Denizin Içine Doğru Uzanan Büyük Bir Burun Üzerine Kurulu Sinop

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Denizin Içine Doğru Uzanan Büyük Bir Burun Üzerine Kurulu Sinop Denizin içine doğru uzanan büyük The city of Sinop, founded on a large cape extending bir burun üzerine kurulu Sinop, into the sea, is one of the most beautiful ports on Karadeniz’in en güzel liman the Black Sea. The peninsula that becomes sharply kentlerinden biri. Kuzeye pointed towards the north and forms the Cape Boz- doğru iyice sivrilerek Boztepe tepe ends with the Cape İnce (İnceburun, “thin cape”), Burnu’nu oluşturan yarıma- the northernmost point of Anatolia. da, hem Karadeniz’in hem de The Akliman (“white port”) located in the northwest Anadolu’nun en kuzey noktası of the Boztepe Peninsula and the inner port in the olan İnce Burun ile sonlanıyor. southeast have been shelters for sailors throughout Boztepe Yarımadası’nın kuzeyba- history. tısında yer alan Akliman ile güneydoğudaki iç liman, tarihten beri denizcilerin barınak yeri. The history of Sinop Although there are two different stories about the Sinop tarihi origins of the Sinop, according to the more widely ac- Sinop’un tarihteki ismi konusunda iki farklı öykü cepted view, it was called Sinope in the past. varsa da kentin eskiden Sinope adıyla anıldığı The traces of the oldest settlements date back to the düşüncesi daha çok benimseniyor. İlk yerleşim Bronze Age. The history of Sinop became more appar- izleri Tunç Çağı’nda başlayan Sinop’un tarihi, ent when the Hellenistic city was founded in the 7th MÖ 7. yüzyılda kurulan Helen kenti ile belirgin- century BC. leşmeye başlıyor. The traces of the oldest settlements in Sinop date back Sinop’ta ilk yerleşim izleri Neolitik Çağ’a kadar to the Neolithic Age, but the known history of the city uzanıyor ancak bilinen tarihi MÖ 7. yüzyılda bu- begins in the 7th century BC, with the Greek migrants rada koloni kuran Yunan göçmenleri ile başlıyor. who founded a colony here. In the mid-6th century BC, MÖ 6. yüzyılın ortalarında Persler’in egemenliği the hegemony of Persians began. The following rule başlıyor, ardından gelen Pontus yönetimi MÖ of the Kingdom of Pontus was ended in 70 BC by the 70 yılında Romalılar tarafından sonlandırılıyor. Romans. The Roman domination in Sinop ended in 395 Sinop’taki Roma hakimiyeti, imparatorluğun ikiye AD, when the empire was divided into halves, and the ayrıldığı MS 395’de sona eriyor ve kent Bizans city remained in the territory of the Byzantine Empire. sınırları içinde kalıyor. Sinop began to lose its importance and to decline in the Bizans ile birlikte önemini kaybeden ve küçül- Byzantine period, and it was seized in the 13th century meye başlayan Sinop, 13. yüzyılda Trabzon Rum by the Greek Empire of Trebizond. İmparatorluğu tarafından ele geçiriliyor. 1262 In 1262, armies commanded by the Seljuk Vizier Süley- yılında Selçuklu Veziri Süleyman Pervane komuta- man Pervane besieged the city both by land and by sındaki ordular kenti hem karadan hem denizden sea, seized it, and the Turkish period began in Sinop. kuşatarak ele geçirirler ve Sinop’ta Türk dönemi The Beylik of Pervane founded by Süleyman Pervane başlar. was followed by the Jandarids (Candaroğulları Beyliği) Süleyman Pervane ile başlayan Pervane and Isfendiyarids (İsfendiyaroğulları Beyliği). Sinop Beyliği’ni, Candaroğlu ve İsfendiyaroğulları izler. was one of the targets during Sultan Mehmed II the Fatih Sultan Mehmet’in 1461 yılında Trabzon Conqueror’s expedition to the Greek Empire of Tre- Rum Devleti’ne düzenlediği seferi, Sinop’tan da bizond, and the city was added to the territory of the geçer ve kent Osmanlı İmparatorluğu toprakları- Ottoman Empire. na katılır... Sinop, the fortress-city Kale şehir, Sinop The city founded on the Boztepe Peninsula is a typical Boztepe Yarımadası üzerine kurulu kent, tarihi fortress-city living among historical fortress walls. kale duvarları arasında yaşayan tipik bir kale Although there are different opinions, according to the şehir. Farklı görüşler varsa da kalenin ilk kez İ.Ö. prominent view, the fortress was first built by Greek 7. yüzyılda Yunanlı göçmenler tarafından inşa migrants in the 7th century BC. The history of the edildiği düşüncesi ağırlıkta. Kale tarihi Helenistik fortress begins with the Hellenistic period, and it bears dönem ile başlıyor ve Roma, Bizans, Selçuklu, traces from the Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk Beylikler ve Osmanlı’dan izler taşıyor. Sürekli periods, the Anatolian Beyliks (prin- onarım gören kaleye, 13. yüzyıl, Selçuklu döne- cipalities) and from the Ottoman minde bir iç kale ekleniyor. Toplam sur uzunluğu period. An inner fortress was added neredeyse 3 bin metreyi bulan kalenin duvar to the fortress, which was frequently kalınlıkları 8, yüksekliği ise 30 metreyi buluyor. repaired, in the 13th century; i.e., in the Seljuk period. The almost- 3-thousand-meter-long fortress Sinope heykel başları, Karakum Plajı ve Gerze yolundan walls are up to 8 meters thick bir görüntü (sağ sayfa). Sinope sculptures, Karakum Beach and an image from and up to 30 meters high. Only the Gerze road (right page). two of the 6 gates mentioned by 44 TÜRSAB DERGİ | NİSAN 2016 Karadeniz’in en güzel sahilleri: The most beautiful beaches of the BlackSea: Rasim Konyar TÜRSAB DERGİ | NİSAN 2016 45 Evliya Çelebi’nin Seyahatnamesi’nde the Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi in yazdığı 6 kapısından yalnızca iki his Book of Travels (Seyahatname) are tanesi ayakta bugün; Kumkapı ve still standing; namely, the Kumkapı and Lonca Kapısı. Lonca Gates. Alaaddin Camii Alaaddin Mosque 13. yüzyılda, Selçuklular tarafın- The Alaaddin Mosque built by Seljuks dan, Sinop’un ele geçirilmesinden in the 13th century, immediately hemen sonra inşa edilen Alaaddin after the seizure of Sinop, is a typical Camii, Erken Türk cami mimarisinin example of Early Turkish Mosque tipik örneklerinden. Candaroğul- Architecture. Although it had experi- ları ve Osmanlı döneminde ciddi enced serious renovations during the onarımlar geçirse de 1850 yılında Jandarid and Ottoman periods, its büyük kubbesi yıkılınca minberi de minbar also was broken in 1850, when kırılıyor. Minber parçaları bugün its great dome collapsed. Fragments İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri, Çinili of this minbar are exhibited today Köşk’te sergileniyor. Dikdörtgen in the Tiled Kiosk belonging to the planlı, beş kubbeli yapı, taş işçiliği İstanbul Archaeological Museums. The ve avlusunun ortasındaki şadırvanı rectangular building with five domes ile dikkat çekiyor. attracts attention to its masonry and its fountain (şadırvan) at the center of Paşa Tabyaları, Saat Kulesi ve its courtyard. Pervane Medresesi Yarımadanın güneydoğusunda, 19. Pasha Redoubts, the Clock Tower yüzyılda, Rus ordularıyla çarpışan and The Pervane Madrasah Osmanlılar’ın denizden gelecek sal- The redoubts located in the southeast dırıları önlemek amacıyla yaptıkları of the peninsula were built in the 19th tabyalar bugün turizme hizmet veri- century by Ottomans who were battling yor. Yarımadanın güneydoğusunda, the Russian armies. Today, they serve yarım ay biçiminde yer alan Paşa the tourist industry. The half-moon- Tabyaları, 11 top yatağı, mahzen- shaped Pasha Redoubts located in the ler ve cephanelik bölümlerinden southeast of the peninsula consist of oluşuyor. 11 cannon beds, cellars and arsenals. Sinop Kalesi’nin doğu surlarındaki The Clock Tower rising above the bas- burcun üzerinde yükselen Saat Kule- tion on the eastern walls of the Sinop si ise Cumhuriyet dönemi yapıların- is a structure built from the Republican dan. Düzgün kesme taşlarla örülmüş Era. The stairs situated west of the kare şeklindeki kuleye burcun bastion lead to the quadratic tower batısında bulunan merdivenlerle made of dimension stones. çıkılabiliyor. The madrasah built in 1262 by the 1262 yılında Selçuklu Veziri Süley- Seljuk Vizier Süleyman Pervane has man Pervane tarafından yaptırılan a magnificent entrance door, a large medresenin görkemli bir giriş kapı- courtyard, a fountain and 16 small sı, geniş bir avlusu, çeşmesi ve avlu rooms surrounding the courtyard. The etrafına dizilmiş 16 küçük odası var. Pervane Madrasah, which is a good Dönemin taş işçiliğine iyi bir örnek example of the masonry of its period, oluşturan Pervane Medresesi bugün functions today as a bazaar for local yöresel el sanatları çarşısı olarak handicrafts. hizmet veriyor. The museums of Sinop Sol sayfa: Sinop gece (en üst), Hamsilos The artifacts exhibited in the Sinop Koyu (üstten ikinci ve sol altta), Saat Museum located in the city center span Kulesi (sağ altta) ve Alaaddin Camii (en alt, sağda). an interval between the 3000 BC, the Sağ sayfa: Sinop’un genel görüntüsü ve Bronze Age, and the Ottoman period up Pervane Medresesi görüntüleri (altta). th Left page: Sinop at night (top), Hamsilos to the 19 century. Bay (secdond from top and left below), Besides the large section consisting of Clock Tower (right below) and Alaaddin Mosque (bottom, right). amphorae recovered from the vessels Left page: General view of Sinop and sunken off the coast of Sinop, the spec- images of the Pervane Social Complex (below). tacular collection consisting of icons dat- ing from the 19th century and the Temple 46 TÜRSAB DERGİ | NİSAN 2016 GÖLGE ETME... Antik Çağ’ın ünlü düşünürlerinden Diogenes’in İ.Ö. 5. yüzyılda Sinop’ta doğduğu ve uzun yıllar burada yaşadığı biliniyor. Çılgın kişiliği nedeniyle en çok tartışılan ve eleştirilen filozoflardan biridir. Sahte para basmak suçundan kentten sürülen babası ile birlikte Atina’ya gitmek zorunda kalıyor ve Yunanistan’da ölüyor. Diogenes’in felsefesinin bir bölümüne göre; erdem do- ğaya uygun yaşamaktı. Bu nedenle ihtiyaçlar minimuma indirilmeli, hatta kaldırılmalıydı. Bu düşüncelerine paralel olarak kendi yaşamında da hiçbir eşyaya sahip olmamış, köpeği ile birlikte bir fıçının içinde yaşamıştı. Hazırcevaplığı ve zekasıyla ilgili sayısız anekdottan en ünlüsü Büyük İskender ile aralarında geçen konuşma olmuştu: Diogenes’in ününü duyan Büyük İskender Atina’ya gittiğinde filozof ile tanışır ve kendisine yardım etmek istediğini belirterek ne istediğini sorar. Diogenes’in ünlü cevabı şöyle olur: “Gölge etme, başka ihsan istemem...” STAND OUT of MY LIGHT Diogenes, a renowned ancient philosopher, is known to have been born in the 5th century BC in Sinop and to have lived here for many years. He is one of the most controversial and criticized philosophers, because of his crazy personality.
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