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Burton-1876-Etruscan-Bologna.Pdf UUU1I mill ETRUSCAN BOLOGNA. SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF THE PALEO-ETH BY CAVALIERE M .i 4. NEOLITHIC TOMBS OF CANTALUF S1UEX IMPLEMENTS FROM THE TIBEfl BED. NSTRUMENTS SCATTERED ABOUTTHE -iX IMPLEMENTS NEAR CORN' CEOLOC1CALSECTION LOGICAL REMAINS OF CENTRAL ITALY. Ross: 1866-7 TRACES OF THE 6ROMZ.E ACE AMONGST THE ROMANS 7. ARMS OF THE BRONZE ACE VI r. VOLCANOI.SprLATIUM ETRUSCAN BOLOGNA A STUDY. BY RICHARD F. BURTON, ' AUTHOR OF PILGRIMAGE TO EL MEDINAH AND MECCA,' 'CITY OF THE SAINTS AND ROCKY MOUNTAINS TO CALIFORNIA," ETC. LONDON: SMITH, ELDER, & CO., 15 WATERLOO PLACE. 1876. \A II tights reserved.] ttraam (fflnfr, PALL MALL. Nov. i, 1875. DEAR LADY OTWAY, Be pleased to consider this little volume a sign tJtat the Wanderer in Bologna has not forgotten your gracious and graceful hospitality, and believe me Ever yours sincerely, RICHARD F. BURTON. LADY OTWAY. PREFACE. I NEED hardly say that this little volume offers no novelty beyond introducing to the English reader the valuable results of Etruskische Forschungen in modern Italy. It can hardly be termed uncalled for. The discovery of the Bolognese Certosa which took place some six years ago, requires, for study, reference to a number of pamphlets and scattered letters, which we must not expect to see in our ' ' libraries. Other finds,' noticed in Etruscan are even less accessible and even Bologna,' ; my own list is not quite complete. Like the Gipsy dialect, the Etruscan tongue has fascinated a host of scholars. The latest result is ' a belief that in it we have a waif of one of those many extinct families of speech which have gone to viii PREFACE. ' build up the languages of the present world (Sayce). For the moment we can only say that the problems of its and its have not been solved origin position ; that some Italic vocables have been detected, or rather guessed, and that there are, perhaps, a few ' Turanian affinities,' possibly derived from Finnish, and pointing, haply, to an age when the Aryan limits were not definitively laid down. Some day, as linguistic science is in despair, we may bring to light a long bilingual inscription, that will prove a veritable Rosetta Stone. Hitherto, the only keys applied to the ethnology of the mysterious race, which taught Rome her arts and arms, have been ' ' glottology and comparative philology, while not a little violence has accompanied the application. In this volume, however, we shall find Professor Calori, to mention no others, searching the sepul- chres, and supplementing linguistic by craniological and other physiological studies. ' ' Finally, Etruscan Bologna attempts for the first time to describe the North-Eastern, which may be the eldest, Etrurian Confederation, while the PREFACE. ix works of Dennis and other notable English autho- rities treat mainly, if not only, of Middle Etruria, almost corresponding with modern Tuscany. I must again conclude with my old apology for minor sins of omission and commission the ' ' single revise excuse. RICHARD F. BURTON. HAYDARABAD (DEKHAN) : March 4, 1876. CONTENTS. PART I. THE WORKS OF MAN. SECTION PACE I. NEW BOLOGNA ..... 3 II. OLD BOLOGNA . 14 III. PUBLIC COLLECTIONS OF ETRUSCAN ANTIQUITIES AT BOLOGNA. .21 IV. PRIVATE COLLECTIONS, ESPECIALLY THE VILLANOVA. 48 PART II. THE ABODES OF MAN. I. VARIOUS FINDS . -79 II. FURTHER AFIELD, THE CERTOSA AND CASALECCHIO . 93 III. To MARZABOTTO, MISANELLO, AND MISANO . .107 IV. CONCLUSIONS . 137 xii CONTENTS. PART III. THE ETRUSCAN MAN. SECTION PAGE I. THE ETRUSCAN MAN .... 149 II. THE ETRUSCAN MAN (continued] . 163 III. CRANIOLOGY . 175 IV. PROFESSOR CALORI . 187 V. THE ETRUSCAN LANGUAGE . .212 i VI. INSCRIPTIONS . 233 VII. MODERN BOLOGNESE TONGUE . 242 APPENDIX . 263 INDEX . , . 271 SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF THE PALEO-ETHNOLOGICAL REMAINS OF CENTRAL ITALY . To face Title Errata line Page 71, 28, for M. F. Max Muller's theory, read M. F. Max Miiller himself line ,, 189, 23, for Dion Halicarnassus, raw? Dion. Halicarnassius ,, 258, line 19, for So. n' andato, read El xe anda Etruscan Bologna CONTENTS. PART III. THE ETRUSCAN MAN. SECTION I. THE ETRUSCAN MAN .... 149 II. THE ETRUSCAN MAN (continued] . 163 TTT. ETRUSCAN BOLOGNA PART I. THE WORKS OF MAN ' Le moindre debris echappe des mines de Pantiquite nous en apprend ' plus que tous les livres RAOUL ROCHETTE SECTION I. NEW BOLOGNA. ' I PROPOSE to write a study of the old House of Aucnus,' the venerable ex-capital of Northern Etruria, promising never to borrow from the guide- books, and premising that the sooner they borrow from me the better for them. Not a line concerning the ancient city of Felsina, lately brought to light, appears in Murray (1869); and right few in Bae- deker (1873). Travellers, therefore, daily pass through without even hearing of our many admirable collections of archaeology, and without seeing that excavations are being pushed on with exemplary vigour. The stranger-herd visits the Art-galleries, asks after the Sta. Cecilia of Raffaele and the ' S. Sebastian of Francesco Raibolini, detto il ' it stands under the shadow Francia ; wondering of La Garisenda, the most towering of the leaning towers it admires the miles of arcades and ; long ' straightway it is gone. Still Bononia docet,' and B 2 4 THE WORKS OF MAN. we students can now learn from her the tale of her older world. And first of the site. The rich plains of Lom- bardy to the north-west, and the sub-Alpine mari- time lowlands of Friuli and Venice to the north-east, Circumpadane Etruria forming the thigh-piece of the Italian boot, here abut southwards upon the Apennines, the mighty suture which, immediately north of Genoa, sweeping from west to east, gradu- ally assumes a south-eastern trend. Were I speak- ing geographically I should say that they begin in southernmost Italy, bend round the north-west limit, form the Alps, bifurcate at the great European nucleus of Switzerland, where they send off a branch to form the after Rheingau ; and, becoming the Dinarians, they terminate in Greece, the whole being shaped like an elongated arch or a tuning- fork. The great steppe of Upper Italy is mostly composed of riverine valleys, feeding the Adriatic Gulf the main with the eastern- ; trunks, commencing most, where Italy geographically begins, being the Isonzo, Tagliamento, Livenza and Piave, the Bacchi- glione and Brenta of Padua, the Adige or Etsch, the network of the Po Proper, and the Po di Pri- maro alias the Reno. Many of these historical XEW BOLOGNA. 5 streams run, it is well known, upon planes several lands and the feet higher than the adjacent ; only tunnel between the Duchy of Gorizia (Go'rz) and Bologna is that pierced through a vein of the extinct Euganean volcanoes (Colli Euganei} by the ex-Duke of Modena : like many an English gentle- man of the old school, he would not allow his senses ' and his feelings to be wounded by the destruction of all feudalism.' Near the south-western extremity of this noble prairie lies BOLOGNA, with her head resting upon the gentle slopes which represent the foot-hills of the Apennines, and with her feet extended towards the broad, fat Reno Valley. Her site is in the heart of the she of temperates ; and, though complains wintry cold and summery heat, she is amply blessed by ' Nature and Nurture.' There is nothing bad in Bologna but the water, which, hardened by the dissolution of calcareous rocks, chaps the skin and offends the internals. Presently, however, the old Roman aqueduct will flow once more, and the one 1 real nuisance will be effectually abated. Nothing will then remain but to cheapen and to improve the 1 See Analisi di alcune acque potabili della Cittd. di Bologna, by Cav. Domenico Santagata, 1872. 6 THE WORKS OF MAN. post-office a civilized instrument which sadly wants refurbishing throughout Italy. The characteristics of Bologna are the Arcade and the Leaning Tower. The former is of every age and even find the rude wooden archi- shape ; we traves and the post props a palpable survival of the Etruscan temple which we shall visit at Marza- botto. The finished arch resting upon the classical column also dates from the days when it was appa- rently first employed, namely, in the Diocletianian Palace at Spalato. The result is that of an English Chester and a Switzer Bern, made artistic and beautiful, combined with the timber appurtenances of Tours the most mediaeval amid civilised French cities. Of the hundred towers lately described by the learned and laborious Senator Count Giovanni 1 Gozzadini, many if not most of them are distinctly out of the perpendicular. This is not the case in the cities and I would the fact the adjoining ; explain by ground having been so much worked by successive races and generations of men. All are mere defor- mities, rickety minarets, which, as the courses of 1 Delle Torri gentilizie di Bologna e delle famiglie alle quali prima appartennerono : Studii, Bologna, 1874, with plates. The large 8vo. is considered the most interesting of Count Gozzadini's twenty-four publications. NEW BOLOGNA. 7 masonry show, were begotten to be vertical. The numerous palaces of brick, without and with stone dressings, show that the master-hand of Palladio, who adorned Vicenza with the meanest of material, has here as at Milan and that passed ; suggests New London need not go to Scotland for her ' ' granite a material to be used sparingly, as it kills ' ' all its neighbours. The Palazzo of the humblest noble is vast enough to contain two of the largest that can boast and the in- boxes poor Belgravia ; clined planes of staircase, evidently made for the comfort and convenience of the grandee's destrier, contrast wonderfully with the companion-ladder of masonry which, rodded and carpetted.
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