Telecom Sector in India: a Decadal Profile
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Telecommunications Regulation - Competition - ICT Access in the Asia Pacific Region
Telecommunications Regulation - Competition - ICT Access in the Asia Pacific Region Prepared by Hon David Butcher February 2010 Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................... - 1 - List of Tables ........................................................................................................... - 1 - List of Figures.......................................................................................................... - 2 - List of Appendixes................................................................................................... - 2 - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations........................................................................ - 2 - Glossary of Terms.................................................................................................... - 3 - 1. Introduction..................................................................................................... - 5 - 1.1 Background......................................................................................................- 5 - 1.2 Adapt to Change...............................................................................................- 6 - 2. Importance of Telecommunications ................................................................ - 7 - 2.1 Potential Market................................................................................................- 7 - 2.2 Economic Benefits.............................................................................................- -
Regulatory Bottlenecks of Wireless Expansion of Internet in India
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Omkarappa, Bhavya; Benseny, Jaume; Hämmäinen, Heikki Conference Paper Regulatory Bottlenecks of Wireless Expansion of Internet in India 29th European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS): "Towards a Digital Future: Turning Technology into Markets?", Trento, Italy, 1st - 4th August, 2018 Provided in Cooperation with: International Telecommunications Society (ITS) Suggested Citation: Omkarappa, Bhavya; Benseny, Jaume; Hämmäinen, Heikki (2018) : Regulatory Bottlenecks of Wireless Expansion of Internet in India, 29th European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS): "Towards a Digital Future: Turning Technology into Markets?", Trento, Italy, 1st - 4th August, 2018, International Telecommunications Society (ITS), Calgary This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/184934 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. -
Low-Cost Wireless Internet System for Rural India Using Geosynchronous Satellite in an Inclined Orbit
Low-cost Wireless Internet System for Rural India using Geosynchronous Satellite in an Inclined Orbit Karan Desai Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Electrical Engineering Timothy Pratt, Chair Jeffrey H. Reed J. Michael Ruohoniemi April 28, 2011 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Internet, Low-cost, Rural Communication, Wireless, Geostationary Satellite, Inclined Orbit Copyright 2011, Karan Desai Low-cost Wireless Internet System for Rural India using Geosynchronous Satellite in an Inclined Orbit Karan Desai ABSTRACT Providing affordable Internet access to rural populations in large developing countries to aid economic and social progress, using various non-conventional techniques has been a topic of active research recently. The main obstacle in providing fiber-optic based terrestrial Internet links to remote villages is the cost involved in laying the cable network and disproportionately low rate of return on investment due to low density of paid users. The conventional alternative to this is providing Internet access using geostationary satellite links, which can prove commercially infeasible in predominantly cost-driven rural markets in developing economies like India or China due to high access cost per user. A low-cost derivative of the conventional satellite-based Internet access system can be developed by utilizing an aging geostationary satellite nearing the end of its active life, allowing it to enter an inclined geosynchronous orbit by limiting station keeping to only east-west maneuvers to save fuel. Eliminating the need for individual satellite receiver modules by using one centrally located earth station per village and providing last mile connectivity using Wi-Fi can further reduce the access cost per user. -
Broadband Access Technologies for Rural Connectivity in Developing Countries
312 International Journal of Research and Reviews in Computer Science (IJRRCS) Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2011 Broadband Access Technologies for Rural Connectivity in Developing Countries F. Simba 1(Corresponding Author), B.M. Mwinyiwiwa 1, E.M. Mjema 1, L. Trojer 2, N.H. Mvungi 3. 1College of Engineering and Technology of the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 2Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden. 3College of Informatics and Virtual Education of the University of Dodoma, Tanzania. Abstract : Rural areas especially those of the developing Optical fiber technology is another option for access countries provide challenging environment to implement networks; it provides a huge amount of bandwidth in the communication infrastructure for data and Internet based services. range of Gbps. A single strand of fiber offers total The main challenges are the high cost of network implementation bandwidths of 25,000 GHz. Passive Optical Networks and lack of customer base, as rural areas are characterized by low (PONs) are widely deployed to implement the fiber optic income, highly scattered and low population density. This situation drives network operators to establish network infrastructures in access networks [2]. A PON is usually viewed as the final urban/city centers leaving rural areas as underserved community. segment of optical fiber-to-the home (FTTH) or close to it This paper surveys the available connectivity technologies with (FTTx). Commercially available and widely deployed PON potentials to offer broadband access network to rural areas. The access networks are the IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet PON scope of this survey is on wireless access technologies, due to the (EPON) with a symmetric rate of 1.25 Gb/s, or the ITU-T´s fact that they are efficient in terms of cost, time of deployment and G.984 Gigabit PON (GPON) with an upstream rate of 1.244 network management for rural environment. -
Civil Service Law
Unofficial Translation Final Version of CS Law 06/09/ 005, Zarif Waez CIVIL SERVICE LAW CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS Basis: Article 1 In accordance with Article 50 of the Afghanistan Constitution, this Law has been enacted to establish sound administration, to implement reforms in the administrative system, and to regulate the activities of the Civil Service. Objectives: Article 2 This Law has the following objectives: 1. To establish sound administration through the planning and implementation of reform of the country’s administrative system. 2. To determine the duties of Civil Service. 3. To fill Civil Service posts on merit and competency. 4. To regulate personnel management arrangements and duties of civil servants. Civil Service: Article 3 The Civil Service performs all the executive and administrative activities of the Government based on provisions in law. The Civil Service includes the following activities: 1. Manages, regulates and delivers government services. 2. Develops policies, and provides and offers professional advice. 3. Develops, prepares and implement laws, decrees and relevant regulations Civil Servant: Article 4 1) A civil servant is a person appointed by the Government to perform its executive and administrative duties based on the provisions in law. The ranks and grades of civil servants will be regulated according to the relevant legal document. 2) Any person who is not included in the ranks and grades described in Clause 1 of this Article is not considered to be a civil servant. 1 Chapter 2 Independent Administrative Reform and Civil Service Commission (IARCSC) Leadership of IARCSC: Article 5: 1) The IARCSC is established in order to lead, regulate, reform, formulate and implement structure policies of public administration system. -
The Admission of Government Agency Reports Under Federal Rule of Evidence 803(8)(C) by John D
The Admission of Government Agency Reports under Federal Rule of Evidence 803(8)(c) By John D. Winter and Adam P. Blumenkrantz or (B) matters observed pursuant having hearsay evidence admitted under to duty imposed by law as to which Rule 803(8)(c) follow from the justifica- matters there was a duty to report, tions for adopting the rule in the first excluding, however, in criminal cases place. The hearsay exception is premised matters observed by police officers on several conditions. First, the rule as- and other law enforcement person- sumes that government employees will nel, or (C) in civil actions . factual carry out their official duties in an honest 2 John D. Winter Adam P. Blumenkrantz findings resulting from an investiga- and thorough manner. This assump- tion made pursuant to authority tion results in the rule’s presumption of n product liability and other tort ac- granted by law, unless the sources of reliability. Second, the rule is based on the tions, plaintiffs may seek to introduce information or other circumstances government’s ability to investigate and re- Igovernment records or documents, indicate lack of trustworthiness. port on complex issues raised in many cas- federal and nonfederal alike, to establish es, from product liability claims to section one or more elements of their claims. In This article focuses specifically on 1983 actions against government officials. this regard, plaintiffs attempt to rely on the third prong of the rule: the use of Government agencies generally possess reports or letters written by government agency records in civil actions that result levels of expertise, resources, and experi- agencies responsible for overseeing the from an agency investigation made ence, including access to information that health, safety, and consumer aspects pursuant to authority granted by law. -
Digital Media: Rise of On-Demand Content 2 Contents
Digital Media: Rise of On-demand Content www.deloitte.com/in 2 Contents Foreword 04 Global Trends: Transition to On-Demand Content 05 Digital Media Landscape in India 08 On-demand Ecosystem in India 13 Prevalent On-Demand Content Monetization Models 15 On-Demand Content: Music Streaming 20 On-Demand Content: Video Streaming 28 Conclusion 34 Acknowledgements 35 References 36 3 Foreword Welcome to the Deloitte’s point of view about the rise key industry trends and developments in key sub-sectors. of On-demand Content consumption through digital In some cases, we seek to identify the drivers behind platforms in India. major inflection points and milestones while in others Deloitte’s aim with this point of view is to catalyze our intent is to explain fundamental challenges and discussions around significant developments that may roadblocks that might need due consideration. We also require companies or governments to respond. Deloitte aim to cover the different monetization methods that provides a view on what may happen, what could likely the players are experimenting with in the evolving Indian occur as a consequence, and the likely implications for digital content market in order to come up with the various types of ecosystem players. most optimal operating model. This publication is inspired by the huge opportunity Arguably, the bigger challenge in identification of the Hemant Joshi presented by on-demand content, especially digital future milestones about this evolving industry and audio and video in India. Our objective with this report ecosystem is not about forecasting what technologies is to analyze the key market trends in past, and expected or services will emerge or be enhanced, but in how they developments in the near to long-term future which will be adopted. -
India and China
India and China: A Comparative Analysis of Mobile Phones in Agriculture By C2014 Prashanthi Bonthu Submitted to the graduate degree program in Global and International Studies and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. ________________________________ Chairperson Professor Eric Hanley ________________________________ Committee Member Professor Darlene Budd ________________________________ Committee Member Professor John James Kennedy Date Defended: Feb 3rd , 2014 The Thesis Committee for Prashanthi Bonthu certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: India and China: A Comparative Analysis of Mobile Phones in Agriculture ________________________________ Chairperson Professor Eric Hanley Date approved: Feb 3, 2014 ii Abstract In 2010, China and India were named the first and second largest mobile phone markets in the world based on their number of subscribers. India and China have focused on extending their telecommunication services into rural areas for socio-economic benefits. Both countries liberalized and privatized the industry under different political regimes utilizing different strategies. The aim of this thesis is to examine the collaborative efforts of public and private agencies in India and the role they do in disseminating information to farmers through mobile phones when compared to the government agencies in China that have been created to share that information in order to determine which program is more effective. To answer this question, the thesis compares Indian and Chinese policies and programs enacted to encourage sales and use of mobile phones in the agricultural sector to increase efficiency and encourage growth. As free market principles and private for-profit corporations are generally more efficient than government agencies, this thesis hypothesizes that the policies and development initiatives taken by the Indian government are more successful in disseminating information than the government agency approach followed by China. -
Bridging the Last Mile: an Exploration of Ict Policy Through Bharatnet
BRIDGING THE LAST MILE: AN EXPLORATION OF ICT POLICY THROUGH BHARATNET Deepti Bharthur A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2015 Committee: Radhika Gajjala, Advisor Shannon Orr Graduate Faculty Representative Oliver Boyd-Barrett Clayton Rosati © 2015 Deepti Bharthur All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Radhika Gajjala, Advisor India is brimming with new optimism about its economic growth potential and ability to enhance its status. Democratic and demographic dividends play a crucial role in its aspiration. As a key IT player with regard to the services and allied sectors its transformation from telecom as a luxury to appreciable levels of teledensity is a narrative in itself. Its tryst with harnessing communication for development integrates the modernization approaches with all the consequent set of problems and issues. The liberal framework in which telecom reforms were initiated have spread the vision of modern handheld communication devices as harbingers of empowerment, entitlement and entertainment. Connectivity and access in the last mile is no doubt a significant variable and required a major policy articulation and push by the government. It was against this reality shared by many other nations that incremental articulations for broadband access in keeping with the vision of creating an information society were made. Through a historical institutional analysis, this study unravels the pattern leading -
7: GERMANY Dr
7: GERMANY Dr. Elke Löffler, Public Sector Consultant, Birmingham, UK Overviewi The New Public Management approaches pursued in New Zealand and the UK have evoked little interest in the central or federal governments of some major and successful economies, notably Germany and Japan. Public demand for service improvements in Germany was considerably less than in the UK and other New Public Management countries, arguably at least partly because the baseline of public service quality was perceived by citizens as higher. As a result, there was no real perceived need to engage in radical public sector reforms in Germany. Furthermore, the strong legalistic tradition of the German public administration, when taken together with the strong position of trade unions and staff councils and the decentralized structure of the German federalist system, also encouraged gradual reforms, and gradual reforms based on pilots and employee involvement. In Germany, the public management agenda of the early 1990s was dominated by the Unification process and related public sector transformation policies that imposed the structure and principles of West German public administration on the new Laender, the former East Germany. Only later, with the fiscal crisis that resulted from Unification was there some wider interest in New Public Management approaches within the German public sector. There has since been a degree of bottom-up experimentation with certain elements of New Public Management reforms at local levels in Germany. Subsequently the Laender, as well as some Federal agencies, have shown some interest in pursuing managerial reforms. But given the more equal balance between the legislative, judicial and executive branches in the German system as compared to Westminster-system countries, the pursuit of managerial reforms should not have been expected to – and did not in practice – override the prevailing fundamental legal and political processes in the German system. -
Bills, Budgets Fiscal Notes
A Legislative Guide to Bills, Budgets & Fiscal Notes Office of the Legislative Fiscal Analyst W310 State Capitol Complex Salt Lake City, Utah 84114‐5310 Office (801) 538‐1034 FAX (801) 538‐1692 http://legislature.utah.gov/lfa/index.htm Revised 8‐2008 Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 The Legislative Fiscal Analyst 3 How a Bill Becomes a Law 6 Bill Types 7 The Legislature Sets the State Budget 7 Consensus Revenue Estimates 8 All Legislators Sit on Budget Subcommittees 8 Budget Subcommittee Hearings 9 Ranking Funding Requests 10 Budget Bills 11 Performance Measures 12 Introduction to Fiscal Notes 13 What do Fiscal Notes Look Like? 14 Fiscal Note Types 14 The Analyst “Owns” the Note 15 Presession Budget Calendar 16 Session Calendar 19 The Fiscal Note Process 21 How to Respond to a Fiscal Note Worksheet 24 Fiscal Note Worksheet Tips 27 Glossary 35 Analysts by Assignment i Introduction This guide includes: • How a bill becomes law • Session rules, and deadlines • Budgets • Fiscal notes • Glossary of terms • Fiscal analysts by assignment The Legislative Fiscal Analyst The Legislative Fiscal Analyst (LFA or the Analyst) advises the Legislature on money matters. The Analyst: • Has a staff of about 20: analysts, economists, secretaries and DP support • Staffs Executive Appropriations Committee • Staffs ten appropriations subcommittees • Makes budget recommendations for state government • Writes fiscal notes • Writes the budget bills 1 How a Bill Becomes a Law A citizen advocate, special interest group, or government agency tells a legislator about a problem and the Legislator decides, “There ought to be a law.” (This example follows a bill that starts in the House of Representatives.) Attorneys Draft a Bill The legislator asks Legislative Research and General Counsel (LRGC) to draft legislation. -
Grant to Provide Volunteer Taxpayer Assistance Services
Changes to Fiscal Year 2022-2023 Request for Proposals: Grant to Provide Volunteer Taxpayer Assistance Services On July 2, 2021, the Minnesota Department of Revenue made two changes to the Request for Proposal originally posted on June 30, 2021. These changes are detailed on pages 6-7, under Part One, Grant Overview and page 11, under Part Three, Proposal Content and Format. 1. “Eligible Organization” was expanded based on the grant appropriation language passed during the Special Session. The new language is: “Eligible organization” means an organization that meets the definition provided in section 7526A(e)(2)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986” New for FY22-23: Eligible Organization The applicant must be classified as one of these: • A private or public non-profit organization that qualified for and received an IRS determination letter confirming the organization’s tax exemption under section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code, including but not limited to credit unions and faith-based and community organizations • A public, non-profit, or proprietary (privately owned, profit-making) college, university, vocational school, or other postsecondary educational institution • A local government agency including a county or municipal government agency and an Indian tribe including any tribally designated housing entity or other wholly owned tribal entity • A regional, statewide, or local coalition with one lead organization that meets one of the eligibility requirements noted above; the lead organization filing the application must have a substantive role in the coalition • In the case of applicable taxpayers and members of underserved populations as defined in section 7526A, to which no organizations described above are available, a state government agency or Cooperative Extension office as established by a land-grant college or university are also eligible 2.