The Inuit Way
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Native Land Claims and the Future of Archaeology in the Northwest Territories, Canada Thomas D
17 Native Land Claims and the Future of Archaeology in the Northwest Territories, Canada Thomas D. Andrews Charles D. Arnnold Elisa J. Hart Margaret M. Bertulli The settlement of comprehensive land claims is ushering in major changes in the manage ment of land and resources in the Northwest Territories, including heritage resources. This chap ter summarizes the progress that has been made in completing land claims, anticipates the impact that the claims will have on the way archaeological research is conducted, and discusses how the Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) is responding to these changes. Suggestions for dealing with the current social and political setting in the design and implementation of archaeological projects are also presented. OUTLINE OF NATIVE LAND CLAIMS IN THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES In the early 1970s, the Government of Canada established a comprehensive claims policy to guide negotiations with Native groups in settling Aboriginal interests in lands that they tradition ally occupied. Although the Northwest Territories has its own legislative assembly and its own bureaucracy to administer most of the business of government, the Government of Canada has the sole responsibility for settling Aboriginal land claims in the Northwest Territories. The Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Territories are the Inuit, the Dene, the Cree, and the Metis. The Inuit include the Inuvialuit of the Beaufort Sea and Amundson Gulf areas of the west ern Arctic, who, in 1984, were the first Aboriginal group in the Northwest Territories to settle a land claim with the Government of Canada (see Figure 1). In May, 1993, the Inuit of the eastern Arctic, an area commonly referred to as “Nunavut” signed a final agreement on a land claim. -
Wearing Our Identity – the First People's Collection
Wearing our Identity – The First People’s Collection Texts of the exhibition Table of content Introduction 2. Fashioning identity 2. 1 – Wearing who I am 3. 1.1 – Wearing where I come from 3. 1.2 – Wearing life’s passages 3. 1.3 – Wearing my family 6. 1.4 – Wearing my rank 7. 2 – Wearing our culture 10. 2.1 – Wearing our traditions 10. 2.2 – Wearing our legends 15. 2.3 – Wearing our present 16. 3 – Wearing our history 17. 3.1 – Wearing our honour 18. 3.2 – Wearing our struggles 20. 3.3 – Wearing our resilience 21. 4 – Wearing our beliefs 23. 4.1 – Wearing our universe 23. 4.2 – Wearing animal power 24. 4.3 – Wearing spiritual respect 25. 2 Wearing our Identity – The First People’s Collection © McCord Museum, 2013 0 – Introduction Wearing Our Identity The First Peoples Collection Questions of identity lie at the heart of many debates in today’s rapidly changing world. Languages and traditions are threatened with extinction. When this happens, unique knowledge, beliefs and histories are wiped out. First Peoples understand well the challenges and tensions that can erode a sense of self and belonging. Yet, they have shown remarkable resilience in both preserving ancient identities and forging new ones. Whether building on the rich textures of the past or fearlessly transforming contemporary fashion, First Nations, Inuit and Métis use clothing to communicate the strength and meaning of their lives. An exploration of First Peoples dress is a compelling and emotional experience – one that must follow interwoven threads of community and spirituality, resistance and accommodation, history and innovation. -
Using Folklore to Explore French Canadian Culture and Geography
Using Folklore to Explore French Canadian Culture and Geography Author Cynthia Shoemaker Grade Level 4 Duration 1-3 class periods National Standards AZ Standards Arizona Social Science Standards GEOGRAPHY ELA GEOGRAPHY Element 2: Places Reading Human-environment and Regions Key Ideas and Details interactions are essential 4. The physical and 4.RL.1Refer to details and examples in a text aspects of human life in all human characteristics when explaining what the text says explicitly societies. of places and when drawing inferences from the text. 4.G2.1 Compare the diverse 5. People create Craft and Structure ways people or groups of people regions to interpret 4.RL.4 Determine the meaning of words, have impacted, modified, or Earth's complexity phrases, and figurative language found in adapted to the environment of the 6. How culture and stories, poetry, myths, and traditional Americas. experience influence literature from different cultures, including Examining human population people's perceptions those that allude to significant characters. and movement helps of places and regions Writing individuals understand past, Element 4: Human Text Types and Purposes present, and future conditions Systems 4.W.2 Write informative/explanatory texts to on Earth’s surface. 9. The characteristics, examine a topic and convey ideas and 4.G3.1 Explain how the location distribution and information clearly. and use of resources affects migration of human a. Introduce a topic clearly and group related human settlement and movement. populations on information in paragraphs and sections; HISTORY Earth’s surface include formatting (e.g., headings), The development of 10. The illustrations, and multimedia when useful to civilizations, societies, characteristics, aiding comprehension. -
2019 Survey of Canadians CANADA: PULLING TOGETHER OR DRIFTING APART? Final Report APRIL 2019
confederation of tomorrow 2019 Survey of Canadians CANADA: PULLING TOGETHER OR DRIFTING APART? Final Report APRIL 2019 INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH ON PUBLIC POLICY This study was conducted by the Environics Institute for Survey Research, in partnership with the following organizations: THE MOWAT CENTRE The Mowat Centre is an independent public policy think-tank located at the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Toronto, and Ontario’s non-partisan, evidence-based voice on public policy. We undertake collaborative applied policy research, propose innovative research-driven recommendations, and engage in public dialogue on Canada’s most important national issues. https://mowatcentre.ca/ THE CANADA WEST FOUNDATION The Canada West Foundation focuses on the policies that shape the West, and by extension, Canada. Through independent, evidence-based research and commentary, the Canada West Foundation provides practical solutions to tough public policy challenges facing the West at home and on the global stage. http://cwf.ca LE CENTRE D’ANALYSE POLITIQUE – CONSTITUTION ET FÉDÉRALISME (CAP-CF) À L’UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL (UQAM) CAP-CF’s mission is to stimulate research on constitutional politics and federalism, and to advance in innovative ways the analysis and understanding of contemporary constitutional issues in Canada and other federations. https://capcf1.wixsite.com/accueil INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH ON PUBLIC POLICY Founded in 1972, the Institute for Research on Public Policy is an independent, national, bilingual, not-for-profit organization. The IRPP seeks to improve public policy in Canada by generating research, providing insight and informing debate on current and emerging policy issues facing Canadians and their governments. -
Inunnguiniq: Caring for Children the Inuit Way
Inuit CHILD & YOUTH HEALTH INUNNGUINIQ: CARING FOR CHILDREN THE INUIT WAY At the heart and soul of Inuit culture are our values, language, and spirit. These made up our identity and enabled us to survive and flourish in the harsh Arctic environment. In the past, we did not put a word to this; it was within us and we knew it instinctively. Then, we were alone in the Arctic but now, in two generations, we have become part of the greater Canadian and world society. We now call the values, language, and spirit of the past Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit. (Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated, 2000) Prepared by Shirley Tagalik, Educational it. Inunnguiniq is literally translated as “the thinking, and behaviour. The specific Consultant, Inukpaujaq Consulting making of a human being.” The cultural process for ensuring this result— expectation is that every child will become inunnguiniq—is a shared responsibility Defining Inunnguiniq able/enabled/capable so that they can be within the group. Inunnguiniq is the Inuit assured of living a good life. A good life is equivalent of “it takes a village to raise a Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (IQ) describes considered one where you have sufficient child.” Inherent in the process are a set of Inuit worldview.1 It is a holistic way of proper attitude and ability to be able to role expectations for those connected with being interconnected in the world and contribute to working for the common a child to nurture, protect, observe, and is based in four big laws or maligait. good—helping others and making create a path in life that is uniquely fitted These include working for the common improvements for those to come. -
Cosmology and Shamanism and Shamanism INTERVIEWING INUIT ELDERS
6507.3 Eng Cover w/spine/bleed 5/1/06 9:23 AM Page 1 INTERVIEWINGCosmology INUIT ELDERS and Shamanism Cosmology and Shamanism INTERVIEWING INUIT ELDERS Mariano and Tulimaaq Aupilaarjuk, Lucassie Nutaraaluk, Rose Iqallijuq, Johanasi Ujarak, Isidore Ijituuq and Michel Kupaaq 4 Edited by Bernard Saladin d’Anglure 6507.5_Fre 5/1/06 9:11 AM Page 239 6507.3 English Vol.4 5/1/06 9:21 AM Page 1 INTERVIEWING INUIT ELDERS Volume 4 Cosmology and Shamanism Mariano and Tulimaaq Aupilaarjuk, Lucassie Nutaraaluk, Rose Iqallijuq, Johanasi Ujarak, Isidore Ijituuq and Michel Kupaaq Edited by Bernard Saladin d’Anglure 6507.3 English Vol.4 5/1/06 9:21 AM Page 2 Interviewing Inuit Elders Volume 4 Cosmology and Shamanism Copyright © 2001 Nunavut Arctic College, Mariano and Tulimaaq Aupilaarjuk, Bernard Saladin d’Anglure and participating students Susan Enuaraq, Aaju Peter, Bernice Kootoo, Nancy Kisa, Julia Saimayuq, Jeannie Shaimayuk, Mathieu Boki, Kim Kangok, Vera Arnatsiaq, Myna Ishulutak, and Johnny Kopak. Photos courtesy Bernard Saladin d’Anglure; Frédéric Laugrand; Alexina Kublu; Mystic Seaport Museum. Louise Ujarak; John MacDonald; Bryan Alexander. Illustrations courtesy Terry Ryan in Blodgett, ed. “North Baffin Drawings,” Art Gallery of Ontario; 1923 photo of Urulu, Fifth Thule Expedition. Cover illustration “Man and Animals” by Lydia Jaypoody. Design and production by Nortext (Iqaluit). All rights reserved. The use of any part of this publication, reproduced, transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or stored in a retrieval system, without written consent of the publisher is an infringement of the copyright law. ISBN 1-896-204-384 Published by the Language and Culture Program of Nunavut Arctic College, Iqaluit, Nunavut with the generous support of the Pairijait Tigummivik Elders Society. -
Aboriginal Census Data in Canada: a Research Note
ABORIGINAL CENSUS DATA IN CANADA: A RESEARCH NOTE James C. Saku Department of Geography Frostburg State University Frostburg, Maryland USA, 21532 Abstract I Resume Aboriginal census data in Canada are characterised by numerous structural and administrative problems. This research note examines the problems associated with Aboriginal census data. In particular, the changes of the ethnic question and its impact on total counts in Canada and the Northwest Territories are explored. The analysis indicates that while the total popula tion counts in the Northwest Territories are similar to projected annual population growth, the counts for Canada vary significantly. Les donnees du recensement des autochtones au Canada se caracterisent par de nombreux problemes administratifs et structuraux. Cette note de recherche se penche sur les problemes en relation avec les informations sur Ie recensement des autochtones. Les changements qui sont surtout etudies concement la question ethnique et son impact sur Ie denombrement de la popUlation totale au Canada et dans les territoires du Nord-Ouest. Bien que Ie denombrement de la population totale dans les territoires du Nord-Ouest soit semblable aux previsions de la croissance annuelle de la population, I'analyse indique que Ie denombrement pour Ie Canada varie beaucoup. The Canadian Journal of Native Studies XIX, 2(1999):365-379. 366 James C. Saku Introduction Within the past four decades, research on Aboriginal Canadians has increased tremendously. While some researchers generate their own data through -
Understanding Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in the Northwest Territories: Chapter 2: Early Treaty-Making in the NWT
Understanding Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in the Northwest Territories: Chapter 2: Early Treaty-making in the NWT he first chapter in this series, Understanding Aboriginal The Royal Proclamation Tand Treaty Rights in the NWT: An Introduction, touched After Great Britain defeated France for control of North briefly on Aboriginal and treaty rights in the NWT. This America, the British understood the importance of chapter looks at the first contact between Aboriginal maintaining peace and good relations with Aboriginal peoples and Europeans. The events relating to this initial peoples. That meant setting out rules about land use contact ultimately shaped early treaty-making in the NWT. and Aboriginal rights. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 Early Contact is the most important statement of British policy towards Aboriginal peoples in North America. The Royal When European explorers set foot in North America Proclamation called for friendly relations with Aboriginal they claimed the land for the European colonial powers peoples and noted that “great frauds and abuses” had they represented. This amounted to European countries occurred in land dealings. The Royal Proclamation also asserting sovereignty over North America. But, in practice, said that only the Crown could legally buy Aboriginal their power was built up over time by settlement, trade, land and any sale had to be made at a “public meeting or warfare, and diplomacy. Diplomacy in these days included assembly of the said Indians to be held for that purpose.” entering into treaties with the indigenous Aboriginal peoples of what would become Canada. Some of the early treaty documents aimed for “peace and friendship” and refer to Aboriginal peoples as “allies” rather than “subjects”, which suggests that these treaties could be interpreted as nation-to-nation agreements. -
The Art of Being an Inuit Woman
The Left Atrium Lifeworks The art of being an Inuit woman ho are the women of the Arctic? What trials do they of Sun and Moon, as shown in a striking print by Luke An- W endure? What joys do they reap? Inuit Woman: Life guhadluq called Sunwoman, cautions against incest. and Legend in Art, at the Beaverbrook Art Gallery in Freder- Darlene Coward Wight, curator of Inuit art at the Win- icton until April 2, offers a glimpse into the female condition nipeg Art Gallery, remarks on the power and strength con- in the North. veyed in these works. Traditionally, she notes, Inuit women The 35 carvings and 28 prints, on loan from the Winnipeg performed “essential roles ... in partnership with the men in Art Gallery’s Twomey Collection, explore the iconography of their families. ... [I]n the modern society of today’s north, female roles in Inuit society. The “life” component of the ex- women are moving into positions of political and social power hibit depicts women engaged in traditional tasks. The imple- on an equal footing with men.” ments of labour — e.g., the ulu, or woman’s knife, and the kudlik, or stone Barbara Sibbald lamp — take on Associate Editor a symbolic force, News and Features as does the wear- ing of the amau- tik, or mother’s parka. The word amautik (from The doctor’s farewell the Inuktitut word for “carry”) I know they came for her refers to the late that night pouch (amaut), in after all the goodbyes, and all the tears which babies are and another comforting doctor’s words. -
Addressing Gendered Violence Against Inuit Women: a Review of Police Policies and Practices in Inuit Nunangat
Addressing Gendered Violence against Inuit Women: A review of police policies and practices in Inuit Nunangat Full Report & Recommendations Pauktuutit Inuit Women Canada and Dr. Elizabeth Comack Department of Sociology and Criminology University of Manitoba January 31, 2020 pauktuutit.ca A REVIEW OF POLICE POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN INUIT NUNANGAT Contents Acknowledgements . .3 The Report in Brief . .4 Gendered Violence against Inuit Women . .10 Basic Demographics . .11 Framing the Issue: Locating Gendered Violence in the Colonial Context . .12 Pre-contact . .13 Early Contact . .14 Life in the Settlements . .16 The Role of the RCMP in the Colonial Encounter . .17 Into the Present . .22 The “Lived Experience” of Colonial Trauma . .24 Contemporary Policing in Inuit Nunangat . .27 RCMP Policies and Protocols . .27 RCMP Detachments . .29 The First Nations Policing Policy . .29 Policing in Nunavik: the Kativik Regional Police Force . .30 Policing Challenges . .32 Methodology . .35 Policing In Inuvialuit . .38 Safety Concerns and Gendered Violence . .38 Police Presence . .40 Community Policing: Set up to fail? . .40 Racism or Cultural Misunderstanding? . .43 Calling the Police for Help . .45 Responding when Domestic Violence Occurs . .46 The “Game within the Game” . .48 What Needs to be Done? . .51 Healing and Resilience . .54 Policing in Nunavut . .57 Police Presence . .58 The Police Response . .59 Racialized Policing . .60 “Don’t Trust the Cops” . .61 Normalizing Gendered Violence . .63 Policing Challenges . .64 High Turnover of Officers . .65 Inuit Officers . .66 The Language Disconnect . .68 The Housing Crisis . .69 What Needs to be Done? . .70 PAUKTUUTIT INUIT WOMEN OF CANADA 1 ADDRESSING GENDERED VIOLENCE AGAINST INUIT WOMEN Policing in Nunatsiavut . -
Taltheilei Houses, Lithics, and Mobility
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2012-09-06 Taltheilei houses, lithics, and mobility Pickering, Sean Joseph Pickering, S. J. (2012). Taltheilei houses, lithics, and mobility (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/27975 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/177 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Taltheilei Houses, Lithics, and Mobility by Sean J. Pickering A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY CALGARY, ALBERTA SEPTEMBER, 2012 © Sean J. Pickering 2012 Abstract The precontact subsistence-settlement strategy of Taltheilei tradition groups has been interpreted by past researchers as representing a high residential mobility forager system characterized by ephemeral warm season use of the Barrenlands environment, while hunting barrenground caribou. However, the excavation of four semi-subterranean house pits at the Ikirahak site (JjKs-7), in the Southern Kivalliq District of Nunavut, has challenged these assumptions. An analysis of the domestic architecture, as well as the morphological and spatial attributes of the excavated lithic artifacts, has shown that some Taltheilei groups inhabited the Barrenlands environment during the cold season for extended periods of time likely subsisting on stored resources. -
First Nations People, Métis and Inuit in Canada: Diverse and Growing Populations
Catalogue no. 89-659-x2018001 ISBN 978-0-660-25446-3 First Nations People, Métis and Inuit in Canada: Diverse and Growing Populations Release date: March 20, 2018 Statistics Statistique Canada Canada How to obtain more information For information about this product or the wide range of services and data available from Statistics Canada, visit our website, www.statcan.gc.ca. You can also contact us by email at [email protected] telephone, from Monday to Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., at the following toll-free numbers: • Statistical Information Service 1-800-263-1136 • National telecommunications device for the hearing impaired 1-800-363-7629 • Fax line 1-514-283-9350 Depository Services Program • Inquiries line 1-800-635-7943 • Fax line 1-800-565-7757 Standards of service to the public Note of appreciation Statistics Canada is committed to serving its clients in a prompt, Canada owes the success of its statistical system to a reliable and courteous manner. To this end, Statistics Canada has long-standing partnership between Statistics Canada, the developed standards of service that its employees observe. To citizens of Canada, its businesses, governments and other obtain a copy of these service standards, please contact Statistics institutions. Accurate and timely statistical information could not Canada toll-free at 1-800-263-1136. The service standards be produced without their continued co-operation and goodwill. are also published on www.statcan.gc.ca under “About us” > “The agency” > “Providing services to Canadians.” Published by authority of the Minister responsible for Statistics Canada © Minister of Industry, 2018 All rights reserved.