Knowledge Organiser: Why was Sheffield so important to the Industrial Revolution?

Between 1750 and 1850, Britain changed dramatically Chronology: What happened on these dates in Sheffield? Vocabulary: define these words from being an agricultural to an industrial country. Factories mass produced goods using steam-driven Industrial The period from 1750-1900 when Britain Benjamin Huntsman invented the crucible method machines. This was the period when Sheffield Revolution changed from an agrarian and handicraft of making steel, and by the end of the century industrialised and grew to become one of the largest c1740 economy to one dominated by industry and Sheffield was supplying the world with cities in the UK but this came at a cost to health and the machine manufacturing. engineering and tool steel. environment. Thomas Boulsover invented Urbanization The increase in the proportion of people living Summarise your learning Old Sheffield Plate through the fusion of silver and in towns and cities. 1740s copper. Fashionable tableware and ornaments The Industrial Revolution was the were now produced for an expanding English rapid development of industry that middle class. occurred in Britain in the 18th and Topic 1: 19th centuries, brought about by Sheffield Canal opened. This allowed canal boats Industrialisation The process by which an economy is What was the the introduction of machinery. It 1819 to transport greater quantities of steel to ports on transformed from primarily agricultural to one Industrial was characterized by the use of the coast via the canal network. based on the manufacturing of goods. Revolution? steam power, the growth of Coal Mining The process of extracting coal from the The first integrated steel and cutlery factory, factories, and the mass production ground. Greaves’ Sheaf Works in Effingham Street, was of manufactured goods. 1820 opened. This led to a revival in trade. Grinder A man who shaped metal on a grinding stone. Topic 2: Sheffield and South Yorkshire were Why was Sheffield important to the Industrial Factories A group of buildings where goods are Sheffield Cholera outbreak led to the deaths of and South Revolution as they provided many 1832 manufactured or assembled mainly by 402 people. Yorkshire of the materials that made mass machine. important to the production and mechanisation Child Labour The employment of children in an industry or Henry Bessemer’s converter was invented which Industrial possible including coal, iron and business. Revolution? steel. 1856 made steel. This allowed industry in Sheffield to Children were employed to work in boom and created lots of jobs. cotton mills, factories and coal Apprentice A person who is learning a trade from a skilled Who were these people? mines. Many were orphans or employer, having agreed to work for a fixed Topic 3: abandoned children and worked in period at low wages. How hard was poor conditions. Children were Cholera An infectious and often fatal disease of the children’s work? used to work because they were small intestine, causing severe vomiting and cheap labour, easy to control, and diarrhoea. small and nimble to work in small Public Health What the government does to protect the spaces. Edwin Chadwick John Snow health of the public. Sheffield’s successful steel industry Wrote ‘Report on the Sanitary Doctor who discovered that led to rapid industrialisation and conditions of the Labouring cholera was a water-borne disease Topic 4: urbanisation as people moved to Population of Great Britain’ in in 1853. He used the method of What made work in the factories. This led to 1842 which persuaded the mapping to look at where cholera Sheffield stink? overcrowding, back to back houses, government to create the first sufferers were and located the poor sanitation and disease. Public Health Act. source to a water pump on Broad Street. © Pearson Education Ltd 2018. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.