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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text direcUy from the original or copy submilted. Thus, sorne thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quallty of this reproduction is dependent upon the quallty of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. ln the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Aise, if unauthorized copyright matarial had ta be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings. charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from 18ft ta right in equal sections with small overtaps. 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ProQuest Information and leaming 300 North Zeeb Raad, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 USA 800-521.Q600 • Department ofGeography, McGill University Montreal, Quebec Inuit Place Names and Land-use History on the Harvaqtuuq [Kazan River], Nunavut Territory A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction ofthe requirement for the degree of Master ofAns in Geography by Darren Keith lanuary,2000 Copyright by Darren Keith 2000 National Ubrary Bibliothèque nationale 1+1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie 5eNiC8S services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Welington OttawaON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 canada Canada The author bas granted a non­ L'autem a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant àla National Library ofCanada ta Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distnbute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies ofthis thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la fonne de microfiche/~ de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership ofthe L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts from it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son pemusslon. autorisation. 0-612-64162-7 Canadi ABSTRAcr Inuit Place Names and Land·use History on the HarvaqlUUq [Kazan River], • Nunavut Territory Darren Keith This thesis classifies Inuit place names and analyses their meanings to reveal Harvaqtuurmiut land-use history on the Harvaqtuuq [Kazan River], Nunawt Territory.. The author collected previously unrecorded toponyms from the territory ofthis Caribou Inuit society, the Harvaqruuq [Kazan Riverl, and corroborated the data ofearlier researchers.. The Harvaqtuuq landscape was organized from foci ofsubsistence activities by application oflnuktitut geographical terminology and concepts .. These foci moved over time and betray changing land-use patterns. The Harvaqtuuq was a frontier for Inuit. due to the need to depend on caribou.. and due to the conflict engendered by overlapping Oene occupation. The presence ofanthroponyms, and the paucity ofpan­ Inuit myths in the landscape allow for the speculative interpretation that the names support current theories ofa recent arrivai ofInuit to the HarvaqlUUq. u RESUMÉ Les Noms d'Endroits Inuit et l'Histoire d'Utilisation sur la Harvaqtuuq [Rivière Kazan], • Territoire du Nunawt Darren Keith Cette thèse classifie les noms d~ endroits Inuit et analyse leurs significations pour réveller l'histoire d'utilisation de la terre Harvaqtuurmiut sur la Harvaqtuuq [Rivière Kazan], Territoire du Nunavut. L"auteur a collectionné des toponymes auparavant non reconnus des territoires de la societé des [nuits du Caribo~ la Harvaqtuuq [Rivière Kazan], eta corroboré ces données aux recherches antécèdentes. Le paysage Harvaqluuq était organizé en foei d'activitiés de subsistence par l'application de termes et concepts géographiques Inuktitut. Ces foci ont migré avec le temps et démontrent les changements d~utilisation de la terre. La Harvaqtuuq était une frontière pour les Inuits était dépendant du caribou. et compliqué par l'occupation Dene. La présence d'anthroponymes, et la rareté des mythes pan-Inuit dans ce territoire permettent l'interprétation spéculative des noms d'endroits supportant la théorie courante que l~arrivée des Inuits est récente dans la Harvaqtuuq. • üi TABLE OF CONTENTS • Abstract Ü Resume' .............................. .. .. .. ..................... .. iii Table ofContents ................................................ .. IV List ofFigures ....... .. ........................................... .. vi List ofTables vii Acknowledgments ............................................... .. viii Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................... .. 1 1.1 Sources and Methodology ........... .. ......... .. ........... .. 4 1.1.1 Field Methodology 4 1.1.2 Translations .................................... .. 6 1.1.3 Analytical Methods 6 1.2 Contribution to [nuit Place Name Studies ...................... 7 1.2.1 Early Contributors ............ .. ... .. .............. .. 8 1.2.2 Recent Scholarly Contributors 'O. 9 1.2.3 Contribution to Toponymic Research . .. ...... .. .. ..... .. 10 Chapter 2: Harvaqtuurmiut History, Culture and Seasons. Round. .. .... .. Il 2.1 Origins and History ........................... .. .......... .. Il 2.2 Seasonal Round ........... .. .. .. .. ................. .. .... .. .. .. 14 2.3 Social Organization ........... .. ...... .. .. .. .. ....... .. .. .. ... .. 23 2.4 Spiritual Beliefs 'O. 24 IV Cbapter 3: A Typology ofPlace Name Meaning 27 3.1 GeographicaULiteral-Descriptive Place Names 28 • 3.2 Mythological Place Names "". " " " "31 3.3 Historical Place Names 32 3.4 Spiritual Place Names " " ". 34 3.5 Resource Place Names "" " " """.. " 35 3.6 Metaphorical Place Names 36 3.7 Human Occupatîonal Place Names 37 3.8 Discussion. "" """. " 37 Cbapter 4: Analysis " .. """ " 39 4.1 Application ofTypology 40 4.2 Analysis ofMeanings ........ .. ............................ .. 44 4.2.1 Type A • GeographicaULiteral Descriptive Place Names . ".. 44 4.2.2 Type B .. Mythological Place Names " 56 4.2.3 Type C .. Historical Place Names ". " ". " ". " 57 4.2.4 Type D .. Spiritual Place Names """. ". ". ". """ " 60 4.2.5 Type E .. Resource Locative Place Names ". 64 4.2.6 Type F .. Metaphorical Place Names .... """" 71 4.2.7 Type G .. Human Occupational Place Nantes " 72 Chapter S: Discussion and Conclusion ."" " ".. "." 78 Retèrences ".. ". "" ". """ "" " """""""".. 84 Appendix: Spread Sheets ofPlace Name Classification .. "".. """ ,,... 90 • v LIST OF FIGURES • Figure 1: The Study Area . .. ... ..... ...... ..... ... 3 Figure 2: Inuit Societies in the 20th Century . .. .. ... .. .. 12 Figure 3: Study Area With Selected Toponyms . .. ............ 42 Figure 4: Orientation ofQikiqtalugjuaq Area . .. .. 51 Figure 5: Inuktitut Hydrological Features ... ....... ... 52 Figure 6: Generic Lake with Bay Terminology .... ................ .. 54 Figure 7: Cross-sectional view ofriver and adjacent shores showing the features ofa Nalluq . ••. .. ... .. 66 Figure 8: Addition ofResource Place Names at Qikiqtalugjuaq . .. 67 Figure 9: Addition ofHuman Activity Place Names at Qikiqtalugjuaq .. .. 74 • vi LIST OF TABLES • Table 1: Harvaqtuurmiut Seasonai Round. ... .... .. .. .. ...... .. ......... .. .... 15 Table 2: Definitions ofPlace Name Types 41 Table 3: Results ofTypology . .. .. .. ........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... 43 • vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • My supervisor Professor Ludger Müller-Wille, and Professor George Wenzel were very helpful to me in my time as a graduate student, providing invaluable advice in matters of academic and procedural importance. 1am indebted to my friend and research partner Joan Sconie ofBaker Lake, Nunawt who has been patient in her tutelage over the past five years, answering my many inquiries about Inuktitut terminology, and Inuit culture in general. Any accuracy l have achieved in representing Inuit culture in the pages herein is due mainly to our collaboration. [ am grateful to the Harvaqtuurmiut Eiders: David TiktaaIaaq, Peter and Marion Aasivaaryuk. Luke Tunguaq. and Elizabeth Tunnuq with whom 1have worked overthe years. [recognize the investtnent they have made in my understanding their culture and history't and 1can only hope that my field reports and this thesis due justice to their efforts. Field collection ofthe toponyms used in this study was conducted during 1994 and 1997 for Parks Canada as background research for the establishment ofFall Caribou Crossing National Historic Site. A further research season was planned for the summer of1998 and supported by the Northern Students Training Program and the Department of Geograpby, McGill University. This field trip was shortened due to a sudden death in the family which necessitated my early departure from Qaman 'tuaq [Baker Lake]. [ want to thank. my friend and colleague Dr. Andrew Stewart for ms constant support and encouragement during the writing ofthis thesis,
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