Sovereignty As a Social Issue: the Case of Inuit Nunangat
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Aboriginal Census Data in Canada: a Research Note
ABORIGINAL CENSUS DATA IN CANADA: A RESEARCH NOTE James C. Saku Department of Geography Frostburg State University Frostburg, Maryland USA, 21532 Abstract I Resume Aboriginal census data in Canada are characterised by numerous structural and administrative problems. This research note examines the problems associated with Aboriginal census data. In particular, the changes of the ethnic question and its impact on total counts in Canada and the Northwest Territories are explored. The analysis indicates that while the total popula tion counts in the Northwest Territories are similar to projected annual population growth, the counts for Canada vary significantly. Les donnees du recensement des autochtones au Canada se caracterisent par de nombreux problemes administratifs et structuraux. Cette note de recherche se penche sur les problemes en relation avec les informations sur Ie recensement des autochtones. Les changements qui sont surtout etudies concement la question ethnique et son impact sur Ie denombrement de la popUlation totale au Canada et dans les territoires du Nord-Ouest. Bien que Ie denombrement de la population totale dans les territoires du Nord-Ouest soit semblable aux previsions de la croissance annuelle de la population, I'analyse indique que Ie denombrement pour Ie Canada varie beaucoup. The Canadian Journal of Native Studies XIX, 2(1999):365-379. 366 James C. Saku Introduction Within the past four decades, research on Aboriginal Canadians has increased tremendously. While some researchers generate their own data through -
First Nations People, Métis and Inuit in Canada: Diverse and Growing Populations
Catalogue no. 89-659-x2018001 ISBN 978-0-660-25446-3 First Nations People, Métis and Inuit in Canada: Diverse and Growing Populations Release date: March 20, 2018 Statistics Statistique Canada Canada How to obtain more information For information about this product or the wide range of services and data available from Statistics Canada, visit our website, www.statcan.gc.ca. You can also contact us by email at [email protected] telephone, from Monday to Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., at the following toll-free numbers: • Statistical Information Service 1-800-263-1136 • National telecommunications device for the hearing impaired 1-800-363-7629 • Fax line 1-514-283-9350 Depository Services Program • Inquiries line 1-800-635-7943 • Fax line 1-800-565-7757 Standards of service to the public Note of appreciation Statistics Canada is committed to serving its clients in a prompt, Canada owes the success of its statistical system to a reliable and courteous manner. To this end, Statistics Canada has long-standing partnership between Statistics Canada, the developed standards of service that its employees observe. To citizens of Canada, its businesses, governments and other obtain a copy of these service standards, please contact Statistics institutions. Accurate and timely statistical information could not Canada toll-free at 1-800-263-1136. The service standards be produced without their continued co-operation and goodwill. are also published on www.statcan.gc.ca under “About us” > “The agency” > “Providing services to Canadians.” Published by authority of the Minister responsible for Statistics Canada © Minister of Industry, 2018 All rights reserved. -
Inuit Harvest and Trade of Polar Bear in Canada
CITES & LIVELIHOODS CASE STUDY 2019 Inuit harvest and trade of Polar Bear in Canada SPECIES, USE AND TRADE POLAR BEAR Ursus maritimus Canada is home to approximately provincial and territorial legislation, 16,000 polar bears, around two- through which harvesting is thirds of the global population. regulated and managed. Polar bears are apex predators APPENDIX II and play an important role in the Inuit have legally protected rights ecosystems of Canada’s vast to harvest and use wildlife in Arctic and subarctic regions. Canada, and harvest polar bears for food, cultural, and livelihood VULNERABLE The most significant and long-term purposes. Some of the harvest is threat to polar bears is climate undertaken through Inuit-guided change, although its impacts on sport hunting. Exports of polar populations are uncertain and will bear specimens includes products vary across the species’ range. from both subsistence and sport hunting, and includes hides, skulls, Polar bear population status and rugs, bone parts, taxidermy trends assessment includes both mounts and scientific samples. scientific information and indigenous (Inuit) Knowledge. In Canada, polar Management is coordinated bears are considered a species of locally and regionally, and Special Concern under Canada’s further coordinated at the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA), national and international levels requiring a management plan with the goal of long term (currently under preparation). conservation of the species. They are also protected under LIVELIHOOD BENEFITS Polar bears are culturally, spiritually harvested bears are taken directly by and economically significant for Inuit, for food, clothing, and cultural Canadian Inuit communities, who purposes, and hides may be sold have been harvesting them for internationally or within Canada. -
Transits of the Northwest Passage to End of the 2020 Navigation Season Atlantic Ocean ↔ Arctic Ocean ↔ Pacific Ocean
TRANSITS OF THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE TO END OF THE 2020 NAVIGATION SEASON ATLANTIC OCEAN ↔ ARCTIC OCEAN ↔ PACIFIC OCEAN R. K. Headland and colleagues 7 April 2021 Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1ER. <[email protected]> The earliest traverse of the Northwest Passage was completed in 1853 starting in the Pacific Ocean to reach the Atlantic Oceam, but used sledges over the sea ice of the central part of Parry Channel. Subsequently the following 319 complete maritime transits of the Northwest Passage have been made to the end of the 2020 navigation season, before winter began and the passage froze. These transits proceed to or from the Atlantic Ocean (Labrador Sea) in or out of the eastern approaches to the Canadian Arctic archipelago (Lancaster Sound or Foxe Basin) then the western approaches (McClure Strait or Amundsen Gulf), across the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean, through the Bering Strait, from or to the Bering Sea of the Pacific Ocean. The Arctic Circle is crossed near the beginning and the end of all transits except those to or from the central or northern coast of west Greenland. The routes and directions are indicated. Details of submarine transits are not included because only two have been reported (1960 USS Sea Dragon, Capt. George Peabody Steele, westbound on route 1 and 1962 USS Skate, Capt. Joseph Lawrence Skoog, eastbound on route 1). Seven routes have been used for transits of the Northwest Passage with some minor variations (for example through Pond Inlet and Navy Board Inlet) and two composite courses in summers when ice was minimal (marked ‘cp’). -
Inuit and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement: Supporting Canada's
INUIT AND THE NUNAVUT LAND CLAIMS AGREEMENT: SUPPORTING CANADA’S ARCTIC SOVEREIGNTY Terry Fenge Although the ice-strengthened navy patrol vessels to be deployed from Ikpiarjuk on Baffin Island are an important component of Canada's Arctic sovereignty strategy, there is more than one way to skin a cat, says Terry Fenge, formerly with the Inuit Circumpolar Conference Canada. The federal government should involve the Inuit in Canada's Arctic sovereignty, as supported by provisions in the 1993 Nunavut Land Claims Agreement dealing with monitoring and offshore management, he says. Yet, these have not been implemented, and Ottawa seems to have forfeited the opportunity to use them to shore up sovereignty. “[E]ngaging the region’s Inuit with a view to jointly ensuring that the obligations, duties, and objectives of the Nunavut, Inuvialuit, Nunavik and Nunatsiavut Land Claims Agreement are fulfilled,” he says, is key to the Integrated Northern Strategy, promised in the recent Throne Speech. Parmi les éléments clés de la souveraineté du Canada dans l’Arctique figure le déploiement dans cette région de navires à coque renforcée. Mais il y a plus d’une façon de parvenir à ses fins, estime Terry Fenge, ex-directeur de la recherche du Conseil circumpolaire inuit du Canada. Le gouvernement fédéral devrait ainsi intégrer les Inuits à la défense de notre souveraineté dans l’Arctique, d’autant plus que les dispositions touchant la surveillance et la gestion en mer de l’Accord sur les revendications territoriales du Nunavut de 1993 donnent corps à nos prétentions. Mais ces clauses n’ont toujours pas été mises en application, et Ottawa semble avoir renoncé à les utiliser à des fins d’affirmation de sa souveraineté. -
Canada's Sovereignty Over the Northwest Passage
Michigan Journal of International Law Volume 10 Issue 2 1989 Canada's Sovereignty Over the Northwest Passage Donat Pharand University of Ottawa Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil Part of the International Law Commons, and the Law of the Sea Commons Recommended Citation Donat Pharand, Canada's Sovereignty Over the Northwest Passage, 10 MICH. J. INT'L L. 653 (1989). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol10/iss2/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Journal of International Law at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CANADA'S SOVEREIGNTY OVER THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE Donat Pharand* In 1968, when this writer published "Innocent Passage in the Arc- tic,"' Canada had yet to assert its sovereignty over the Northwest Pas- sage. It has since done so by establishing, in 1985, straight baselines around the whole of its Arctic Archipelago. In August of that year, the U. S. Coast Guard vessel PolarSea made a transit of the North- west Passage on its voyage from Thule, Greenland, to the Chukchi Sea (see Route 1 on Figure 1). Having been notified of the impending transit, Canada informed the United States that it considered all the waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago as historic internal waters and that a request for authorization to transit the Northwest Passage would be necessary. -
Presentation for Madhu's Class
Inuit Health + Circumpolar Health Andrew Bresnahan MD, MSc, MPH, FRCGS November 2019 PPHS 511: McGill University, Dr. Madhu Pai Fundamentals of Global Health • Interactive • history of global health • global health governance • global burden of disease • global health ethics, • global health diplomacy and advocacy. Learning Objectives • Who? ᑭᓇ Terminology, positionality, ethics • Where? ᓇᒥ Considering the spatial + social • When? ᖃᖓ Historic origins of social determinants of health • What? ᓱᓇ Inuit governance + Inuit health • How? ᖃᓄᖅ Decolonizing practice + ᑭᓇ Who? + ᓱᓇ What? • Terminology • Health equity in Inuit Nunangat and Canada • Positionality • Case studies: • Ethics • Infectious disease: Tuberculosis • Non-communicable disease: Diabetes + ᓇᒥ Where? • Mental health: Suicide • Considering the spatial + social + ᖃᓄᖅ How? • Inuit governance (cf. global health ᖃᖓ governance) + When? • Inuit democracy • Arctic migrations, Inuit odyssey • Inuit-Crown relationship • Colonization and decolonization • Ethical practice It's one thing to say, “Hey, we're on the territory of Anishinaabek and the Haudenosaunee.” It's another thing to say, "We're on the territory of the Anishinaabek and the Haudenosaunee and here's what that compels me to do.” Hayden King yellowheadinstitute.org @yellowhead “I want to start by discussing something that I think a lot about. This is a traditional practice that I want to follow, that Inuit elders from across Inuit Nunangat have stressed. You speak about what you have experienced, and you don’t speak about what you have not seen or experienced. And that’s a really challenging thing to follow.” Natan Obed Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami itk.ca ᑭᓇ Who? “How to talk about Indigenous people” Simple Rules: 1. Be as specific as possible. -
NWT/NU Spills Working Agreement
NORTHWEST TERRITORIES–NUNAVUT SPILLS WORKING AGREEMENT Updated October 2014 This page intentionally left blank. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Content Page Cover Front Cover 1 Cover Inside Front Cover 2 Introductory Table of Contents 3 Introductory Record of Amendments 3 1. Introduction/Purpose/Goals 4 2. Parties to the Agreement 5 3. Letter of Agreement 6 - Background 6 - Lead Agency Designation and Contact 6 - Lead Agency Responsibilities 6 - General 7 4. Signatures of Parties to the Agreement 8 5. Glossary of Terms 9 Table 1A Lead Agency Designation for Spills in the NT and NU 10 Table 1B Lead Agency Designation for NT Airport Spills 14 Table 1C Lead Agency Designation for NU Airport Spills 14 Table 1D Territorial Roads and Highways in the NT 15 Table 1E Territorial Roads in NU 15 Table 2 General Guidelines for Assessing Spill Significance and Spill File Closure 16 Table 3 Spill Line Contract and Operation 17 Appendix A Schedule 1 - Reportable Quantities for NT-NU Spills 18 Appendix B Spill Line Report Form 20 Appendix C Instructions for Completing the NT/NU Spill Report Form 21 Appendix D Environmental Emergencies Science Table (Science Table) 22 RECORD OF AMENDMENTS * No. Amendment Description Entered By / Date Approved By / Date 1 GNWT spills response structure changed on April 1. 2014 to reflect the changes of devolution. Departments of Industry Tourism and Investment and Lands were added to the NT/NU SWA 2 Environment Canada nationally restructured their spill response structure in 2012. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 * Starting in 2015, the NT/NU SWA will be reviewed and updated annually during the Fall NT/NU Spills Working Group meeting. -
Caribou (Rangifer Tarandus) and Inuit Nutrition Security in Canada
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by R-libre EcoHealth https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-018-1348-z Ó 2018 EcoHealth Alliance Original Contribution Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and Inuit Nutrition Security in Canada Tiff-Annie Kenny ,1 Myriam Fillion,2 Sarah Simpkin,3 Sonia D. Wesche,4 and Hing Man Chan1 1Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada 2Faculte´ de Me´decine, Universite´ Laval, Que´bec, Canada 3Geographic, Statistical and Government Information Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada 4Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada Abstract: Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) has been fundamental to the diet and culture of Arctic Indigenous Peoples for thousands of years. Although caribou populations observe natural cycles of abundance and scarcity, several caribou herds across the Circumpolar North have experienced dramatic declines in recent decades due to a range of interrelated factors. Broadly, the objectives of this study are to examine food and nutrition security in relation to wildlife population and management status across Inuit Nunangat (the Inuit homeland, consisting of four regions across the Canadian Arctic). Specifically, we: (1) characterize the contribution of caribou to Inuit nutrition across northern Canada and (2) evaluate the population and management status of caribou herds/populations harvested by Inuit. Dietary data were derived from the 2007–2008 Inuit Health Survey, which included dietary information for Inuit adults (n = 2097) residing in thirty-six communities, spanning three regions (the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Nunavut, and Nunatsiavut) of the Canadian North. Published information regarding the range, abundance, status, and management status of caribou herds/ populations was collected through document analysis and was validated through consultation with northern wildlife experts (territorial governments, co-management, and/or Inuit organizations). -
OBSERVATION TD Economics a Snapshot of Educational Attainment in Canada
OBSERVATION TD Economics June 28, 2013 A SNAPSHOT OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT IN CANADA According to the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), Canadian educational attainment continues to increase; a greater proportion is completing high school and going on to complete post-secondary education. The share of Canadians with a college diploma or university degree continues to rise. How- ever, the share with a trades certificate has continued to decline (see chart). There is a great deal of detail on educational attainment in Canada in the NHS, but this observation will focus on some of the trends hidden in the national average, those among particular demographic groups; women, immigrants and Aboriginal peoples. Women - doctors, but not doctorates The 2011 NHS data confirmed the established trend of rising educational attainment among women, and sheds light on where young women have made the greatest strides relative to the first wave of baby- boomer women of their mother’s generation. It should come as little surprise that young women today have higher educational attainment than older women. The results of the NHS also show that the inroads made into post-secondary education by the younger generation are not evenly spread across disciplines. Overall in the working age population (25-64), women accounted for more than half of university degree holders at 53.7%, and that proportion is even higher among the youngest cohort (25-34) at just under 60%. That is up almost 12-percentage points from the older generation. Among university de- grees, young women have made the greatest progress in medicine, holding almost two-thirds of medical degrees (up 34 percentage points from the older cohort) (see chart). -
Arctic Report Card 2018 Effects of Persistent Arctic Warming Continue to Mount
Arctic Report Card 2018 Effects of persistent Arctic warming continue to mount 2018 Headlines 2018 Headlines Video Executive Summary Effects of persistent Arctic warming continue Contacts to mount Vital Signs Surface Air Temperature Continued warming of the Arctic atmosphere Terrestrial Snow Cover and ocean are driving broad change in the Greenland Ice Sheet environmental system in predicted and, also, Sea Ice unexpected ways. New emerging threats Sea Surface Temperature are taking form and highlighting the level of Arctic Ocean Primary uncertainty in the breadth of environmental Productivity change that is to come. Tundra Greenness Other Indicators River Discharge Highlights Lake Ice • Surface air temperatures in the Arctic continued to warm at twice the rate relative to the rest of the globe. Arc- Migratory Tundra Caribou tic air temperatures for the past five years (2014-18) have exceeded all previous records since 1900. and Wild Reindeer • In the terrestrial system, atmospheric warming continued to drive broad, long-term trends in declining Frostbites terrestrial snow cover, melting of theGreenland Ice Sheet and lake ice, increasing summertime Arcticriver discharge, and the expansion and greening of Arctic tundravegetation . Clarity and Clouds • Despite increase of vegetation available for grazing, herd populations of caribou and wild reindeer across the Harmful Algal Blooms in the Arctic tundra have declined by nearly 50% over the last two decades. Arctic • In 2018 Arcticsea ice remained younger, thinner, and covered less area than in the past. The 12 lowest extents in Microplastics in the Marine the satellite record have occurred in the last 12 years. Realms of the Arctic • Pan-Arctic observations suggest a long-term decline in coastal landfast sea ice since measurements began in the Landfast Sea Ice in a 1970s, affecting this important platform for hunting, traveling, and coastal protection for local communities. -
English Pageslowres
CANADIAN POLAR COMMISSION IN THIS ISSUE THE LAW OF THE SEA AND MARINE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH The Law of the Sea and Marine Scientific IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN Research in the Arctic Ocean 1 Ron Macnab, Olav Loken and Arvind Anand FALL/WINTER 2007 Contemporary events and circumstances, ration with other states, and by driving the Global Warming: Arctic Shipping 6 such as melting ice, the International Polar need to define maritime boundaries, these Year, and the UN Convention on the Law of developments touch upon Canada’s interests PEARL – A Canadian Success Story 11 the Sea are providing an unprecedented at the national and international levels. boost to Marine Scientific Research in the Melting ice is facilitating access to ex- The Centre d’études nordiques and central Arctic Ocean. This felicitous situa- panded oceanic regions that historically have the Qaujisarvik Network 15 tion could be short-lived, however, as Arctic remained inaccessible to scientific research coastal states apply the provisions of the on account of their widespread and persis- Social Housing North 17 Law of the Sea to extend their sovereign tent ice cover. The IPY, meanwhile, is mobi- rights beyond 200 nautical miles, enhanc- lizing legions of investigators for an inten- Oral History in Nunavut: ing their entitlement to regulate a range of sive two-year campaign of data gathering An Overview of its Past and scientific activities. This is in marked con- and analysis across a broad range of disci- Present Vitality 20 trast to the Antarctic regime, where freedom plines. Finally, UNCLOS has prompted all five of research is protected under the terms of coastal states that front upon the Arctic Book Review: the Antarctic Treaty.