DOCSLIB.ORG

Crossing the Strait from Morocco to the United States: the Transnational Gendering of the Atlantic World Before 1830

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Crossing the Strait from Morocco to the United States: the Transnational Gendering of the Atlantic World Before 1830 CROSSING THE STRAIT FROM MOROCCO TO THE UNITED STATES: THE TRANSNATIONAL GENDERING OF THE ATLANTIC WORLD BEFORE 1830 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Marsha R. Robinson, MA ®®®®® The Ohio State University 2006 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Claire Robertson, Advisor Professor Ahmad Sikainga _________________________ Professor Stephen Hall Advisor History Graduate Program Copyright by Marsha Renee Robinson 2006 ABSTRACT This world women’s history is a comparative legal study tracing two thousand years of cultural contact through 1830 between the Saharan-based, gynecentric, Berian culture foundational to the Maliki Islam of the Berbers, Southern Arabs and Iberians, and the Mesopotamian and eastern Mediterranean patriarchy foundational to West Asiatic Islam and Western Christianity. The work explores the female-friendly Berian values common to the Saharan salt marsh diaspora and Almoravid Andalusia and North Africa, correcting patriarchal Sassanid influences upon Abbasid and Almohad omissions of female politicians from their imperial histories of the Maghrib. The European patriarchal bias began during Isabel I’s Reconquista Spain when the Spanish Inquisition attempted a purge of Berian matriliny. It continued with British harem envy, hyper-virility and political jealousy as Anglo-Americans engaged Barbary states. Western Christian philosophers, Freemasons, politicians and ministers used misperceptions of the harem to limit Western women’s economic and legal rights. In the U.S., this resulted in the simultaneous rise of domesticity, left-handed marriages, and de facto American polygyny. The Berber cultural influence on the U.S. occurred in the 1833 U.S. v. Percheman decision when the Supreme Court adopted married women’s property rights from the Siete Partidas after the Florida cession. ii Colonizers and abusive spouses do not have absolute power. Every act of coercion is an affirmation of the internal strength of the victim. +++++ Dedicated to my parents who inspired me, and my children, my husband, and the world’s best girlfriends who dreamed of this day with me iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to all of the scholars, librarians, archivists, and wise people who have guided me to this moment. I begin with Claire Robertson, my advisor, who allowed me the latitude to pursue this inquiry in my non-linear fashion and modeled the discipline necessary to complete the task. I have enjoyed the apprenticeship. To Dr. Fatema Mernissi, I owe more than words can ever express for she took seriously the quest of an insignificant daughter of a Baptist preacher from Columbus, Ohio and showed me that there is far more to African women and Islam than gender oppression. Susan Hartmann, Judy Wu, Leila Rupp, Eve Levin, Ahmad Sikainga, Stephen Hall, Jane Hathaway, Howard Crane, and Carter Findley and many more have been wonderfully supportive as they helped me meld my love of women’s lived experiences with the global perspective I developed during my undergraduate program at the School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University. To the Department of African American and African Studies at the Ohio State University, thank you for the keys to the non-Western world: I must thank C. Magbaily Fyle, Alamin Mazrui, Ousseina Alidou (now of Rutgers University), Paulette Peirce, Linda James-Myers, Demetrius Eudell, Joaquim Zabramba, Deo Tungaraza, Shirley Turner, Jeanne Boykin, Joby Abernathy and Sarah Twitty and more. I also thank my Arabic instructors, Joseph Zeidan, Mahdi Alosh, and all of the graduate teaching iv associates, for tolerating my focus on the written language. The turn toward the scholarly life was a gift from the faculty at Central Connecticut State University, namely Heather Munro Prescott, Norton Mezvinsky, and Matthew Warshauer, for these are the people who agreed that there might be something to Harriet Beecher Stowe’s love of Moroccan slippers. This dissertation also relies on archival sources of various kinds. I am grateful to all of the librarians and archivists who have pointed me toward the most interesting material, some of which will appear in subsequent projects. I thank the staff of the Ohio State University Libraries; Connecticut State Archives; the Hartford Seminary; the Connecticut Historical Society; the Library of Congress; the Washington Navy Yard; the Lauinger Library of Georgetown University; the Beinecke Library at Yale University; the Royal Palace Archives (Rabat, Morocco); the General Library and Archives (Rabat, Morocco); the Library of the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences at the Mohammed V University (Rabat, Morocco); the King Abdul Aziz Public Library (Casablanca, Morocco); the British Library; the British Public Records Office (Kew, England); the Rhodes- Mandela House and the Bodleian Library at Oxford University; and, the National Library of Ireland (Dublin, Ireland). I also thank the Governors and the Board of Directors of the Archbishop Marsh Library, St. Patrick’s Close, Dublin, Ireland and Mr. Christopher Smith of Senate House Library, University of London for permission. to use their documents. This research was supported by grants and associateships from the Ohio State University Graduate School, Department of History, Department of African American and African Studies, the Middle East Studies Center, and the Office of International Education for financial support during this process. v VITA June 1, 1964..............................................Born - Franklin County, Ohio 1986..........................................................B.S.F.S. International Finance and Commerce School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University 1999.........................................................M.A., American History Central Connecticut State University 1998-1999................................................Graduate Teaching Associate African American and African Studies, The Ohio State University 1999-2001, 2004-2005..............................Graduate Teaching Associate Department of History The Ohio State University 2001-2004..................................................Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellow Middle East Studies Center The Ohio State University PUBLICATIONS Research Publications. 1. Claire Robertson and Marsha Robinson, “(Re-)modeling Slavery as if Women Matter/ed,” in Women and Slavery, edited by Gwyn Campbell, Suzanne Miers and Joseph C. Miller. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2006. 2. “Birthing an Indigenous Islam: Carolyn Moxley Rouse's Engaged Surrender," Journal of African American Studies (Summer 2005). 3. Abstract of Cultures of Color in America: A Guide to Family, Religion, and Health, by Sybil M. Lassiter. Journal of Women’s History 12, no. 1 (Spring 2000): 217. 4. Abstract of A Mother’s Job: The History of Day Care, 1890-1960, by Elizabeth Rose. Journal of Women’s History 12, no. 1 (Summer 2000): 229. 5. et. al. “The Central Ohio Somali Initiative: Research on Race Relations,” United Way of Franklin County, Ohio. 2000. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract...........................................................................................................................ii Dedication.......................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgments...........................................................................................................iv Vita.................................................................................................................................vi List of Maps..................................................................................................................viii Preface............................................................................................................................ix Chapters 1. Introduction: An Alternative to Patriarchy............................................................1 2. Tiski al-Ardja and Stories about Origins and Female Power in the Berian Culture Zone.......................................................................30 3. Daughters of Ghania: Maliki Jurisprudence and the Protection of Women’s Rights in the Maghrib and Andalusia ..............................................88 4. Isabel Trastamara and Women’s Rights In Castile.............................................138 5. Variations in Matriliny: Inès de Soto, Sixteenth Century Koran Keeper of Cordoba, and Moroccan Jurist al-Qasim and Ordinary Berian Women’s Rights...............................................................................................................181 6. Mulay Ismail’s Women: Alawi Royal Women and the Drive to Expel Patriarchalists............................................................................215 7. Mary Wollstonecraft, the Rise of Homosocial Environments in West Asia and Challenges to Female-Friendly Berian Jurisprudence........................................265 8. Harriet Beecher Stowe and De Facto American Polygyny................................312 9. Conclusion: the Patriarchal Challenge to Female-Friendly Berian Values Continued................................................................................. 343 Bibliography.................................................................................................................364 vii LIST OF MAPS Map Page 1.1 900 AD..............................................................................................................21
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Unity in Diversity, Volume 2
    Unity in Diversity, Volume 2 Unity in Diversity, Volume 2: Cultural and Linguistic Markers of the Concept Edited by Sabine Asmus and Barbara Braid Unity in Diversity, Volume 2: Cultural and Linguistic Markers of the Concept Edited by Sabine Asmus and Barbara Braid This book first published 2014 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2014 by Sabine Asmus, Barbara Braid and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-5700-9, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-5700-0 CONTENTS Introduction .............................................................................................. vii Cultural and Linguistic Markers of the Concept of Unity in Diversity Sabine Asmus Part I: Cultural Markers Chapter One ................................................................................................ 3 Questions of Identity in Contemporary Ireland and Spain Cormac Anderson Chapter Two ............................................................................................. 27 Scottish Whisky Revisited Uwe Zagratzki Chapter Three ........................................................................................... 39 Welsh
    [Show full text]
  • University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
    HOW AN ISLAMIC SOLUTION BECAME AN ISLAMIST PROBLEM: EDUCATION, AUTHORITARIANISM AND THE POLITICS OF OPPOSITION IN MOROCCO By ANN MARIE WAINSCOTT A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2013 1 © 2013 Ann Marie Wainscott 2 To Tom and Mary Wainscott 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is hubris to try to acknowledge everyone who contributed to a project of this magnitude; I’m going to try anyway. But first, another sort of acknowledgement is necessary. The parsimonious theories and neat typologies I was taught in graduate school in no way prepared me to understand the tremendous sacrifices and risks of physical and psychological violence that individuals take in authoritarian contexts to participate as members of the political opposition; that is something one learns in the field. I’d like to begin the dissertation by acknowledging my deep respect for those activists, regardless of political persuasion, whose phone calls are recorded and monitored, who are followed every time they leave their homes, who risk their lives and the lives of those they love on behalf of their ideals. For those who have “disappeared,” for those who have endured torture, sometimes for years or decades, for those who are presently in detention, for those whose bodies are dissolved in acid, buried at sea or in mass graves, I acknowledge your sacrifice. I know some of your stories. Although most of my colleagues, interlocutors and friends in Morocco must go unnamed, they ought not go unacknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • The Heritage of AL-ANDALUS and the Formation of Spanish History and Identity
    International Journal of History and Cultural Studies (IJHCS) Volume 3, Issue 1, 2017, PP 63-76 ISSN 2454-7646 (Print) & ISSN 2454-7654 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-7654.0301008 www.arcjournals.org The Heritage of AL-ANDALUS and the Formation of Spanish History and Identity Imam Ghazali Said Indonesia Abstract: This research deals with the Islamic cultural heritage in al-Andalus and its significance for Spanish history and identity. It attempts to answer the question relating to the significance of Islamic legacies for the construction of Spanish history and identity. This research is a historical analysis of historical sources or data regarding the problem related to the place and contribution of al-Andalus’ or Islamic cultural legacies in its various dimensions. Source-materials of this research are particularly written primary and secondary sources. The interpretation of data employs the perspective of continuity and change, and continuity and discontinuity, in addition to Foucault’s power/knowledge relation. This research reveals thatal-Andalus was not merely a geographical entity, but essentially a complex of literary, philosophical and architectural construction. The lagacies of al-Andalus are seen as having a great significance for the reconstruction of Spanish history and the formation of Spanish identity, despite intense debates taking place among different scholar/historians. From Foucauldian perspective, the break between those who advocate and those who challenge the idea of convivencia in social, religious, cultural and literary spheres is to a large extent determined by power/knowledge relation. The Castrian and Albornozan different interpretations of the Spanish history and identity reflect their relations to power and their attitude to contemporary political situation that determine the production of historical knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • Revue De La Presse Du 11/10/2013
    Revue de la presse du 11/10/2013 Le Maroc et les Îles Canaries s'allient Le Maroc participe à la 4ème édition du Salon atlantique de logistique et du transport (SALT) comme invité d’honneur. Elle a lieu du 9 au 11 octobre 2013, à Las Palmas. C'est la deuxième participation consécutive du Maroc, comme invité d’honneur. Ce salon vise à concentrer les efforts sur la consolidation des progrès réalisés lors des précédentes éditions en vue d'améliorer les liaisons maritimes et aériennes et de développer davantage les relations commerciales entre les Iles Canaries et l'Afrique, notamment le Maroc. À l’occasion de la tenue de cette quatrième édition, la délégation marocaine a présenté le cluster de la Logistique et du Transport de la région de Souss Massa Drâa (SMD). S'exprimant à cette occasion, Younes Tazi, Directeur Général de l'Agence Marocaine de Développement de la Logistique (AMDL), a rappelé que la compagnie aérienne Royal Air Maroc (RAM) proposera à compter du 29 octobre 2013 une liaison entre Casablanca et Tenerife. • Annahar Al Maghribya • Le Maroc se cherche une place sur l'échiquier international Longtemps centré dans ses rapports sur l'Union Européenne et les USA, le Maroc est aujourd'hui obligé de diversifier sa politique étrangère. Dans une récente étude, l’IMRI fixe les priorités de la diplomatie marocaine pour mieux se positionner sur l'échiquier international. C‘est le moment ou jamais pour le Maroc de diversifier sa politique étrangère. Ce constat est celui de l'institut marocain des relations internationales (IMRI) qui vient de rendre publique une étude sur les priorités géopolitiques du Maroc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Right to Asylum Between Islamic Shari'ah And
    The Right to Asylum between Islamic Shari’ah and International Refugee Law A Comparative Study Prof. Ahmed Abou-El-Wafa Produced and Printed by Printing Press of Naif Arab University for Security Sciences Riyadh - 2009 (1430 H.) The Right to Asylum between Islamic Shari’ah and International Refugee Law A Comparative Study Prof. Ahmed Abou-El-Wafa Riyadh - 2009 (1430 H.) “Those who believed and emigrated, and strove in the cause of GOD, as well as those who hosted them and gave them refuge, and supported them, these are the true believers. They have deserved forgiveness and a generous recompense.” (Quranic Surat al-Anfal, "The Spoils of War" [Chapter 8 verse 74]) “Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.” (Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article 14) "Every man shall have the right, within the framework of the Shari'ah... if persecuted, is entitled to seek asylum in another country. The country of refugee shall be obliged to provide protection to the asylum seeker until his safety has been attained, unless asylum is motivated by committing an act regarded by the Shari'ah as a crime". (Article 12 of the Declaration on Human Rights in Islam) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Regional Office in the Regional Office in the Arab Republic of Egypt GCC Countries E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Arabic Website: English Website: www.unhcr.org.eg www.unhcr.org First Edition 2009 This book is written, on behalf of UNHCR by Prof. Dr. Ahmed Abou-El-Wafa, Chief of the Department of Public International Law, Faculty of Law, Cairo University.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 24 Causes and Consequences
    UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Causes and Consequences of Second Language Education: A Global Analysis From 1980 to the Present Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6t62j38r Author Coyne, Gary Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Causes and Consequences of Second Language Education: A Global Analysis From 1980 to the Present A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology by Gary Coyne August 2013 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Christopher Chase-Dunn, Chairperson Dr. Steven G. Brint Dr. Augustine Kposowa Dr. Matthew C. Mahutga Copyright by Gary Coyne 2013 The Dissertation of Gary Coyne is approved: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank all the members of my committee for their guidance, both profession and personal, through this process and Christopher Chase-Dunn in particular. I also want to thank all those colleagues and friends- too numerous to name- that have provided insight on various portions of this project as well as supported me during a sometimes trying process. I also want to thank the staff at the International Bureau of Education, especially Ruth Creamer, without whose help I would not have had access to this data. iv DEDICATION To my parents, for all that they have given. v ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Causes and Consequences of Second Language Education: A Global Analysis from 1980 to the Present by Gary Coyne Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Program in Sociology University of California, Riverside, August 2013 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Muslim Economic Thinking in the 11Th A.H
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive A study of Muslim economic thinking in the 11th A.H. / 17th C.E. century Islahi, Abdul Azim Islamic Economics Institute, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA 2009 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/75431/ MPRA Paper No. 75431, posted 06 Dec 2016 02:55 UTC Abdul Azim Islahi Islamic Economics Research Center King Abdulaziz University Scientific Publising Centre King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia FOREWORD There are numerous works on the history of Islamic economic thought. But almost all researches come to an end in 9th AH/15th CE century. We hardly find a reference to the economic ideas of Muslim scholars who lived in the 16th or 17th century, in works dealing with the history of Islamic economic thought. The period after the 9th/15th century remained largely unexplored. Dr. Islahi has ventured to investigate the periods after the 9th/15th century. He has already completed a study on Muslim economic thinking and institutions in the 10th/16th century (2009). In the mean time, he carried out the study on Muslim economic thinking during the 11th/17th century, which is now in your hand. As the author would like to note, it is only a sketch of the economic ideas in the period under study and a research initiative. It covers the sources available in Arabic, with a focus on the heartland of Islam. There is a need to explore Muslim economic ideas in works written in Persian, Turkish and other languages, as the importance of these languages increased in later periods.
    [Show full text]
  • The Iqta' System of Iraq Under the Buwayhids Tsugitaka Sato
    THE IQTA' SYSTEM OF IRAQ UNDER THE BUWAYHIDS TSUGITAKA SATO* In 334 A. H. (946 A.D.), having established his authority in Baghdad, Mu'izz al-Dawla granted iqta's in the Sawad to his commanders, his asso- ciates, and his Turks. This is the formation of the so-called "military" iqta' system in the Islamic history. The appearance of the military iqta's brought about not only the evolution of the Islamic state, but also the transformation of the Iraqi society during the 10-11th centuries and of the other countries in the following periods. Nizam al-Mulk understood this as the change from bistagan (cash pay) to iqta',(1) while al-Maqrizi described as the change from 'ata' to iqta' in the same meaning.(2) As for the iqta' system under the Buwayhids, H. F. Amedroz first translated the Miskawayh's text into English with annotations,(3) and then C. H. Becker tried to realize the iqta' system in the history of 'Lehen' from the early Islamic period to the Ottoman Turks.(4) A. A, al-Duri, who studied the economic history of the Buwayhid Iraq, made clear the character of iqta' comparing it with milk (private land) and waqf, though the reality of iqta' holding remained to be investigated in future.(5) On the other hand, Cl. Cahen published the general survey of iqta' in the history of the Islamic land holding, which gave us usefull informations concerning the right and obligation of soldiers, and the fall of peasants by way of himaya (protection) and the loan at high interest.(6) We also find the general description of iqta' in the study of H.
    [Show full text]
  • Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, the True Islam− Ð Õ Êáîyj»A Æ Ê Ì Êåày Æ J»Aì Êé¼»A Ániê Æ Ê
    Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, The True Islam− Ð Õ êÁÎYj»A æ ê ì êÅÀY æ j»Aì êɼ»A ÁnIê æ ê In the name of Allah,− the Gracious, the Merciful WELCOME TO AHMADIYYAT, THE TRUE ISLAM TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword: Sahibzada± − ± − M. M. Ahmad,± Amir− Jama‘at,− USA 11 Introduction ............................................................................. 13 System of Transliteration ............................................................ 15 Publisher's Note ......................................................................... 17 1 The Purpose of Man's Life ..................................... 19 Means of Attaining Purpose of Life ........................... 24 Significance of Religion ............................................ 28 The Continuity of Religion ........................................ 29 The Apex of Religious Development ......................... 31 Unity of Religions ..................................................... 31 2 Islam− and a Muslim ................................................. 32 Unification of Humanity Through Islam− ................... 44 Ahmadi± − Muslims ....................................................... 50 1 Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, The True Islam− 3 The Islamic− Beliefs (The Articles of Faith) ......... 52 Unity of Allah− ............................................................ 54 The Islamic− Concept of God Almighty ...................... 55 God's Attributes (Divine Names) ........................ 61 Angels ........................................................................ 64 The Islamic−
    [Show full text]
  • The Nature of Riba in Islam
    THE NATURE OF RIBA IN ISLAM By: M. Umer Chapra1 Abstrak Perdebatan masalah riba seperti tidak pernah selesai di diskusikan oleh banyak kalangan, baik akademis, organisasi keagamaan, bahkan sampai pada forum-forum intenasional. Beberapa terminologi dibahas dengan baik dalam tulisan ini yang dimulai dengan pelarangan riba itu sendiri kemudian pembagian-pembagian riba, diantaranya riba al-Nasi’ah dan riba al-Fadl, serta implikasi dari dua bentuk riba tersebut. Pembahasan didukung dengan pendapat-pendapat para ulama dan ekonom yang merujuk langsung dari ayat-ayat al-Qur’an, sampai pada perdebatan hukum. Demikian juga al-Qur’an sangat jelas membedakan antara riba dan perdagangan, namun pelarangan riba sangat jelas bahkan diperkuat dengan hadits-hadits yang dengan eksplisit melarang riba. Dijelaskan pula tentang perbedaan antara riba dan bunga bank. Islam sangat menentang bunga bank karena Islam berharap terjadinya sistem ekonomi yang mengeliminasi seluruh bentuk ketidakadilan dengan memperkenalkan keadilan antara pengusaha dan pemilik modal, yaitu berbagi resiko dan berbagi hasil. ŭ ΊņĨŧ Ώ 1 ΎỲŏΉė ΞΊẂ ĤΣΔĜŧ ΔΩė ĥ ĜẃΐĨľė Έ΅ Ή ģŊΜūΕ╬ė ĥ ĜΡĜỳΉė ΎΙā ŋķā ĤΡŊĜųĨ⅝Ϋė – ĤΣẂĜΐĨį Ϋė ĤΉėŋẃΉė ŋẃħ ĥ ĜẃΐĨĴ ΐΊΉ ĤĢŧ ΕΉĜġΛ .ĤΡĜỳΉė ΖōΙ ⅜Σ⅞ĸĨΉ ĤẃĢĨ╬ė ĥ ĜΣĴ ΣħėŏĨŦΫė ∟ ĥ ĜẃΐĨľė Ίħ ╚ġ ‛ άĨŅė ŊΜį Λ ΒΏ ĤΣĴ ΣħėŏĨŦΫė Ίħ ŏŲĜΕẂ ŋķā ΞΊẂ ⅜₤ėΜħ Ĥ╤ ªΌάŦΩėΛ ĤΣΔėŏųΕΉėΛ ĤΡŊΜΚΣΉėΛ ĤΣŦΛŋΕ▀ė ŭ ŅΧė ΞΊẂΛ ªĤΣΕΡŋΉė Η╠ė ŋ⅝ ⌠ΛΧė ĤīάĬΉė ĥ ĜΔĜΡŋΉė ẀĜĢħā ΒΏ ♥ė╙Ģ΄ ♥ĜĢΔĜį ΑĜ΄ ėŌċΛ .ŊΜ⅞ΕΉė Ŵėŏ⅝ċ ΒẂ ĤΊųĸĨ╬ė ģŋĕĜ℮Ήė ┐ŏ╡ ΜΙΛ ĜΏ ΑĈġ ĤΉŊĜľė ΑΜΉΛĜ► ΝŏŅΧė ĥ ĜΔĜΡŋΉė ẀĜĢħĈġ ΠŦĈĨΉė ∟ ╚ĢỲėŏΉė ╚ΐΊŧ ╬ė
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    The history of the conquest of Egypt, being a partial translation of Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam's "Futuh Misr" and an analysis of this translation Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Hilloowala, Yasmin, 1969- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 21:08:06 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282810 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly fi-om the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectiotiing the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.
    [Show full text]
  • JGI V. 14, N. 2
    Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective Volume 14 Number 2 Multicultural Morocco Article 1 11-15-2019 Full Issue - JGI v. 14, n. 2 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/jgi Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation (2019) "Full Issue - JGI v. 14, n. 2," Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective: Vol. 14 : No. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/jgi/vol14/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Multicultural Morocco JOURNAL of GLOBAL INITIATIVES POLICY, PEDAGOGY, PERSPECTIVE 2019 VOLUME 14 NUMBER 2 Journal of global Initiatives Vol. 14, No. 2, 2019, pp.1-28. The Year of Morocco: An Introduction Dan Paracka Marking the 35th anniversary of Kennesaw State University’s award-winning Annual Country Study Program, the 2018-19 academic year focused on Morocco and consisted of 22 distinct educational events, with over 1,700 people in attendance. It also featured an interdisciplinary team-taught Year of Morocco (YoM) course that included a study abroad experience to Morocco (March 28-April 7, 2019), an academic conference on “Gender, Identity, and Youth Empowerment in Morocco” (March 15-16, 2019), and this dedicated special issue of the Journal of Global Initiatives. Most events were organized through six different College Spotlights titled: The Taste of Morocco; Experiencing Moroccan Visual Arts; Multiple Literacies in Morocco; Conflict Management, Peacebuilding, and Development Challenges in Morocco, Moroccan Cultural Festival; and Moroccan Solar Tree.
    [Show full text]