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Leiserowitz Kristallnacht Engl..Pdf
PD Dr. Ruth Leiserowitz, GHI Warsaw Reverberations of Kristallnacht in the East Prussian province towns Keywords: East Prussia, Pogrom, Emigration; Kindertransport, (translated by Philip Jacobs) Preface There is almost no information about the period between November 1938, when synagogues were burned as well in the small towns of East Prussia, and the final act when the last Jews were deported from those places. Up to this point the research as has shown little interest in these details. In her study about the Königsberg Jews, Stefanie Schüler-Springorum does recount the end of the Jewish community there.1 Beyond that there are reports about this period from Michael Wieck2, Hella Wertheim3, Heinrich Wolffheim4 and Nechama Drober.5 These are basically in relation to the situation in Königsberg, yet in Hella Wertheim’s case to Insterburg as well. There has hardly been any inquiry into the circumstances of individual Jews in the smaller towns, let alone villages In the meantime, the generation who witnessed those events has died off and it is solely the papers and documents left behind which shed some light on what took place. However, there have been a few people who have shown 1 STEFANIE SCHÜLER-SPRINGORUM, Die jüdische Minderheit in Königsberg, Preußen. 1871 - 1945. Univ., Diss./94--Bochum, 1993, Göttingen 1996. 2 MICHAEL WIECK, Zeugnis vom Untergang Königsbergs: ein "Geltungsjude" berichtet, Heidelberg 1989. 3 HELLA WERTHEIM, MANFRED ROCKEL, Immer alles geduldig getragen. Als Mädchen in Theresienstadt, Auschwitz und Lenzing, seit 1945 in der Grafschaft Bentheim, Nordhorn 1993. 4 ALFRED GOTTWALDT, NS-Gewaltherrschaft. Beiträge zur historischen Forschung und juristischen Aufarbeitung, Berlin 2005. -
The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe by Kimberly Ann Twist a Dissertation Submitted In
The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe by Kimberly Ann Twist A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Jonah D. Levy, Chair Professor Jason Wittenberg Professor Jacob Citrin Professor Katerina Linos Spring 2015 The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe Copyright 2015 by Kimberly Ann Twist Abstract The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe by Kimberly Ann Twist Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Berkeley Professor Jonah D. Levy, Chair As long as far-right parties { known chiefly for their vehement opposition to immigration { have competed in contemporary Western Europe, scholars and observers have been concerned about these parties' implications for liberal democracy. Many originally believed that far- right parties would fade away due to a lack of voter support and their isolation by mainstream parties. Since 1994, however, far-right parties have been included in 17 governing coalitions across Western Europe. What explains the switch from exclusion to inclusion in Europe, and what drives mainstream-right parties' decisions to include or exclude the far right from coalitions today? My argument is centered on the cost of far-right exclusion, in terms of both office and policy goals for the mainstream right. I argue, first, that the major mainstream parties of Western Europe initially maintained the exclusion of the far right because it was relatively costless: They could govern and achieve policy goals without the far right. -
THE POPULIST RADICAL RIGHT in WESTERN EUROPE ELISABETH IVARSFLATEN and FRØY GUDBRANDSEN
THE POPULIST RADICAL RIGHT IN WESTERN EUROPE ELISABETH IVARSFLATEN and FRØY GUDBRANDSEN Populist radical right parties have become influential actors on electoral support has remained stable, at around 13%. The the political stage in several Western European democracies. Dansk Folkeparti’s programme centres on the public’s fears of Gaining votes mainly from the mid-1980s and onwards, they Denmark becoming a multi-ethnic society, and emphasizes the represent the most recent party family to have appeared on the need to protect the Danish language and culture. Through its political map of Western Europe. The populist radical right close co-operation with the Government, the Dansk Folkeparti parties group is more diverse than other party families in the has been particularly influential in this policy area. Other region, as it includes organizations that have clearly different central areas of issue for the party are care for the elderly and backgrounds and origins. The current unifying factors shared Euroscepticism. by the various populist radical right parties in programmatic Sweden: Sverigedemokraterna (Sweden Democrats) terms, are their calls for restrictions on immigration and on the ethnic, cultural, and religious diversification of Western Eur- At the Swedish general election of September 2010 Sverige- opean societies, and the high priority that they assign to these demokraterna passed the requisite electoral threshold for the political issues. first time when it won 5.7% of the vote and thus gained 20 seats Parties campaigning to be tough on immigration and immi- in the legislature. Compared to the radical right-wing parties grant-origin minorities have emerged and have contested in the neighbouring Nordic countries, its share of the vote is elections in all Western European countries, but they have small. -
Why France and Not Germany? a Case Study of the Far-Right
WHY FRANCE AND NOT GERMANY? A CASE STUDY OF THE FAR-RIGHT Jonathan Miguel Buechner A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science, Concentration European Governance. Chapel Hill 2019 Approved by: Javier Astudillo Liesbet Hooghe Gary Marks John Stephens © 2019 Jonathan Miguel Buechner ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Jonathan Miguel Buechner: Why France and not Germany? A case study of the far-right (Under the direction of Gary Marks and Javier Astudillo) The conflicts structuring European society since the 1980s such as identity and immigration have affected countries in a parallel manner in response to globalization, known as the emerging transnational cleavage. However, why do far-right parties find great success in some countries related to this new cleavage and limited or no success in similar countries? Examining France and Germany, this comparative study deservedly draws national characteristics like history and culture to center-stage. By re-evaluating extant literature with this new perspective, this research has found that while the transnational cleavage was present in both countries, Germany was hindered by a strong institutional resistance to National Socialism, rife with internal party disputes, and a difficult federal structure for far-right parties to find success past the local level. Meanwhile France was successful in constructing a winning ideology with stable party leadership resulting in permanent institutionalization. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank Prof. Marks and Prof. Astudillo for their guidance and direction throughout the writing process. -
Geographical Representation Under Proportional
CSD Center for the Study of Democracy An Organized Research Unit University of California, Irvine www.democ.uci.edu It is frequently assumed that proportional representation electoral systems do not provide geographical representation. For example, if we consider the literature on electoral reform, advocates of retaining single-member district plurality elections often cite the failure of proportional representation to give voters local representation (Norton, 1997; Hain, 1983; see Farrell, 2001). Even advocates of proportional representation often recognize the lack of district representation as a failure that has to be addressed by modifying their proposals (McLean, 1991; Dummett, 1997).1 However, there has been little empirical research into whether proportional representation elections produce results that are geographically representative. This paper considers geographical representation in two of the most “extreme” cases of proportional representation, Israel and the Netherlands. These countries have proportional representation with a single national constituency, and thus lack institutional features that force geographical representation. They are thus limiting cases, providing evidence of the type of geographical patterns we are likely to see when there are no institutions that enforce specific geographical patterns. We find that the legislatures of Israel and the Netherlands are surprisingly representative geographically, although not perfectly so. Furthermore, we find an interesting pattern. While the main metropolitan areas -
Using Faith to Exclude
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Loughborough University Institutional Repository 5 USING FAITH TO EXCLUDE THE ROLE OF RELIGION IN DUTCH POPULISM Stijn van Kessel 1 Religion has played a crucial role in the formation of the Dutch party system, and party competition in the first decades after World War II was, to a consid- erable degree, still determined by the religious denomination of voters. Most religious voters were loyal to one of the three dominant ‘confessional’ parties: the large Catholic People’s Party (KVP) or one of the two smaller Protestant parties (ARP and CHU).2 Until the parliamentary election of 1963, the com- bined vote share of the three dominant confessional parties was around 50 per cent. Most secular voters, on the other hand, turned either to the Labour Party (PvdA), representing the working class, or the Liberal Party (VVD), repre- senting the secular middle class. The fact that voting behaviour was rather predictable resulted from the fact that Dutch parties and the most significant religious and social groups—arguably with the exception of the secular middle class and the VVD—were closely aligned.3 One aspect of this ‘pillarisation’ of society was that the electorate voted largely along traditional cleavage lines of religion and social class. 61 SAVING THE PEOPLE The dividing lines between the social groups gradually evaporated, in part due to the secularisation of society since the 1960s. Except for the secular middle class, the social background of the electorate continued to determine voting patterns quite predictably in the following decades, but by the turn of the twenty-first century the explanatory power of belonging to a traditional pillar had faded to a large extent.4 What is more, as Dutch society became more secularised, the level of electoral support for the three dominant confes- sional parties began to decline. -
IE Heft 2 2021.Indb
Volume 56 No. 2 March/April 2021 Contents www.intereconomics.eu Intereconomics Review of European Economic Policy Editorial Tommaso Faccio, Jayati Ghosh Taxing Multinationals: A Fundamental Shift Is Under Way .......................................................62 Forum European Integration and National Elections After COVID-19 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 64 Francesco Saraceno Europe After COVID-19: A New Role for German Leadership? ....................................... 65 Simon Otjes The EU Elephant: Europe in the 2021 Dutch General Elections ...................................... 70 Thierry Chopin, Presidential Election 2022: A Euroclash Between a “Liberal” and.................................. 75 Samuel B. H. Faure a “Neo-Nationalist” France Is Coming Mario Pianta Italy’s Political Turmoil and Mario Draghi’s European Challenges .................................. 82 Borbála Göncz, Europhile Public vs Eurosceptic Governing Elite in Hungary? ........................................86 György Lengyel Articles International Trade Lisandra Flach, The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement and Its Hannah Hildenbrand, Expected Effects on World Trade .................................................................................... 92 Feodora Teti Environmental Policy Sarah Wolf et al. The European Green Deal – More Than Climate Neutrality ............................................ 99 Robust Policy Strategies Jan Willem -
Intolerance in Western Europe Analysis of Trends and Associated Factors
CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and EDUCATION AND THE ARTS decisionmaking through research and analysis. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from www.rand.org as a public INFRASTRUCTURE AND service of the RAND Corporation. TRANSPORTATION INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND TERRORISM AND Browse Reports & Bookstore HOMELAND SECURITY Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Europe View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This report is part of the RAND Corporation research report series. RAND reports present research findings and objective analysis that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review -
1 They Were Always Quarreling on Dilettantes and Political Newcomers
1 They were always quarreling On dilettantes and political newcomers in Dutch politics of the twentieth and the twenty-first century Dr. Willem Huberts October 10, 2018 [email protected] 2 Abstract During the years 1925-1940 many newly formed Dutch fascist political parties have spent most of their time and energy fighting other fascist parties and other fascists. Often this led to discord within the party, followed by the party splitting up. This article investigates the possible causes of this behavior and in particular the role of the party leaders, who were mostly political dilettantes. Their inexperience may have contributed to the fate of their parties. Two cases will be demonstrated: the National Socialist Movement (Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging, 1931) and the National Socialist Dutch Workers Party (Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiders Partij, 1931), followed by an investigation into the role of political newcomers after the Second World War. It will be argued that they have learned from their pre-war predecessors. In particular the similarity in the legal structure between the two political newcomers from 1931 (National Socialist Movement) and from 2005 (Party for Freedom) is striking. Contents I Introduction 3 II Before the Second World War 5 III After the Second World War 13 IV Conclusion 18 3 I. Introduction1 In The Netherlands, during the years between the two World Wars, many newly-formed fascist political parties fell prey to internal squabbles, quarrels, separation of spirits and finally party splitting. In this essays the reasons for this behavior shall be investigated, with a particular view on the role of the party leaders, mostly dilettantes.2 Their political inexperience may have played an important role. -
Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948
Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 By Nicole M. Eaton A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Yuri Slezkine, chair Professor John Connelly Professor Victoria Bonnell Fall 2013 Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 © 2013 By Nicole M. Eaton 1 Abstract Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 by Nicole M. Eaton Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Yuri Slezkine, Chair “Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948,” looks at the history of one city in both Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Russia, follow- ing the transformation of Königsberg from an East Prussian city into a Nazi German city, its destruction in the war, and its postwar rebirth as the Soviet Russian city of Kaliningrad. The city is peculiar in the history of Europe as a double exclave, first separated from Germany by the Polish Corridor, later separated from the mainland of Soviet Russia. The dissertation analyzes the ways in which each regime tried to transform the city and its inhabitants, fo- cusing on Nazi and Soviet attempts to reconfigure urban space (the physical and symbolic landscape of the city, its public areas, markets, streets, and buildings); refashion the body (through work, leisure, nutrition, and healthcare); and reconstitute the mind (through vari- ous forms of education and propaganda). Between these two urban revolutions, it tells the story of the violent encounter between them in the spring of 1945: one of the largest offen- sives of the Second World War, one of the greatest civilian exoduses in human history, and one of the most violent encounters between the Soviet army and a civilian population. -
The Impact of Populist Radical-Right Parties on Immigration Policy Agendas: a Look at the Netherlands
THE IMPACT OF POPULIST RADICAL-RIGHT PArtiES ON IMMIGRAtiON POLICY AGENDAS: A LOOK AT THE NETHERLANDS By Tjitske Akkerman TRANSATLANTIC COUNCIL ON MIGRATION THE IMPACT OF POPULIST RADICAL-RIGHT PARTIES ON IMMIGRATION POLICY AGENDAS A Look at the Netherlands By Tjitske Akkerman July 2018 Acknowledgments This research was commissioned for the eighteenth plenary meeting of the Transatlantic Council on Migration, an initiative of the Migration Policy Institute (MPI), held in Stockholm in November 2017. The meeting’s theme was “The Future of Migration Policy in a Volatile Political Landscape,” and this report was one of several that informed the Council’s discussions. The Council is a unique deliberative body that examines vital policy issues and informs migration policymaking processes in North America and Europe. The Council’s work is generously supported by the following foundations and governments: the Open Society Foundations, Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Barrow Cadbury Trust, the Luso-American Development Foundation, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, and the governments of Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. For more on the Transatlantic Council on Migration, please visit: www.migrationpolicy.org/ transatlantic. © 2018 Migration Policy Institute. All Rights Reserved. Cover Design: April Siruno, MPI Layout: Sara Staedicke, MPI No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Migration Policy Institute. A full-text PDF of this document is available for free download from www.migrationpolicy.org. Information for reproducing excerpts from this publication can be found at www.migrationpolicy.org/about/copyright-policy. -
The Death of East Prussia: War and Revenge in Germany's Easternmost Province Online
4RXPS (Mobile pdf) The Death of East Prussia: War and Revenge in Germany's Easternmost Province Online [4RXPS.ebook] The Death of East Prussia: War and Revenge in Germany's Easternmost Province Pdf Free Peter B. Clark DOC | *audiobook | ebooks | Download PDF | ePub Download Now Free Download Here Download eBook #791147 in Books CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform 2013-01-17Original language:EnglishPDF # 1 9.00 x 1.38 x 6.00l, 1.77 #File Name: 1481935755610 pages | File size: 38.Mb Peter B. Clark : The Death of East Prussia: War and Revenge in Germany's Easternmost Province before purchasing it in order to gage whether or not it would be worth my time, and all praised The Death of East Prussia: War and Revenge in Germany's Easternmost Province: 4 of 4 people found the following review helpful. Welcome scholarship on the loss of a major European center of culture and power.By actual buyerA fascinating, tragic history of East Prussia's demise as a socio-political and geographic reality. The lessons to be learned from this work are worth considering, including whether contemporary parallels, unfolding in different lands and cultures, may be drawn. It deserves five stars because of the author's personal efforts and the historical attention that the intentional elimination of such an important facet of European political and military life merits.2 of 2 people found the following review helpful. The end of Germany's old provinces -By NeilHExcellent introduction for historians and students of German history regarding the former lands of East Prussia.1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.