Geographical Representation Under Proportional
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Governments of Israel
Governments of Israel Seventeenth Knesset: Government 31 Government 31 Government 31 To Government 31 - Current Members 04/05/2006 Ministers Faction** Prime Minister Ehud Olmert 04/05/2006 Kadima Vice Prime Minister Shimon Peres 04/05/2006- 13/06/2007 Kadima Haim Ramon 04/07/2007 Kadima Acting Prime Minister Tzipi Livni 04/05/2006 Kadima Deputy Prime Minister Shaul Mofaz 04/05/2006 Kadima Eliyahu Yishai 04/05/2006 Shas Labor- Amir Peretz 04/05/2006- 18/06/2007 Meimad Yisrael Avigdor Liberman 30/10/2006- 18/01/2008 Beitenu Ehud Barak 18/06/2007 Labor- Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Shalom Simhon 04/05/2006 Meimad Minister of Communications Ariel Atias 04/05/2006 Shas Labor- Minister of Defense Amir Peretz 04/05/2006- 18/06/2007 Meimad Ehud Barak 18/06/2007 Labor- Minister of Education Yuli Tamir 04/05/2006 Meimad Minister of Environmental Protection Gideon Ezra 04/05/2006 Kadima Minister of Finance Abraham Hirchson 04/05/2006- 03/07/2007 Kadima Ronnie Bar-On 04/07/2007 Kadima Minister of Foreign Affairs Tzipi Livni 04/05/2006 Kadima Gil Minister of Health Yacov Ben Yizri 04/05/2006 Pensioners Party Minister of Housing and Construction Meir Sheetrit 04/05/2006- 04/07/2007 Kadima Ze`ev Boim 04/07/2007 Kadima Minister of Immigrant Absorption Ze`ev Boim 04/05/2006- 04/07/2007 Kadima Jacob Edery 04/07/2007- 14/07/2008 Kadima Eli Aflalo 14/07/2008 Kadima Minister of Industry, Trade, and Labor Eliyahu Yishai 04/05/2006 Shas Minister of Internal Affairs Ronnie Bar-On 04/05/2006- 04/07/2007 Kadima Meir Sheetrit 04/07/2007 Kadima -
Liberal Vision Lite: Your Mid-Monthly Update of News from Liberal International
Liberal Vision Lite: your mid-monthly update of news from Liberal International Thu, Apr 15, 2021 at 6:59 PM Issue n°5 - 15 April 2021 SUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWSLETTER "We have a chance to re-think & re-invent our future", LI President El Haité tells Liberal Party of Canada Convention. In an introductory keynote, President of Liberal International, Dr Hakima el Haité, addressed thousands of liberals at the Liberal Party of Canada‘s largest policy convention in history. WATCH VIDEO CGLI’s Axworthy tells Canadian liberals, "To solve interlinked challenges, common threads must be found." On 9 April, as thousands of Candian liberals joined the Liberal Party of Canada's first-ever virtual National Convention, distinguished liberal speakers: Hon. Lloyd Axworthy, Hon. Diana Whalen, Chaviva Hosek, Rob Oliphant & President of the Canadian Group of LI Hon. Art Eggleton discussed liberal challenges and offered solutions needed for the decade ahead. WATCH VIDEO On World Health Day, Council of Liberal Presidents call for more equitable access to COVID vaccines Meeting virtually on Tuesday 7 April, the Council of Liberal Presidents convened by the President of Liberal International, Dr Hakima el Haité, applauded the speed with which vaccines have been developed to combat COVID19 but expressed growing concern that the rollout has until now been so unequal around the world. READ JOINT STATEMENT LI-CALD Statement: We cannot allow this conviction to mark the end of Hong Kong LI and the Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats released a joint statement on the conviction of LI individual member & LI Prize for Freedom laureate, Martin Lee along with other pro-democracy leaders in Hong Kong, which has sent shockwaves around the world. -
Israel's National Religious and the Israeli- Palestinian Conflict
Leap of Faith: Israel’s National Religious and the Israeli- Palestinian Conflict Middle East Report N°147 | 21 November 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iv I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Religious Zionism: From Ascendance to Fragmentation ................................................ 5 A. 1973: A Turning Point ................................................................................................ 5 B. 1980s and 1990s: Polarisation ................................................................................... 7 C. The Gaza Disengagement and its Aftermath ............................................................. 11 III. Settling the Land .............................................................................................................. 14 A. Bargaining with the State: The Kookists ................................................................... 15 B. Defying the State: The Hilltop Youth ........................................................................ 17 IV. From the Hills to the State .............................................................................................. -
Programme of Special Events Monday 3 November 2014 5
CAN YOUTH REVITALISE DEMOCRACY? 3 TO 9 NOVEMBERPROGRAMME 2014 world-forum-democracy.org OF SPECIAL EVENTS FOR THE SCHOOLS OF POLITICAL STUDIES FROM 3 TO 7 NOVEMBER 2014 SCHOOLS OF POLITICAL STUDIES 2 OVERALL FORUM STRUCTURE OVERALL FORUM STRUCTURE 3 FORUM CORE PROGRAMME SPS SPECIAL PROGRAMME Monday 3/11 Tuesday 4/11 Wednesday 5/11 Thursday 6/11 Friday 7/11 9.00-11.00 SPECIAL EVENTS THEMATIC GROUP MEETING 9.30-10.30 9.00-10.00 FOR THE UKRAINIAN VISITS TO THE ECtHR VISITS TO THE ECtHR SCHOOL 10.00-11.30 MEETING WITH ARAB YOUTH 11.30-12.30 AM PLENARY SESSION V4 MEETS EASTERN AND LABS SERIES 1 PARTNERSHIP 10.30-12.30 10.30-12.30 REPORTING AND PROFESSIONAL 9.30-11.00 9.30-10.30 CLOSING SESSION GROUP MEETINGS VISIT TO THE ECtHR VISITS TO THE ECtHR 11.00-12.00 VISITS TO THE ECtHR Reception, Break Self-service restaurant, EP Lunch, EP Free Free Lobby of the Hemicycle 14.00-14.15 FAMILY PHOTO 14.30-15.30 LABS SERIES 2 VISITS TO THE ECtHR 14.30-16.30 14.30-15.00 THEMATIC DIPLOMA CEREMONY 14.00-16.00 GROUP MEETINGS MEETING PM ON THE SITUATION 17.00-18.00 IN UKRAINE 16.00 – 18.45 BILATERAL MEETINGS 15.30-16.30 OFFICIAL OPENING UN-CONFERENCES VISITS TO THE ECtHR OF THE WORLD FORUM Reception at Reception at Evening Free Free Free the “Maison de l’Alsace” the “Orangerie” 4 PROGRAMME OF SPECIAL EVENTS MONDAY 3 NOVEMBER 2014 5 SCHOOLS OF POLITICAL STUDIES AT THE ALL DAY MEETINGS WITH JUDGES/LAWYERS OF THE ECtHR EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS (ECtHR) WORLD FORUM FOR DEMOCRACY All Schools’ participants Please consult the timetable on pages 14 and 15. -
The Audacity of Holiness Orthodox Jewish Women’S Theater עַ זּוּת שֶׁ Israelבִּ קְ Inדוּשָׁ ה
ׁׁ ְִֶַָּּּהבשות שעזּ Reina Rutlinger-Reiner The Audacity of Holiness Orthodox Jewish Women’s Theater ַעזּּו ֶׁת ש in Israelִּבְקּדו ָׁשה Translated by Jeffrey M. Green Cover photography: Avigail Reiner Book design: Bethany Wolfe Published with the support of: Dr. Phyllis Hammer The Hadassah-Brandeis Institute, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA Talpiot Academic College, Holon, Israel 2014 Contents Introduction 7 Chapter One: The Uniqueness of the Phenomenon 12 The Complexity of Orthodox Jewish Society in Israel 16 Chapter Two: General Survey of the Theater Groups 21 Theater among ultra-Orthodox Women 22 Born-again1 Actresses and Directors in Ultra-Orthodox Society 26 Theater Groups of National-Religious Women 31 The Settlements: The Forge of Orthodox Women’s Theater 38 Orthodox Women’s Theater Groups in the Cities 73 Orthodox Men’s Theater 79 Summary: “Is there such a thing as Orthodox women’s theater?” 80 Chapter Three: “The Right Hand Draws in, the Left Hand Pushes Away”: The Involvement of Rabbis in the Theater 84 Is Innovation Desirable According to the Torah? 84 Judaism and the Theater–a Fertile Stage in the Culture War 87 The Goal: Creation of a Theater “of Our Own” 88 Differences of Opinion 91 Asking the Rabbi: The Women’s Demand for Rabbinical Involvement 94 “Engaged Theater” or “Emasculated Theater”? 96 Developments in the Relations Between the Rabbis and the Artists 98 1 I use this term, which is laden with Christian connotations, with some trepidation. Here it refers to a large and varied group of people who were not brought up as Orthodox Jews but adopted Orthodoxy, often with great intensity, later in life. -
The EU Lobby of the Dutch Provinces and Their
The EU lobby of the Dutch provinces and their ‘House of the Dutch Provinces’ regions An analysis on the determinants of the adopted paradiplomacy strategy of Dutch provinces vis-à-vis the national level Diana Sisto (460499) MSc International Public Management and Policy Master thesis First reader: dr. A.T. Zhelyazkova Second reader: dr. K. H. Stapelbroek Word Count: 24951 Date: 25-07-2018 Summary This thesis contains a case study on the determinants that influence the paradiplomacy strategy that Dutch provinces adopt vis-à-vis their member state, when representing their European interest. Because of the growing regional involvement in International Affairs, the traditional relationship between the sub-national authorities and their member states has been challenged. Both the sub- national and national level have been transitioning into a new role. This thesis aimed to contribute to the literature on determinants of paradiplomacy strategies (cooperative, conflicting and non-interaction paradiplomacy) that sub-national actors can adopt vis-à-vis their member state. The goal of the research is twofold: a) to gain insights in the reason why Dutch regions choose to either cooperative, conflicting or non-interaction paradiplomacy in representing their EU interests vis-à-vis the national level and b) to determine which strategies are most used and why. Corresponding to this goal the main research question is “Which determinants influence the paradiplomacy strategy that Dutch provinces adopt vis- à-vis their member state, when representing their European interests?” To answer the research question a qualitative in depth case study has been performed on two cases consisting of two House of the Dutch provinces regions and their respective provinces. -
Green Parties and Elections to the European Parliament, 1979–2019 Green Par Elections
Chapter 1 Green Parties and Elections, 1979–2019 Green parties and elections to the European Parliament, 1979–2019 Wolfgang Rüdig Introduction The history of green parties in Europe is closely intertwined with the history of elections to the European Parliament. When the first direct elections to the European Parliament took place in June 1979, the development of green parties in Europe was still in its infancy. Only in Belgium and the UK had green parties been formed that took part in these elections; but ecological lists, which were the pre- decessors of green parties, competed in other countries. Despite not winning representation, the German Greens were particularly influ- enced by the 1979 European elections. Five years later, most partic- ipating countries had seen the formation of national green parties, and the first Green MEPs from Belgium and Germany were elected. Green parties have been represented continuously in the European Parliament since 1984. Subsequent years saw Greens from many other countries joining their Belgian and German colleagues in the Euro- pean Parliament. European elections continued to be important for party formation in new EU member countries. In the 1980s it was the South European countries (Greece, Portugal and Spain), following 4 GREENS FOR A BETTER EUROPE their successful transition to democracies, that became members. Green parties did not have a strong role in their national party systems, and European elections became an important focus for party develop- ment. In the 1990s it was the turn of Austria, Finland and Sweden to join; green parties were already well established in all three nations and provided ongoing support for Greens in the European Parliament. -
Toelichting Beleid Kleine Marterachtigen (2 Juni 2021)
Toelichting beleid kleine marterachtigen (2 juni 2021) Inleiding Het gaat slecht met wezel, hermelijn en bunzing (de kleine marterachtigen) in Nederland en Flevoland. Gedeputeerde Staten hebben besloten de bescherming te verbeteren door deze soorten niet langer vrij te stellen van de verbodsbepalingen van de Wet natuurbescherming bij ruimtelijke ingrepen. Voortaan zal bij een ruimtelijke ingreep ontheffing nodig zijn indien verblijfplaatsen worden verstoord of aangetast. Het gaat om bijzonder lastig te onderzoeken soorten, Flevoland kiest daarom voor een pragmatische aanpak. In deze toelichting geven we aan welke mogelijkheden de initiatiefnemer heeft en welke randvoorwaarden hier bij horen. Staat van instandhouding Het gaat om bijzonder lastig te inventariseren soorten waar weinig onderzoek naar wordt uitgevoerd. De waarnemingen die bekend zijn, zijn vaak gebaseerd op gevonden verkeersslachtoffers, waarnemingen vanuit broedvogelmonitoring en waarnemers in natuurgebieden. Er is dan ook geen compleet beeld van de verspreiding van wezel, hermelijn en bunzing in Flevoland. Wezel Uit de NDFF en de Atlas van de Nederlandse Zoogdieren blijkt dat de wezel verspreid voorkomt over de provincie en in mindere mate in Oost Flevoland en de Noordoostpolder. Er zijn wat meer waarnemingen gemeld bij toegangen tot natuurgebieden zoals o.a. het Praamweggebied. Van de afgelopen 5 jaar zijn er circa 100 meldingen bekend in Flevoland, het aantal waarnemingen en km-hokken neemt af vooral in Oost Flevoland en Noordoostpolder. Hermelijn Uit de NDFF en de Atlas van de Nederlandse Zoogdieren blijkt dat de hermelijn een minder goede verspreiding heeft dan de wezel. Hij komt vooral voor in Zuid Flevoland en op de grens van de Noordoostpolder met Overijssel, hij lijkt nauwelijks voor te komen in Oost Flevoland en de Noordoostpolder. -
ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions. -
The Role of Ultra-Orthodox Political Parties in Israeli Democracy
Luke Howson University of Liverpool The Role of Ultra-Orthodox Political Parties in Israeli Democracy Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy By Luke Howson July 2014 Committee: Clive Jones, BA (Hons) MA, PhD Prof Jon Tonge, PhD 1 Luke Howson University of Liverpool © 2014 Luke Howson All Rights Reserved 2 Luke Howson University of Liverpool Abstract This thesis focuses on the role of ultra-orthodox party Shas within the Israeli state as a means to explore wider themes and divisions in Israeli society. Without underestimating the significance of security and conflict within the structure of the Israeli state, in this thesis the Arab–Jewish relationship is viewed as just one important cleavage within the Israeli state. Instead of focusing on this single cleavage, this thesis explores the complex structure of cleavages at the heart of the Israeli political system. It introduces the concept of a ‘cleavage pyramid’, whereby divisions are of different saliency to different groups. At the top of the pyramid is division between Arabs and Jews, but one rung down from this are the intra-Jewish divisions, be they religious, ethnic or political in nature. In the case of Shas, the religious and ethnic elements are the most salient. The secular–religious divide is a key fault line in Israel and one in which ultra-orthodox parties like Shas are at the forefront. They and their politically secular counterparts form a key division in Israel, and an exploration of Shas is an insightful means of exploring this division further, its history and causes, and how these groups interact politically. -
The Life and Death of Socialist Zionism
The Life and Death of Socialist Zionism Jason Schulman (Published in New Politics, vol. 9, no. 3 (new series), whole no. 35, Summer 2003) In previous decades it was not uncommon for democratic leftists, Jewish ones in particular, to believe that the state of Israel was on the road to exemplifying—as Irving Howe once put it—“the democratic socialist hope of combining radical social change with political freedom.”1 But times have obviously changed. Today, no one would argue with the assertion that Israeli socialism is “is going the way of the kibbutz farmer,” even if the government continues to be the major shareholder in many Israeli banks, retains majority control in state-owned enterprises, owns a considerable percent of the country's land, and exerts considerable influence in most sectors of the economy.2 The kibbutzim themselves, held up as “the essence of the socialist-Zionist ideal of collectivism and egalitarianism,” are fast falling victim “to the pursuit of individual fulfillment.”3 The Labor Party is ever more estranged from Israel’s trade union movement, and when it governs it does so less and less like a social-democratic party, and its economic program has become ever more classically liberal. To many Israelis, who remember the years of Labor bureaucratic power, “socialism” means little more than “state elitism.” In examining “what happened,” it is worthwhile to ask what precisely the content of Israeli socialism was from its inception. There are essentially two narratives of “actually-existing” Labor (Socialist) Zionism. One argues that the most important of the Zionist colonists were utopian socialists who had no intent to be either exploiter or exploited. -
Professionalization of Green Parties?
Professionalization of Green parties? Analyzing and explaining changes in the external political approach of the Dutch political party GroenLinks Lotte Melenhorst (0712019) Supervisor: Dr. A. S. Zaslove 5 September 2012 Abstract There is a relatively small body of research regarding the ideological and organizational changes of Green parties. What has been lacking so far is an analysis of the way Green parties present them- selves to the outside world, which is especially interesting because it can be expected to strongly influence the image of these parties. The project shows that the Dutch Green party ‘GroenLinks’ has become more professional regarding their ‘external political approach’ – regarding ideological, or- ganizational as well as strategic presentation – during their 20 years of existence. This research pro- ject challenges the core idea of the so-called ‘threshold-approach’, that major organizational changes appear when a party is getting into government. What turns out to be at least as interesting is the ‘anticipatory’ adaptations parties go through once they have formulated government participation as an important party goal. Until now, scholars have felt that Green parties are transforming, but they have not been able to point at the core of the changes that have taken place. Organizational and ideological changes have been investigated separately, whereas in the case of Green parties organi- zation and ideology are closely interrelated. In this thesis it is argued that the external political ap- proach of GroenLinks, which used to be a typical New Left Green party but that lacks governmental experience, has become more professional, due to initiatives of various within-party actors who of- ten responded to developments outside the party.