Evolution and Intelligent Design
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Uniqueness and Symmetry in Bargaining Theories of Justice
Philos Stud DOI 10.1007/s11098-013-0121-y Uniqueness and symmetry in bargaining theories of justice John Thrasher Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Abstract For contractarians, justice is the result of a rational bargain. The goal is to show that the rules of justice are consistent with rationality. The two most important bargaining theories of justice are David Gauthier’s and those that use the Nash’s bargaining solution. I argue that both of these approaches are fatally undermined by their reliance on a symmetry condition. Symmetry is a substantive constraint, not an implication of rationality. I argue that using symmetry to generate uniqueness undermines the goal of bargaining theories of justice. Keywords David Gauthier Á John Nash Á John Harsanyi Á Thomas Schelling Á Bargaining Á Symmetry Throughout the last century and into this one, many philosophers modeled justice as a bargaining problem between rational agents. Even those who did not explicitly use a bargaining problem as their model, most notably Rawls, incorporated many of the concepts and techniques from bargaining theories into their understanding of what a theory of justice should look like. This allowed them to use the powerful tools of game theory to justify their various theories of distributive justice. The debates between partisans of different theories of distributive justice has tended to be over the respective benefits of each particular bargaining solution and whether or not the solution to the bargaining problem matches our pre-theoretical intuitions about justice. There is, however, a more serious problem that has effectively been ignored since economists originally J. -
Slope Takers in Anonymous Markets"
Slope Takers in Anonymous Markets Marek Weretka,y 29th May 2011 Abstract In this paper, we study interactions among large agents trading in anonymous markets. In such markets, traders have no information about other traders’payo¤s, identities or even submitted orders. To trade optimally, each trader estimates his own price impact from the available data on past prices as well as his own trades and acts optimally, given such a simple (residual supply) representation of the residual mar- ket. We show that in a Walrasian auction, which is known to have a multiplicity of Nash equilibria that if all traders independently estimate and re-estimate price im- pacts, market interactions converge to a particular Nash equilibrium. Consequently, anonymity and learning argument jointly provide a natural selection argument for the Nash equilibrium in a Walrasian auction. We then study the properties of such focal equilibrium. JEL clasi…cation: D43, D52, L13, L14 Keywords: Walrasian Auction, Anonymous Thin Markets, Price impacts 1 Introduction Many markets, e.g., markets for …nancial assets are anonymous. In such markets inform- ation of each individual trader is restricted to own trades and commonly observed market price. Traders have no information about other traders’payo¤s, identities or submitted or- ders. The archetypical framework to study anonymous markets, a competitive equilibrium I would like to thank Paul Klemperer, Margaret Meyer, Peyton Young and especially Marzena Rostek for helpful conversations. yUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Economics, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706. E-mail: [email protected]. 1 assumes the following preconditions 1) all traders freely and optimally adjust traded quant- ities to prices; 2) trade occurs in centralized anonymous markets; and 3) individual traders are negligible and hence treat prices parametrically. -
Ono Mato Pee 145
789493 148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 148215 9 789493 148215 789493 9 9 789493 148215 9 148215 789493 148215 789493 9 148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 148215 789493 9 789493 148215 9 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 99 789493789493 148215148215 9 789493 148215 99 789493789493 148215148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 9 789493 148215 145 PEE MATO ONO Graphic Design Systems, and the Systems of Graphic Design Francisco Laranjo Bibliography M.; Drenttel, W. & Heller, S. (2012) Within graphic design, the concept of systems is profoundly Escobar, A. (2018) Designs for Looking Closer 4: Critical Writings rooted in form. When a term such as system is invoked, it is the Pluriverse (New Ecologies for on Graphic Design. Allworth Press, normally related to macro and micro-typography, involving pp. 199–207. the Twenty-First Century). Duke book design and typesetting, but also addressing type design University Press. Manzini, E. (2015) Design, When or parametric typefaces. Branding and signage are two other Jenner, K. (2016) Chill Kendall Jenner Everybody Designs: An Introduction Didn’t Think People Would Care to Design for Social Innovation. domains which nearly claim exclusivity of the use of the That She Deleted Her Instagram. Massachusetts: MIT Press. word ‘systems’ in relation to graphic design. A key example of In: Vogue. Available at: https://www. Meadows, D. (2008) Thinking in this is the influential bookGrid Systems in Graphic Design vogue.com/article/kendall-jenner- Systems. -
Mike Kelley's Studio
No PMS Flood Varnish Spine: 3/16” (.1875”) 0413_WSJ_Cover_02.indd 1 2/4/13 1:31 PM Reine de Naples Collection in every woman is a queen BREGUET BOUTIQUES – NEW YORK FIFTH AVENUE 646 692-6469 – NEW YORK MADISON AVENUE 212 288-4014 BEVERLY HILLS 310 860-9911 – BAL HARBOUR 305 866-1061 – LAS VEGAS 702 733-7435 – TOLL FREE 877-891-1272 – WWW.BREGUET.COM QUEEN1-WSJ_501x292.indd 1-2 01.02.13 16:56 BREGUET_205640303.indd 2 2/1/13 1:05 PM BREGUET_205640303.indd 3 2/1/13 1:06 PM a sporting life! 1-800-441-4488 Hermes.com 03_501,6x292,1_WSJMag_Avril_US.indd 1 04/02/13 16:00 FOR PRIVATE APPOINTMENTS AND MADE TO MEASURE INQUIRIES: 888.475.7674 R ALPHLAUREN.COM NEW YORK BEVERLY HILLS DALLAS CHICAGO PALM BEACH BAL HARBOUR WASHINGTON, DC BOSTON 1.855.44.ZEGNA | Shop at zegna.com Passion for Details Available at Macy’s and macys.com the new intense fragrance visit Armanibeauty.com SHIONS INC. Phone +1 212 940 0600 FA BOSS 0510/S HUGO BOSS shop online hugoboss.com www.omegawatches.com We imagined an 18K red gold diving scale so perfectly bonded with a ceramic watch bezel that it would be absolutely smooth to the touch. And then we created it. The result is as aesthetically pleasing as it is innovative. You would expect nothing less from OMEGA. Discover more about Ceragold technology on www.omegawatches.com/ceragold New York · London · Paris · Zurich · Geneva · Munich · Rome · Moscow · Beijing · Shanghai · Hong Kong · Tokyo · Singapore 26 Editor’s LEttEr 28 MasthEad 30 Contributors 32 on thE CovEr slam dunk Fashion is another way Carmelo Anthony is scoring this season. -
Intelligent Design Creationism and the Constitution
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Washington University St. Louis: Open Scholarship Washington University Law Review Volume 83 Issue 1 2005 Is It Science Yet?: Intelligent Design Creationism and the Constitution Matthew J. Brauer Princeton University Barbara Forrest Southeastern Louisiana University Steven G. Gey Florida State University Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Education Law Commons, First Amendment Commons, Religion Law Commons, and the Science and Technology Law Commons Recommended Citation Matthew J. Brauer, Barbara Forrest, and Steven G. Gey, Is It Science Yet?: Intelligent Design Creationism and the Constitution, 83 WASH. U. L. Q. 1 (2005). Available at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview/vol83/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Washington University Law Quarterly VOLUME 83 NUMBER 1 2005 IS IT SCIENCE YET?: INTELLIGENT DESIGN CREATIONISM AND THE CONSTITUTION MATTHEW J. BRAUER BARBARA FORREST STEVEN G. GEY* TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................. -
Matthew O. Jackson
Matthew O. Jackson Department of Economics Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6072 (650) 723-3544, fax: 725-5702, [email protected] http://www.stanford.edu/ jacksonm/ ⇠ Personal: Born 1962. Married to Sara Jackson. Daughters: Emilie and Lisa. Education: Ph.D. in Economics from the Graduate School of Business, Stanford Uni- versity, 1988. Bachelor of Arts in Economics, Summa Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa, Princeton University, 1984. Full-Time Appointments: 2008-present, William D. Eberle Professor of Economics, Stanford Univer- sity. 2006-2008, Professor of Economics, Stanford University. 2002-2006, Edie and Lew Wasserman Professor of Economics, California Institute of Technology. 1997-2002, Professor of Economics, California Institute of Technology. 1996-1997, IBM Distinguished Professor of Regulatory and Competitive Practices MEDS department (Managerial Economics and Decision Sci- ences), Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern Univer- sity. 1995-1996, Mechthild E. Nemmers Distinguished Professor MEDS, Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern University. 1993-1994 , Professor (MEDS), Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern University. 1991-1993, Associate Professor (MEDS), Kellogg Graduate School of Man- agement, Northwestern University. 1988-1991, Assistant Professor, (MEDS), Kellogg Graduate School of Man- agement, Northwestern University. Honors : Jean-Jacques La↵ont Prize, Toulouse School of Economics 2020. President, Game Theory Society, 2020-2022, Exec VP 2018-2020. Game Theory Society Fellow, elected 2017. John von Neumann Award, Rajk L´aszl´oCollege, 2015. Member of the National Academy of Sciences, elected 2015. Honorary Doctorate (Doctorat Honoris Causa), Aix-Marseille Universit´e, 2013. Dean’s Award for Distinguished Teaching in Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, 2013. Distinguished Teaching Award: Stanford Department of Economics, 2012. -
The Design Argument
The design argument The different versions of the cosmological argument we discussed over the last few weeks were arguments for the existence of God based on extremely abstract and general features of the universe, such as the fact that some things come into existence, and that there are some contingent things. The argument we’ll be discussing today is not like this. The basic idea of the argument is that if we pay close attention to the details of the universe in which we live, we’ll be able to see that that universe must have been created by an intelligent designer. This design argument, or, as its sometimes called, the teleological argument, has probably been the most influential argument for the existence of God throughout most of history. You will by now not be surprised that a version of the teleological argument can be found in the writings of Thomas Aquinas. You will by now not be surprised that a version of the teleological argument can be found in the writings of Thomas Aquinas. Aquinas is noting that things we observe in nature, like plants and animals, typically act in ways which are advantageous to themselves. Think, for example, of the way that many plants grow in the direction of light. Clearly, as Aquinas says, plants don’t do this because they know where the light is; as he says, they “lack knowledge.” But then how do they manage this? What does explain the fact that plants grow in the direction of light, if not knowledge? Aquinas’ answer to this question is that they must be “directed to their end” -- i.e., designed to be such as to grow toward the light -- by God. -
Partisan Gerrymandering and the Construction of American Democracy
0/-*/&4637&: *ODPMMBCPSBUJPOXJUI6OHMVFJU XFIBWFTFUVQBTVSWFZ POMZUFORVFTUJPOT UP MFBSONPSFBCPVUIPXPQFOBDDFTTFCPPLTBSFEJTDPWFSFEBOEVTFE 8FSFBMMZWBMVFZPVSQBSUJDJQBUJPOQMFBTFUBLFQBSU $-*$,)&3& "OFMFDUSPOJDWFSTJPOPGUIJTCPPLJTGSFFMZBWBJMBCMF UIBOLTUP UIFTVQQPSUPGMJCSBSJFTXPSLJOHXJUI,OPXMFEHF6OMBUDIFE ,6JTBDPMMBCPSBUJWFJOJUJBUJWFEFTJHOFEUPNBLFIJHIRVBMJUZ CPPLT0QFO"DDFTTGPSUIFQVCMJDHPPE Partisan Gerrymandering and the Construction of American Democracy In Partisan Gerrymandering and the Construction of American Democracy, Erik J. Engstrom offers an important, historically grounded perspective on the stakes of congressional redistricting by evaluating the impact of gerrymandering on elections and on party control of the U.S. national government from 1789 through the reapportionment revolution of the 1960s. In this era before the courts supervised redistricting, state parties enjoyed wide discretion with regard to the timing and structure of their districting choices. Although Congress occasionally added language to federal- apportionment acts requiring equally populous districts, there is little evidence this legislation was enforced. Essentially, states could redistrict largely whenever and however they wanted, and so, not surpris- ingly, political considerations dominated the process. Engstrom employs the abundant cross- sectional and temporal varia- tion in redistricting plans and their electoral results from all the states— throughout U.S. history— in order to investigate the causes and con- sequences of partisan redistricting. His analysis -
Intelligent Design the Relationship of Economic Theory to Experiments
Intelligent Design The Relationship of Economic Theory to Experiments: Treatment driven Experiments Muriel Niederle Stanford University and NBER August 13, 2010 When I interact with colleagues and friends who are venturing into experimental economics, either as they prepare for their own experiment, or aim for a critical view of experiments run by others, I often hear the question: “What is a good experiment?” My first reaction is to answer my empirically minded colleagues “Well, let me ask you: What is a good regression?” Clearly a good experiment (or regression) is one that allows testing for the main effect while controlling for other plausible alternatives. This helps ensure that the original hypothesis is reached for the right reasons and the initial theory is not wrongly confirmed. However, there is an aspect of experimental design that is probably closer connected to theory than empirical work: As designers, we are responsible for the environment in which the data are generated. As such a good experimental design also needs to fulfill requirements one may impose on good theory papers: The environment should be such that it is easy to see what drives the result, and as simple as possible to make the point. The design has to provide a good environment for studying the questions at hand. Furthermore, ideally, the design (just like good theory) should be such that it seems plausible that the results could serve as prediction for behavior in other environments. The design of experiments has some interplay with empirical methods as a good experimental design foreshadows how the data to be generated can be analyzed. -
Intelligent Design Enables Architectural Evolution
Intelligent Design Enables Architectural Evolution Ali Ghodsi Teemu Koponen Barath Raghavan KTH / UC Berkeley Nicira Networks ICSI Scott Shenker Ankit Singla James Wilcox ICSI / UC Berkeley UIUC Williams College ABSTRACT enables the research community to investigate how to address What does it take for an Internet architecture to be evolvable? these problems architecturally, even if the changes themselves Despite our ongoing frustration with today’s rigid IP-based cannot be incrementally deployed. architecture and the research community’s extensive research These clean slate efforts have increased our intellectual on clean-slate designs, it remains unclear how to best design understanding of Internet architecture — particularly in for architectural evolvability. We argue here that evolvability the areas of security, reliability, route selection, and mo- is far from mysterious. In fact, we claim that only a few bility/multihoming — and there are now many clean-slate “intelligent” design changes are needed to support evolvability. proposals that offer significantly better functionality than While these changes are definitely nonincremental (i.e., our current Internet. However, in recent years these clean cannot be deployed in an incremental fashion starting with slate efforts moved beyond adding functionality and have today’s architecture), they follow directly from the well- begun addressing the reason we had to turn to clean slate known engineering principles of indirection, modularity, and design in the first place: architectural rigidity. That is, the extensibility. research community is now devoting significant attention to the design of architectures that can support architectural Categories and Subject Descriptors evolution, so that future architectural changes could be made incrementally rather than through a series of clean-slate C.2.1 [Computer-Communication Networks]: Network designs. -
Devious Distortions- Durston Or Myers
Devious Distortions: Durston or Myers? or Estimating the Probability of Functional Biological Proteins Kirk Durston, Ph.D. Biophysics A few days after his 2009 debate with me on the existence of God, well-known atheist, PZ Myers, posted a blog with the title, ‘Durston’s Devious Distortions’, in which he attempted to address my claim that amino acid sequences coding for biological protein families have an astonishingly low probability … so low that they definitively falsify the hypothesis that biological proteins could have been assembled via an evolutionary process. For his resource material, Myers referred to an online video of a lecture I gave at the University of Edinburgh about a year earlier. That video was for a general, interdisciplinary audience and did not actually discuss how the probabilities of biological proteins are calculated. Given this absence of information, Myers made some assumptions as to how I calculate protein probabilities. It appears that he did not check his own numbers by plugging them back into the relevant equation to see if they gave the results I had obtained. Those who tried to use Myers’ numbers found that they were incorrect, not yielding anything close to the results for SecY or RecA that I had published in the literature and shown in the video. Unfortunately, some atheists who follow Myers, unquestioningly accepted his explanation without checking his numbers, thus spreading Myers’ confusion. In reality, the probabilities of biological proteins were calculated using a two-step procedure. The first step was to calculate the functional complexity required to code for a particular protein using a method I had published in 2007.[1] That paper was referenced in the video in a slide titled, ‘Case 3: Average protein’ so that inquiring minds could obtain further details. -
A Multi-Agent Intelligent Design System Integrating Manufacturing and Shop-Floor Control
From: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multiagent Systems. Copyright © 1995, AAAI (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. A Multi-AgentIntelligent Design System Integrating ManufacturingAnd Shop-Floor Control SivaramBsll ubramanianand Douglas H. Norrie Division of ManufaclnringEngineering Depamnentof MechanicalEngineering University of Calgely Calgary, AB, C.=nadn T2NIN4 Abm’aet Jacksonet al. 1993], serviceability [’Makinnet ul. 1989], and reo/d~ility [Markino et al. 1994] early into the A multi-agnnt architectnre has been developedfor the design phase. These aspects of the product are integration of design, riming, and shop floor considered conjointly with the design functions. This control activities. This is based on cooperating approach can reduce the number of redesigns, thus intellismt entities in the sub-domain~which make shorteningproduct developmentlead times. In addition, decisions through negotiation, using domain-specific better products with moretml~nced overall performance knowledgeboth distributed amongthe entities and be produced, because of early consideration of all ao~ssible to them. Using this archRecmral relevant aspects of the product.life cycle. framework, an Agent Based Coty~’rent Design Achieving good manufactarab~ty and minimum Environmentsystem has been developed for featare- productioncost is often consideredto be the mostcritical based design, manufacturability evaluation, and factors when implementing concurrent engineering dypnmlc process planning. This is a multi-agent design. This brings the downstreamconcerns up front prototype system involving the following types of and helps avoid costly redesign iterations at the agent: design agent; geometric interface agent; manufacturing stage. Using Design for feature agent; part agem;machine agent; tool agent; ManufLetumbilitytools, a designer can significantly environment manager; and shop floor manager.