Broadband Access Technologies for Rural Connectivity in Developing Countries
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Telecommunications Regulation - Competition - ICT Access in the Asia Pacific Region
Telecommunications Regulation - Competition - ICT Access in the Asia Pacific Region Prepared by Hon David Butcher February 2010 Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................... - 1 - List of Tables ........................................................................................................... - 1 - List of Figures.......................................................................................................... - 2 - List of Appendixes................................................................................................... - 2 - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations........................................................................ - 2 - Glossary of Terms.................................................................................................... - 3 - 1. Introduction..................................................................................................... - 5 - 1.1 Background......................................................................................................- 5 - 1.2 Adapt to Change...............................................................................................- 6 - 2. Importance of Telecommunications ................................................................ - 7 - 2.1 Potential Market................................................................................................- 7 - 2.2 Economic Benefits.............................................................................................- -
Regulatory Bottlenecks of Wireless Expansion of Internet in India
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Omkarappa, Bhavya; Benseny, Jaume; Hämmäinen, Heikki Conference Paper Regulatory Bottlenecks of Wireless Expansion of Internet in India 29th European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS): "Towards a Digital Future: Turning Technology into Markets?", Trento, Italy, 1st - 4th August, 2018 Provided in Cooperation with: International Telecommunications Society (ITS) Suggested Citation: Omkarappa, Bhavya; Benseny, Jaume; Hämmäinen, Heikki (2018) : Regulatory Bottlenecks of Wireless Expansion of Internet in India, 29th European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS): "Towards a Digital Future: Turning Technology into Markets?", Trento, Italy, 1st - 4th August, 2018, International Telecommunications Society (ITS), Calgary This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/184934 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. -
Low-Cost Wireless Internet System for Rural India Using Geosynchronous Satellite in an Inclined Orbit
Low-cost Wireless Internet System for Rural India using Geosynchronous Satellite in an Inclined Orbit Karan Desai Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Electrical Engineering Timothy Pratt, Chair Jeffrey H. Reed J. Michael Ruohoniemi April 28, 2011 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Internet, Low-cost, Rural Communication, Wireless, Geostationary Satellite, Inclined Orbit Copyright 2011, Karan Desai Low-cost Wireless Internet System for Rural India using Geosynchronous Satellite in an Inclined Orbit Karan Desai ABSTRACT Providing affordable Internet access to rural populations in large developing countries to aid economic and social progress, using various non-conventional techniques has been a topic of active research recently. The main obstacle in providing fiber-optic based terrestrial Internet links to remote villages is the cost involved in laying the cable network and disproportionately low rate of return on investment due to low density of paid users. The conventional alternative to this is providing Internet access using geostationary satellite links, which can prove commercially infeasible in predominantly cost-driven rural markets in developing economies like India or China due to high access cost per user. A low-cost derivative of the conventional satellite-based Internet access system can be developed by utilizing an aging geostationary satellite nearing the end of its active life, allowing it to enter an inclined geosynchronous orbit by limiting station keeping to only east-west maneuvers to save fuel. Eliminating the need for individual satellite receiver modules by using one centrally located earth station per village and providing last mile connectivity using Wi-Fi can further reduce the access cost per user. -
Internet Access in Rural Areas: Brake Or Stimulus As Post-Covid-19 Opportunity?
sustainability Article Internet Access in Rural Areas: Brake or Stimulus as Post-Covid-19 Opportunity? Irune Ruiz-Martínez * and Javier Esparcia Research Institute for Local Development, University of Valencia, Carrer del Serpis 29, 46022 Valencia, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 September 2020; Accepted: 16 November 2020; Published: 18 November 2020 Abstract: The lack of internet access in most rural areas has become a challenge worldwide. The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted trends such as teleworking and e-commerce, meaning an opportunity for the local economy of these areas, but with serious difficulties in carrying it out. This paper aims to detect this lack of internet in inland areas of the region of Valencia through local actors, in order to identify clear priorities and real needs through an explorative and replicable approach based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The main findings suggest that there are different patterns in the rural internet access related to adequate infrastructure and planned actions by local councils. In this way, a multitude of contextual elements have emerged that influence the importance of efficient access to the internet in rural areas. It is essential to know the real needs and demands of the population before implementing plans and programs that may not be relevant for the actors involved in territorial development. Keywords: depopulation; rural-urban; internet access 1. Introduction Depopulation and rural–urban inequalities are determining the course of public decisions. Local, provincial or regional administrations have been trying to implement measures and initiatives such as rural hubs [1], and to respond to another of the demands that is most notably unsatisfied. -
Broadband Internet's Value for Rural America
United States Department of Agriculture Broadband Internet’s Economic Research Value for Rural America Service Economic Peter Stenberg, Mitchell Morehart, Stephen Vogel, Research John Cromartie, Vince Breneman, and Dennis Brown Report Number 78 August 2009 da.gov .us rs .e w Visit Our Website To Learn More! w w www.ers.usda.gov National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: Broadband Internet’s value for rural America. (Economic research report (United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service); no. 78) 1. Internet—Economic aspects—United States. 2. Rural development—United States. I. Stenberg, Peter. II. United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service. III. Title. HF54.56 Photo credits: Jupiterimages, Corbis, and Eyewire The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and, where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., -
Digital Media: Rise of On-Demand Content 2 Contents
Digital Media: Rise of On-demand Content www.deloitte.com/in 2 Contents Foreword 04 Global Trends: Transition to On-Demand Content 05 Digital Media Landscape in India 08 On-demand Ecosystem in India 13 Prevalent On-Demand Content Monetization Models 15 On-Demand Content: Music Streaming 20 On-Demand Content: Video Streaming 28 Conclusion 34 Acknowledgements 35 References 36 3 Foreword Welcome to the Deloitte’s point of view about the rise key industry trends and developments in key sub-sectors. of On-demand Content consumption through digital In some cases, we seek to identify the drivers behind platforms in India. major inflection points and milestones while in others Deloitte’s aim with this point of view is to catalyze our intent is to explain fundamental challenges and discussions around significant developments that may roadblocks that might need due consideration. We also require companies or governments to respond. Deloitte aim to cover the different monetization methods that provides a view on what may happen, what could likely the players are experimenting with in the evolving Indian occur as a consequence, and the likely implications for digital content market in order to come up with the various types of ecosystem players. most optimal operating model. This publication is inspired by the huge opportunity Arguably, the bigger challenge in identification of the Hemant Joshi presented by on-demand content, especially digital future milestones about this evolving industry and audio and video in India. Our objective with this report ecosystem is not about forecasting what technologies is to analyze the key market trends in past, and expected or services will emerge or be enhanced, but in how they developments in the near to long-term future which will be adopted. -
Bridging the Last Mile: an Exploration of Ict Policy Through Bharatnet
BRIDGING THE LAST MILE: AN EXPLORATION OF ICT POLICY THROUGH BHARATNET Deepti Bharthur A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2015 Committee: Radhika Gajjala, Advisor Shannon Orr Graduate Faculty Representative Oliver Boyd-Barrett Clayton Rosati © 2015 Deepti Bharthur All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Radhika Gajjala, Advisor India is brimming with new optimism about its economic growth potential and ability to enhance its status. Democratic and demographic dividends play a crucial role in its aspiration. As a key IT player with regard to the services and allied sectors its transformation from telecom as a luxury to appreciable levels of teledensity is a narrative in itself. Its tryst with harnessing communication for development integrates the modernization approaches with all the consequent set of problems and issues. The liberal framework in which telecom reforms were initiated have spread the vision of modern handheld communication devices as harbingers of empowerment, entitlement and entertainment. Connectivity and access in the last mile is no doubt a significant variable and required a major policy articulation and push by the government. It was against this reality shared by many other nations that incremental articulations for broadband access in keeping with the vision of creating an information society were made. Through a historical institutional analysis, this study unravels the pattern leading -
Connecting the Countryside: Understanding Rural Broadband Expansion in Wisconsin
LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE BUREAU Connecting the Countryside: Understanding Rural Broadband Expansion in Wisconsin Jillian Slaight, PHD legislative analyst WISCONSIN POLICY PROJECT • September 2019, Volume 2, Number 10 © 2019 Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau One East Main Street, Suite 200, Madison, Wisconsin 53703 http://legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb • 608-504-5801 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. Introduction Between 1930 and 1940, electricity spread across rural Wisconsin communities, with al- most all farms electrified by the early 1950s.1 Federal investments under President Frank- lin D. Roosevelt enabled this change, as the creation of the Rural Electrification Admin- istration in 1935 incentivized private utilities, cooperatives, and local governments to provide electricity to rural customers.2 Together, federal and state initiatives promised to close a wide infrastructure gap separating rural Americans from the rest of the country. While government initiatives successfully electrified the countryside nearly a cen- tury ago, recent attempts to close the gap between urban and rural Internet access have faltered: nearly a third of rural Americans (30.7 percent) still lack access to high-speed Internet, also known as broadband.3 The consequences of such a technological disparity are as significant as they were in the 1940s; today, a lack of Internet access forecloses var- ious social, economic, and educational opportunities. But despite these incentives and immense technological advances, broadband expansion takes place in fits and starts, to the frustration of rural residents. -
Overview of Internet Service Provider Technology Considerations for Rural
Overview of Internet service provider technology considerations for rural broadband deployments Prepared by Paul Garnett & Sid Roberts from the Microsoft Airband Initiative Team June 2018 Below, we provide an explanation of the different technologies our Internet service provider partners are using to deploy broadband networks in rural areas and the role that we expect TV white space technologies to play. As we noted in our Rural Airband Initiative announcement, the most cost-effective approach to closing the digital divide for the 19.4 million people in rural areas in the United States lacking broadband access is to rely on a mixture of available technologies (a “tool kit approach”). This same approach is relevant to rural deployments in other markets. To deliver broadband access to prospective customers, an Internet service provider will consider a variety of available technologies – from satellite communications technologies to terrestrial fixed wireless technologies to fiber-optic connections. High capacity fiber-optic and other wired technologies, along with emerging higher frequency wireless technologies, are typically most cost effective for highly dense suburban and urban areas. Satellite communications technologies are typically the most cost effective for the remotest rural areas. Our partners are focused on areas that have lower population densities than areas where fiber is most cost-effective and are higher in population density than areas where satellite is most cost-effective. In these areas, our partners are primarily focused on using terrestrial (i.e., non- satellite) fixed wireless technologies that operate on an unlicensed or lightly-licensed basis (i.e., without the need to compete and buy an expensive exclusive use spectrum license from the Federal Communications Commission). -
Community Networks: the Internet by the People, for the People
Community Networks: the Internet by the People, for the People Official Outcome of the UN IGF Dynamic Coalition on Community Connectivity United Nations Internet Governance Forum Geneva, December 2017 Edition produced by FGV Direito Rio Praia de Botafogo, 190 | 13th floor Rio de Janeiro | RJ | Brasil | Zip code: 22250-900 55 (21) 3799-5445 www.fgv.br/direitorio Community Networks: the Internet by the People, for the People Official Outcome of the UN IGF Dynamic Coalition on Community Connectivity Edited by Luca Belli Preface by Kathryn Brown and Jan Dröge FGV Direito Rio Edition Licensed in Creative Commons Attribution — NonCommercial — NoDerivs Printed in Brazil 1st edition finalized in 2017, November This book was approved by the Editorial Board of FGV Direito Rio, and is in the Legal Deposit Division of the National Library. Coordination: Rodrigo Vianna, Sérgio França e Thaís Mesquita Book cover: Andreza Moreira Layout: Andreza Moreira Reviewer: Luca Belli Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Mario Henrique Simonsen/FGV Community networks: the Internet by the people, for the people. Official outcome of the UN IGF Dynamic Coalition on Community Connectivity / Edited by Luca Belli; preface by Kathryn Brown and Jan Dröge. – Rio de Janeiro : Escola de Direito do Rio de Janeiro da Fundação Getulio Vargas, 2017. 242 p. Inclui bibliografia. ISBN: 978-85-9597-010-6 1. Internet – Política governamental. 2. Redes de computadores – Aspectos sociais. 3. Telecomunicações. 4. Comunicação no desenvolvimento da comunidade. I. Belli, Luca. II. Escola de Direito do Rio de Janeiro da Fundação Getulio Vargas. CDD – 384.3 The opinions expressed in this book are the responsibility of the authors. -
Global Diffusion of the Internet - I: India: Is the Elephant Learning to Dance? Peter Wolcott University of Nebraska at Omaha, [email protected]
Communications of the Association for Information Systems Volume 11 Article 32 April 2003 Global Diffusion of the Internet - I: India: Is the Elephant Learning to Dance? Peter Wolcott University of Nebraska at Omaha, [email protected] Seymour E. Goodman Georgia Institute of Technology, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://aisel.aisnet.org/cais Recommended Citation Wolcott, Peter and Goodman, Seymour E. (2003) "Global Diffusion of the Internet - I: India: Is the Elephant Learning to Dance?," Communications of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 11 , Article 32. DOI: 10.17705/1CAIS.01132 Available at: https://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/vol11/iss1/32 This material is brought to you by the AIS Journals at AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). It has been accepted for inclusion in Communications of the Association for Information Systems by an authorized administrator of AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). For more information, please contact [email protected]. 560 Communications of the Association for Information Systems (Volume 11, 2003)560-646 GLOBAL DIFFUSION OF THE INTERNET I: INDIA: IS THE ELEPHANT LEARNING TO DANCE? PETER WOLCOTT College of Information Science & Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha [email protected] SEYMOUR GOODMAN College of Computing and the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs Georgia Institute of Technology ABSTRACT With his proclamation in 1998 that "IT is India's tomorrow", Prime Minister Vajpayee captured a vision of a 21st century India substantially different from that of the previous century, with its high levels of poverty, bloated bureaucracies, and protectionist policies. He envisioned the new India as a major IT power, fully integrated with the global economy, bringing about substantial domestic and international benefit. -
The Impact of Internet Use on Income: the Case of Rural Ghana
sustainability Article The Impact of Internet Use on Income: The Case of Rural Ghana Anthony Siaw , Yuansheng Jiang * , Martinson Ankrah Twumasi and Wonder Agbenyo College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (M.A.T.); [email protected] (W.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 February 2020; Accepted: 6 April 2020; Published: 17 April 2020 Abstract: This study analyzed the effects of internet use on farm income and household income using survey data from 478 rural farmers from two regions in Ghana. An endogenous switching regression (ESR) model and probit models were employed to achieve the aims of the study. The results revealed that internet use was influenced by off-farm employment, education, access to credit, non-fixed asset (NFA), age, and perception variables. We found that internet use increased farm income and household income by 20.1% and 15.47%, respectively. Regarding heterogeneous impacts, the estimates showed that internet use reduced farm income by 18.12% for farm households that participated in off-farm activities but increased farm income by 14.66% for households that had access to NFA. The estimates also indicated that internet use increased household income by 31.77% for farm households that engaged in off-farm employment and by 15.33% for those that had access to NFA. Furthermore, internet use increased the household income for households that did not engage in off-farm activities by 24.85%. The findings of this study will contribute significantly to the existing literature on information communication technology (ICT) in developing countries by providing a new reference for improving rural development and solving the problem of poverty.