VII. INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP on NUCLEAR STRUCTURE PROPERTIES

October 27-29, 2014

Sinop,Turkey

Sponsors

TAEK (Turkish Atomic Energy Foundation)

Sinop University

TUBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)

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Honorary Committee

Yavuz Selim KÖŞGER (Governor of Sinop)

Prof.Dr. Recep BİRCAN (President of Sinop University)

Zafer ALPER (President of TAEK)

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Scientific Committee

Prof.Dr. İhsan ULUER, Karabük University Prof.Dr. Gülsen ÖNENGÜT, Çukurova University Prof.Dr. Nurullah KUMRU, Ege University Prof.Dr. Ömer YAVAŞ, Ankara University Prof.Dr. Salim ORAK, İstanbul Commerce University Prof.Dr. Cevad SELAM, Muş Alparslan University Prof.Dr. Osman ÖZCAN, Muş Alparslan University Prof.Dr. Atalay KÜÇÜKBURSA, Dumlupınar University Prof.Dr. Saim SELVİ, Ege University Prof.Dr. Murat ÖZER, Kırklareli University Prof.Dr. Ali ÇOBAN, Kırklareli University Prof.Dr. Saleh SULTANSOY, TOBB University of Economics and Technology Prof.Dr. Osman YILMAZ, Middle East Technical University Prof.Dr. Sefa ERTÜRK, Niğde University Prof.Dr. Hasan GÜMÜŞ, Ondokuz Mayıs University Prof.Dr. Nazmi Turan OKUMUŞOĞLU, Ondokuz Mayıs University Prof.Dr. Mahmut DOĞRU, Bitlis Eren University Prof.Dr. Güneş TANIR, Gazi University Prof.Dr. Rıza OĞUL, Selçuk University Prof.Dr. Tahsin BABACAN, Celal Bayar University Prof.Dr. İsmail MARAŞ, Celal Bayar University Prof.Dr. Recep AKKAYA, Sakarya University Prof.Dr. Mustafa HALİLSOY, Doğu Akdeniz University Prof.Dr. İsmail BOZTOSUN, Akdeniz University Prof.Dr. A. Hakan YILMAZ, Karadeniz Technical University Assoc.Prof.Dr. Nihal BÜYÜKÇİZMECİ, Selçuk University Assoc.Prof.Dr. Nurettin TÜRKAN, İstanbul Medeniyet University Assoc.Prof.Dr. Harun Reşit YAZAR, Nevşehir University Assoc.Prof.Dr. Mahmut BÖYÜKATA, Çanakkale On Sekiz Mart University

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Local Organizing Committee

Assoc.Prof.Dr. C. Cüneyt ERSANLI Sinop University Assist.Prof.Dr. Tuncay BAYRAM Sinop University Assist.Prof.Dr. Serkan AKKOYUN Cumhuriyet University Assist.Prof.Dr. Necla ÇAKMAK Karabük University Assist.Prof.Dr. S. Okan KARA Niğde University Assist.Prof.Dr. Ayhan KARA Sinop University Res.Assist. Onur Rauf YILMAZ Sinop University

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Invited Speakers

Prof.Dr. Ali EKBER KULİEV (The National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan, AZERBAIJAN) Prof.Dr. Cevad SELAM (Muş Alparslan University, TURKEY) Prof.Dr. Erol ARCAKLIOGLU (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) Prof.Dr. İsmail BOZTOSUN (Akdeniz University, TURKEY) Prof.Dr. Jameel-Un NABI (Gulham Ishak Khan Institute, PAKISTAN) Prof.Dr. Osman YILMAZ (Middle East Technical University, TURKEY) Prof.Dr. Takhmasib M. ALİEV (Middle East Technical University, TURKEY) Dr. Lorenzo FORTUNATO (Padova University, ITALY) Salih SARI (The Republic of Turkey The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Turkey)

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Sinop: Land of Secret Treasures cultures. It’s fascinated with its both natural and cultural richness.

There is a peninsula in this fascinating peninsula, A town at the end of Turkey on the north, named Sinop. Sinop peninsula has a smaller When I came Sinop at first time, the road of the town was peninsula named Boztepe Peninsula. Boztepe Peninsula is lost, as if it couldn’t be reached. The bus was floating in sea connected with a narrow land bridge to Sinop Peninsula. of green on the mountains.. There was only serenity in this There is a town whose name is same as name of the forgetten landscape. All tones of green covered the peninsula: Sinop, or Sinope in English. mountain. It was spring, and be sure I don’t mention about first ages of the humankind. I saw a town at the end of that endless road. The road was ended in Sinop and Sinop looked like a far end of the land and friend of the sea. It was just nine years ago and the road I mentioned is more alone nowadays! New road of Sinop is crossing the mountains by a tunnel, so the old and hard road on the montains was put in memoirs. The old road I used in first visit to Sinop in 2005 was the main road. It connected Sinop to rest of Turkey. You had to be patient to travel on this route! The second route to Sinop comes from eastern part of town, from the direction of Samsun. There was also hard mountain pass on this route.

These two routes and the other one, which comes from western side and still terrible, were ended Sinop. So, as A view from Sinop (Photo: Alpay Tırıl). you understand, Sinop was not a Rome where every road meets each other. Sinop is still at the end of land, not on main routes. It is bordered by unpassible mountains, maybe Greek mythology said that, Zeus, main god of it’s best to say prisoned between unpassible mountains and ancient Greek pantheon, had loved a beautiful Godess the Black Sea. The condition of unaccessiblity had been Sinope. She wanted from Zeus to keep her virginity. Zeus building Sinop. The reason why this small town and its accepted and put her in a special and beautiful landscape. environs are unurbanized, unindustrialized, on the other Guess where Zeus put Godess Sinope in? hand sacred and secret…

Sinop have been a sea town during the history. The mountains sealed, it was not passible. That’s why Sinop was isolated from Anatolia. This isolation made the city as an exile place and prisoner. In addition that The Crimean War (1853-1856) was influnced the city negatively. The road connections of Sinop has been developing for a few years. The other important step is the possibility of air transportation. Those kinds of transportation advantages help Sinop to become a new touristic destination in Turkish tourism market. Sinop is really excited domestic tourists due to most of the Turks haven’t seen and even known Sinop. It was unknown geography, an isolated small town for centuries even in Turkey! And suddenly a soap opera, was broadcasted a few years in a Turkish television channel, which had filmed in historical Sinop prison that was brought Sinop to most of the house in Turkey: There was a secret, small town in Turkey; secret town and sacred nature near it! I said “a kingdom by the sea” for Sinop as an famous poem says somewhere else in dreamland. As a result, Sinop became an important destination in Turkish tourism market. People would like to know what Sinop looks like?.. Would you like to know what Sinop looks like?.. Head of Godess Sinope in Sinop Museum (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).

A marvellous peninsula in a marvellous peninsula One Province, Two World Anatolia is a peninsula among old continental world, so it has been a bridge for all kind of plants, animals, people and Sinop Province, where on the north of Turkey and coast of Black Sea, is one of the smallest provinces of 6

Turkey. The morphology of the province is mostly Sinop City mountaned and population density is lower. Northern Sinop is one of the important towns of ancient word. The Anatolian Mountain Range is laid paralel wall to Black Sea, history of the town is very old but not that clear. Its name seperates northern and southern part of province. This was Sinuwa in Hittite tablets. But it is not clear Sinuwa is in seperation is not only geographical, also cultural. Southern completly same place in modern Sinop. The town was part of the mountains belongs to terrestrial Anatolia about colonized by Miletus, an Ionian city state on Aegean Coast cultural aspects. Northern part of mountains has different in seventh century BC. Sinop had been important port town cultural structure. during the ancient period. Most walls of the actual Sinop There are three counties of the province, Boyabat, Castle are from this period. Durağan and Saraydüzü in this southern part. Geography, Diogenes of Sinope, famous cynic philosopher plant cover and culture of this part are different from coastal borned in Sinop in ancient era. It is estimated that he was zone. Boyabat is the biggest town of this zone. It is brick born in 413 BC and died in 324. He went to Athens with his industry center. Gökırmak River that one of the creek of the father when he was a child. He is most known representative longest river of Turkey, Kızılırmak which flows in this zone. of cynics. There is a statue of him in Sinop. Because of that Gökırmak Plain is an important rice fields.

Northern part of the mountains has been in the influence of the sea as biological and cultural. But due to disadvantages of transportation during the history, that part of the province has not been developed economically. This condition caused to immigration. Fishery, agriculture and forestry have been important economic activities of this part during the history. Sinop is an important fishery center in Turkey today. Sinop, Erfelek, Ayancık, Türkeli, Gerze and Dikmen are counties of the province in this part. The new road which passes the mountain wall by a tunnel connected two side of the province easily. And the airport was opened for domestic flights again. So accesibility of Sinop city become easier for last 5-6 years. The aim of the Sinop is to develop tourism and become a university town. Some Landscapes From Sinop Sinop has a lot of impressive landscapes. It is possible to see in photographs of them on different web sites. Most of them is important for biodiversity. Some of them are combined with historical landscapes. Diogenes Statue in Sinop (Photo: Alpay Tırıl). There are a lot of Mediterranean trees, shrubs and other plant live in Sinop. This fact is amazing and makes more important to Sinop. Another important figure of ancient era from Sinop There are lots of impressive mountain vistas, is Pontus King Mithridates Eupator (120-63 BC). He coastal vistas, forests, valleys, highlands, caves, waterfalls, stopped Rome Empire in Anatolia for a while. lakes and ponds, wetlands, dunes, rockies, castles, Ancient Sinop is in beneath the modern city. Some rockthombs in the province. I can mention just a few places ruins can be seen on the land as walls of castle, ancient following… Serapis Temple, Balats site including a church, cisterns etc. You can see archeological objects in Sinop Archeological Museum. Serapis Temple, was excavated, is in Sinop Archeological Museum’s garden. Temple and its environ was used cemetery for Muslims. You can also see most of the gravestones of Seljukian and Ottoman period. Museum has a good collection include sculptures, tombs, coins, mosaics, Orthodox icons and different daily life objects from ancient era. The second museum is Sinop is Etnographic Museum in an Ottoman mansion. Many civilizations lived in Sinop before Turkish era like Cimmerians, Lydians, Greeks, Persians. Turkish first had Sinop in 1084. Sinop is a part of Seljukian Turkish State in 1214. Seljukian built a keep in the castle in 1214. Ottoman Empire had the city in 1461.

Sinop was an important shipyard center before and A view from Sinop Castle (Photo: Alpay Tırıl). during Turkish sovereignty until Paris Convention in 1856.

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Shipyard was in Seljukian keep. Russian navy attacked to Ottoman navy in Sinop harbour in 1853. Ottoman navy defeated. Russian ship bombed the town. This happen was the start of sharp declining of Sinop. Ottoman, Britain, France and Sardinia fought against to Russia. At the and of war, Ottoman Empire closed shipyards in Black Sea by Paris Convention in 1856. It was the end of burnt Sinop! You can see the fountain built in memory of Ottoman naval martyries in Tersane district of town and martyrdom in the garden of Archeological Museum. The other marks of war are artilliries and cannon balls which are in Archeological Museum in Sinop. You can also visit old artillery batteries named “Paşa Tabyaları”. After Paris Convention ended Sinop shipyard in Seyit Bilal Mosque and historical cemetery (Photo: Alpay Tırıl). keep, the prison was built there that would be famous and called “Sinop Historical Prison” in 1887. The prisoner in keep used in nearly 110 years. Some authors, poets, Sinop Castle is the canditate for UNESCO World journalist, who were dissidents, lived in Sinop in late Heritage! Ottoman and early republic period. Some of them were prisoner in prison, most of them were exile in Sinop town. There lots of memoirs, letters, stories, novels and poems from them in modern Turkish literature. Sinop Historical Prison is most known and visited touristic place of Sinop. Please don’t leave from Sinop without visit historical prison. You will see only stone walls and iron bars! Listen them carefully!

A view from Sinop Castle (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).

İnceburun İnceburun is the northest point of Turkey. There is a light house on foreland. Serenity and maybe dolphins are waiting for you there. I advice you to watch sunset in a clear weather in İnceburun. If it is not possible, watch sunset in Kumkapı An exhibition and a lecture in Sinop Historical Prison. One of old in city center, on the wall on castle. political prisoners and poet Sezai Sarıoğlu is talking about Sinop prison where he stayed (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).

There ara many historical buildings in the town. One of them is Balatlar excavation area. It is a part of ancient Sinop. You can see the chapel in this complex. Seyit Bilal, an Islamic complex which contains mosque and Muslim cemetery, is on the hill of town. The best Vista point of Sinop is on top of Seyit Bilal, in Boztepe. You can see the whole of town and two sides of the sea from there. Some mosques, walls of castle, historical library building, old houses, handcrafts bazaar in historical madrasa, village baazar in the central bazaar are the other visiting places in the town. Light House in İnceburun (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).

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Erfelek Waterfalls Erfelek forests are yellowed in these days. My favorite tree in these forests is beach. Autumn in Erfelek forests also means chestnut time. Taste it! There are waterfalls more than twenty in Erfelek. Please notice there a picnic place and nature walking. Take care of damp stones!

İnaltı Cave in Ayancık (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).

Gerze Gerze is another nice coastal town in Sinop. Visit Yakupağa Mansion and sculpture of a special cock of Gerze named “Hacıkadı Cock”. Sarıkum The most important nature protection area of Sinop. The site consists lake, forest, dunes and beach. You can see four different ecosytem types in a small ares. Good for birdwatching and walking in the forest. Don’t missed in the forest!

A view from Erfelek waterfalls (Photo: Alpay Tırıl)

Çangal Mountain Another good forest is in Çangal Mountain, in back of Ayancık. There is an artificial lake named Akgöl on the mountain. Also İnaltı Cave is near there. Take care of bear! By the way, Ayancık is a nice coastal town. A view from Sarıkum Lake (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).

Hamsilos A good looking small bay. There are thousands of that kind of bays in Mediterannean and Aegean coast of Turkey. Bu there is not the second one on Black Sea Coasts!

Akliman A Long beach. Be careful about rip flow if you swim there.

Boyabat Castle Crown of Boyabat Town! It sees all valley and plain. But do A view from Akgöl, Ayancık (Photo: Alpay Tırıl). not suppose that you can reach clouds when you go there! There is tunnel, which goes down stream, to bottom of mountain. Hold railing and be careful if you would like to cross this tunnel! 9

Boyabat Castle (Photo: Alpay Tırıl). Famous Turkish Poet Ahmet Muhip Dıranas built a wood house in his fathers village in Erfelek mountains (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).

Boyabat Basalt Rocks

These beautiful rock formations are in an important nature park. I special thanks to my dear colleague, English Lecturer of Sinop University, Işık Dağdeviren to edit my awful English

in this text.

Assist. Prof. Dr. Alpay TIRIL Sinop University School of Tourism and Hotel Management (Sinop, October 16-17, 2014)

Basalt Rocks in Boyabat (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).

Ahmet Muhip Dıranas This name does not refere a place! He is very famous Turkish poets who is originally from Sinop. He lived between 1908-1980. By the way, if you go to Erfelek, visit his father’s village and see poet’s wood house there. İt is in marvellous forest.

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INVITED TALKS

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Fine Structure and Nature of Pygmy Dipol Resonance in Well Deformed Nuclei

Ali GULİYEV

The National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan, Bina-1045 Baku, Azerbaijan

Email: [email protected]

In present lecture the E1 response of the pygmy dipole resonance (PDR) in deformed nuclei below the nucleon threshold was studied. By now, there have been several calculations dealing with PDR excitations in a number of deformed nuclei. No systematic study on a number of well deformed nuclei in the energy range up to the particle threshold has been performed so far. The results presented have been obtained using he model described in [1]. Here, by selecting suitable separable effective forces, the translational and Galilean invariance are restored for the calculation of E1 excitations without introducing additional parameters. The model permit a direct comparison with experimental dipole strength distributions deduced from (,). The numerical calculations have been carried out for the even-even semi-magic N=82 nuclei with moderate deformation and well deformed rare earth and actinide isotope susing method developed in [1]. For semi-magic N=82 nuclei we use deformed mean field basis for proton system. This study aims to calculate the B(E1) strength distributions and the dependence of the EWSR and NEWSR of B(E1) value on the N/Z forthe PDR mode. Especially strength properties of the pygmy dipole resonance are investigated and discussed their contribution to the 6-9MeV energy region. In this energy region calculation predicts spin-flip M1 resonances with K=0 and K=1. Indeed their summed width is two order weak than the summed width of the 1- states forming PDR at this energy region and shown smoothly background and do not concurrences with PDR. Analysis shows that the models which use the Hamiltonian with broken translational symmetry over estimate about 20% the EWSR of E1 strength and the 1- states are weakly collective in energy region of PDR. Besides we observe that in deformed nuclei, apart from the isovector dipole–dipole interactions, the presence of the effective restoring forces in the Hamiltonian causes the splitting of the some states forming GDR with large B(El) strengths in to more levels and changes the distribution of the summed B(El) value at the entire spectrum over 6 MeV.

References

1. E.Guliyev, A.Kuliev, M.Guner Cent. Eur. J. Phys. 8(6) (2010) 961-969

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Çekirdek Fiziğinde Pyatov Yöntemi ve Uygulamaları

Cevad SELAM

Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi, İİBF, İşletme Bölümü, Muş, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Atom çekirdekleri çok parçacıklı bir sistem olduğu için (parçacık sayısı üçten fazla olan çekirdekler) bu sistemin hareket denkleminin kesin olarak çözülmesi mümkünsüzdür. Diğer taraftan atom çekirdeklerindeki parçacık sayısı istatistik yöntemin kullanılması için de yeterli değildir. Bu nedenle çekirdek fiziğinde ortalama alan potansiyeli yöntemi kullanılmağa başlanmıştır. Söz konusu mikroskobik yöntemle çekirdeğin birçok özellikleri açıklana bilmiştir. Bu model özellikle çekirdekteki kolektif uyarma spektrumundaki Dev Rezonansların izah edilmesinde başarılı olmuştur. Fakat Dev Rezonansların izahı için çekirdek Hamilton operatörüne etkin etkileşme teriminin eklenmesi gerekir ki, bu da en azından bir tane ilave parametrenin varlığına neden olur.

1970'li yıllarda Rus bilim adamı N.I. Pyatov ve arkadaşları yeni bir yöntem geliştirdiler [1-3]. Bu yönteme göre çekirdek spektrumundaki Dev Rezonansların izahı için Hamilton operatörüne ilave edilen etkin etkileşme teriminin içerdiği güç parametresi serbest parametre olmaktan çıkar ve onun değeri öz uyumlu bir biçimde teoriye dayanılarak bulunur.

Bu çalışmada Pyatov yöntemi orijinal bir biçimde anlatılacak ve söz konusu yöntemin başarıyla uygulandığı alanlardan (Dev Elektrik Dipol Rezonansı, Dev Manyetik Dipol Rezonansı, İsobar Analog Rezonans vb gibi) söz edilecektir.

Kaynaklar

1. Gabrakov S.I. , Kuliev A.A. and Pyatov N.I., Iπ=1+ States in even-even deformed nuclei, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys., 12, 82, 1970

2. Kuliev A.A. and Pyatov N.I., Iπ=1+ States and their contributions to the isoscalar E2- resonance, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys., 20, 297, 1971

3. Pyatov N.I. and Salamaov J.I., Conservation laws and collective excitations in nuclei, Nucleonica, 22, 127, 1977

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Contribution of Akdeniz University to Experimental Nuclear Physics Research and Application in Turkey: The Results of First Photonuclear Reaction and Photofission

İsmail BOZTOSUN1,2,*

1Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Antalya, Turkey

2Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Nükleer Bilimler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, Antalya, Turkey

http://nukleer.akdeniz.edu.tr

Email: [email protected]

By using an electron accelerator with 18 MeV electron beam energy and gamma rays available in Akdeniz University Nuclear Sciences Application and Research Center, we have contributed to many nuclear physics research fields in Turkey such as agriculture and foodstuffs, engineering sciences, health and medicine as well as research and development studies. In this talk, I will present our recent results on (훾, 푛) and (훾, 푝) photo-nuclear reactions and photo-fission of heavy nuclei such as Thorium, Uranium and Americium. It should be noted that these results were performed for the first time in Turkey by our scientist, machinery and equipment as well as locally prepared targets at Akdeniz University.

* On behalf of the members of Akdeniz Üniversitesi Nükleer Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi.

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Stellar U1F Beta Decay Rates for R-Process Calculations

Jameel-Un NABI

Faculty of Engineering Sciences, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology, Pakistan

Email: [email protected][email protected]

In astrophysica lenvironments, allowed Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions are important, particularly for β-decay rates in presupernova evolution of massive stars, since they contribute to the fine-tuning of the lepton-to-baryon content of the stellar matter prior to and during the collapse of a heavy star. In environments where GT transitions are unfavored, first-forbidden transitions become important especially in medium heavy and heav ynuclei. Particularly in case of neutron-rich nuclei, first-forbidden transitions are favored primarily due to the phase-space amplification for these transitions. In this work the total β-decay half-lives and the first-forbidden β-decay rates for a number of neutron-rich nickel isotopes, 72-78Ni, are calculated using the proton-neutron quasi-particle random phasea pproximation (pn- QRPA) theory for the first time in stellar matter. The pn-QRPA results agree reasonably well with experiments.

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Nuclear Energy Agenda of Turkey and ATMEA1 Design

Salih SARI

The Republic of Turkey The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Ankara, Turkey

www.enerji.gov.tr

Email: [email protected]

Turkey attaches importance to diversification in energy supply sources and technologies for improving security of supply and for decreasing the risks emerging from dependency to imported fuels. Enabling and fostering integration of nuclear energy to the energy system is also an important aspect of our energy policies. In this context, Turkey has initiated extensive programme on nuclear power that includes three NPPs in short and medium terms.

In this presentation, I will give a brief information about current status of nuclear power in the world and plans for new nuclear reactors worldwide, main reasons for selection of nuclear energy by Turkey, nuclear power plant projects and ATMEA1 design selected for Sinop nuclear power plant, respectively.

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Nuclear Instabilities and Baryon Density Correlation Functions

Osman YILMAZ

PhysicsDepartment, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

The neutron stars resulted from the gravitational collapse of a massive star are composed of matter at (1 5)0 densities, but the density in the crust of neutron star is about (0.3 0.5)0 . Liquid-gas mixture can exist at very low temperatures (0.5 MeV) in the crusts of neutron star and at 5-10 MeV temperatures in supernovae. Such hot nuclear matter is observed in heavy-ion.

Hot nuclear matter occuring just after the heavy-ion collisions expands and cools down to have sub-saturation densities. At a critical density and temperature that is called the spinodal region (domain of negative in compressibility and of mechanically instability of uniform matter), the spinodal instabilities grow fast and nuclear matter breaks into several massive fragments that is to be expected a signal of the liquid-gas phase transition of nuclear matter. Observations point the existence of a liquid-gas phase transition for nuclear system at densities below the saturation density and at low temperatures.

Bary on density correlation functions of hot nuclear matter in the spinodal region are improved at different temperatures and densities in a stochastic mean-field approach. They will allow us to obtain more accurate information about the condensation mechanism and early evolution of liquid-gas phase transformation of nuclear matter.

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Comparison of Quantum Shape Phase Transitions in Even and Odd Nuclei

Lorenzo FORTUNATO

University of Padova, Deparment of PhysicsandAstronomy, Padova, Italy

Email: [email protected]

I will review the history and development of the concepts of critical point symmetries and shape phase transitions in low-energy nuclear physics. Shape phase transitions in even-even and odd-even systems are treated with the Interacting Boson Model (IBM) and the Interacting Boson Fermion Model (IBFM) respectively and compared with collective geometric models based on the solution of the Bohr hamiltonian. The theoretical predictions are put into perspective with the experimental measurments. The most important signatures of shape phase transitions are discussed. In particular, I will talk about the case of a fermion (sitting in one or more single particle orbitals) coupled to an even-even bosonic core that undergoes a transition from the spherical limit to the deformed limit. The role of the additional particle on the energy spectrum and electromagnetic decays will be discussed as well as the role of the finite number of particles. Ground- and excited beta- and gamma-bands are treated with the formalism of intrinsic states, that allows to calculate potential energy surfaces (PES) and other properties of nuclei.

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VERBAL PRESENTATIONS

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Ağır İyon Reaksiyonlarında Çoklu Parçalanma (Multi Fragmantasyon = MF)

Ali TUTAY

İ.Ü. Fen Fakültesi Fizik Bölümü, İstanbul, Turkey Email: [email protected]

1980’ lere kadar,çekirdek veya ağır iyon reaksiyonları sonucu oluşan bileşik çekirdek, iki büyük parçaya ayrılır olarak bilinirdi. 1980’lerin başında Gross (1), eğer bileşik çekirdeğin (compond nucleus) ısısı 5 MeV ise çoklu parçalanma olabileceği teorisini ileriye sürmüştür. Daha sonraki yıllarda yapılan deneylerde,yüksek enerjilerde özelikle nükleon başına 20 MeV/Ave daha üstü değerlerdebileşik çekirdeğiniki değil en az üç büyük parçaya ayrıldığı kanıtlanmıştır.Bu çalışmada bahsedilen deneyler tanıtılarak, farklı enerjilerde ağır iyon reaksiyonlarında meydana gelebilecek bileşik çekirdek parçalanmaları ve reaksiyonları üzerinde durulacaktır.

Deneyler üç enerji aralığına göre sınıflandırılabilir. Bunlar:

1- Eğer mermi enerjisi Em ≤ 10 MeV/A ise bileşik çekirdekte buharlaşma, füzyon (2) ve derin in-elastik bozunuma meydana gelir.

2- Eğer mermi enerjisi Em ≥10 MeV/A ise reaksiyon; füzyon, tam olmayan füzyon ve ikiye parçalanmış çekirdek şeklinde gerçekleşir;

3- Eğer mermi enerjisi Em ≥20 MeV/A olursa bu takdirde reaksiyon artık çoklu parçalanma şeklinde gerçekleşir (MF) (3,4) Berlin Hahn Metiner Enstitüsünde 1991-1994 yılları arasında yapılan deneyde ise o günün şartlarında en yüksek seviye olan 960 MeV (30 MeV/A)’ lik yüksek enerjili 32S + 58Ni reaksiyonu ile çoklu parçalanmanın analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarındabileşik çekirdeğin ısısı (T) aşağıdaki yöntemlerle hesaplanmıştır:

1- İki orta ağırlıklı çekirdek arasındaki dağılımdan (Intermediate Mass Fragment = IMF) 2- Bir IMF ile bir α parçacığı arasındaki dağılımdan 3- Bir ağır parçacık ile α parçacığı arasındaki dağılımda Reaksiyonun parçalanma zamanının belirlenmesi için de iki IMF (Li, Be, B, C) arasındaki hız dağılımı hesapları yapılmıştır.

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Tau Leptonun Anomal Momentlerinin Lineer Çarpıştırıcılarda İncelenmesi

Alper BİLLUR

Cumhuriyet University, Department of Physics, Sivas, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Tau leptonun anomal elektromanyetik momentleri Standat Model ve Standart Model ötesi yeni fiziğin araştırılmasında önemli rol oynar. Bu çalışmada lineer çarpıştırıcılarda çift tau üretiminde eşdeğer foton yaklaşımıyla tau leptonun elektromanyetik momentlerine getirilebilecek sınırlar tartışılmıştır. Gerek anomal manyetik momente gerekse elektrik momente bugünkü deneysel sınırlara kıyasla kuvvetli sınırlar getirilebileceği gösterilmiştir.

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Alfa Bombardımanı ile 68Ga, 67Ga, 68Ge ve 65Zn Üretiminin Teorik Çalışması

İsmail Hakkı SARPUN1, Asiye GÜROL2

1Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Afyon, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Bu çalışmada, teşhis ve tedavi amaçlı kullanılan radyoizotopların; 68Ga, 67Ga, 68Ge ve 65Zn radyoizotopları Zn doğal elementi hedef olarak kullanılması ile (a,x) reaksiyonu radyoizotop üretimi incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar EXFOR kütüphanesinden alınan deneysel veriler ile teorik hesaplama sonuçlarının birleştirerek reaksiyon tesir kesitleri grafikleri sunulmuştur.

The Theoretical Study of Production of 68 Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga and 65Zn with alpha bombardment

In this study, use of the radioisotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes; 68Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga and 65Zn, by using Zn natural element as a target, (a, x) reaction were investigated for radioisotope production. EXFOR results obtained with the experimental data taken from a library of simulation results are presented graphically combining the reaction cross section.

22

Resonance Measurements with the ALICE Detector at the LHC

A. KARASU UYSAL (for the ALICE Collaboration)

KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey

Email:[email protected]

Hadronic resonances are extremely short-lived particles (cτ~fewfm/c), which provide a unique tool for the study of the properties of hot and dense matter produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Modification of the production rates and the in-medium properties of hadronic resonances can be used as signatures of a possible phase transition of nuclear matter to a deconfined state of quarks and gluons. This talk will summarize the first resonance measurements from the ALICE detector at LHC in pp collisions at √s = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV and Pb−Pb collisions at √sNN= 2.76 TeV. Measured mass, width, transverse momentum and yield of resonances as a function of transverse momentum will be reported together with the theoretical studies from the statistical−thermal model.

23

Natural Radyoactivity in Soils of The Eastern Counties in Samsun, Turkey

AYDAN ALTIKULAÇ1, HASAN GÜMÜŞ2

1Ondokuz Mayıs University, School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey 2Ondokuz MayısUniversity, Science & Arts Faculty, Physics Department, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey

Email:[email protected]

Natural radioactive materials under certain conditions can reach hazardous levels. So, it becomes necessary to study the natural radioactivity levels in soil to assess the dose for population in order to know the health risks and to have a baseline for the future changes in the environmental radioactivity. In this study the mean radioactivity concentration of nuclides 238U, 232Th and40K in soil samples from east provinces of Samsun were measured by using with an NaI(Tl) detector. The mean activity concentrations of measured radionuclides were found 36,34 Bq/kg, 41,43 Bq/kg, 377,28 Bq/kg, respectively. The calculated absorbed dose rate in the air, annual effective dose and internal hazard index were 57,30 nGyh-1, 71,22 μSv/y and 0,31, respectively. Also the mean activity concentrations were compared within ternationally recommended values.

24

Test of the Landau’s Level Density Formula in the Region of Discrete and S-wave Neutron Resonance Energies

A. ELMAS1, H. AHMADOV1, B. GÖNÜL1

1Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey

Email:[email protected]

In this work, the reliability of Landau expression for the nuclear level density is checked, as a first time, to describe nuclear level density at excitations corresponding to the discrete and s-wave neutron resonance energy levels. Our comparison with the related data for discrete levels has shown that the results obtained by the present model are remarkably better than those of BSFG and CT models. The minimazing method is used in the fitting procedure of model prescriptions to the experimental data for the two suggested energy range of discrete levels given by RIPL-3 and nuclear level density parameterization systematics of [1]. Additionally, the s-wave neutron resonance level density is included to test the model fitting to the experimental data from discrete to unbound levels. The related works are in progress. The completed comparison results will be discussed in detail during the workshop.

25

Extracted collective enhancement factors of the nuclear level density

B. CANBULA1,*, R. BULUR1, D. CANBULA1, H. BABACAN1

1Department of Physics, Celal Bayar University, 45140, Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Nuclear level density is one of the key ingredients required for the cross-section calculations with the statistical theory of nuclear reactions. One of the most serious deficiencies of the existing level density models is how to describe the first few excited states of nuclei, which are literally known to arise from the collective motion of the nucleons.

Recently, we have proposed a new expression for the energy dependence of the nuclear level density parameter, including collective effects[1]. This method also enables us to extract the collective enhancement factors of both vibrational and rotational effects from the ratio of the total level density to the non-vibrational or non-rotational level densities. Extracted energy dependence of the collective enhancement factors and comparison with the existing methods in the literature will be presented. Finally, success of this method in describing the low-lying collective states will be discussed.

*This work was supported by the Turkish Science and Research Council (TÜBİTAK) under Grant No. 112T566. Bora Canbula acknowledges the support through TÜBİTAK PhD Program fellowship BİDEB-2211 Grant.

26

The Analysis of ParticleYields in High EnergyCollisions Using Thermal Model Approach

Ç. YAŞAR1, A. KARASU UYSAL2

1Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey 2KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey

Email:[email protected]

The particle production in both elementary and relativistic heavy-ion collisions has been successfully described by the statistical-thermal model. The comparison of experimental data in the LHC energies and the model results has made possible to define the thermodynamic parameters of strongly interacting matter at chemical freeze-out point. This has lead the phase diagram of the hadronic matter to be understood. In this work, the hadron yields in elementary and heavy-ion collisions and the associated thermal variables have been produced by using the analysis tool THERMUS. The relations between the center of mass energy and two basic statistical-thermal parameters, chemical freeze-out temperature and baryon chemical potential, are also determined in the frame of this study.

27

Investigation of the Magnetic Dipole Strength in Odd-Mass Deformed Nuclei: 163Dy and 167Er

E. TABAR1, H. YAKUT1, A.A. KULİEV2 and E. GULİYEV3

1 Sakarya University, PhysicsDepartment, Sakarya, Turkey

2 TheNationalAviation Academy of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan

3StateAgency on NuclearandRadiological Activity Regulation, Ministry of EmergencySituations, Baku, Azerbaijan

Email: [email protected]

Excitation energies, reduced transition possibilities B(M1) and also the ground-state magnetic properties such as eff. magnetic moment (µ), intrinsic magnetic moment (gK), effective spin factor (gs ) are the fundamental characteristics of the odd-mass nucleus and provide key information to understand nuclear structure. In this study, the ground state magnetic properties as well as the low-lying magnetic dipole (M1) characteristics of odd-mass deformed nuclei have been studied using a separable Hamiltonian within the Quasiparticle-Phonon Nuclear Model (QPNM). In this study, for the first time the effective isoscalar and isovector forces have been used and the analytical expressions have been derived for odd mass nuclei in order to restore the broken rotational symmetry of the single particle Hamiltonian. The calculations were performed for odd-mass 163Dy and 167Er nuclei. The single-particle energies and wave functions were computed by using the deformed axially symmetric Woods-Saxon potential. It has been found that there is a strong fragmentation of the M1 strength in the investigated odd nuclei and the result are in a good agreement with the experimental NRF data in 2-4 MeV. The calculations show that the ground state structures of the investigated isotopes have dominantly one-quasiparticle character and the contribution of quasiparticle-phonon admixtures to the ground states of these nuclei are very small (less than about 1%). However, the amount of the quasiparticle phonon admixtures increases with the rising excitation energy.

28

Shell Model Description of 111,113,115Sn

E. DİKMEN1, O. OZTURK1

1Department of Physics, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey

Email:[email protected]

We reconstruct the single-shell states and the corresponding matrix elements needed for describing mid-heavy odd- even Sn isotopes within sdgh major shell in the framework of the nuclear shell model. We implement an exact truncation based on the occurrence of only certain Young diagrams in building the multi-shell model states. This truncation allows us to calculate the coefficient of fractional parentage (CFP) for mid-heavy Sn isotopes by reducing the calculation requirements. Then, we have carried out the shell model calculations for 111,113,115Sn by using CD-Bonn two-body effective nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction. We compare the calculated low-lying spectra of 111,113,115Sn isotopes to the experimental ones.

29

Low-energy modes in atomic nuclei

E. YÜKSEL1, E. KHAN2, K. BOZKURT1

1Physics Department, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey

2Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Universite Paris-Sud, IN2P3-CNRS, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France

Email: [email protected]

The low-energy monopole and dipole responses are investigated in doubly magic nuclei using a self-consistent Skyrme HF+RPA model. The formation and behavior of the low-energy monopole and dipole strengths are studied using the transition densities as well as the collectivity of the excitations. It is shown that the transition densities display different behavior in both low-energy monopole and dipole responses when compared with the high-energy modes of the nuclei. In addition, the low-energy monopole strength mainly displays pure single particle excitations which can be used to analyse the splitting of the corresponding spin-orbit partners.

30

16O+16O Sisteminde Alfa Kümelenme Yöntemi ile Füzyon ve S-Faktör Hesaplamaları

Gökhan KOÇAK1

1Erciyes University, Deparment of Physics, Kayseri, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Bu çalışmada, 16O+16O sistemi için Coulomb bariyeri civarındaki ve altındaki enerjilerde elastik saçılma açısal dağılımı, füzyon tesir kesiti ve S-faktör hesaplamaları eş zamanlı olarak yapılmıştır. Bu gözlenebilirleri açıklayabilmek için optik model çerçevesinde mikroskobik alfa-alfa çift-katlı kümelenme modeli ve fenomenolojik sığ potansiyeller yüzey hassasiyetine sahip sanal potansiyeller ile birlikte kullanılmıştır. Wood-Saxons tipi sığ potansiyellerin açıklayamadığı deneysel data, alfa-kümelenme yapısına sahip olduğu varsayılan 16O çekirdeğinin kullanıldığı mikroskobik alfa-alfa kümelenme potansiyeli çok iyi bir şekilde açıklanmıştır.

31

Nükleer Seviye Yoğunluk Parametresinin Reaksiyon Tesir Kesitlerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

H. PEKDOĞAN1, İ.SARPÜN2, A. AYDIN1

1Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Kırıkkale, Turkey

2Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Afyon, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Nükleer seviye yoğunluğu bilgisi, reaktör fiziğinde istatistiksel hesaplamaların yapılmasında, astrofizikte, ağır iyon çarpışmalarının incelenmesinde ve reaksiyon tesir kesitlerinin hesaplanmasında önemli bir rol oynar. Nükleer enerji seviye yoğunluğu hem parçacığın anlaşılması hem de çeşitli reaksiyonlarda gamma ışını yayınlanması için önemli bir fiziksel niceliktir. Seviye yoğunluk parametre terimleri genellikle uyarılma enerjisi ile birlikte nükleer seviye yoğunluğunun değişiminin tanımlanmasında kullanılır.

Bu çalışmada, nükleer seviye yoğunluk parametresinin fisyon reaksiyonlarında tesir kesitine olan etkileri incelenecektir. Literatürdeki başlıca seviye yoğunluk modellerinin ve bu modellerde seviye yoğunluk parametresinin U-235(g,f) reaksiyonun tesir kesitlerine etkileri TALYS bilgisayar kodu kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen teorik veriler ile deneysel reaksiyon tesir kesitleri karşılaştırılmıştır.

32

190,191,192Os İzotoplarının Manyetik Dipol Özelliklerinin Araştırılması

H. Qulıyev1, E. Tabar1, H. Yakut1, M. Güner1, A.A. Kulıev2and E. Gulıyev3

1 Sakarya University, PhysicsDepartment, Sakarya, Turkey

2 TheNationalAviation Academy of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan

3StateAgency on Nucl. andRadio. Activity Reg.,Ministry of EmergencySituations, Baku, Azerbaijan

Email: [email protected]

Bu çalışmada 190,191,192Os izotoplarının manyetik dipol (M1) özellikleri dönme değişmez Kuazi parçacık Rasgele Faz Yaklaşımı (QRPA) ve Kuazi parçacık-Fonon Nükleer Model (QPNM ) çerçevesinde araştırılmıştır. İlk olarak 191Os izotopu için taban-durum manyetik momenti (µ), gK ve gs faktörleri QPNM metodu kullanılarak hesaplanmış ve deneysel manyetik moment ile karşılaştırılarak nükleon-nükleon etkileşim parametresi χ=30/A MeV belirlenmiştir. 191 190,192 Daha sonra Os ve Os çekirdeklerinin spektrokopik enerji bölgesindeki M1 uyarılmalarının ωi enerjileri, B(M1) geçiş ihtimalleri ve (M1) seviye genişlikleri teorik olarak hesaplanarak mevcut deneysel verilerle karşılaştırılmıştır. 190,192Os çekirdeklerinin NRF deney verileriyle teorik sonuçların kısmen uyum içerisinde olduğu görülmüştür. Tek 191Os çekirdeğine ait mevcut bir deneysel veri bulunmamaktadır ve ilk kez bu çalışmada teorik olarak M1 seviyelerinin varlığı öngörülmüştür. Ayrıca teorik sonuçlar 191Os çekirdeğinin M1 seviye yapısının çift-çift 190Os kor çekirdeğine göre daha iyi ayrıştığını ve B(M1) gücünün daha küçük değerler aldığını göstermiştir.

33

An Investigation of the Effects of the Level Density Models on the Fission Reaction Calculations for Some Actinides

İ. SENCAR1, B. CANBULA1,*, H. BABACAN1

1Department of Physics, Celal Bayar University, 45140, Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Nuclear fission process has been occurred where by the nucleus has the deformed shape instead of an equilibrated shape because of having a highly nuclear charge. Therefore, the nucleus having the deformed shape splits into two or more fragments. Since the discovery of this phenomenon, nuclear fission is an important subject for the nuclear structure and reactions, thus has been extensively studied theoretically and experimentally in the literature.

Themostimportantingredientforthefissioncrosssectioncalculations in the statistical theory is the nuclear level density (NLD) which is called as the number of the excited levels around an excitation energy and firstly introduced by Bethe [1]. The most commonly used the level density models [2-4] in the statical theory have many adjustable parameters to be determined from the observables, which are the mean resonance spacings and the discrete level schemes, and also these models can only make predictions for stable nuclei which their experimental data exist. For the nuclei far from stability, calculations have been extended with the aid of extrapolation. Therefore, this situation causes to reduce the reliability of the NLD calculations for the unstable nuclei and restricts the level density models to apply related fields. Recently, for the purpose of eliminating the lacks of level density calculations, a Laplace-like formula for the level density parameter including collective effects differently from other models has been proposed by Canbula et al. [5]. The new description of the level density parameter, which is main variable in the phenomenological level density models, depending on the shape dependent mass formula improved the agreement between predicted and observed excited energy levels according to the other phenomenological models without using any adjustable parameters. In this study, comparisons of calculated fission cross sections for some actinides between present level density models and the level density model including the new description of the level density parameter will be presented and discussed the effects of the level density models on fission cross section calculations.

*Bora Canbula acknowledges the support through TÜBİTAK PhD Program fellowship BİDEB-2211 Grant.

34

Determination of the Parameters of a Skyrme Type Effective Interaction Using the Vmc Method

Kaan MANİSA1, Mehmet ERDOĞAN2 and Hasan BİRCAN1

1Dumlupınar University Art and Science Faculty Physics Department Kütahya ,Turkey

2Selçuk University Science Faculty Physics Department Konya, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

The Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) method is employed to determine equilibrium properties of symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter. The realistic Urbana V14 nucleon–nucleon interaction potential of Lagaris and Pandharipande was used in the VMC calculations with addition of a phenomenological density-dependent term to simulate many-body interactions. A new Skyrme parameter set is found to consistently reproduce the equilibrium properties of the nuclear matter obtained from VMC calculations. The properties of symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter are calculated by the new Skyrme parameter set. The results obtained by using the new Skyrme parameter set are compared with results obtained by different Skyrme parameter sets in the literature.

35

Investigation of Some Zirconium Nuclei within the Interacting Boson Model-1 and Relativistic Mean Field Model

M. BÖYÜKATA1, T. BAYRAM2 AND İ. ULUER3

1 Department of Elementary Science Education, Faculty of Education ÇanakkaleOnsekiz Mart University, TR-17100 Çanakkale, Turkey 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Letter, Sinop University, TR-57000 Sinop, Turkey

3Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Karabük University, TR-78050 Karabük, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

In this work, two models have been used to investigate Zirconium isotopes. One of them is the interacting boson model-1 (IBM-1) which is the useful tool for description of the collective properties of nuclei. This model can be applicable to even-even nuclei in terms of correlated pairs of nucleons with angular momentum L=0; 2 (called as s, d bosons). The other model is relativistic mean field (RMF) model which is very successful in description of ground- state properties of nuclei.

In the present study, we have performed ibm-1 calculation of energy levels of 106-108Zr isotopes and compared new experimental data. The geometric structures of these isotopes are also predicted by plotting the potential energy surface in β and γ plane obtained from the IBM-1 Hamiltonian. Beside, triaxial RMF calculations have been performed to carry out potential energy surfaces of zirconium nuclei. In both, the β and γ are deformation parameters and they play a similar role to collective shape variables in the Bohr Hamiltonian. The results of the present study have been discussed in detail.

36

Deformation dependence of the dipole response in even-even 142-150Nd isotopes

E.GULIYEV1, A.A.KULIEV2, M.GÜNER3

1State Agency on Nuclear and Radiological Activity Regulation, Ministry of Emergency Situations, Baku, Azerbaijan

2Azerbaijan National Academy of Aviation, Baku, Azerbaijan

3Sakarya University, Department of Mathematics, 54100, Sakarya, Türkey

Email: [email protected]

Adirect test of the interpretation of the experimental splitting of the of the E1 excitation cross sections in neodymium isotopic chain (on the deformation) can be obtained by an investigation deformation dependence calculated B(E1) probability of the electric dipole excitations with K=0- and 1- for even-even 142-160Nd isotopes. Such a test of the B(E1) distributions of the Pigmy Dipole Resonance (PDR) and Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) has been performed in present calculations. Deformation dependence of the summed B(E1) value of the PDR for Nd isotopes are systematically investigated by means of the translational and Galileo invariant quasiparticle-random-phase approximation. There have shown that deformation plays a significant role on the formation of PDR and GDR below and over the nucleon energy threshold, respectively. The calculations have shown isotopic or deformation dependence of the summed B(E1) value of the PDR and GDR. The summed B(E1) strength for PDR and GDR is enhanced at list by a factor of 3.

37

Parametrization in Description of Prompt Fission Neutron Spectrum in Spontaneous Fission of 252Cf

M. KOÇAK1, H. AHMADOV1

1Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey

Email:[email protected]

Different parameterization using experimental data and excitation energy partition mechanisms between the fission fragments were used in description of observed prompt fission neutron spectrum (PFNS) in spontaneous fission of 252Cf. Neutron evaporation from excited and fully accelerated complementary fission fragments in the asymmetric mass yield was used in calculation of neutron spectra. Neutron laboratory spectrum was calculated when center of mass spectrum was assumed in the Le Couteur form. Calculated results from different parameterizations were compared with each other and experimental data.

38

Electron-positron pair creation in relativistic ion-ion collisions

Melek YILMAZ ŞENGÜL

Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

The creation of electron-positron pairs from the vacuum by strong electromagnetic fields is one of the most fascinating processes of relativistic quantum mechanics. Fields sufficiently strong to induce pair creation can be produced in collisions of bare ions. In peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions electromagnetic fields are very strong and interact with each other for a very short time. In these strong fields, probabilities of various electromagnetic processes such as free pair production, bound-free pair production and excitation are large and increase with the Lorentz factor γ. The bound-free pair production process restricts the luminosity of the ion beams [1]. One of the other process that cause the beam loss is relativistic antihydrogen production by pairproduction with positron capture. In this work, we have calculated cross sections for antihydrogen production in the framework of perturbation theory by applying Monte- Carlo integration techniques [2].

References

[1] G. Baur, K. Hencken, and D. Trautmann, Phys. Rep. 453, 1, 2007 [2] Şengül, M. Y., Güçlü, M. C., Relativistic antihydrogen production by pairproduction with positron capture, Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics , 67, 612, 2012

39

Calculation of Excitation Functions of Proton and Deuteron Induced Reactions on Natural Mo Isotopes

Ozan ARTUN, Hüseyin AYTEKİN

Bulent Ecevit University, Department of Physics, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey

Email:[email protected]

In the present work, we calculated excitation functions of proton and deuteron induced reactions on natural Mo isotopes for production of some medically radioisotopes. Calculations with pre-equilibrium reaction models were performed out using the TALYS 1.4 and ALICE/ASH codes. We proposed to experimentalists that some suitable reactions could be performed for production of medical radioisotopes.

40

Extra Dimensions Search in Photon-Induced Process at the CERN-LHC

S. C. İNAN

Department of Physics, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

The exclusive production pp p p pXp is known to be one of the most clean channels at the LHC. We investigate the potential of processes pp p p pl l p and pp p p p p to examine extra dimensions by considering three different forward detector acceptances; 0.0015< ξ <0.15, 0.0015 < ξ <0.5 and 0.1 < ξ <0.5. We obtain 95% confidence level sensitivity limits on the unparticle couplings for various integrated luminosities.

41

60Co’ın SUDA ÇÖZÜNEN PAA-Cu2+-BSA KOMPLEKSLERİNE ETKİSİ

Betül TAŞDELEN1, Salim ORAK2, Erol KAM3

1Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Biyomedikal Mühendisliği, Çorlu, Tekirdağ, Turkey

2İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, Fen-Ed. Fak., Üsküdar, İstanbul, Turkey

3Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen-Ed Fak, Fizik Bölümü, Davutpaşa İstanbul, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Radyoprotektör olarak adlandırılan bazı kimyasal maddelerin ışınlama öncesinde alınması sonucu, X ve gama ışınlarının etkilerini azalttığı bulunmuştur[1] . Bu çalışmada, suda çözülen polimerilerden poliakrilikasitin, Bovin Serum Albumin (BSA) ile iki değerlikli bakır iyonları varlığında oluşan kompleksleri Yüksek Basınçlı Sıvı Kromatografi (HPLC) metodu yardımıyla araştırılmıştır. Fizyolojik şartlarda çözünen Poliakrilik asit (PAA), PAA- Cu2+ ve üçlü PAA-Cu2+-BSA kompleksleri60Co gama kaynağı ile farklı ışınlama dozları ışınlanarak bu kompleksler üzerinde gama ışının etkisi incelendi. Tek başına PAA veya BSA 1.3 kGy’de denatüre olurken üçlü PAA-Cu2+-BSA kompleksi bozulmayarak Cu2+ iyonlarının kompleks üzerindeki stabilize etkisi tespit edildi. Ayrıca, NaCl, ışınlama dozu ve farklı konsantrasyondaki BSA’nın üçlü PAA-Cu2+-BSA kompleks üzerindeki stabilize etkileri incelendi.

Kaynaklar 1-W. Gordy, Radiat. Res. Suppl. 1, 491 (1959) 2-W. Gordyand I. Miyogawa, Radiat. Res.,12, 211 (1960) 3-K. Eidus, M. B. Kalamkarova, and G. K. Otarova,Biophysics, 2, 564 (1957)

42

Deforme 74-80Kr İzotopları İçin İzospin Safsızlığı ve İzobar Analog Durumlar Üzerindeki Deformasyon Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

HASAN ALİ AYGÖR1, SERDAR ÜNLÜ2, NECLA ÇAKMAK3, CEVAD SELAM1

1Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fizik Bölümü, Muş, Turkey

2Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fizik Bölümü, Burdur, Türkey

3Karabük Üniversitesi Fizik Bölümü, Karabük, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Bu çalışmada bazı Kr izotopları için izospinsafsızlığı ve izobar analog durumlar üzerindeki deformasyon etkileri kuazi rasgele faz yaklaşımı çerçevesinde hesaplanmıştır. Nükleon-nükleon etkin etkileşme potansiyeli, ortalama alan yaklaşımından kaynaklanan izospin değişmezliğindeki bozulmayı restore edecek şekilde dikkate alınmış olup etkin etkileşme sabiti serbest bir parametre olmaktan çıkarılmıştır. Taban durumlardaki izospin karışım olasılığı ve izobar analog durumlar için ortalama enerjilerin deformasyon parametresine olan hassasiyeti incelenmiştir.

43

On the Structure of Plutonium Isotopes

SERHAT URUK1, SERKAN AKKOYUN2 and TUNCAY BAYRAM3

1Physics Department, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey

2Vocational School of Health, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey

3Department of Physics, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

From the both experimental and theoretica lside, spontaneous-fission properties are important for understanding the stability properties of the heaviest elements. The observed properties of the ground state and isomeric state spectra of actinides suggest the existence of double humped potential barriers. The heights of fission barriers are almost constant (5-6 MeV) from Th to Am isotopes. In the present study, the ground-state properties of the even-even Pu isotopes have been investigated in mean field formalism. Particularly, the fission barriers of Pu isotopes have been investigated and discussed in detail.

44

Photonuclear Reaction Performed on Gallium

SERKAN AKKOYUN1, TUNCAY BAYRAM2, SEYİT OKAN KARA3

1Vocational School of Health, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey

2Department of Physics, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey

3Bor Vocational School, Nigde University, Nigde, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

The physics of photonuclear reactions contribute to our understanding of the atomicnuclei. This type of reactions plays a key role in the astrophysical nucleosynthesis. It is important for understanding the processes of the element creation in a stellar environment. In this work, the energy levels and half-lives of the isotopes created after photonuclearreaction performed on gallium iotopes have been investigated. It has been seen that the results are consistent with the literature with smaller deviations.

45

A Search for b(c) quark Pdf Uncertainties at TeV Scale ep Collider

SEYİT OKAN KARA

Bor Vocational School, Nigde University, Nigde, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

We discuss and pair productions at ep collider for studying extremely small x(g) region. It has been shown that Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) has a reach of about x(g) > . The aim of this work is to show that the PDF uncertainties in the heavy flavour production. Maximum difference of cross section between PDFs 60% has been found in the process of ep → .

46

The Investigation of Gamow-Teller Transition Properties in 56-64Ni Isotopes Using QRPA Methods

Sadiye CAKMAKa,b, Jameel-Un NABIb, Tahsin BABACANa

a Department of Physics, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey

b Faculty of Engineering Sciences, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23640, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Email: [email protected]

In this work, Nickel is seen to be very astrophysically important for Gamow-Teller distribution in the stellar evolution process. Gamow-Teller strength distributions for 56-64Ni isotopes have been calculated by using different four models. These models have been subdivided into four models: PM (B), SM (B), SM (C), pn-QRPA (C). PM (B) and SM (B) model consider spherical nuclei in both particle-hole (ph) and particle-particle (pp) channels while pn- QRPA(C) and SM (C) take into account the deformed nıuclei in both ph+pp channels. To understand the importance of our models for nickel isotopes, results of these models are compared with various theoretical models such as shell model (FPD6, GXPF1, KB3G, GXPF1J), large scale shell model, shell model monte carlo, and experimental studies.

47

Spin-isospin Transitions in Chromium Isotopes within the Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation

Sadiye CAKMAKa,b, Jameel-Un NABIb, Tahsin BABACANa and Ismail MARASa

a Department of Physics, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey

b Faculty of Engineering Sciences, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23640, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Email: [email protected]

Beta decay and electron capture on isotopes of chromium are advocated to play a key role in the stellar evolution process. In this paper we endeavor to study charge-changing transitions for 24 isotopes of chromium (42-65Cr). These include neutron-rich and neutron-deficient isotopes of chromium. Three different models from the QRPA genre, namely the pn-QRPA, the Pyatov method (PM) and the Schematic model (SM), were selected to calculate and study the Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions in chromium isotopes. The SM was employed separately in the particle-particle (pp) and pp + particle-hole (ph) channels. To study the effect of deformation, the SM was first used assuming the nuclei to be spherical and later to be deformed. The PM was used both in pp and pp + ph channels but only for the case of spherical nuclei. The pn-QRPA calculation was done by considering both pp and ph forces and taking deformation of nucleus into consideration. A recent study proved this version of pn-QRPA to be the best for calculation of GT strength distributions amongst the QRPA models. The pn-QRPA model calculated GT distributions had low-lying centroids and small widths as compared to other QRPA models. Our calculation results were also compared with other theoretical models and measurements wherever available. Our results are in decent agreement with previous measurements and shell model calculations.

48

Heavy Quarkonium Mass Spectra with a Novel Model

Yücel CANÇELİK1, Bülent GÖNÜL1

1University of Gaziantep, Department of Engineering Physics, Gaziantep-TURKEY

Email: [email protected]

In this work, the spin-averaged mass spectra of heavy quarkonia ( cc and bb ) in a Coulomb plus linear potential, together with a quadratic term, is studied within the framework of non-relativistic Schrodinger equation. The energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are obtained in compact forms for any  value through a novel model.The obtained results are used to produce potential parameters for the charmonium and bottomonium systems, from which then their full mass spectra are determined. The predictions obtained by the present model are found to be in a remarkable agreement with the experimental results when compared to other theoretical findings.

49

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

50

α, d, p and t Emission Spectra for 208Pb Target Nucleus at 96 MeV Neutron Incident Energy

Abdullah KAPLAN1,Veli ÇAPALI1, Hasan ÖZDOĞAN1,2

1Süleyman DemirelÜniversitesi, Fen-EdebiyatFakültesi, FizikBölümü, 32260, Isparta, Turkey 2Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Biyofizik A.D., 07070, Antalya,Turkey Email: [email protected]

In this study, α, d, p and t emission spectra for 208Pb target nucleus at 96 MeV neutron incident energy for (n,xα), (n,xd), (n,xp) and (n,xt)reactions have been investigated using pre–equilibrium and equilibrium nuclear reaction models. TALYS 1.6 Two–Component Exciton and ALICE/ASH Geometry Dependent models have been used for the pre–equilibrium reactions. TALYS 1.6 Equilibrium and ALICE/ASH Weisskopf-Ewing models have been used for the equilibrium reactions. The calculated results have been compared with experimental data taken from the experimental data existing in the EXFOR database.

51

New Estimated Parameters of Viola-Seaborg Formula for Superheavy Nuclei

Alper SİNAN1, Tuncay BAYRAM2, Serkan AKKOYUN3

1Sinop University, Faculty of Science and Letter, Statistics Department, Sinop, Turkey

2Sinop University, Faculty of Science and Letter, Statistics Department, Sinop, Turkey

3Cumhuriyet University, Vocational School of Health Services, Sivas, Turkey Email: [email protected]

Recent years, studying superheavy nuclei (SHN) have received much attention. In particular, many theoretical studies on alpha-decay have been carried out for understanding of alpha-decay properties because of success in synthesizing of superheavy elements (SHE) in lab. Beside, alpha-decay half-lives of SHN are very important because most synthesized SHE have alpha-decays and their alpha-decay values are needed for experimentalists during the experimental design.

Most known alpha-decay half-life formula is Viola-Seaborg formula. In the present study, we have estimated new parameters of Viola-Seaborg formula for superheavy region by using latest experimental data. The parameters are estimated by classical nonlinear regression estimation methods. The results of the present study Show that new parameters are to be found as valuable in estimating of alpha-decay half-lives of superheavy nuclei within the framework of Viola-Seaborg formula.

52

57Co Radyoizotopunun (a,*) Reaksiyonu İle Üretilmesinin Teorik Hesaplaması

Asiye GÜROL1, İsmail Hakkı SARPUN2, Bekir ORUNÇAK2

1Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, 06500, Afyon, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Radyoizotoplar daha çok siklotron ve reaktörler ile üretilmektedir. Radyoizotopların hangi yöntem ile üretileceğini, Üretimde kullanılan parçacıkların enerjisini hedef çekirdek belirlemektedir. Radyoizotop genellikle yapaydır. Radyoizotopları üç farklı yöntem ile oluşturmak mümkündür. Bunlar; Nükleer reaktörler, siklotronlar (hızlandırıcılar), radyoizotop jeneratörleridir. Co-57 radyoizotopu B12 vitamini eksikliği için Schilling'in testinde kullanılmaktadır. Gastrointestinal B12 vitamini emilim tayini nükleer tıp laboratuarları tarafından sunulan ilk testler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu yöntem megaloblastik anemi, B12 vitamini eksikliği ve gastrointestinal malabsorbsiyonu şüphesi olan hastalarda yararlı olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada alfa bombardımanı ile 55Mn(a,2n), 54Fe(a,p), 56Fe(a,2n+p), 59Co(a,2n+a), 59Co(a,x), 58Ni(a,p+a) reaksiyonları ile 57Co radyoizotopunun edilmesi incelenmiştir. TALYS 1.6 programı kullanılarak yapılan hesaplamalar EXFOR kütüphanesinden alınan deneysel veriler ile teorik hesaplama sonuçları karşılaştırılarak reaksiyon tesir kesitleri grafikleri sunulmuştur.

Radioisotopes 57Co (a, *) Produced by The Reaction of the Theoretical Calculation

Radioisotopes are mostly produced by a cyclotron and the reactor. Which will be produced by the method of radioisotopes, used in the production of the particles determines the energy of the target nucleus. Radioisotopes are often artificial. Radioisotopes with three different methods are possible. These are Nuclear reactors, cyclotrons (accelerators), radioisotope generators. Co-57 radioisotope Schilling test for vitamin B12 deficiency are used. Gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin B12 determination laboratorial offered by nuclear medicine tests are among the first. This method megaloblastic anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency and in patients with suspicion of malabsorption gastrointestinal continues to be useful. In this study by using 55Mn(a,2n), 54Fe(a,p), 56Fe(a,2n+p), 59Co(a,2n+a), 59Co(a,x), 58Ni(a,p+a) reactions with alpha bombardment, obtaining of the radioisotopes 57Co were investigated. TALYS 1.6 is EXFOR library filled with calculations performed using the program from the theoretical calculation results with the experimental data are presented graphically comparing the reaction cross section.

53

Interpolated Modeling and Mapping of Gamma Dose Rates Measured in Artvin Province by Using the Neural Networks Method

C. M. YEŞİLKANAT1, Y. KOBYA2, H. TAŞKIN3, U. ÇEVİK4

1Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Physics, 08000 Artvin, Turkey

2Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Engineering, Energy Systems Engineering, 08000 Artvin, Turkey

3TAEK, Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Centre, Altınşehir Yolu 5 Km, Halkali, Istanbul, Turkey

4Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, 61000 Trabzon, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

In this study, estimated values were calculated of the points which did not collect data for outdoor gamma dose rates in Artvin by using back-propagation artificial neural network method (BPANN) and distribution of the obtained rates mapped. The outdoor gamma dose rates were measured at 204 stations approximately 2 km far away each other. Among the all stations, a part of 50% was separated randomly for creating model and the other part of 50% for validation test. The maximum and minimum values for outdoor gamma dose rate were measured respectively. Input parameters were used for the artificial neural networks which is directly affect the gamma dose rates by six factors, such as coordinates (latitude, longitude), altitude, soil type, geological formations, and the annual average intensity of sunlight. The estimated results obtained the model were compared with actual values and a good agreement was observed. End of the study, the model was evaluated for all workspace and interpolated estimation maps of outdoor gamma doses rate for Artvin were created from the results by making estimations for every 100m.

54

Interpolated Modelling and Mapping of Gross Alpha and Gross Beta for Natural Spring Water in Artvin Province by Using Geostatistical Prediction and Simulation Methods

C. M. YEŞİLKANAT1, Y. KOBYA2, H. TAŞKIN3, U. ÇEVİK4

1Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Physics, 08000 Artvin, Turkey

2Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Engineering, Energy Systems Engineering, 08000 Artvin, Turkey

3TAEK, Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Centre, Altınşehir Yolu 5 Km, Halkali, Istanbul, Turkey

4Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, 61000 Trabzon, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

This study figures out the estimated values of total beta and alpha activities for non-sampled points in the study area of natural spring water in Artvin province by using geostatistical prediction methods (ordinary kriging and universal kriging). Water samples were taken from 102 stations which describes the study area and randomly chosen 50% of the samples (51) were used for the modelling and the other 50% were used for the validation test at the end of the model. The maximum measurement values were found to be 0.771 Bq/L and 0.808 Bq/L and minimum values were 0.005 Bq/L and 0.013 Bq/L, respectively. In addition, both gross alpha and gross beta distributions were specified by using simulation method (conditional gauss simulation). With the help of acquired data from prediction and simulation, descriptive maps were drawn for gross alpha and gross beta activities. Comparing simulation and prediction maps, it is specified that gross alpha and gross beta distribution in water was represented efficiently. At the end of the study, it was seen that universal kriging method was better than ordinary kriging method for interpolated estimation value.

55

Trace elements analysis in white cabbages in Gümüşhane, Turkey

C. AKSOY1,2, E. TIRAŞOĞLU1, H. AKSOY3, M. DOĞAN2, A. APAYDIN2

1Department of Electric and Electronics Engineering, Avrasya University, 61250, Turkey

2Department of Physics, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey

3The Institue of Health Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

The multi-elements in cabbages and the cabbage own soils are presented in this study. The cabbages were collected 21 different areas of Gümüşhane which is placed at the north-west of Black Sea region in Turkey. The elemental analysis of cabbages have been carried out using Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Spectrometry. Mean concentrations of the elements are presented and the metal contents were found in them which play a vital role in cure of disease. Ca and K contents in soils and in white cabbage were compared. They were found to be compatible with each other.

56

Nükleer Astrofizik Reaksiyonlarında S-Faktörünün Etkisi

E. YILDIZ1, A. AYDIN1, İ.H. SARPÜN2

1Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Kırıkkale, Turkey

2Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Astrofiziksel s-faktörü, güneşte ve evrenimizdeki yıldızlarda meydana gelen herhangi bir termonükleer reaksiyonun ana karakteristiğidir. Ayrıca s-faktörü,çok düşük enerjilerdeki reaksiyon ihtimallerini tanımlar. Astrofizik s-faktörü deneysel olarak elde edilebileceği gibi teorik olarak da hesaplanabilmektedir. Reaksiyon tesir kesiti ve S-Faktörü arasındaki ilişki;

şeklinde ifade edilir. Burada S(E) fonksiyonu nükleer etkileri içeren terim olup astrofiziksel S-faktörü olarak isimlendirilir. Bu çalışmada düşük ve orta enerjili nükleonlarla oluşturulan reaksiyonların tesir kesitleri yardımıyla hesaplanan s-faktörünün deneysel verilerle karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır.

57

Evrenin ilk günleri

Fatih KARA

Karabük Üniversitesi Fizik Bölümü, Karabük, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Evren daima bilim insanları tarafından merak ve gözlemlere dayalı çalışmalar neticesinde aydınlatılmıştır.Lakin evrenin geçmişi ve gelecegi araştırıldıkça bildiklerimizin sınırının ne kadar kısa olduğu aşikârdır.Bu yüzden nereden nereye geldiğimizi görmek için en baştan başlamak daha iyi bir yaklaşım olacaktır. En başa dönecek olursak 0 kütle çekim noktasına yani Büyük Patlama’dan önceki o gizemlerle dolu karmaşık duruma, evrenin nasıl oluştuğunu büyük patlamayla ve genişleyerek ulaştığı şuanki sınırlarına;

Öncelikle Hubble Zamanı’nı “T” ile ifade edersek (yaklaşık 12.5gyr), herhangi bir günün uzunluğuna n diyecek T olursak ikisi arasındaki ilişki gayet basit ve güçlü olup 푇푛= ⁄2푛 − 1 şeklindedir. (Burada 푇푛 n. günün uzunluğudur). T T Takip eden ilk üç gün uygulamalarını yapacak olursak ; 푇1=T, 푇2= ⁄3, 푇3= ⁄5 şeklindedir. Hesaplamalar göstermektedir ki, 0 kütle çekiminden günümüze kadar evren yaşı yaklaşık 12,49 milyar yıldır. Özel göreliliği kozmoloji de kullanarak hesaplamaları daha da basite indirgeyip kolaylıkla yapmak mümkündür. Şöyle ki, Büyük Patlama’nın başlangıç anını t0 = T kabul edecek olursak t0 (1.gün) sonu t1 olur, aynı şekilde 2. gün sonu t2

(2.gün) olur. t0 ve t1 arası zaman farkı T1, t1 ve t2 arası zaman farkı T2 vs. şeklinde devam ettirilebilir. Kozmik zamanları toplama kuralı ile özel görelilikteki zamanların toplamını veren kural benzerdir. Özel görelilik teorisi ve kozmoloji biribirini pek çok yönden destekler ve tamamlar. Işık hızı ve Hubble zamanı ayrıca zamanların toplamı bunu doğrular niteliktedir. Bilimin nihai zaferi olarak öngörülen çalışma evrenin tüm gerçeklerinin anlaşılması ve bunun neticesinde nereden gelip nereye gittiğimizi anlamaktır.

Kaynaklar

[1] MosheCarmeli, Cosmological Special Relativity: The Large-Scale Structure of Space, Time and Velocity, World Scientific Pub Co Inc. (April 2002)

58

Küresel Enerji Politikalarında Nükleer Enerjinin Yeri ve Türkiye Değerlendirmesi

F. BİLGE YILDIZ Gazi Üniversitesi, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü, 06000 Ankara, Türkiye Email: [email protected]

Bu çalışma ile gelişmişlik ile bağlantılı olarak giderek artan enerji ihtiyacına yönelik ülkelerin izlediği enerji politikaları çerçevesinde ülkemizin izlediği politikaları ve dünya perspektifinde bulunduğu konumun belirlenmesi ve bu doğrultuda ülkemiz enerji politikalarında nükleer enerjinin gerekliliğinin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla bağlantılı olarak çalışma kapsamında; öncelikle enerji kavramı ve değişen eğilimler ile ekonomik gelişmişlik ve enerji ilişkisi tartışılacak; Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de enerji kullanımındaki mevcut durum ortaya konularak, ülkelerin enerji politikaları incelenecek, ekonomik gelişmişliğe göre kategorize edilen ülkelerde nükleer enerji politikaları ele alınarak, dünya enerji kullanımına ilişkin tablo oluşturulacak, ülkemizin hangi kategoride kaldığı hususu ve gelecek dönem enerji politikalarında nükleer enerjinin gerekliliği tartışılacaktır Çalışma sonucunda ortaya konulan Dünya tablosunda gelişmiş, gelişmekte olan ve az gelişmiş ülkeler arasında ülkemizin durumu ve geleceğe yönelik enerji politikaları ortaya konularak, ülkemizdeki kaynak potansiyeli değerlendirilmiş, enerji politikaları tanımlanmış ve nükleer enerjinin gerekliliği tartışılmış olacaktır.

59

The Investigation of Electric Dipole Giant Resonance on the Even Mass

176,178.180Hf Isotopes

A.A. KULİEV1, F.ERTUGRAL2, E. GULİYEV3, N. DEMİRCİ2

1Azerbaijan National Academy of Aviation, Baku, Azerbaijan

2Department of Physics, Faculty of Scienceand Art, Sakarya University, Turkey

3State Agency on NuclearandRadiological Activity Regulation, Ministry of EmergencySituations, Azerbaijan

Email: [email protected]

In the present paper, theoretical studies of the electric dipole giant resonance on the even mass 176-180Hf isotopes within the Random Phase Approximation (QRPA) method which is self-consistent determination of the isovector effective separable interactions restoring a broken symmetry of the deformed mean-field are presented. The model contains a single parameter of isovector dipole-dipole interactions and it allows one to describe satisfactorily both the energy and fragmentation of the Giant dipole resonance which is represents the coherent isovector vibration motion of proton and neutron systems as rigid bodies against each other, the common c.m. of the nucleus being at rest.The theory predicts 1- giant dipole resonance splitting into two components with K=0 andK=1 at energy around 9 MeV and 14 MeV, respectively (Fig.1). The theory also show that the giant resonance states usually have very small admixtures of the spurious state (1 to 2%).

Fig. 1. The electric dipole resonance is split into two components with K=0 and 1.

60

Natural Radiactivity Measurements in Marble and Traverten Mines in the Region of Tokat –Sivas

I.Y IĞITOĞLU1, E. ESER2, G. GÜRSOY3, S. YILDIRIM3, S. KILIÇARSLAN1,

B. MAVI4, F. ONER4, I.AKKURT5

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Gaziosmanpasa University, Turkey

2Department of Physics, Polatlı Faculty of Science and Arts, Gazi University, Turkey

3Radyotherapy Deparment, Vocational Schools of Health Sciences, Ahi Evran University, Turkey

4Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Amasya University, Turkey

5Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Suleyman Demirel University, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

In this study natural radioactivity measurements have been performed at four different marble and travertain mine in Tokat and Sivas region. In this respect 40K, 226Ra, 232Th radioactive elements are searched in marble, travertain, ONYX and soil samples collected from four different reseach points. The natural radioactivity is determined using NaI scintilation detector as gamma ray spectrometer.The 40K activity is determined between 179,89 Bq/kg and 314,43 Bq/kg, 226Ra activity is between 22.59Bq/kg and 67.69 Bq/kg and 232Th activity is between 16.00 Bq/kg and 21.01 Bq/kg. The obtained results are given and discussed.

61

Theoretical Description of the Magnetic Dipole Strengths in the Odd-Mass

Deformed Nuclei

H. YAKUT1, E. TABAR1, A.A. KULIEV2 and E. GULIYEV3

1Sakarya University, Physics Department, Sakarya, Turkey, 2 The National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan 3 State Agency on Nucl. and Radio. Activity Regulation, Ministry of Emerg.Situ., Baku, Azerbaijan

Email: [email protected]

The mathematical formalism within the quasiparticle-phonon nuclear model (QPNM) for the description of low-lying magnetic dipole states (M1) in the odd-mass deformed nuclei is presented. The purpose of our work is to investigate the fragmentation of the low-lying M1 strength experimentally observed and to clarify the possibility of using the

j QPNM to describe the M1 strength distribution in odd-mass deformed nuclei. In this model the wave functions  K of odd-mass nuclei consist of the sum of one-quasiparticle and one-quasiparticlephonon. The energies and wave functions in odd-mass nucleus is calculated with the phonon basis constructed for even core nucleus. These calculations of even core is made within the Random-Phase Approximation (RPA) by using the self-consistent isoscalar and isovector effective separable interactions restoring a broken symmetry of the deformed mean-field. As an example, theoretical calculations are performed for 163Dy and 157Gd nuclei.

62

SomeElectromagnetic Transition Properties of N ~ Z ~ 40 Isotopes

M. AKÇA1, G. BAŞBUĞ2, H.R. YAZAR2

1Nevsehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 50300 Nevsehir, Turkey

2Nevsehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Physics, 50300 Nevsehir, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

IBM-2 calculation is presented for the low-lying states in the even-even Kr and Sr core nuclei. We explore the energy levels and the electric quadrupole transition probabilities B(E2;Ii If) for selected transitions. It was found that the calculated positive parity low spin state energy spectra of the even-even Krand Srisotopes agree quite well with the experimental data.

REFERENCES

[1] A. Arima, F. Iachello, Ann. Phys. (N.Y) 99, 253 (1976).

[2] A. Arima, F. Iachello, Ann. Phys. (N.Y) 123, 468 (1979).

[3] A. Arima, F. Iachello, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1069 (1975).

[4] F. Iachello, P. Van Isacker, The Interacting Boson-Fermion Model. Cambridge, CambridgeUniversity Press 1991.

[5] H.R. Yazar, Pramana J. Phys. Vol.70, No.5, 805 (2008).

[6] De Voight and M. J. A. Dudek, Rev. Mod. Phys., 55, 949 (1983).

[7] I. Talmi, Interacting Bose-Fermi System in Nuclei. Iachello, F.(ed), p 329. New York, Plenum Press 1981.

[8] O. Scholten, Progress in Partivle and Nuclear Physics ed A Faessler 14, 189 (1985).

[9] O. Scholten, PhD dissertation, University of Groningen 1980.

[10] S.T. Hsieh and H.C. Chiang, Phys. Rev. C Vol. 55, 211 (1997).

[11] R. G. Helmer, Nuclear Data Sheets 69, 507, (1993).

63

Protonlar için Çeşitli Organ Dokularının Durdurma Gücü ve Doz Hesaplamaları

M. USTA1, M. Ç. TUFAN2

1Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fizik Bölümü 31034 Serinyol Hatay, Turkey

2Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, 55139 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Proton ışınları fiziksel özelliklerinden dolayı özellikle radyasyon onkolojisinde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Proton ışın tedavilerinde, proton ışınlarının doku içerisindeki durdurma gücü ve buna bağlı olarak hastaya verilecek tedavi edici doz oranı oldukça önemlidir. Tarafımızdan daha önce yapılan çalışmalarda durdurma gücü parametresi çeşitli yöntemler kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada daha önce geliştirdiğimiz yöntemde Hartree-Fock yük yoğunlukları kullanılarak protonlar için akciğer, meme, prostat, yumurtalık, gırtlak gibi çeşitli insan organ dokuları için durdurma gücü hesaplamaları gerçekleştirildi. Ayrıca Monte Carlo yöntemlerinde olan MCNPX programı kullanılarakaynı dokulara ait durdurma gücü ve doz hesaplamaları yapıldı. Elde edilen sonuçlar diğer referans verilerle karşılaştırıldı.

64

Charge-Exchange Vibrational Modes on 0+ 2- First Forbidden β Decay Transitions

Necla ÇAKMAK

Karabük University, Department of Physics, Karabük, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

In this study, the influence of collective effects upon unique first-forbidden β decay transitions is studied. The logft values for the0+ 2- are calculated andc ompared with experimental data, in the mass region 70 ≤ A ≤ 214.

65

Magnetic Dipole Excitations in the Actinide Nuclei

E. TABAR1, H. YAKUT1, A.A. KULIEV2, F. ERTUĞRAL1 and R. AKKAYA1

1Sakarya University, Physics Department, Sakarya, Turkey

2 The National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan

Email: [email protected]

In this study, some of the magnetic dipole (M1) properties of 234,235,236U isotopes are studied within the rotational invariant Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation (RI-QRPA) and Quasiparticle-Phonon Nuclear 235 Model (QPNM). We first calculated the ground-state magnetic moment, gK and gs factors of the U nucleus using QPNM and from those, the spin interaction parameter() is determined as  = 35/A MeV. These calculations indicated that because of the core polarization, the (gs) factors of the nucleons in the nucleus reduce noticeable from its free nucleon value and the spin-spin interactions play an important role in the eff. 235 renormalization (gs ) of the gs factors. Later on, we calculated the M1 strength distribution in U within QPNM using the phonon basis for 234U. We found a strong fragmentation of the magnetic dipole strength in 235U which was in good agreement with experimental data. The calculated fragmentation of the M1 strength in 235U is much stronger in comparison with that in 234U. The calculated mean excitation energies as well as the summed B(M1) value of the scissors mode excitations for 235,236U nuclei are consistent with the available experimental data.

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Phenomenological and Microscopic Analysis of Elastic Scattering Reactions: 9Be+27Al

Rukiye YEĞIN1, Yusuf SERT1,2, Hatice DOĞAN1

1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey

2Sorgun Vocational School, Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey

In this study, elastic scattering of 9Be+27Al system have been re-analyzed by using phenomenological model (WS) and microscopic double folding model (DF) potentials within the framework of the optical model at different incident energies. The calculations have been performed by using the FRESCO code [1]. We have used the new optical model parameters to explain 9Be+27Al reaction in the phenomenological calculations. The real potentials in double folding calculations have been obtained by using density distribution of 9Be nucleus existing in literature. For both the phenomenological and double folding calculations, the imaginary potentials have the shape of the Woods-Saxon volume. We compare the phenomenological model results with the double folding model ones as well as the experimental data. Additionally, we have investigated the threshold anomaly in weakly bound nuclei by analyzing the 9Be+27Al system.

Kaynaklar

[1] I. J. Thompson, Comput. Phys. Rep. 7, (1988), 167.

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Determınıng of 238U ConcentratıonswithSpatial Analysis Methods

Seçil NİKSARLIOĞLU1, Fatih KÜLAHCI1

1Fırat University, Science Faculty, Physics Department, 23119, Elazığ, Türkiye

Email: [email protected]

In the environment, there are many naturally occurring radionuclides including isotopes of uranium and thorium. The amount ofnatural radiation thatexposure topeople living inthe same region change very littlefrom year to year, but quite different concentrations can be seen even in the small area. Identifications of these radionuclides concentrations as environmental tracers are very important for determination of background radiation. Environmental radiation measurements cannot be measured at every study point sometimes and the study times may be limited. If the study area is large, it is difficult to get a result; therefore, many mathematical models have been developed for identify of radionuclide distribution and transport in the environment. In this study, predictions of 238U concentrations are achieved using Cumulative Semivariogram that is a spatial modeling method and Kriging method. In addition to, reliability of these methods is compared with each other.

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The Investigation of the Mean Field Parameters for Double Magic Nuclei

Serkan OĞUZ1, Necla ÇAKMAK1

1Karabük University, Department of Physics, Karabük, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

The Gamow-Teller and isobaric analogue resonance by the mean field parameters for double magic nuclei has been searched within the framework of quasi random phase approximation. TheGamow-Teller resonance (GTR) for double magic nuclei has been searched within th eframework of different theoretical models. The aim of the present study is to understand Gamow-Teller states for new double magic nuclei and to provide a motivation for the experimental investigations in order to measure the Gamow-Teller states for these nuclides.

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The half-lives of the 0+ 0- Beta Decays for Ge Isotopes

Sevilay KAYHAN, Necla ÇAKMAK

Karabük University, Department of Physics, Karabük, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

The half-lives of the 0+ 0- first forbidden beta transitions have been investigated for Ge isotopes. The theoretica framework is based on a proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation. The Woods-Saxon potential basis has been used in our calculations.

No Isotopes Half-lives [1] Half-lives 1 84Ge 1.1399 0.710

2 86Ge 0.1951 0.141

3 88Ge 0.0488 0.039

Table 1. The half-lives values for Ge isotopes.

Kaynaklar

[1] P.Möller et al., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 66, 131, (1997)

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Evaluation of P, D, T, 3He, and 4He Production Cross-Sections for Lead Irradiated With Protons at Energies Up To 3 Gev

S. AKÇA1, A. Yu. KONOBEYEV2, U. FISCHER2

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Çukurova University,01330 Adana, Turkey 2Institute for Neutron Physics and Reactor Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,76021 Karlsruhe, Germany

Email: [email protected]

Evaluated p, d, t, 3He, and 4He production cross-section data for Pb irradiated with proton up to 3 GeV were obtained from the analysis of nuclear model calculations and available experimental data. The calculations of gas production cross-sections were performed using the intranuclear cascade model, the pre-equilibrium exciton model, geometry dependent hybrid model, Weisskopf-Ewing model, and the Hauser-Feshbach model with CASCADE, TALYS, and ALICE/ASH codes. The evaluation was carried out using statistical methods implemented in the BEKED code package.

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Sivrice (Elazığ) Fay Zonunda Radon

Sultan ŞAHİN BAL1, Mahmut DOĞRU1,2

1 Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Bitlis, Turkey

2 Fırat Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Elazığ, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Sivrice Fay Zonu; yaklaşık 5 km genişlikte, 32 km uzunlukta, kenarları normal bileşene sahip doğrultu atımlı faylarla sınırlanmış mercek biçimli bir çöküntü alanı oluşturur. Bu fay zonu üzerine on-line olarak sürekli radon ölçümü yapılması amacıyla radon istasyonları kurulmuştur. Radon ölçüm istasyonlarından alınan veriler, bölgenin jeolojik oluşumu göz önünde bulundurularak değerlendirilmiştir.

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Ground State Properties of Superheavy Rf Isotopes in the RMF Model

Tuncay BAYRAM1,Serkan AKKOYUN2

1Department of Physics, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey 2Vocational School of Health, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Ground state properties of superheavy Rutherfordium isotopes have been studied within the framework of Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) model. Ground state binding energies, neutron separation energies and quadrupole deformations have been carried out for even-even Rf isotopes. The predictions of RMF model agree with the available experimental data. Furthermore, effect of pairing shame on the ground state properties of Rf isotopes has been discussed in detail.

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Neutron Emission Spectra of 83Bi Target Nucleus for (n,xn) Reaction at 7.75, 14.1, 14.2 and 20 MeV Neutron Incident Energies

Veli ÇAPALI1, Hasan ÖZDOĞAN1,2, Abdullah KAPLAN1

1Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, 32260, Isparta, Turkey 2Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Biyofizik A.D., 07070, Antalya, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

In this study, neutron emission spectra of (n,xn) reaction for 83Bi nucleus have been investigated at 7.75, 14.1, 14.2 and 20 MeV neutron energies using by TALYS 1.6 and EMPIRE 3.1 pre-equilibrium nuclear reaction models.The results have been compared with experimental data taken from the Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data (EXFOR) library.

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Role of the Surface Potential in Explaining the 11Li+28Si System

YASEMİN KÜÇÜK1,2

1Akdeniz University Department of Physics, Antalya, Turkey 2Akdeniz University Nuclear Science Application and Research Center, Antalya, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

We have analyzed the well-known quasi elastic scattering data at 29MeV/nucleon of the 11Li+28Si system within the framework of the coupled-channels model using double-folding potential with a Woods-Saxon type of imaginary part. To explain these challenging data, we have modified the shape of the real and imaginary potentials simultaneously in the surface region and we have been able to obtain an improved agreement with the experimental data in comparison with the previous works conducted so far. Our findings confirm that the interactions in the surface region of two nuclei are very important in explaining the scattering observables of such light-heavy nuclei reactions. Our work also shows that the dynamical polarization potential should be attractive for this system.

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Determination and Geostatistical Modelling of Gross Alpha, Gross Beta Activity Values in Natural Spring Water in Trabzon, Rize and Artvin Provinces

Y. KOBYA1, C. M. YEŞİLKANAT2, B. ÇAKIR3 1Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Engineering, Energy Systems Engineering, 08000 Artvin, Turkey 2Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Physics, 08000 Artvin, Turkey Email: [email protected]

Trabzon, Artvin and Rize where being the most northeast of the Turkey are three cities take place an area approximately 18000 km2 large. Samples was collected from totally 20 potable water supplies into the cities and their gross alpha and gross beta activity values were measured with Berthold LB770 marked alpha, beta counting device. Activity values of the samples were evaluated value ranges 1.7- 114.2 Bq/L for gross alpha and 2.9-90.8 Bq/L for gross beta. The results were compared with world health organization (WHO) limits and other similar studies. Classical statistical calculations were performed for obtained datas. Also, iso-dose trajectories were created by using geo-statistical analyzes method and represented onto the map. So, a risk map was sketched.

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Elektronlar İçin RHF Yoğunluklarını Kullanarak Durdurma Gücü ve Menzil Hesaplamaları

Zeynep YÜKSEL, M. Çağatay TUFAN

Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, 55139, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey

Email: [email protected]

Elektron demetleri tıpta ve teknolojide yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Hızlı elektronların madde ile etkileşmesinin sonuçlarını ön görmede en önemli parametrelerden ikisi durdurma gücü ve menzildir. Tarafımızdan daha önce yapılan çalışmalarda bu iki parametre çeşitli yöntemler kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada daha önce geliştirdiğimiz yöntemde Roothaan-Hartree-Fock (RHF) yük yoğunlukları kullanılarak tekrar gerçekleştirildi. Bu yoğunlukların hesaplanmasında hedef atomun RHF taban durumu atomik dalga fonksiyonları literatürden (C.F.Bunge, J.A.Barrientosand, A.V.Bunge, 1993) elde edildi. Durdurma gücü elektronik ve ışımalı olmak üzere iki farklı mekanizmanın sonucu olarak hesaplandı. Elde edilen bu değerlerin toplamından ise hedefin toplam durdurma gücünü elde edildi. Toplam durdurma gücünün hesaplanmasından sonra ise menzil değerleri sürekli yavaşlama yaklaşımı (CSDA) kullanılarak hesaplandı. Hesaplamalar su molekülü ve göğüs dokusu için gerçekleştirildi.

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PARTICIPANT LIST

Ali Ekber KULİEV Yücel CANÇELİK The National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan, University of Gaziantep, TURKEY AZERBAIJAN

Cevad SELAM Serdar ÜNLÜ Muş Alparslan University, TURKEY Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, TURKEY

Erol ARCAKLIOGLU Aykut ELMAS The Scientific and Technological Research University of Gaziantep, TURKEY Council of Turkey

İsmail BOZTOSUN Seyit Okan KARA Akdeniz University, TURKEY Nigde University, TURKEY

Jameel-Un NABI Gökhan KOÇAK Gulham Ishak Khan Institute, PAKISTAN Erciyes University, TURKEY

Salih SARI Bora CANBULA The Republic of Turkey The Ministry of Energy and Celal Bayar University, TURKEY Natural Resources, TURKEY

Osman YILMAZ Salih Cem İNAN Middle East Technical University, TURKEY Cumhuriyet University, TURKEY

Takhmasib M. ALİEV Esra YÜKSEL Middle East Technical University, TURKEY Yıldız Technical University, TURKEY

Lorenzo FORTUNATO Alper BİLLUR Padova University, ITALY Cumhuriyet University, TURKEY

Salim ORAK İlkin SENCAR Istanbul Commerce University, TURKEY Celal Bayar University, TURKEY

Erdal DİKMEN Çiğdem YAŞAR Süleyman Demirel University, TURKEY Istanbul Technical University, TURKEY

Mahmut BÖYÜKATA Mehmet GÜNER Çanakkale On Sekiz Mart University, TURKEY Sakarya University, TURKEY

Aydan ALTIKULAÇ Emre TABAR Ondokuz Mayıs University, TURKEY Sakarya University, TURKEY

Ali TUTAY Huseynqulu QULİYEV Istanbul University, TURKEY Sakarya University, TURKEY

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Melek YILMAZ ŞENGÜL Veli ÇAPALI Bahçeşehir University, TURKEY Süleyman Demirel University, TURKEY

Asiye GÜROL Recep AKKAYA Afyon Kocatepe University, TURKEY Sakarya University, TURKEY

Mehmet ERDOĞAN Hakan YAKUT Selçuk University, TURKEY Sakarya University, TURKEY

Mehmet KOÇAK Sibel AKÇA University of Gaziantep, TURKEY Çukurova University, TURKEY

Ayben KARASU UYSAL KTO Rukiye YEĞİN Karatay University, TURKEY Bozok University, TURKEY

Serkan AKKOYUN Asiye GÜROL Cumhuriyet University, TURKEY Afyon Kocatepe University, TURKEY

Tayfun IŞIK İsmail Alper YALÇINKAYA

Hakan PEKDOĞAN Zeynep YÜKSEL Kırıkkale University, TURKEY Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, TURKEY

Yasemin KÜÇÜK Güney GÜRSOY Akdeniz University, TURKEY Ahi Evran University, TURKEY

Serhat URUK Metin USTA Gaziantep University, TURKEY Mustafa Kemal University, TURKEY

Tahsin BABACAN Seçil NİKSARLIOĞLU Celal Bayar University, TURKEY Fırat University, TURKEY

Şadiye ÇAKMAK Gönül BAŞBUĞ Celal Bayar University, TURKEY Nevsehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, TURKEY

Ozan ARTUN Sevilay KAYHAN Bulent Ecevit University, TURKEY Karabük University, TURKEY

Kaan MANİSA Serkan OĞUZ Dumlupınar University, TURKEY Karabük University, TURKEY

Alper SİNAN Mehmet AKÇA Sinop University, TURKEY Nevsehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, TURKEY

Sultan ŞAHİN BAL Tuncay BAYRAM Bitlis Eren University, TURKEY Sinop University, TURKEY

Harun Reşit YAZAR Fatih KARA Nevsehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, TURKEY Karabük University, TURKEY

Abdullah KAPLAN Necla ÇAKMAK Süleyman Demirel University, TURKEY Karabük University, TURKEY

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Filiz ERTUĞRAL M. Çağatay TUFAN Sakarya University, TURKEY Ondokuz Mayıs University, TURKEY

Ercan YILDIZ Songül AKBULUT Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, TURKEY Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, TURKEY

Canan AKSOY Nilüfer AS Avrasya University, TURKEY Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, TURKEY

Yaşar KOBYA Aylin HACISALİHOĞLU Artvin Çoruh University, TURKEY Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, TURKEY

Cafer Mert YEŞİLKANAT Burcu EROL Artvin Çoruh University, TURKEY Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, TURKEY

Mikail DİREKÇİ Nilüfer DEMİRCİ Bozok University, TURKEY Sakarya University, TURKEY

Yusuf SERT Hakan YILMAZ Bozok University, TURKEY Karadeniz Technical University, TURKEY

Sema Nur KESKİNOĞLU C. Cüneyt ERSANLI Sinop University, TURKEY

Ayhan KARA Onur Rauf YILMAZ Sinop University, TURKEY Sinop University, TURKEY

İhsan ULUER Fatma Bilge YILDIZ Karabük University, TURKEY Gazi University, TURKEY

İsmail Hakkı SARPÜN Ramazan BULUR Afyon Kocatepe University, TURKEY Celal Bayar University, TURKEY

Humbat AHMADOV Hatice DOĞAN University of Gaziantep, TURKEY

Erhan ESER Fahrettin HOCAOĞLU Gazi University, TURKEY

İbrahim YİĞİTOĞLU Hüseyin KOÇ Gaziosmanpasa University, TURKEY

Kutsal BOZKURT Turgay KURŞUN Yildiz Technical University, TURKEY

Bayram DEMİR Istanbul University, TURKEY

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