Kiprah Sudharmono Dalam Sejarah Golongan Karya (1983-1988) Kiprah Sudharmono Dalam Sejarah Golongan Karya (1983-1988)

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Kiprah Sudharmono Dalam Sejarah Golongan Karya (1983-1988) Kiprah Sudharmono Dalam Sejarah Golongan Karya (1983-1988) ADISTHY REGINA DAN SUWIRTA KIPRAH SUDHARMONO DALAM SEJARAH GOLONGAN KARYA (1983-1988) KIPRAH SUDHARMONO DALAM SEJARAH GOLONGAN KARYA (1983-1988) Oleh: Adisthy Regina dan Suwirta1 ABSTRACT The main problem discussed in this study, “how was the role of Sudharmono in leading the Golongan Karya (1983-1988)”. The research method used was the historical method including heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Based on result’s study, Sudharmono was Soeharto’s right-hand man in New Order’s era. This proven with the candidacy of Sudharmono as Golkar Chairman from 1983-1988, that was directly elected by Soeharto. Sudharmono was a figure who contributed to Golkar’s progress in the New Order (1983-1988). Sudharmono was a Chairman from civilian, however, he could take Golkar to maximum advancement. These advancements were made because Sudharmono had taken formal and non-formal education with tremendously well. His great accomplishments made Sudharmono become a figure who could work more. Sudharmono has made Golkar better through his policy called Tri Sukses Golkar, such as Sukses Konsolidasi, Sukses Repelita IV and Sukses Pemilu 1987, as well as General Assembly of MPR 1988. The policy that made by Sudharmono have connectedness because if consolidation succeeded, it would affect success for other policy namely Repelita and the General Election of 1987. A great victory of Golkar in General Election of 1987, had succeeded made Sudharmono became the Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia in 1988. This accomplishment became a threat to Soeharto because he could replace him from the presidency position. To prevent such action, Soeharto forbade Sudharmono to proposed back to became Golkar’s Chairman for 1988-1993 period. Keywords: Golkar, Pemilu 1987, Sudharmono, Tri Sukses Golkar, Wakil Presiden RI PENDAHULUAN Indonesia didominasi oleh kelompok Pada masa Orde Baru, pemerintahan militer karena Soeharto menerapkan dipimpin oleh Soeharto. Dimana dalam Dwi Fungsi ABRI dalam pemerintahan masa kepemimpinannya Soeharto Indonesia. Hal ini dibuktikan dalam menerapkan Asas Tunggal yaitu hanya pencalonan Ketua Umum Golkar pada Ideologi Pancasila saja yang boleh masa Orde Baru, dimana pemimpin Golkar berkembang. Selain itu, Soeharto merupakan orang-orang yang berasal membuat tiga kekuatan negara yaitu, dari kalangan militer. Namun tidak pada ABRI, Birokrasi dan Golongan Karya masa periode 1983-1988, pada periode ini (Golkar) (Rahmah, 2016, hlm. 1). Golkar dipimpin oleh Sudharmono yang 1Alin Novandini adalah mahasiswa pada Departemen Pendidikan Sejarah FPIPS UPI, Suwirta adalah dosen pembimbing I. Penulis dapat dihubungi di nomor 085720064055 / alamat email : [email protected] 133 FACTUM Volume 7, N0.2, Oktober 2018 berasal dari kalangan sipil. Meskipun dari Repelita IV, sehingga Golkar pada masa kalangan sipil, Sudharmono pernah masuk tersebut dapat ikut menyukseskan sebagai anggota militer dengan pangkat pembangunan. Dipilihnya tahun 1988 Letnan Jenderal. Sudharmono dipilih oleh sebagai batasan tahun karena pada tahun Soeharto karena merupakan orang terbaik inilah Sudharmono mengakhiri jabatannya keduanya serta mengetahui pemikiran dan beralih sebagai Wakil Presiden Presiden Soeharto (Suryadinata, 1992, mendampingi Soeharto yang menjabat hlm. 121). kembali menjadi Presiden. Sudharmono dipilih menjadi Ketua Dalam penelitian ini, penulis Umum Golkar pada Musyawarah Nasional menggunakan konsep kepemimpinan yang (Munas) III tahun 1983. Terpilihnya merupakan proses mempengaruhi dalam Sudharmono membuatnya mendapatkan menentukan tujuan organisasi, memotivasi dua jabatan, karena pada saat dipilih perilaku pengikut untuk mencapai tujuan, menjadi Ketua Umum Golkar, ia mempengaruhi untuk memperbaiki sedang menjalankan tugasnya sebagai kelompok dan budayanya (Rivai & Menteri Sekretaris Negara. Sudharmono Mulyadi, 2011, hlm. 2). Kepemimpinan dikenal sebagai pribadi yang efisien dan memiliki tipe-tipe tersendiri, salah efektif dalam bekerja, serta tak pernah satunya Tipe Kepemimpinan Demokratik menonjolkan diri ke depan publik (Biro yang merupakan tipe Sudharmono sebagai Informasi & Data, 1984, hlm. 6). Sebagai pemimpin Golkar (1983-1988). Ketua Umum Golkar (1983-1988), Sudharmono membuat kebijakan yaitu METODE PENELITIAN Program Tri Sukses Golkar yaitu Sukses Dalam mengkaji permasalahan yang Konsolidasi, Sukses Repelita IV dan Sukses berkaitan dengan judul skripsi ini, penulis Pemilu 1987 serta Sidang Umum MPR 1988 menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah (Sudharmono, 1997, hlm. 321-322). Dari sebagai metode penelitiannya. Metode ketiga sukses tersebut, Sukses Konsolidasi sejarah merupakan proses menguji dan memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap sukses menganalisis secara kritis rekaman dan yang lainnya. Karena apabila konsolidasi peninggalan masa lampau (Gottschalk, sukses maka akan menyukseskan 1986, hlm. 36). Dalam penulisan ini, pembangunan serta Pemilihan Umum data-data digunakan berkaitan dengan 1987. Dengan kebijakan tersebut, Golkar peristiwa yang terjadi pada masa lampau. dapat meraih kemenangan pada Pemilihan Melalui metode sejarah, data-data Umum 1987 yang diselenggarakan pada menyangkut peristiwa masa lampau baik tanggal 23 April 1987 (Rohmawai, 2016, itu berupa rekaman maupun peninggalan hlm. 314). dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber sejarah Tahun 1983-1988 adalah jangka yang dapat berguna untuk mengumpulkan waktu yang dipilih. Pada tahun 1983 informasi tentang berbagai peristiwa yang Sudharmono dipilih menjadi Ketua Umum pernah terjadi (Ismaun, 2005, hlm. 35). Golkar dan Golkar pertama kali dipimpin Penulisan sejarah mengenai kiprah oleh seseorang dari kalangan sipil. Pada Sudharmono ini dilakukan dalam tahun tersebutlah dibuat Kebijakan berbagai langkah yang dikembangkan 134 ADISTHY REGINA DAN SUWIRTA KIPRAH SUDHARMONO DALAM SEJARAH GOLONGAN KARYA (1983-1988) ke dalam tiga pembahasan, diantaranya fakta-fakta yang teruji kebenarannya yang yaitu persiapan penelitian, pelaksanaan kemudian dirangkaikan dan dihubungkan penelitian, dan laporan penelitian. Dalam satu sama lain sehingga menjadi satu persiapan penelitian ini dibagi ke dalam kesatuan (Ismaun, 1992, hlm. 72). Tahap tiga pembahasan diantaranya adalah akhir yang dilakukan adalah historiografi, penentuan dan pengajuan topik penelitian, yaitu penggunaan pikiran-pikiran kritis penyusunan rancangan penelitian, dan analisis sehingga menghasilkan suatu dan proses bimbingan/konsultasi. sintesis dari seluruh hasil penelitian dan Setelah dilakukan persiapan penelitian, penemuan dalam suatu penelitian utuh dilakukanlah pelaksanaan penelitian. (Sjamsuddin, 2007, hlm. 156). Setelah Dalam tahapan ini, penulis melakukan dilakukan pelaksanaan penelitian, langkah-langkah penelitian yang sesuai mulailah penulis membuat laporan dengan metode penelitian sejarah. penelitian. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Adapun metode penelitian HASIL PENELITIAN DAN sejarah yang digunakan penulis adalah PEMBAHASAN metode yang dikemukakan oleh Ismaun Sudharmono merupakan seorang yang (2005, hlm. 34) yang terdiri dari heuristik, mempunyai perawakan tinggi semampai, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. rambutnya yang sudah dua warna disisir Dalam tahap heuristik, penulis lurus ke belakang, agak berombak. Jika mengumpulkan data yang mendukung berbicara, aksen Jawanya masih terdengar penulis dalam memecahkan pokok cukup nyata. Sudharmono merupakan permasalahan yang ada. Dalam tahap seorang yang serius disiplin, korek, ini, penulis melakukan pencarian sumber namun mudah tersenyum dan tertawa dari perpustakaan di Bandung dan (Biro Informasi & Data, 1984, hlm. 12). Jakarta, serta mengunjungi website yang Sudharmono dilahirkan di kota kecil berhubungan dengan topik penulis. Tahap atau Desa Cerme, Ibu Kota Kecamatan selanjutnya adalah tahap kritik yang erat Cerme, Kabupaten Gresik, Jawa timur kaitannya dengan mencari kebenaran pada tanggal 12 Maret 1927. Sudharmono (Sjamsuddin, 1996, hlm. 118). Tahap merupakan anak yatim piatu mulai dari kritik ini terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu kritik berusia 3 tahun, hal ini dikarenakan ibunya internal dan kritik eksternal. Tahap kritik wafat ketika sedang melahirkan adik ini dilakukan untuk megukur keontentikan Sudharmono. Sepeninggalan ibunya, ayah dan kelayakan sumber yang penulisan Sudharmono pun jatuh sakit. Meskipun gunakan dalam penelitian sejarah telah memperoleh perawatan di Surabaya, ini. Tahap selanjutnya adalah tahap namun tidak dapat tertolong sehingga interpretasi sebagai tindak lanjut dari tahap wafat di tahun yang sama (Sudharmono, kritik. Dalam tahap ini penulis melakukan 1997, hlm. 59). analisis terhadap sumber-sumber yang Sejak kecil, Sudharmono dan kakanya telah dipilih dan diajukan sebagai sumber tinggal di Rembang bersama neneknya. penunjang dalam proses penelitian. Tahap Kota Rembang yang terletak di Pantai interpretasi ini dilakukan dengan cara Utara Laut Jawa, pernah menjadi ibu mengolah, menyusun dan menafsirkan 135 FACTUM Volume 7, N0.2, Oktober 2018 Kota Keresidenan Jepara-Rembang. Pada pada tahun 1956, kemudian Perguruan saat Sudharmono datang ke Rembang Tinggi Hukum Militer dan berijazah pada tahun 1935, Ibu Kota Keresidenan SH pada tahun 1962. Setelah lulus dari sudah berada di Pati, dan Rembang hanya PTHM (Perguruan Tinggi Hukum Militer), merupakan Kota Kabupaten. Rembang Sudharmono melanjutkan perjalannya sendiri dapat disebut sebagai kota tua dan menjadi Jaksa Penuntut Umum dan tenang (Sudharmono, 1993, hlm. 52). Di Oditur Militer dari Koti (Kusumaatmadja, Rembang inilah Sudharmono memulai 1997, hlm. 476). kembali pendidikan
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