GREATER MUNICIPALITY OF ANKARA Concessionaire INDEX Greater Ankara Municipality HISTORY OF ANKARA Edit and Editorial Coordinator 02 Recep Peker TANITKAN ([email protected]) Editor ANKARA WITH OLD PICTURES 04 Selma OKURO⁄LU Greater Ankara Municipality, Director of HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGES Department of Cultural and Social Affairs 08 New Trend of the Capital City “Tourism” Editorial Board ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGES As well as being the capital city, it has been home for many ‹dris TEZCAN • Ali R›za YARAR • Kiramen ÖNCEL 12 civilizations for hundreds of years and it has passed down it U¤ur BACAKSIZ • Birkan SALUVRAN MUSEUMS inherited from the history. Photography 20 Recep Peker TANITKAN Ali Fuat ULAY With this booklet, we aim to introduce unearthed natural beauty Archive of Greater Ankara Municipality BATHS and cultural heritages of the Ankara’s counties which are the (fiafak DEM‹RBAfi, Halil PALA, 37 Ufuk Okan GÜVEND‹REN) source of history by means of looking at Ankara whose INNS Ankara Provincial Cultural and Tourism Achieve touristic heritages need to be explored and which has awarded 38 Graphic Design 2009 European Prize; and thus, make Ankara have the value it MOSQUES Yusuf MEfiE (AjansTürk) deserves because of its history and make Ankara the centre of 40 Press & Binding congress, health and faith tourism. TOMBS AJANS-TÜRK Bas›n ve Bas›m A.fi 46 In this study, we have brought together the unique history, Tel: +(90) 312 278 08 24 culture, historic places and natural life of Ankara, which TRAVEL AND ENTERTAINTMENT PLACES Fax: +(90) 312 278 18 95 inherited from past, exist today and will be handed down to next 48 web: www.ajansturk.com.tr generations. Translated by TOURISM DIVERSITY IN ANKARA Baflaran Tercüme 58 Realising all these, our purpose make people imagine Ankara when they hear the name of Turkey. SYMBOLS OF ANKARA GREATER MUNICIPALITY OF ANKARA 62 All we have done, huge steps we have taken and the prizes we Department of Cultural and Social Affairs ANKARA COUSINE have been awarded are the indicator for all we have performed Hipodrom Caddesi No:5 Yenimahalle ANKARA 64 so that Ankara has life standards of the world, is more modern, Tel : +(90) 312 507 10 00 (Exchanger) GREATER ANKARA MUNICIPALITY PROJECTS contemporary and has better vision Fax : +(90) 312 507 24 11 66 Web : www.ankara.bel.tr Sincerely, ANKARA CITY MAP e-mail: [email protected] Melih GÖKÇEK 84 Mayor of Ankara HISTORY OF ANKARA HISTORY OF ANKARA Capital of Civilizations The Source of Its Name It is not known for sure where Ankara’s name originates from. According to Ankara’s destiny was designed with During ruling period of Suleyman, sayings which do not base of documents but have passed down to today, the Malazgirt battle, which resulted in Ankara’s first name was Ankryra, which was firstly given by Galatians in the the magnificent, a state organization Byzantine troops’ being defeated by history and it means hoe in Greek language. This name changed in time as was established in Anatolia and Alparslan, the Sultan of Sejukian Ancyre, Engüriye, Engürü, Angara, Angora and Ankara at the end. Ankara was one of the centres of State. After this defeat, the Ankara History this state. Ankara city was occupied city was occupied by Turks. Ankara by the insurgents who started Jelali Ankara was capital of Tektosag clan of Galatia in Hellenistic period, it was city’s being occupied by Turks is very revolts in 17th century. After being the capital of the country part during Roman period, it was somewhere important because Ankara fortress ruled by Mehmet Ali Pafla, the gov- empires stayed for a night during Byzantine period and it was the centre of had a very important position for ernor of Egypt, who rebelled against Anatolian State during Ottoman Empire. military purposes. During the ruling Mahmut II, it was occupied by Phrygians ruled Ankara region after Hittites. According to a legend from the period of G›yaseddin Keykhusrev II, Ottoman Empire again and it sources of ancient ages, Ankara was constructed by Kind Midas of Phrygia. Sultan of Seljukian State, Ankara city In excavations made in Ulus, the centre of the city, findings indicating that was invaded by Mongols and it was continued remaining under its Phrygians had lived in Ankara were obtained. After invasion of Cimmerians, could not be stopped in spite of all control as a province. which played a great role in devastation of Phrygian state, Ankara was efforts. Sultan G›yaseddin Republican Period occupied by Lydians. However, the ruling of Lydians ended after Persian KeykhusrevII took refugee in “The Representatives Association King Kyros invaded all Anatolia, including Ankara. Alexander the Great Ankara fortress from Mongols. After for Defence of Rights of Anatolia and ended the Persian’s ruling in Anatolia. After the Empire Augustus occupied this attack of Mongols, Seljuk State Rumelia, headed by Mustafa Kemal Ankara absolutely, Ankara developed as a state , and tables, market places, weakened and Anatolia was began to Atatürk, came to Ankara on waterlines were constructed thereafter. Ankara was under the rule of be controlled by Ilhanid Empire and December 27, 1919 and made a Byzantine Empire between the years 334 and 1073. During this time, then it was controlled by sons of declaration that all the parliaments Ankara was an important centre of Christianity in Anatolia. Arabs also Eretnaians. Orhan Gazi’s son were to get to gather on December occupied the city for a period of time after the raids of Sasanid Empire in VVI Suleyman Pafla occupied Ankara city 29, 1919 in Ankara. After this Century. for the Ottoman Empire in 1354. Any declaration, the centre of govern- important event did not happen until the period of Y›ld›r›m Beyaz›t. The ment of Grand National Assembly of destiny of the city changed after the Turkey which was formed on April Battle of Ankara. After Timut left 23, 1920 was Ankara. By means of a Ankara, Y›ld›r›m Beyaz›t’s son law that was made on October Mehmet Çelebi declared that he was 13,1923, Ankara city was declared sultan and occupied Ankara. as the capital city of Ankara. 2 3 Ankara With Old Pictures (From Dericizade Collection) Ankara With Old Pictures (From Dericizade Collection) Republican Period 4 5 SIGHTSEEING SIGHTSEEING An›tkabir Atatürk’s Mausoleum (An›tkabir) The Mausoleum, where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who is the founder of Republic of Turkey, the creator of Turkish revolutions, brave soldier and great leader lies, was constructed in Rasattepe. Its architectures were Prof. Dr. Emin Onat and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Orhan Arda. The Mausoleum which was started to be constructed in 1944 was completed in 1953. The corpse of Atatürk was transferred to there from his temporary tomb in Ethnography Museum in the same year. Lion Road: There are 24 sculptures of lions located on the both sides of lion road which leads visitors to Atatürk’s Mausoleum. The sculptures of guarding lions which represent power and mighty in Hittite civilization which was located in Anatolia are situated on the two sides of the lion road double in accordance with the art of Hittites. Atatürk’s museum is reached through the National Pact Tower. Atatürk’s clothes, his belongings, his awards and photographs are exhibited in the museum. Memorial Tomb- VIP Lounge: The Memorial has been constructed on a long rectangular plan and Atatük’s Tenth Year Speech is written there. VIP Lounge is the most important place of mausoleum and the memorial tomb, as a whole. Atatürk’s tomb is there. The tomb which consists of monolith colourful marble does not carry any decoration on it. The Towers in Atatürk’s Mausoleum Campus: Independence Tower, Freedom Tower, Right Defence Tower, Tower of Turkish Soldiers, Victory Tower, Tower of Peace, Tower of 23 April, National Pact Tower and Revolution Tower. 6 7 SIGHTSEEING SIGHTSEEING Historical and Cultural Heritages Ulus Republic Monument Victory Monument: The monument which takes place in Ulus square was erected in 1927 as a It is in K›z›lay on Atatürk Bulvar›. Atarük’s statue made from bronze gift of the Turkish nation to the brave soldiers of National Defence. On the which shows him standing, leaned on his sword and in uniform. It was upper part of the monument, the remark “ Armies, your first aim is made by Italian sculpture Pietro Cannonica in 1927. Mediterranean, Go forward!; Dumlup›nar,1922” is embossed. Security Monument Duatepe Monument It is in the Güven Park in K›z›lay. It was made from Ankara Stone in 1935. It is the first hill which was taken back from enemies by means of the There is the sculpture of powerful, young men facing K›z›lay, taking a stick counter attack made on September 10, 1921 by Chief Commander in his hand which represents confidence. Atatürk’s remarks “Turk! Take Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Duatepe which is in Polatl› is the starting point for pride, work and trust” is written bronze. The face of the monument which the process during which enemies were repelled until they fell in Aegean looks at Bakanl›klar, there are Atarük’s friends in Independence War and sea and which led to an illuminated period. The monument and sculptures revolution movement. were made by state artist sculpturer Metin YURDANDUR. 8 9 SIGHTSEEING SIGHTSEEING Historical and Cultural Heritages Mimar Sinan’s Monument of Turkish (Great Architect Sinan) Soldier Monument: Turkish Soldier’s monument It is in the garden of Faculty of concerning the victory of Sakarya Language, History and Geograhy. is situated on Kartaltepe beside It was made by sculpturer Hüseyin E-90 highway, 6 km away from Anka in 1956.