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First Nations People, Métis and Inuit in Canada: Diverse and Growing Populations

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First Nations People, Métis and Inuit in Canada: Diverse and Growing Populations Catalogue no. 89-659-x2018001 ISBN 978-0-660-25446-3 First Nations People, Métis and Inuit in Canada: Diverse and Growing Populations Release date: March 20, 2018 Statistics Statistique Canada Canada How to obtain more information For information about this product or the wide range of services and data available from Statistics Canada, visit our website, www.statcan.gc.ca. You can also contact us by email at [email protected] telephone, from Monday to Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., at the following toll-free numbers: • Statistical Information Service 1-800-263-1136 • National telecommunications device for the hearing impaired 1-800-363-7629 • Fax line 1-514-283-9350 Depository Services Program • Inquiries line 1-800-635-7943 • Fax line 1-800-565-7757 Standards of service to the public Note of appreciation Statistics Canada is committed to serving its clients in a prompt, Canada owes the success of its statistical system to a reliable and courteous manner. To this end, Statistics Canada has long-standing partnership between Statistics Canada, the developed standards of service that its employees observe. To citizens of Canada, its businesses, governments and other obtain a copy of these service standards, please contact Statistics institutions. Accurate and timely statistical information could not Canada toll-free at 1-800-263-1136. The service standards be produced without their continued co-operation and goodwill. are also published on www.statcan.gc.ca under “About us” > “The agency” > “Providing services to Canadians.” Published by authority of the Minister responsible for Statistics Canada © Minister of Industry, 2018 All rights reserved. Use of this publication is governed by the Statistics Canada Open Licence Agreement. An HTML version is also available. Cette publication est aussi disponible en français. POPULATION First Nations People, Métis INCREASING PARTICIPATION OF and Inuit in Canada: Diverse FIRST NATIONS COMMUNITIES and Growing Populations First Nations communities recognize the importance of data for community planning and development. Data from the census are an important source of information as it provides a comprehensive First Nations people, Métis and Inuit make up picture of the characteristics of the people in the an increasingly large share of the population community—their age, family characteristics, housing, education, labour and language. In 2016, there were 1,673,785 Indigenous people in The 2016 Census had the highest number of Canada, accounting for 4.9% of the total population. participating reserves, with only 14 reserves This was up from 3.8% in that were not enumerated of a total of 984. This 2006 and 2.8% in 1996. Total Indigenous population in 2016: represents a significant change from 1986, when 1,673,785 136 reserves were incompletely enumerated. (4.9% of Canada’s total population) Non-responding Indian reserves and settlements number 160 136 140 120 The First Nations, Métis and Inuit populations 100 78 77 are growing quickly 80 60 40 30 22 18 Since 2006, the Indigenous population grew by 42.5%, 20 14 which is more than four times faster 0 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2 011 2016 than the rest of the population. Growth (2006 to 2016): Census year The First Nations population— Sources: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 1986 to 2016. including both those who are +42.5% registered or treaty Indians under the Indian Act and those who are not—grew by 39.3% from 2006 to reach 977,230 people in 2016. The Métis population (587,545) had the largest increase of any of the groups over the 10-year span, rising 51.2% BEHIND THE GROWTH from 2006 to 2016. Two main factors have contributed to the growing The Inuit population (65,025) grew by 29.1% from Indigenous population: the first is natural growth, 2006 to 2016. which includes increased life expectancy and relatively high fertility rates; the second factor In the next two decades, the Indigenous population relates to changes in self-reported identification. is likely to exceed 2.5 million persons. Put simply, more people are newly identifying as First Nations, Métis or Inuit on the census— a continuation of a trend over time. First Nations People, Métis and Inuit in Canada: Diverse and Growing Populations 3 POPULATION Population by Indigenous identity as a proportion of the total Canadian population, 2011 and 2036 percent “Aboriginal identity” refers to whether a 7 person identified with the Aboriginal peoples 6 of Canada. This includes those who are First 5 Nations (North American Indian), Métis or 4 3 Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered 2 or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the 1 Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who have 0 membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Indigenous First Nations Métis Inuit people people Is this person an Aboriginal person, that is, 2 011 Projected 2036 First Nations (North American Indian), Métis Source: Statistics Canada. 2015. Projections of the Aboriginal Population or Inuk (Inuit)? and Households in Canada, 2011 to 2036. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 91-552-X. 1: No, not an Aboriginal person. 2: Yes, First Nations (North American Indian). 3: Yes, Métis. The number of young Indigenous people is growing 4: Yes, Inuk (Inuit). From 2006 to 2016, the number of First Nations, Métis and In this document, the term “Indigenous” is used Inuit youth aged 15 to 34 increased by 39%, compared to in place of “Aboriginal”. just over 6% for their non-Indigenous youth. Percent increase in number of youth, aged 15 to 34, by Indigenous identity, 2006 to 2016 percent 45 40 35 30 The Indigenous population is on average, 25 20 nearly a decade younger than the rest of the 15 population in Canada 10 5 0 The Inuit are the youngest of the three groups, with an average age of 27.7 years, followed by First Nations First Nations Métis Inuit Non- Indigenous people (30.6 years) and Métis (34.7 years). Sources: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2006 to 2016. Average age: 32.1 years While the Indigenous population is young, (almost a decade it is also aging younger than the non- Indigenous population) In 2006, 4.8% of the Indigenous population was 65 years of age or older; by 2016, this proportion had risen to 7.3%. Seniors will make up a larger share of the First Nations, Métis and Inuit populations over the coming years. 4 First Nations People, Métis and Inuit in Canada: Diverse and Growing Populations The Aboriginal population in Canada LANGUAGES The Aboriginal population in Canada is young and growing Total population in 2016: Growth (2006 to 2016): Average age: There were more than 70 Indigenous The number of Indigenous people who could 1,673,785 +42.5%languages reported on the32.1 2016 Census years speak an Indigenous language grew by 3.1% (4.9% of Canada’s total (almost a decade younger in the last ten years population) Of these, there were 36 languagesthan thethat non had-A atboriginal least population) 500 speakers. The most widely spoken Indigenous Status First Nations people—particularly those living languages were Cree, Inuktitut and Ojibway. on reserve—were more likely to be able to speak an First Nations Métis Inuit people Indigenous language. Among Inuit, those living in Inuit Nunangat were more likely to be able to speak an Inuit The Indigenous languages most reported in 2016 language than those living outside. Population count 977,230 587,545 65,025 Cree Among all three groups, the number of people languages who could speak an Indigenous language was greater than the number with an Indigenous 10-year % Inuktitut % % growth 39.3 51.2 29.1 mother tongue 2 0 1 6 C E N S U Ojibway This suggests that many people, especially young people, Average age 30.6 Oji-Cree 34.7 27.7 are learning Indigenous languages as second languages. Dene Eight CMAs1 had a Métis The majority of the Inuit Three-quarters of the First Nations population of more than population lived in Inuit Nunangat, 0 20,000 40,000 the60,000 homeland80,000 100,000 population had people... registered 10,000 number ofof people Inuit in Indian % Canada % 24 Vancouver Mother tongue Language spoken at home 73 status Not Calgary registered Edmonton 44% of the % SaskSource:atoon Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2016. First Nations 76 Winnipeg population Registered ...which made up with registered Toronto Indian status Ottawa- one-third (34%) lived on reserve Gatineau of the Métis Montréal population 1. CMA = Census Metropolitan Area Woods Cree Gitxsan (Gitksan) North Slavey (Hare) More than 70 Slavey Montagnais (Innu) Dogrib (Tlicho) Michif were reported on the 2016 Census. Dakota Stoney Malecite NaskapiOji-Cree Okanagan Inuvialuktun Nisga'a Cree Halkomelem Blackfoot South Slavey of those had at least A kamekw Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala) Lillooet Mohawk 500 speakers. Northern East Cree Inuk tut 36 OjibwayAlgonquin Chilco n Plains Cree Mi'kmaq Carrier Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) Dene Inuinnaqtun Swampy Cree Shuswap (Secwepemctsin) Catalogue number: 11-627-M Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population. ISBN: 978-0-660-23534-9 www.statcan.gc.ca/census First Nations People, Métis and Inuit in Canada: Diverse and Growing Populations 5 LIVING ARRANGEMENTS Indigenous children live in a variety of family Proportion living in a dwelling in need settings, such as multigenerational households, of major repairs, Canada, 2016 where parents and grandparents are present About one in six (17.9%) Indigenous children aged First Nations 0 to 4 shared a household with at least one grandparent, compared with 9.5% of non-Indigenous children. Métis Half of children in foster care are Indigenous children Inuit In 2016, there were 4,300 Indigenous children aged Non- 0 to 4 reported as foster children living in private homes.
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