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Ph.D. Political Sciences Dissertation Title Authority executive in the 2011 Constitution Comparative Legal Study in Light of the Constitutions 1962-1996 Ph.D. Political Sciences PhD student Mohammed El khamlichi University Pisa Institute Department of Political Sciences Curricula Constitutional Studies Dissertation Title Authority Executive in the 2011 Constitution Comparative Legal Study in Light of the Constitutions 1962-1996 1 Authority executive in the 2011 Constitution Comparative Legal Study in Light of the Constitutions 1962-1996 Index Index ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction: ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Section I: The Moroccan Constitutional System ................................................................................... 37 Chapter I: The First Constitutional Experience 1962 ......................................................................... 39 I: Pre-Constitution 1962 ............................................................................................................... 39 1: The historical controversy of the constitutional question .................................................... 40 1.1: The beginnings of the constitutional idea in Morocco ................................................... 40 1.2: Draft Constitution of the newspaper "The tongue of Morocco" ................................... 48 2: Post-independence stage ...................................................................................................... 54 2.1: The Position of the Royal Institution from Constitution ................................................ 55 2.2: Political conflict over the exercise of constituent authority .......................................... 62 II: The 1962 Constitution .............................................................................................................. 70 1: The status of the Royal Institution in the Constitution of 1962 ............................................ 70 1.1: Universal Highness of the Royal Institution ................................................................... 70 1.2: Chapter 19 Legal and Political Significance .................................................................... 75 2: The Government and the Parliament in the 1962 Constitution............................................ 82 2.1: Government subordination to the King ......................................................................... 82 2.2: Rationalization of the functions of Parliament .............................................................. 88 Chapter II: Subsequent Constitutional Experiences .......................................................................... 93 I: Constitutions 1970 and 1972 .................................................................................................... 94 1: The 1970 constitution ........................................................................................................... 94 1.1: The Case of exception .................................................................................................... 94 1.2: Constitution the 1970 and dedicating the Case of exception ..................................... 100 2: The 1972 Constitution ......................................................................................................... 104 2.1: The political situation during the period the 1972 Constitution .................................. 105 2.2: The return to constitutional life ................................................................................... 110 II: The constitutions of 1992 and 1996 ....................................................................................... 115 1: The 1992 Constitution ......................................................................................................... 115 1.1: Consensus on the adoption of the reform strategy ..................................................... 116 1.2: The gradual trend towards balance of the authorities ................................................ 121 2: The 1996 Constitution ......................................................................................................... 128 2.1: Adoption of the system of Parliamentary Duplications In ........................................... 128 2.2: Improving Government Action Mechanisms ............................................................... 133 Section II: Duplication of Executive Authority .................................................................................... 140 2 Authority executive in the 2011 Constitution Comparative Legal Study in Light of the Constitutions 1962-1996 Chapter I: Executive Authority in The Constitution ......................................................................... 141 I: The Executive Authority of the Royal Institution .................................................................... 141 1: The king's powers in normal circumstances ........................................................................ 141 1.1: The Royal Institution and Continuity of Hegemony ..................................................... 142 1.2: Variables of the King's Constitutional fields ................................................................. 147 2: The powers of the king in extraordinary circumstances ..................................................... 152 2.1: The Case of Exception .................................................................................................. 152 2.2: The cases of siege and war ........................................................................................... 156 II: Executive Authority of the Head of Government .................................................................. 160 1: The Head of Government and the new Constitutional roles .......................................... 161 1.1: Tasks of the Head of Government ................................................................................ 161 1.2: The powers of Head of Government in the legislative field ........................................ 166 2: Activating the constitutional powers of the Head of Government ..................................... 171 2.1: Regulatory Laws ........................................................................................................... 171 2.2: Interpretation of the powers of the Head of Government .......................................... 175 Chapter 1: The relationship between the Authorities .................................................................... 180 I: Government subordination of the King .................................................................................. 181 1: Appointment of Government .............................................................................................. 181 1.1: The Head of Government and mandatory appointment ............................................ 181 1.2: The role of the Head of Government in its formation ................................................. 185 2: Dismissal the Government .................................................................................................. 189 2.1: Dismissal of the Head of Government ......................................................................... 189 2.2: Continuity of subordination of Ministers to the King .................................................. 193 II: The king's supervision of the Government............................................................................. 198 1: The Role of the Royal Institution in Government Work ...................................................... 198 1.1: Presidency of the Council of Ministers ......................................................................... 198 1.1: Government program ................................................................................................... 204 2: The king's domination of Government work ....................................................................... 208 2.2: Mechanisms of intervention of the Royal Institution .................................................. 208 2.2: The weakness of the Head of Government 's position ................................................ 214 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 219 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................ 225 3 Authority executive in the 2011 Constitution Comparative Legal Study in Light of the Constitutions 1962-1996 Introduction: In every society, the power is given to some persons who can not direct other members of the society, whether the social group to which the orders are directed is small or large, primitive or developed. It is the rulers who take power and apply it by force when necessary, hence the distinction between the rulers and the ruled1. Where according to Jurisprudence that the political group can not be established without the authority to govern and direct its activities, it sets individuals the rules of law, controls behavior and protects the common good of various individuals. Hence, every political society must have a system that defines the nature of governance and the relation between rulers and governed, and balances opposing
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