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From Anatolia to the New World Life Stories of the First Turkish Immigrants to America LİBRA KİTAP: 65 HISTORY: 54 © Libra Kitapçılık Ve Yayıncılık

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From Anatolia to the New World Life Stories of the First Turkish Immigrants to America LİBRA KİTAP: 65 HISTORY: 54 © Libra Kitapçılık Ve Yayıncılık From Anatolia to the New World Life Stories of the First Turkish Immigrants to America LİBRA KİTAP: 65 HISTORY: 54 © Libra Kitapçılık ve Yayıncılık Page Layout: Merhaba Grafik Cover Design: Utku Lomlu Cover Photos: Front cover: Dr. Fuad Bey guest of Ottoman Welfare Association at a tea party given in his honour at Turkish Club in New York. Source: Fuad Mehmed [Umay], Amerika'da Türkler ve Gördüklerim, İstanbul, 1341, p.18. Back cover: Dr. Fuad Bey in New York with the officers of the assembly. Source: Fuad Mehmed [Umay], Amerika'da Türkler ve Gördüklerim, İstanbul, 1341, p.24. First edition: 2013 ISBN 978-605-4326-64-8 Printing and Binding Birlik Fotokopi Baskı Ozalit ve Büro Malzemeleri Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. Şti. Nispetiye Mah. Birlik Sokak No: 2 Nevin Arıcan Plaza 34340 Levent / İstanbul Tel: (212) 269 30 00 Certificate No: 20179 Libra Kitapçılık ve Yayıncılık Ticaret A.Ş. Ebekızı Sok. Günaydın Apt. No: 9/2 Osmanbey / İstanbul Certificate No: 15705 Tel: 90- 212-232 99 04/05 Fax: 90- 212-231 11 29 E-posta: [email protected] www.librakitap.com.tr © All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from the writer, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper, or broadcast or academic publication. Rifat N. Balİ ~ From Anatolia to the New World Life Stories of the First Turkish Immigrants to America r Translated from the Turkish by Michael McGaha Biography Rifat N. Balİ was born in 1948 in İstanbul. He graduated from Sorbonne University Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in 2001. He is an independent scholar and the author of several scholary arti- cles and books which are listed in his website www.rifatbali.com. “Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free.” Oft-quoted verse from Emma Lazarus’s (1849-1887) poem “The New Colossus,” published in 1883 and inscribed on the base of the Statue of Liberty in New York T ABLE OF C ON T EN T S ABBREVIATIONS ..........................................................................................................................................................13 FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................................................15 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................................21 TURKISH PRONUNCIATION .................................................................................27 A WORD ABOUT FORMS OF ADDRESS .............................................................29 CHAPTER ONE THE IRRESISTIBLE ATTRACTION OF “IMMIGRATING TO AMERICA” ...............................................................................................................31 1. Causes – America’s Policy of Admitting Immigrants – Returnees ...........33 General Causes of Immigration and Those Peculiar to Turkey ..............33 America’s Policy of Admitting Immigrants ................................................................36 Ottoman Subjects Who Returned Home After Becoming American Citizens ..............................................................................................................................41 2. The Voyage: Ocean Travel and Ships Conditions .......................................................42 3. Arrival at Ellis Island ................................................................................................................................47 4. Conditions on Ellis Island ...................................................................................................................48 Ida Mouradjian from Cilicia Remembers Escaping from the 1915 Armenian Genocide to Ellis Island .....................................................................................54 5. Working Conditions ......................................................................................................................................57 6. The Number of Turkish Immigrants ........................................................................................58 CHAPTER TWO NON-MUSLIM TURKISH IMMIGRATION JEWISH IMMIGRANTS ..............67 1. The 1893 World Columbian Exposition and the First Ottoman Immigrants .......................................................................................................69 2. The 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair and Ottoman Immigrants ..............................76 8 | From Anatolia to the New World The Story of Lahana Bey from Izmir, Who Participated in the St. Louis World’s Fair ......................................................79 The Story of Ahmet Abdullah from Harput, Who Worked at the St. Louis Fair .......................................................................................83 3. The Causes of Emigration Compulsory Military Service ....................................89 America: The Land Where Dreams Come True ...................................................92 Other Causes ..........................................................................................................................................93 4. The Number of Immigrants ..............................................................................................................95 5. The Immigrants’ First Months in the New World ......................................................98 The First Days ..........................................................................................................................................98 The Language Barrier and Relations with Ashkenazim ..................................99 Coffeehouses and Restaurants .............................................................................................102 Connection to Turkey ..................................................................................................................104 Organizations .......................................................................................................................................109 Places of Settlement........................................................................................................................110 Turkish Immigrants in Seattle ..............................................................................................111 Turkish Immigrants in California: The Story of Hollywood Rabbi Isaac Varon from Istanbul .......................114 Turkish Jews in Hollywood .....................................................................................................117 Turkish Jews in New York ........................................................................................................124 Turkish Jews in Cincinnati .......................................................................................................126 6. Life Stories .....................................................................................................................................................127 The Story of Milas Native Albert Amateau............................................................ 127 The Story of Istanbul Native Albert Morin, a Character Actor in the Films Gone with the Wind and Casablanca ............................................................................................................................................138 The Story of Oud Virtuoso Sadaka Efendi ................................................................140 The Story of Tekirdağ Native Leon Moscatel, the California Flower King ................................................................................................................................................................141 The Story of Isidore Hattem, Millionaire from Kuzguncuk .....................143 Izmir Native Rita Cohen’s Story .........................................................................................148 The Story of Izmir Native Eli Levi, Director of Public Relations, Columbia Studios .................................................151 The Story of Izmir Native Chelebi Cardoso, Manufacturer of Ladies’ Lingerie ......................................................................................159 Table of Contents | 9 The Story of Hasköy Native Nessim, The Simit Maker of Kansas City .........................................................................................164 The Story of Ankara Native Sara Asher Crespi ...................................................167 Israel Edvar Ojalvo’s Story ........................................................................................................170 The Story of Moisés and Elie from Izmir ...................................................................171 Musa (Moris) Schinasi’s Life Story ..................................................................................175 The Armenian Immigration .................................................................................................................................192 1. Reasons for Immigration and Number of Immigrants .....................................192 2. Where They Settled ................................................................................................................................196 3. The Paths of Immigration ................................................................................................................199
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