DOCSLIB.ORG

The Noice Collection of Copper Inuit Material Culture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

572.05 FA N.S. no. 22-27 199^-96 Anthropology " SERIES, NO. 22 The Noice Collection of Copper Inuit Material Culture James VV. VanStone ibruary 28, 1994 iblication 1455 • i ^l^BT TSHED BY FIELD W '^1^^ - '^ ^ ^^ ^-' '^^' '^^ "^ tt^^tor v if-li/:';^iMUiiiT;^iS.;0.!ifiiliti«)l^i?iM8iiiiiI^^ Information for Contributors to Field iana led as space permits. - ., or fractioi, i.-^i.^;;. — f, i jirinied page ia,..,v.u ; expedited processing, which reduces the publication time. Contributio; i " ' ' "ill be considc^' ^tblication regardless of ability to pay page charges, i ited authoi: itcd manuscripts, 'Ilirec complete copies of the to ' dvc .(iiu c ; abmitted (one original copy plus two review copi nachine-cc t publication or submitted to reviewers before ' ; ind.s {){ the Micntilic • , i;kl be submitted to Sr : ield Museum of Natur.' >u6U5-2496, US." Text: Manti,..- . ....j.. _,.,.;. ..s. ..;„,_„:- v, ..^ ..,....;._ .,..g,ht, Wi- by 11-inch ^.^j^. on all sides. four If typed on an IBM-compatible computer using MS-DOS, also submit text on N^ni.;\t..,- r^,\..i.,," ••;•- -> ^ '• " - ' WordPerfect 4.1, 4.2, or 5 (' ^, \i/--^. J>r\ ^-.-m.nn. V^-r-r-'c'-- WordStar programs or ASc I. - over ' 100 auinurs arc lo i > nipcrs maiui>>Lripi pci^cs, rccjucsicd suomu a ante ot Contents, a l i-; >i ! of Tables" immediately following title page. In most cases, the text should be preceded by an 'Ai ! Lonclude with "Acknowledgments" (if any) and "Literature Cited." Ml measurements should be in the metric system (periods are not used after abbreviated measu md style of headings should follow that of recent issues of Fieldiana. For more detailed style information, see The Chicago Mar.ua! of Style (13th ed.), pubiisl'Ld Chicago Press, and also recent issues ol Fieldiana. In References: "Literature Cited," book and journal mscs snouiu pc given m tuli. Where aDiireviaiions a, .n citation of synonymies), authors consistently should follow Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianutn and TL-2 ucrature F. A. Stafleu & R. S. Cowan et or Serial Sources the Biosis I by (1976 seq.) (botanical papers) for Data ) ublished by the BioSciences Information Service. Names of botanical authors should follow the "Draft Index Abbreviations, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kcw," 1984 ediii' Rcfcicnccs slioiild be typed in the following form: ' la of Barro Colorado Island. Stanford University Press, S: : : . J. R. and T. D. Lloyd, Pennington. 1963. A comparison of montane and lowland ) ! The forest structure, physiognomy, and floristics. Journal of Eicology, 51: 567-60L E. J. M. Langdon, .1979. Yage among the Siona: Cultural patterns in visions, pp. 63-80. In Browmari. Schwarz. eds., Spirits, Shamans, and Stars. Mouton Publishers, The Hague, Netherlands. '46. ITie historic tribes of Ecuador, pp. 785-821. In Steward, J.- H., ed., Handbook of South American 1 vidians. Vol. 2, The Andean Civili/atinns Riijlrtin 14"^ Bureau of Anv-ncjin F-fhnnlntn Smii:!-,- ,r.; m ' istitution, Washington, D.C ..<.. .V. Ci. 1981. fern ...; Ferns and allies v.ucicinaia. 1 aii li. iuivjK^uiaceae. i leidiana. mnany, n.s., u Illustrations: Illustrations are referred to as "figures" in the text (not as "plates"). Figures must be accoi: ndication of a reference scale, normally bar. Statements in figure captions alone, such as "x 0.8," arc not >ns should be typed double-spaced and consecutively. See recent issues oi Fieldiana for details of si\Ic All illustrations should be marked on the reverse with author's name, figure number(s), and ": as submitted be Mgures should, whenever practicable, ^V2 x 11 inches (22 x 28 cm), and may n^, . ,,, j. X 42 (30 cm). Illustrations should be mounted on boards in the arrangement to be obtained in the printed work I'his al set should be for ' -' ^ „.i suitable transmission to the printer as follows: Pen and ink drawings may be originals (-- r photostats; shaded drawings must be originals, but within the size limitation; and photostats must be high-qua ! wisn !o puoiisn ti^i 1 the Scientific Editor I'ana employs a two-step correction system. 'ITie corresponding author will nc I on ,in>,u which deletions, additions, and changes can be made and queri.-i; desired ( corrections of type must be made on the single set i:, equlrements of ANSl/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). FIELDIANA Anthropology NEW SERIES, NO. 22 The Noice Collection of Copper Inuit Material Culture James W. VanStone Curator Emeritus Departmer^t ofAnthropology Field Museum of Natural History Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 Accepted September 28, 1993 Published February 28, 1994 Publication 1455 PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 1994 Field Museum of Natural History / / Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 94-70185 ISSN 0071-4739 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Table of Contents 7. Bag with harpoon head 31 8. Leisters and side prong, dog swivel, fish- hooks, ice pick 32 9. Abstract 1 Fishing rod and lurehook, fishhooks, leis- ter seal I. Introduction 1 prongs, indicator 33 10. Woman's skin skin Copper Inuit Territory and Environ- knife, scrapers, stretcher ment 1 34 Subsistence 1 1 1 . Sewing outfits, marrow extractors, skin Settlement Patterns 3 scraper, needle case, grooving tools, thim- ble History of Contact 3 35 1 2. Crooked drill Previous Ethnographic Research 4 knife, saws, mouthpiece, file, Harold Noice and the Canadian Arctic adze head and blade 36 1 3. Men's drill Expedition 5 knives, grooving tools, shanks, Harold Noice's Ethnographic Col- drill bow 37 lections 6 14. Pick, adze, tool bags 38 15. or II. The Collection 7 Bags, lamp, dippers drinking ladles, Subsistence 8 snow knives 39 Land Hunting 8 16. Bags, blubber pounder 40 Sea Hunting 10 1 7. Man's outer parka 41 18. Man's outer 42 Fishing 11 parka Tools 12 1 9. Man's outer parka 43 Women's Tools 12 20. Man's outer parka 44 Men's Tools 14 2 1 . Man's outer parka 45 Household Equipment 15 22. Man's outer parka 46 Clothing 16 23. Man's outer (inner?) parka 47 Men's Clothing 17 24. Man's outer (inner?) parka 48 Women's Clothing 19 25. Man's overcoat 49 Miscellaneous 20 26. Man's outer trousers 50 Raw Materials 21 27. Man's outer trousers 51 III. Conclusions 21 28. Man's outer stockings, sock 52 Acknowledgments 24 29. Man's dance stockings 53 Literature Cited 24 30. Man's spring and fall boots 54 Appendix 69 3 1 . Sealskin boots 55 32. Mittens 56 33. Mittens 57 List of Illustrations 34. Woman's outer (inner?) parka 58 35. Woman's outer (inner?) parka 59 36. Woman's outer parka 60 1 . Map of Copper Inuit territory 2 37. Woman's outer parka 61 2. Bows and arrows 26 38. Woman's outer parka 62 3. Arrowheads, sinew twisters, thumb guard, 39. Woman's outer parka 63 marlin spike, bow case handle 27 40. Woman's outer parka 64 4. Bow case 28 4 1 . Woman's outer parka 65 5. Handle for carrying blood bag, bolas, lance 42. Woman's outer trousers 66 blade, arrow shaft straightener, marlin 43. Woman's inner (?) stockings 67 spikes, bone pins, drinking tube 29 44. Sled toggle and bag, comb, dolls, pendant, 6. Breathing hole scoops, seal hooks and bag, game, musk ox horn 68 harpoon heads 30 m The Noice Collection of Copper Inuit Material Culture James W. VanStone Abstract The collections of the Field Museum of Natural History contain 234 ethnographic objects collected among the Copper Inuit of the Northwest Territories, Canada, in 1919-1921 by Harold Noice. The artifacts in this collection are described and illustrated. For comparative purposes, information is included from previous studies of Copper Inuit material culture, notably those of Stefansson (1914), Birket-Smith (1945), and Jenness (1946). I. Introduction western and southern margins and the Copper- mine River. The area as a whole has an arctic climate with in Copper Inuit Territory and Environment mean temperatures February rang- ing from -20°F to -28°F. In July the mean ranges in of the area. The CopF)er Inuit are the westernmost of the the high 40s over most Precipitation is with snow in and winter Central Inuit, a grouping that also includes the light falling spring fall, blizzards the snow to the direc- Netsilik and Iglulik.' The western boundary of the shifting according tion of the wind. A continuous ice sheet covers aboriginal Copper Inuit territory on the mainland of Canada was at Wise Point near the western the straits and gulfs of the Copper Inuit region from late October or November until and entrance to Dolphin and Union Strait (Stefansson, July, lakes have an ice cover even The sun dis- 1913, p. 167). To the northwest their territory in- longer. cluded the southeast coast of Banks Island and to appears for at least two months each winter, while in it set for an As the south the eastern edge of Great Bear Lake as summer does not equal period. well as Contwoyto Lake and Beechey Lake on the might be expected, these yearly environmental had an effect on the Back River (Stefansson, 1914, p. 260; Rasmussen, changes important aboriginal Inuit subsistence 397). 1932, p. 1 19). In the east Perry River in Queen cycle (Damas, 1984, p. Maud Gulfwas the boundary between the territory of the CopF>er Inuit and the Netsilik. The Copper Inuit hunted over much of Victoria Island but, Subsistence according to Damas (1984, p. 397), concentrated their travel and occupation to the area south of The aboriginal Copper Inuit abandoned their Walker Bay to the west and Denmark Bay to the villages of snow houses on the ice in late May and east (fig.
Recommended publications
  • Taltheilei Houses, Lithics, and Mobility

    Taltheilei Houses, Lithics, and Mobility

    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2012-09-06 Taltheilei houses, lithics, and mobility Pickering, Sean Joseph Pickering, S. J. (2012). Taltheilei houses, lithics, and mobility (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/27975 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/177 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Taltheilei Houses, Lithics, and Mobility by Sean J. Pickering A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY CALGARY, ALBERTA SEPTEMBER, 2012 © Sean J. Pickering 2012 Abstract The precontact subsistence-settlement strategy of Taltheilei tradition groups has been interpreted by past researchers as representing a high residential mobility forager system characterized by ephemeral warm season use of the Barrenlands environment, while hunting barrenground caribou. However, the excavation of four semi-subterranean house pits at the Ikirahak site (JjKs-7), in the Southern Kivalliq District of Nunavut, has challenged these assumptions. An analysis of the domestic architecture, as well as the morphological and spatial attributes of the excavated lithic artifacts, has shown that some Taltheilei groups inhabited the Barrenlands environment during the cold season for extended periods of time likely subsisting on stored resources.
  • Climate Change and Food Sovereignty in Nunavut

    Climate Change and Food Sovereignty in Nunavut

    land Article Being on Land and Sea in Troubled Times: Climate Change and Food Sovereignty in Nunavut Bindu Panikkar 1,* and Benjamin Lemmond 2 1 Environmental Studies Program and the Rubenstein School of the Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington, VT 05405, USA 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; blemmond@ufl.edu * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 November 2020; Accepted: 7 December 2020; Published: 10 December 2020 Abstract: Climate change driven food insecurity has emerged as a topic of special concern in the Canadian Arctic. Inuit communities in this region rely heavily on subsistence; however, access to traditional food sources may have been compromised due to climate change. Drawing from a total of 25 interviews among Inuit elders and experienced hunters from Cambridge Bay and Kugluktuk in Nunavut, Canada, this research examines how climate change is impacting food sovereignty and health. Our results show that reports of food insecurity were more pronounced in Kugluktuk than Cambridge Bay. Participants in Kugluktuk consistently noted declining availability of preferred fish and game species (e.g., caribou, Arctic char), a decline in participation of sharing networks, and overall increased difficulty accessing traditional foods. Respondents in both communities presented a consistent picture of climate change compounding existing socio-economic (e.g., poverty, disconnect between elders and youth) and health stressors affecting multiple aspects of food sovereignty. This article presents a situated understanding of how climate change as well as other sociocultural factors are eroding food sovereignty at the community-scale in the Arctic.
  • Ethnobotany of the Kiluhikturmiut Inuinnait of Kugluktuk, Nunavut, Canada

    Ethnobotany of the Kiluhikturmiut Inuinnait of Kugluktuk, Nunavut, Canada

    Research Communicaon Ethnobotany of the Kiluhikturmiut Inuinnait of Kugluktuk, Nunavut, Canada Jonathan Duffy Davis1, Sandra Anne Banack2 Author address: 1Fullerton Arboretum, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, 2Instute for Ethnomedicine, P.O. Box 3464, Jackson, WY 83001 Received: September 24, 2012 Volume: 3:78‐90 Published: December 29, 2012 © 2012 Society of Ethnobiology Abstract: The disparity in floral diversity between tropical and arcc regions is reflected in a paucity of ethnobotanical research among arcc cultures. The Kiluhikturmiut Inuinnait are an Inuit subpopulaon who inhabit the Kikmeot Region of the Territory of Nunavut in Canada’s Arcc. We conducted an ethnobotanical survey in the Inuinnait hamlet of Kugluktuk to document the tradional uses of plants as food, materials, and medicine. Data were gathered through unstructured interviews, parcipant observaon, purposive sampling, and voucher‐specimen collecon of all plants used. Uses were documented for 23 plant species/types contained in 14 families. Nine species/types were eaten, six species/types were used as materials, and 12 species were used for medicine. Villagers shared common knowledge of plants used for food and materials; however, knowledge of medicinal plants was restricted to a single healer. We argue that specialized knowledge such as the use of medicinal plants is important to document especially when the number individuals using this knowledge is dwindling. Abstract: Pitquhiigut piruqhimayut qauyihaivluk qanuq inuit atuqtauvagait atungauyanik niqiuvluk,
  • Self-Determination and the Inuit

    Self-Determination and the Inuit

    Rgzorgve in gradiva Ljubljgna 2000 $I 36/37 273 KLEMEN JELINCIC SELF-DETERMINATION AND THE INUIT INTRODUCTION Since the World War II the principle of self-determination of peoples has gained much in its imp o rt ~lI1ce due to the inclusion in the Charter of the Uni ted Nations and has later on played a determining role in the processes thro ugh which most of the European colonies gained their political independence. Its application, though, was somehow limited by the principle of inviolability of th e territorial integrity of sovereign states and therefore did not include several groups, like the national minorities, e.g. Hungarians in Romania. It certainly did not include the numerous ethnic groups that have been populating the are;)s ter­ ritorially connected to the metropolitan state long before the processes of European colo nizatio n have begun o r befo re the expansio n of the modern state, as it followed the retreat of ccloni;)l rule and that still pursue through several prac­ tices the traditional subsistence activities, upon which their culture and identity is/was based. Many of these groups with very diverse forms of social organiza­ ti o n, have been, despite its problema tics, described in the terms of tribal societies. These groups are collectively known under many name ~ slIch as Native, Aboriginal, Indigenous, First, Tribal o r Original peoples, but also as the Fourth World. Many times the terms are interchangeable and are used as self-designation by several of these peoples (Native in Alaska, Aboriginal in Canada, Tribal in India) or as names of NGO's representing their interests (Committee for Original People's Entitlement in Canada, The Indigenous Peoples Union in the USA), but th e literature as well is prone to use more than one of these terms.
  • Comparison of Traditional and Manufactured Cold Weather Ensembles

    Comparison of Traditional and Manufactured Cold Weather Ensembles

    CLIMATE RESEARCH Vol. 5: 83-90, 1995 Published February 23 Clim. Res. Comparison of traditional and manufactured cold weather ensembles Jill Oakes 'l 2, Heather wilkins3, Rick Riewe 2q4, Doug Kelker Tom Forest 'Department of Native Studies, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Canada R3T 2N2 'Canadian Circumpolar Institute, University of Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 256 3Department of Physical Education & Sport Studies, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H9 'Department of Zoology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2 'Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. Canada T6G 2G1 'Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G8 ABSTRACT: lnuit elders stress the importance of wearing caribou shn clothing for winter trips. Although laboratory tests for thermal insulation values of clothing are extensive, caribou skin clothing is rarely tested. The purpose of this research was to compare the thermal comfort of caribou shn cloth- ing, military winter issue clothing, and northern expedition clothing using experimental and ethno- graphic methods. To collect the experimental data, each subject wore the ensembles in an environ- mental chamber designed to simulate travelhng on a sled pulled by a snowmobile in the Arctic winter. Skin temperatures and comfort ratings were analyzed using analysis of variance and multiple regres- sion methods. Ethnographic methods were used to collect 'traditional' knowledge from Inuit elders. Findings indicate that the average skin temperature and comfort ratings dropped significantly less (p < 0.05) when wearing the caribou skin ensemble compared to changes observed when wearing the mil- itary or expedition clothing ensembles.
  • Caribou and Iglulik Inuit Kayaks

    Caribou and Iglulik Inuit Kayaks

    ARCTIC VOL. 47, NO. 2 (JUNE 1994) P. 193-195 Caribou and Iglulik Inuit Kayaks A century ago the Tyrrell brothers descended the Kuu the capsize victim exits his kayak and is towed hanging on (“The River” in Inuktitut, or Thelon River). As they neared around the base of the upturned stern horn of the rescue Qamani’tuaq (“The Big Broad,” or Baker Lake), elegant kayak. The overturned craft is retrieved by righting it and slender kayaks appeared and easily outpaced their voyageur-towing it with the stem horn tucked underarm. one The horns driven canoes. Evidence of kayaks in the form of broken also help secure the cross poles tied on at their bases when willow ribs discarded during bending hadalready been seen forming a catamaran. With the poles spaced well apart, well inland on Avaaliqquq (“Far Off,” orDubawnt River). normal synchronized paddling can be done. A couple of The Tyrrells were in the country of the Caribou Eskimos spoon-shaped red ornaments might be hung from the bow (so labelled by the Danish Fifth Thule Expedition, of horn tip to swing there gaily as kuviahunnihautik (“for the 1921-24), who actually comprised several distinct named joy”). After all, to kayak swiftly is elating - a high point groups. The two northern ones who lived largely inland by in the arctic summer. the later 19th centuryare called Ha’vaqtuurmiut (“Whirlpools The characteristic end horn configuration is useful, too, Aplenty People”) and Qairnirmiut (”BedrockPeople”). Their as an indicatorof possible historical connections. The jogged- kayaks were especially sleek and well made, with striking up stem is foundon prehistoric models carved of thickbark long, thin horns at theends.
  • “We're Made Criminals Just to Eat Off the Land”: Colonial Wildlife

    “We're Made Criminals Just to Eat Off the Land”: Colonial Wildlife

    sustainability Article “We’re Made Criminals Just to Eat off the Land”: Colonial Wildlife Management and Repercussions on Inuit Well-Being Jamie Snook 1,2,* , Ashlee Cunsolo 3 , David Borish 2 , Chris Furgal 4, James D. Ford 5 , Inez Shiwak 1, Charlie T. R. Flowers 1 and Sherilee L. Harper 2,6 1 Torngat Wildlife Plants and Fisheries Secretariat, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL A0P 1E0, Canada; [email protected] (I.S.); charliefl[email protected] (C.T.R.F) 2 Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [email protected] (D.B.); [email protected] (S.L.H.) 3 Labrador Institute, Memorial University, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL A0P 1E0, Canada; [email protected] 4 Indigenous Environmental Studies & Sciences Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada; [email protected] 5 Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; [email protected] 6 School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +1-709-896-6041 Received: 28 August 2020; Accepted: 26 September 2020; Published: 3 October 2020 Abstract: Across Inuit Nunangat, Inuit rely on wildlife for food security, cultural continuity, intergenerational learning, and livelihoods. Caribou has been an essential species for Inuit for millennia, providing food, clothing, significant cultural practices, and knowledge-sharing. Current declines in many caribou populations—often coupled with hunting moratoriums—have significant impacts on Inuit food, culture, livelihoods, and well-being. Following an Inuit-led approach, this study characterized Inuit-caribou relationships; explored Inuit perspectives on how caribou have been managed; and identified opportunities for sustaining the Mealy Mountain Caribou.
  • Wild and Free-Flowing Identifying and Safeguarding Canada’S Wild Rivers Acknowledgements

    Wild and Free-Flowing Identifying and Safeguarding Canada’S Wild Rivers Acknowledgements

    Wild and free-flowing Identifying and safeguarding Canada’s wild rivers Acknowledgements: This study was made possible through technical and research support from Korice Moir, Grace Arabian, Anna Labetski, Juan Zuloaga, Rahul Chandra, and Alex Serki. This work was funded in part by funds raised through WWF-Canada’s River Quest Canoe Challenge. Reproduction of this report in part or full requires written permission from WWF General disclaimer: Information in this report was obtained from highly regarded data sources, references, and individual experts. It is the intent to print accurate and reliable information. However, the authors are not responsible for the validity of all information presented in this report or for the consequences of its use. The views, opinions, or conclusions expressed in this report are those of the communities and do not necessarily reflect those of the WWF-Canada or the authors. Published: November 2017 By: Heather Crochetiere (Specialist, Freshwater) with help from James Snider (Vice President, Science, Research and Innovation), Joyce Arabian (Specialist, GIS & Spatial Analysis), Elizabeth Hendriks (Vice President, Freshwater) and Sarah MacWhirter (Senior Manager, Strategic Communications) at WWF-Canada Cover photo: Paddler on the Thelon River, N.W.T, Canada © JEREMY HARRISON / WWF-Canada WILD AND FREE-FLOWING RIVERS Historically, Canada has been a land of wild, large and free-flowing rivers teeming with abundant fish and other wildlife. These rivers have nourished Indigenous peoples for thousands of years and, over the past 150 years, have provided sustenance and supported a wide array of economic activities for Canadians in communities of all sizes throughout the country.
  • Open Passage Ethno-Archaeology of Skin Boats and Indigeneous

    Open Passage Ethno-Archaeology of Skin Boats and Indigeneous

    University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Thesis: Author (Year of Submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University Faculty or School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Data: Author (Year) Title. URI [dataset] UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Centre for Maritime Archaeology OPEN PASSAGE: ETHNO-ARCHAEOLOGY OF SKIN BOATS AND INDIGENEOUS MARITIME MOBILITY OF NORTH-AMERICAN ARCTIC by Evguenia V. Anichtchenko Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2016 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Archaeology Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy OPEN PASSAGE: ETHNO-ARCHAEOLOGY OF SKIN BOATS AND INDIGENEOUS MARITIME MOBILITY OF NORTH-AMERICAN ARCTIC Evguenia V. Anichtchenko This thesis is an examination of prehistoric maritime mobility in the Arctic regions of North America through the ethno-archaeological analysis of skin boats. Covering over 100,000 km of coastline, the skin boat traditions of the Arctic and Subarctic zones are arguably among the most expansive watercraft technologies in the world, dating back at least 10,000 years.
  • Arctic Marine Resource Governance and Development Springer Polar Sciences

    Arctic Marine Resource Governance and Development Springer Polar Sciences

    Springer Polar Sciences Niels Vestergaard Brooks A. Kaiser Linda Fernandez Joan Nymand Larsen Editors Arctic Marine Resource Governance and Development Springer Polar Sciences Series editor James Ford, Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Springer Polar Sciences Springer Polar Sciences is an interdisciplinary book series that is dedicated to research on the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions and Antarctic. The series aims to present a broad platform that will include both the sciences and humanities and to facilitate exchange of knowledge between the various polar science communities. Topics and perspectives will be broad and will include but not be limited to climate change impacts, environmental change, polar ecology, governance, health, economics, indigenous populations, tourism and resource extraction activities. Books published in the series will have ready appeal to scientists, students and policy makers. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15180 Niels Vestergaard • Brooks A. Kaiser Linda Fernandez • Joan Nymand Larsen Editors Arctic Marine Resource Governance and Development 123 Editors Niels Vestergaard Brooks A. Kaiser Department of Sociology, Environmental Department of Sociology, Environmental and Business Economics and Business Economics University of Southern Denmark University of Southern Denmark Esbjerg, Denmark Esbjerg, Denmark Linda Fernandez Joan Nymand Larsen Department of Economics Stefansson Arctic Institute Center for Environmental Studies University of Akureyri Virginia Commonwealth University Akureyri, Iceland Richmond, VA, USA ISSN 2510-0475 ISSN 2510-0483 (electronic) Springer Polar Sciences ISBN 978-3-319-67364-6 ISBN 978-3-319-67365-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67365-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017959929 © Springer International Publishing AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright.
  • NTI IIBA for Conservation Areas Cultural Heritage and Interpretative

    NTI IIBA for Conservation Areas Cultural Heritage and Interpretative

    NTI IIBA for Phase I: Cultural Heritage Resources Conservation Areas Report Cultural Heritage Area: McConnell River and Interpretative Migratory Bird Sanctuary Materials Study Prepared for Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. 1 May 2011 This Cultural Heritage Report: McConnell River Migratory Bird Sanctuary (Arviat) is part of a set of studies and a database produced for Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. as part of the project: NTI IIBA for Conservation Areas, Cultural Resources Inventory and Interpretative Materials Study Inquiries concerning this project and the report should be addressed to: David Kunuk Director of Implementation Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. 3rd Floor, Igluvut Bldg. P.O. Box 638 Iqaluit, Nunavut X0A 0H0 E: [email protected] T: (867) 975‐4900 Project Manager, Consulting Team: Julie Harris Contentworks Inc. 137 Second Avenue, Suite 1 Ottawa, ON K1S 2H4 Tel: (613) 730‐4059 Email: [email protected] Cultural Heritage Report: McConnell River Migratory Bird Sanctuary (Arviat) Authors: Philip Goldring, Consultant: Historian and Heritage/Place Names Specialist (primary author) Julie Harris, Contentworks Inc.: Heritage Specialist and Historian Nicole Brandon, Consultant: Archaeologist Luke Suluk, Consultant: Inuit Cultural Specialist/Archaeologist Frances Okatsiak, Consultant: Collections Researcher Note on Place Names: The current official names of places are used here except in direct quotations from historical documents. Throughout the document Arviat refers to the settlement established in the 1950s and previously known as Eskimo Point. Names of
  • Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Robert Bartlett, and the Karluk Disaster: a Reassessment

    Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Robert Bartlett, and the Karluk Disaster: a Reassessment

    The Journal of the Hakluyt Society January 2017 (revised April 2018) Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Robert Bartlett, and the Karluk Disaster: A Reassessment by Janice Cavell* Introduction The sinking of the Canadian Arctic Expedition (CAE) ship Karluk near Wrangel Island, Siberia, in January 1914 has long been the subject of controversy. The ship’s commander, Robert Bartlett, was initially hailed as a hero for his journey over the ice from Wrangel Island to the mainland. Bartlett was able to bring help that saved most of the crew, but eight men had been lost on the way from the wreck site to the island, and three more died before the rescuers arrived. The expedition leader, Vilhjalmur Stefansson, did not share the prevailing favourable view. Instead, he severely criticized Bartlett in several private letters. After the CAE ended in 1918, Stefansson insinuated in his publications that Bartlett was to blame for the tragedy, while continuing to discuss Bartlett’s alleged responsibility in private. Decades later the CAE’s meteorologist, William Laird McKinlay, responded to these insinuations in his book Karluk: A Great Untold Story of Arctic Exploration (1976). In McKinlay’s view, Stefansson alone was responsible. Historians have been divided on the subject; Stefansson’s biographer William R. Hunt was the most negative about Bartlett, while more recently Jennifer Niven has written scathingly about Stefansson while extolling Bartlett as a great Arctic hero. Much of the difficulty in evaluating this episode stems from the very complicated circumstances leading up to the Karluk’s unplanned drift from the north coast of Alaska to Siberia, and from the almost equally complicated circumstances that prevented Bartlett from responding publicly to Stefansson’s innuendoes.