurrent engineering aims at quick product indusuy develop new products with shorter lead times turnover and better b,qlanced product, by integrating and better overall performance.Product design decisions various issues of product life cycle right at the design play an important role in determining the form, cost, stage. Thoughthe philosophy and the need have been reliability and marketacceptance of the final product and well studied, the implementation of the concept hence the emerging concurrent engineering (or necessitates radically new approaches to ac~hieve simultaneous engineering) design methodologyalms to concurrency in the complexmulti-objective decisions, address various life-cycle values of a productin the early based on the large volumeof interacting domain-specific stages of its design [Ishii 1990]. Instead of followingthe information. One solution is to use cooperating conventional, sequentially arranged product development intelligent entities to represent domain specific process, concurrent engmeoring design incorporates knowledge and make decisions through a negotiation considerations such as mannfacturabifity [Mabajanet al. process. Such an implementationis possible by using the 1993, Regii et ul. 1994], assembly[Jackeila et al. 1985, concept of a heterogeneous multi-agent system. This paper describes a feature-based design system for Balasubramanian 3 From: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multiagent Systems. Copyright © 1995, AAAI (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. prismatic components, implemented within the mnsiderable improvement in feature recognition frameworkof multi-ngent based concurrent engineering techniques, they do not producea sufficiently complete design. The multi-ngent architecture for integrating set of data and certain mam~re]aged information design, manufacturing and shop-floor control is also has to comefrom other sources, thus making complete described and the implementationissues associated with automationdifficult. Moreover,feature recognition is a thig i~c~l 81~ analyzed. seqt~tial process and besga~mmment evaluation of features for mamffacturability is not feasible. Feature Related Work on Feature Based Dmign based d~_igndoes not have these disadvantages, but can have the problem of having too manyfeatmm to easily Featum-bueddesign is central to the Agent Based wanage. User configurable features provide a feasible Concurrent Design Environment developed. The major solution to this problem. However, fea~ design features of several key existing feature-based design representatioas are non-uniqne, depending on the systemsare therefore briefly reviewed. selection and use of features. Concummtautomation is TheFit3t-Cut project is a feature-besed design system possible with feature based design and hence, holds more in which individual features and their corresponding promisefor concurrent engineeringdesign. procc~ plans are combined to create a part and The initial approaches to concurrent engineering manufactmingplan concurrently [Cntkoskyet al. 1988]. design used a centrafi~l knowledgebmc. A disUributed The Next-Cut feature-based design system was developed approachis advantageoussince infommtionpertaining to to work on designs from wore than one level of detail ~in.¢ Call be separately and better organized and across multiple views while maintaining consistency and nmlti-objecfive decisiomcan be achievedthrough of part representation [Cutkoskyet al. 1992]. the cooperating entities aeee~ngthese Imowledgebases. The Ar/zoua State University Features Testbed is a Such an approach is fe~ble through the concept of system for designing, documentingand evaluating parts betemgeneonsmulti-agent ~tenm. and is or~nized into a shell for product definition and In recent years, several distributed agent approaches another for mappingand applications [Shah and Rogers to concurrcmengineering have been reported, including 1989]. The Feature Modeling Shell includes a form the large-granularity Palo Alto Collaborative Testbod feature modeleras well as other modelersfor tolerances, (PACT)[Cutknsy et al. 1993] in which existing design materials, etc. Each modeler can be used in setup mode and other systems were ’wrapped’to form agents and the to create specific features and feature knowledge.These finer-granularity Designworld system [Genesereth1991] feature libraries can then be used to create part models. in whichprocesses were implementedas agents. The Qtfick Turnaround Cell System (QTC) [Anderson and Chang 1990] combines a feature-based A Multi-Agent Framework for Concurrent design system with automatic process planning. In this Engineering system, the features are related to machiningoperations, but do not correspond on a one to one basis with Materials and shop floor resources greatly affect the ~rtannfafUMing f-e~ltuge$. CADETSis a feature based man~ity analysis. A design may be design system incorporating manofact~ngconstraints manufacturshleunder one set of shop floor resources, but [Wright and I-I~nam 1989]. not another. Likewise, the stock materials from which For products designod in an external location the the part will be manufacturedcan impact the numberof sequential process of feature recognition, process stepsrequired, and hence the cost of the design. Further, planning and scheduling maybe quite appropriate and the schedule of shop floor resources wiU have a one such approachis given in [Cmetat. 19941. significant impact on the process plan to be used and A general architecture for the design with features hencothe cost of design. concgpt is given in [Dixon 1988]. A comprehensive Ideally, a productdesigner should be awareof all the review of early research in mechanical engineering technical constraints (material~processes, tools, etc.) design including features and feature based design can be and shop floor consWaints(routing, scheduling, etc.). found in Finger and Dixon [1989a, 1989b]. A more But with the yew large amountof infommtitminvolved, snmmaryof recent research in feature based design is a designer often needs the assistance of other domain given by ~lomom[1993]. experts. Thin process of information exchange, whether foUowing The conclusions can be drawn from the it be sequential or concurrent, can be very time literature review. Feature identification and definition is consuming.One
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