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Engineer Tactics Clear the Way

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Engineer Tactics Clear the Way ENGINEER TACTICS CLEAR THE WAY By Brigadier General Daniel W. Christman Commandant, U.S. Army Engineer School he old and stable Army mold is being priority: force structure enhancements. Despite Tbroken. The Army of this decade will be the successes of the Engineer Restructure In­ smaller, primarily CONUS based, and must be itiative (ERI), we do not yet have the final solu­ trained and ready for contingency operations tion. We must keep ERI on track for the ar­ anywhere in the world. mored and mechanized divisions and watch out This will drive changes in the way engineers for "nibbling" on the margins. We still have to do their jobs. We must be forward-looking and work out the structure at the corps level and design doctrine and equipment that will allow us above to ensure we can sustain the future con­ to accomplish future engineer battlefield mis­ tingency fight. This means we will look closely sions. At the Engineer Center we are doing just at the roles of combat heavy battalions, combat that. Working together, we will establish a sound support equipment companies, and bridge foundation for Army engineers in the 21st companies. century. Last but not least, we must work on equipment I've talked to many of you in my first two modernization. This is broken, and fixing it with months as Commandant, and your feedback has the sharply reduced resources will not be easy. helped me outline four priorities for engineers to Mobility enhancements are a critical Army successfully contend with the challenges of a shortfall. Vern Lowrey's article on engineer obser­ complicated, diverse, and resource-constrained vations from Desert Storm (pages 42-48) high­ world. The first is professional development. We lights our inability to breach complex obstacles have done an excellent job in the past to quickly and effectively. We need to aggressively prepare our junior engineer leaders, and I want field the equipment required to accomplish our that to continue. In this regard, I recommend you warfighting missions. The M1 breacher/bridger read TRADOC Pamphlet 525-5, dated 1 August is, consequently, our number one equipment 1991. This pamphlet previews the Army's Air­ priority. Land Operations concept and helps set the To meet these enormous challenges, we must doctrinal azimuth we will be following in the 90s. maintain a sense of balance-a balance that It is an extremely important document! places attention on our work and family Second is communication with the field. I priorities, and doing all that we do with a sense want the school to do a better job in this area. of purpose and humor. The teamwork we As part of the team, you need to help us develop will help us speak with one voice for the design and build the future combat engineer engineer community and greatly enhance the ef­ force. Since you deal with unit problems daily, I fectiveness we will need in the demanding en­ know you are identifying innovative solutions to vironment of the 90s. solve them. A lot of great ideas are out there, We at the Engineer Center are committed to but if you don't share them, they will only be helping our Total Army "maintain the edge" great ideas for a few. In turn, we at the school during the transition to the smaller, quality force need to stay in touch with you on the full range of the future. With your help, we will ensure en­ of issues on our plate. I'll do all I can at this gineers "Clear the Way" for this force, as we end to open the communication lines. have for every force fielded by this nation since I have already started working my third the founding of our Republic. Essayons! E . P9 cxtober ~glnee r Volume 21 PB 5-91-4 UNITED STATES ARMY FEATURES ENGINEER CENTER AND FORT LEONARD WOOD 2 The Engineer Role In Helping the Kurdish People by Colonel Stephen A. Winsor and Major Stephen D. Austin 10 The Brigade Deliberate Breach COMMANDER/COMMANDANT by Major Greg S. Kuhr and Major John F. Antal Brigadier General Daniel W. Christman 18 Constructing Iraqi-Style Obstacles at the NTC by Captain Thomas E. Sawyer MANAGING EDITOR Catherine Eubanks 26 Engineers as Part of the Combined Arms Reconnaissance Team FEATURES EDITOR by Captain Bob Wray Phillip R. Howell, Jr. GRAPHIC DESIGNER 35 The Evolution of River Crossing Doctrine, 1918 to 1944 Jennifer C. Bolyard by Captain Robert Toguchi 42 Initial Engineer Observations by Engineers In the Gulf War By Order of the Secretary of the Army: by Vernon Lowrey GORDON R. SULLIVAN 51 The Quadripartite Working Group: Honing Engineer General, United States Army Standardization Chief of Staff by Captain Kathryn M. Ohmann Official: PATRICIA P. HICKERSON Brigadier General, United States Army DEPARTMENTS The Adjutant General Inside Front Cover: Clear the Way Cover photo: Two armored combat 9 Personal Viewpoint 55 Engineer Update earthmovers (ACEs) of the 9th En­ 22 Engineer Problem 58 Past In Review gineer Battalion move to their next ob­ 32 Lessons Learned 61 Bridge the Gap jective during Operation Desert Storm (Photo by SFC Bob Crockett, VII 49 Engineer Solution Corps, Public Affairs Office). ENGINEER (ISSN 0046-19890) Is prepared quarterly by the U.S. Army En­ of expertise. Views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily gineer School, ATTN: ATSE-TDM-PB, Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473-6650. reflect official Army or TRADOC positions, nor does the content change or super­ Second Class postage Is paid at Fort Leonard Wood, MO, and addttlonal mailing sede information In other offi cial Army publications. ENGINEER reserves the right offices. to edtt malarial. POSTMASTER; Send address changes to ENGINEER, the Professional Bul­ CONTENT Is not copyrighted. Material may be reprinted If credit Is given to letin for Army Engineers, ATTN: ATSE-TDM-PB, Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473- ENGINEER and the author. 6650. OFFICIAL DISTRIBUTION Is targeted to all engineer and eng lneer-relaled CORRESPONDENCE, letters to the ednor, manuscripts, pholographs, official untts. unn requests to receive copies, and untt address changes should be sent to EN­ GINEER, a1 the preceding address. Telephone: (314) 563-7535, AV 676-7535. PERSONAL SUBSCRIPTIONS are available by contacting the Superintendent of Documents, ATTN : Chief, Mail List Branch, Stop SSOM, Washington, DC DISCLAIMER: ENGINEER presents professional lnformallon designed to keep 20402. Address changes for personal subscriptions should also be sent to the Army engineers Informed of current and emerging developments wtthln their areas Superintendent of Documents. Engineer 1 The Engineer Role in Helping the Kurdish People A fter the Desert Storm vic­ the 94th Engineer Combat Bat­ the tactical organization of the ...t'1iory, coalition forces pro­ talion (Heavy) (ECB(H)) (US), the brigade. Due to a shortage of lift vided humanitarian support to 133rd Naval Mobile Construction assets, it took about a month from the Kurdish people of northern Battalion (NMCB) (US), the 51st the arrival of the brigade head­ Iraq through Operation Provide Field Squadron (United Kingdom) quarters until all units had ar­ Comfort. The operation pre­ (UK), and the 11th Engineer Relief rived in Iraq. The brigade task sented a unique set of challenges Battalion (Netherlands) (NL). The force eventually reached a for participating military units­ 94th and 133rd were deployed from strength of about 2,000 personnel and especially for the U.S. 18th Darmstadt, Germany and Rota, from three countries. Engineer Brigade. Spain, respectively. The Dutch unit Only organic engineer platoons Deployed from Karlsruhe, Ger­ was a composite battalion created remained under the control of many in April of this year, the specifically for Operation Provide their parent units. These elements brigade was part of Joint Task Comfort, and included an engineer were primarily used to provide Force Bravo (JTF-B}-responsible company, a medical company, and a combat engineer support to their for overseeing operations in north­ staff company. higher headquarters, but were em Iraq. The brigade was given Elements of the Air Force 564th called on from time to time by the responsibility for all engineering Civil Engineering Squadron brigade to augment scarce en­ in the region, and was head­ (Prime Beef), Air Force 39th EOD gineer resources as the mission quartered in Zakho (see map). flight, Army 72nd EOD Detach­ dictated. In tum, the brigade controlled all ment, 524th Special Team Royal The urgency of the mission at coalition separate engineer units in Engineers (STRE) (UK), and 6th hand transcended language bar­ the region. These units included Field Squadron (UK) rounded out riers and interservice rivalries. By Colonel Stephen A. Winsor and Major Stephen D. Austin 2 Engineer The Kurds had to be moved out of strength exceeding 15,000 person­ devised five construction guide­ the mountains on the Turkish bor­ nel, engineer support became lines which were excellent bench­ der, relocated to transient camps critical. marks throughout the exercise. and/or their homes, and their The third mission was to These guidelines directed that all health and well-being ensured. So, manage real estate allocation and infrastructure and construction despite the diversity of units under use, primarily in the Kakho area, be: adaptable to Kurdish culture, the brigade's control, cooperation where the bulk of JTF-B forces easily taken over by civilian relief and a sense of purpose were the were located. With limited space organizations, temporary in na­ rule rather than the exception. and a plethora of units, this was no ture, economical, and easily con­ After setting up operations, the easy task. structed. brigade prioritized several An additional "be prepared" Both cultural and religious cus­ primary engineer missions. The mission called for the brigade to toms had to be considered.
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