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Tarmizi Taher A. G. Muhaimin Chusnul Hajati Ali Munhanif

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Tarmizi Taher A. G. Muhaimin Chusnul Hajati Ali Munhanif 1 INDONESIAN JOURNAL FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES Volume 3, Number 2, 1996 CHANGING THE: IMAGE OF ISLAM AND MUSLIM WORLD: INDONESIAN EXERCISES Tarmizi Taher GOD AND SPIRITUAL BEINGS IN CIREBON-JAVANESE BELIEF SYSTEM: A RELUCTANT CONTTHIBUTION AGAINST THE SYNCRETIC ARGUMENT •· A. G. Muhaimin THIE TRAGEDY OF CIMAREME: THE RESISTANCE OF HAJI HASAN TO THE COLONIAL POWER IN 1919 Chusnul Hajati THE /(H/TTAHOF 1926 REEXAMINED: VIEWS OF THE NU IN POST-CIPASUNG CONGRESS Ali Munhanif ISSN 0215-0492 STUDIA ISLA.MIKA Indonesian Joumal for lslalmic Studies Volume 3, Number 2, 11~96 EDITORIAL BOARD: Harun Nasution Mastubu M. Quraisb Sbibab A Az'iz Dahlan M. Sa tria Effendi Nabi/ab Lubis M. Yunan Yusuf Koman1ddin Hidayut M. Din Syamsuddin Mrulfm Nasutlon Wabib Mu 'tbi EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Aryumardi Azra EDITORS: Saiful Mujani Hendro Prasetyo johem H. Meulemnr.t Didin Syafmddin A.li Mrmhanif ASSISTANTS TO THE EDITOR: Arief Subban HeniN11roni ENGliSH LANGUAGE ADVISOR: judith M Der1t ARABIC UNGUAGE ADVISOR: fiuad M. Fncbruddin COYER DESIGNER: S.Prinka STUD!A ISLAMIKA (lSSN 0215-0492) is a JOUrnal published quarterly by the lnstitut Agama Islam Negeri (lAIN, The State Institute for Islamic Srudfes) Syarif Hidayarullah,jakarta. (SlT DEPPEN No. 129/SK/DlTJEN/PPGtSTr/ 1976) and sponsored by the Deparunent of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. It specializes in Indonesian Islamic studies, and is tnlended to communr· cate o.riginal researches and current issues on the subject. This journal wannly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disoplines. All an ides published do not necessarily represent the views of !he Journal, or other insnrution5 to which it is affiltated. They are solely the views of the authors. Current Issue The Khittah of 1926 Reexamined: Views of the ]~ in Post-Cipasung Congress Abstraksi: Ketika berdiri pada.tah.m 1926 di Surabaya, Nahdlatul Ulam1 (NU) sebenamya dimaksudkan sebagai organisasi ulama yang bergerak dalam bidang sosial-kedgamaan. Konsentrasi perjuangan dan kegiatan mganisasipt.m berben­ tuk pada pengembangar.! masyarakat Muslim, Indonesia dalam !apangan sosial­ budayaseperti pendidika1'1., pengajaran, pelayanan kesebatan dan pengembangan ekonomi umat. Dalam kwangka itulah, untuk kemudian, para ttfamadan tokoh organisasi ini merumu.skan sebuah visi NU yang dikenal den.gan Khitrah 1926. Setelah untuk masa ·yang lama kiprah NU merryimpang dari Khittab yang digariskanrrya, dengan ;rn.emas~tki dunia politik prakti.s - bergammg dalam Masyumi, numjadi Parta:i NV, berfusi dalam PPP-pada Muktamamya yang ke 27 di Situborulo, 198'4, duet KH. Abdurrahman Wahid dan KH. Ahmad Siddiq, be?-hasil membawa NU kembali kepada Khittah 1926. Keputusan ittt ber-arti mengeutarkandiri darijeratanpolitikpraktis dan rnengutamakanpengem­ bangan masyarakat Muslim Indonesia secara budtzya. Penegasan NU kemb,:lli ke Khittah 1926 itu te?-n:yatasamasekali tidak mem­ perlemah posi.si ta.war-Jr.1£11awar NU dal:tm politik nasiorwL Bahkan, dalam banyak ha4 NU di bawt.rh Wahid menjadisalah satu kekuata.n Islam yang mem­ punyai akses sosial politik~ yang sangat modern: menumbuhkanMasyarakat sipil (civil society}, menega.skan sikap atas dominasi negara dan men.gembangkan visi tentang paham kebangsaan dan dmwkrasi. Melihat kenyataan ini, negara beru­ paya membendung gerah. sosialpolitik NV, atau sekaligus ingin menariknya ke dalam jaluryang dapat dikontrol. Tetapi, kuatnya orientasi kekuasaan yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat NU merryebabkan tarikan masuk ke dunia politik tett~p saja terjadi. Ada tiga foktor yang mendasarinya: pen'ttma, NV adalah orma.s yang mempunyai basis massa pedesaan yang besar. Kedutt, pandangan romantis tentang keja:yaan politik NU pada masc~ Orcle Lama, dan ketiga, mudahnya organisasi keagamaan semacam NU dimanipzdasi untuXe kepentingan politik. Di sini, jebakanjebakan untuk membawa NU menjadi kuda tunggangpolitik- dan dengan sendirinya meng­ uji visi Khittah 1926-a:kan tetap berlangsung. Wajar jika belum lagi 10 tahzm setelah kembali ke Khittah 1926 dicanang- SS Studi.t {f/nmiku, Vol; 3, No. 2, 1991, 86 Currmtlsrut kan, tarikan untuk merr.yeret NV kedalam pusaran politik kembali terjadt. Palla Muktamar ke 29 di Cipasung padd. 1994, terjadi krisis internal NV yang dipictt oleb persaingan dalam mernperebutkan kursi kepemimpinan NV antara Wahid dan Abu Hasan. Tam;7ilrrya Abu Hasan barryak dipandang sebagai preseden bangkitrryasayap politiJ.~ NU Lebih dari itu, Hasan juga disokong secara tak lang· sungolehkekuatanpolitdelainyangmerupakanrepresentasidarikekuat-anmgara ~tate). Krisis itu berpuncak dengan diadakanrrya Muktarrutr Luar Biasa diikuti lahirrrya susunan Peng,r~rus Besar NU tamlingan pada 11 ]anuarz 1996, yang disebut Komite Pengun~ Pusat NV (KPPNU) dengan kett/ll. Abu Hasan Yang mengejutk.an, sikap elit politik Indonesia dalam meresponi terbentuk· rrya KPPNU itu tamfJ'zk ambivalen. Sebagaian memberi angin, dan sebagian yang lain lebih mengak,ui kepemimpinan Wahid sesuai dengan basil Muktamar Cipasung. Hal ini mengisyaratkan balrwa sedang terjadi bukan saja konflik ke· pentingandalamkaitannyadengan keberadaan NU, tetapi. juga perbedaanstrategi elit pufitik dalam perult.!katan terhadap masyardkat Muslim umumrrya. Di satu pihak, terdapta sebagian elit politik yang menginginkan NU (dan juga semua kekuatan Islam) terserap menjadi bagian dari ants besar bangkitnya Islam poli­ tik, tetttpi sebagian lain ,tnerzgharap agar NV tetap berjalanan sesuai dengan Khit· tah-nya. Serru~a ini tU:lak bisa di/epaskan dari kecendenmga/1. politik Ikatan Cendeki· awan Muslim Se-Indor.resia (ICMJ) yang semakin mencolok merepresentasikan kelmatan Islam politik yang terkooptasi oleh negara. Bagi kalangan elit politik tertentu, apabila NUberhasil masuk ke dalam gelombang Islam politik itu, maka legitirrutSi keagamaan dan politik atas ICMI semakin kuat pula. Dengan begitu, dukungan atas negara oleh maymitas umat Islam juga dttpal diperoleb. Dalam kontek.s in~ usaha zmutk menolak kepemimpinan Wahid dalam NV sebenar­ nya di.maksudkan sebagai usaha elit politik dalam memperbesa,·legitimasi atas negara. Meskipun, bu~m berarti bahwa rtsaba ini akan berjalan tanpa tantang­ an. Ini terutama akan muncul dari lutlangan masyarakta {bersarrut elitpolitik} yang mengkhawatirkan babwa kebangki.tan Islam politik yang terkooptasi oleh rzegara ituakanbernjungpadtt tumbuhrryasektarianisme dttn sumtrrya demokra­ tlsasi. Sekarang ini terdap.~t dua Pengurus Besar NV: di bawah Wahid dan Hasan. Dua kernungkinan yang mungkin terjadi untuk menyelesaikan krisis internal NV itzt. Pertarna, akan ditempuh ztsaha perdamaian antara kedz~ pemimpin NV itu melalui pendeleatan keku.asa.an dengan menghadirkan tokob lain yang dipilihnegara.Kedl~a,di.biarkannyakrisisituberlarutsampaisalahsaturryatengge­ lam. Dengan catatan, $(,jauh salahsatupemimpin NUitu(dalam hal ini Wahid) tidak mengganggu legitirrutSi politik atas JCMI dan negara. Studi""Jsl"'ruk,., Vol. J, No-11996 ~~ ....l4h; ~~J ~1 ..t.ioJ,AJ. ;;.., ... ~ ~ ~- ~; ~L....Wt ~~ ..:...ilS' ,~~~Jr ..; ''\ r 1 t:...... 4---:-- G- ~.J..:s. r.S; 0) .. ~..lll ~L..::.,. )It JL¢.1 .} !.\ _r-:J ~L.....WJ ~ ~.:I y.-)"! -~1 ~ JJ.j 'J I 1..5"'')L... 'J t c"__::A I _r- _,k; .} ,!.l.U.) 0 ~ t.J2.:J. t !.\ _j-J .:~4):.1 .r-:!#J ~\ ~~ )J ~IJ ~jJI ? dL.Q;,\1 ~L...:>.-)II Jl$.1 ~ 0y---. ~jwjJ 6....hJ.I ~~ ~ t).k)'l l..lA.} y)L.)'I 6.-o~l ~.:~L,a;.;l . \ '\ rl t:...... ~ JJ~I ~w.JI ~ ~J ~~JJ a... J-" )' ~~ o~ l.r~ ~~' ~ ~ ~ J _/1 ~_,k o..Lo ~ ._r-l.s;) (MASYUMQ ..s'"~ jJ 4-tl........Ai~ ~I L..l:-JI W.).} j>-.:~ J ~?" ~L....WI ~ ~:-"iJ -I..S"'')L.l ._,.., ?- pS'I- (~ JJ.jl ~ t..>;y JWI .:~L.j)ll ~ I.S; ...::... _,..a.;1 ~~ ~J ,~L....WI ~ y ?- r--4 L;-.L;-. .J!~ J t!l-.ll ~I _,-1./' ~ . (Partai Persatuan Pembangunan [PPPJ) ~ 0"::--! J l...a.; J 1-L>.- ·~ \ '\ At ;;.;.__.. (Situ bondo) IJ.j y. .f:-----' .} ...L4..:.1.1 (K.H. ,j--.-!...1.....:> ...L..-rf c.l.J-1 ~1_, (Abdurrahman Wahid) .G-IJ ~)I 6.;___. ~ J1 ..s__;->-i oJ,_... t->'") ~l....WI ~ ~ t..>.UI Ahmad Siddiq) 4..~1 .:_r-- (. J_,.J-1 ol..:. ..... o;yS' ..ill ~I J) t y>r )~ )_;ill l..lA J . \ '\ 'r '\ ~> ~ ~Jj,j'JI ~~')L...'fl ~I ..1-~ j...>JI 4J~J ~I y~l .ol.A!Jt .._;.LA.il iJ.s..l)) R ' '\" '\ L... ab:- J1 t Y'" )1 ~L....WI ~ 4li 01 Jly-~I ,y pS ~ J. ,~}I ~~I ~L. _,L... ~ ~w.JI ~ ~ J d I~; 4..SJ\11 y")\......,'il ...::...1~1 ..s~l u;L.... ...1.>-IJ y-)I~ o.:~\J J 4~ (t..>~l ~) ~ )-1 ~\ ~ :~I..J.l ~...1.>- l:--'-:-- ~L..::.,.I 87 SwdJtJ Jslarmka, Vol. J, No.2, 1996 88 Currmtlnu~ I..U. 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