bl. 28, No. 15 April 15, 1985 JING

A CHINESCH E WEEKLY OF NEWS AND VIEWS

NPC Acts on HK, Reform, New Law Assessing the Bandung Spirit sporuQm ^ BEIJING REVIEW HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK

Vol. 28, No. 15 April 15, 19«5 NPC and CPPCC Sidelights Publislied National People's Congress deputies from Liaoning, Jiang- CONTENTS su and Zhejiang provinces review at NPC discussion sessions their achievements since the readjustment and restructure of the NOTES FROM THE EDITORS A economy began in 1979 (p. 19). Meanwhile, Chinese People's US Funding Decision Based on Political Consultative Conference delegates attacked unhealthy Slonder trends — including illegal price hikes, the random distribution lEHERS 5 of bonuses and petty bribery — that have arisen during the economic reforms. They suggested ways of checking such' EVENTS & TRENDS 6-10 trends (p. 21). , NPC Wraps Up 15-Day Session CPPCC Delegates Optimistic on HK Diplomat Recalls Bandung Conference Opening Includes Socialist Coun• tries 14 Open Cities Make Headway This year marks the 30th anniversary of the historic Biggest Investor Bullish on China Asian-African Conference held in Bandung, Indonesia. Huang Hua, who participated in the conference as a Chinese delega• INTERNATIONAL 11-13 tion adviser and spokesman, recalls how the conference scored European Community: A Move successes after baffling imperialist sabotage schemes (p. 14). Towards Unifying Europe Central Africa: Nations Revamp Economic Policies A Decision Based on Slander US-Japan: Economic Conflict Grows Hotter The United States Agency for International Development's Looking Back on Bandung 14 March 30 decision to cut US$10 million from its donation to NPC Sidelights: Economic Reforms the United Nations Fund for Population Activities was a deci• Succeed in Pilot Cities 19 sion targeted at China. The move runs counter to the US stance taken at the Mexico City International Conference on CPPCC Sidelights: Delegates Assail Unhealthy Tendencies 21 Population and to the conference principle that other nations should not interfere in a country's population policy. The Port City Profiles: decision, prompted by slanderous US media reports about Beihai: Once-Sleepy Port Ready forced abortions in China, diminishes the US prestige and will have a negative effect on Sino-US relations (p. 4). to Take Off 24

FROM THE CHINESE PRESS 28-29 Long-Forgotten City Gains New Life BUSINESS & TRADE 30-31 A clean, tranquil city at the western end of China's CULTURE & SCIENCE 32-33 southern coastline, Beihai saw its better days as a major trade SPORTS 34 centre in ancient China before falling into oblivion. Today, the open policy and the ensuing influx of foreign investment COVER: A seaside avenue in port city and technology are pulling the city from the economic back-• of Beihai. Photo by Wu Zhiguang water to the forefront of the modernization drive (p. 24).

China International Book Published every Monday by Distributed by Subscription prices (1 yoor): Trading Corporation BEIJING REVIEW (GUOJI SHUDIAN), USA US$1 8.00 74 Baiwarizhucing Road, Belling P.O. Box 399, Beiiing, China New Zealand... NZ.S18.00 UK.. £8,00 The People's Republic of China NOTES FROM THE EDITORS

US Funding Decision Based on Slander

in its statement that it is satisfied It is a known fact that China, by AN ZHIGUd that United Nations funds are not with a population of 1 billion, Political Editor used for abortions or to support faces a new baby boom. The compulsory family planning meas• nation's family planning policy, The United States Agency for ures, while at the same time cut• aimed at keeping population growth International Development (AID) ting its contribution. in pace with social and economic announced on March 30 its deci• development and in harmony with This action runs counter to the sion to cut US$10 million from its resources utilization and environ• US government's previous state• donation to the United Nations mental protection, conforms with ment at last year's International Fund for Population Activities. the principles agreed to at the Conference on Population. At that This unusual move has sparked Mexico City International Con• conference the US repfpsentat- concern from the world over. ference on Population and with tives gave their support to the China's interests. For these reasons, Though it was not stated in black unanimously adopted Declaration China's family planning policy is and white that the decision was on Population and Developj- targeted at China, we may, from winning more and more interna• a previous US statement on delay• tional understanding and support. ing its funding, assume that this is The Chinese government holds the case. The US agency announced The recent US decision to that the family planning policy the delay early last month on tha cut its donation to ttie UN should be carried out with agree• ground that according to US Fund tor Population ment between state guidance and press reports, the UN Fund Activities, which for Population Activities ha4 was aimed at China personal willingness. The policy backed China's abortion policy. and based on distorted relies on personal willingness and This delay and subsequent cut in and biased news reports, consciousness rather than com• funding make it clear the action is will have a negative pulsory orders. Publicity and aimed at China. effect on Sino-American education, not orders, will always serve as the pivot in family plan• The Chinese government has relations. ning. State guidance means the long maintained that every country government explains the family has the right to determine, accord• planning policy, spreads birth con• ing to its actual conditions, its own ment, which called on the world trol know-how through education domestic strategies, policies and community to support population and publicity programmes and measures for the development of a control activities. And later they provides consulting services so nation's society, economy and repeatedly expressed their de• that the people will conscientiously population. And, at the same time, termination to continue support• carry out the government's policy. the strategies, policies and measures ing population control activities. formulated by other nations for Only a few months passed before In the past few years, as China's development in those fields should the US government changed its society and economy have advanc• be respected. This is a principled attitude. Such a fickle move ed, more and more people have matter of state sovereignty. China's diminished the prestige of the come to realize that the family stance conforms to the principle United States. planning policy serves the state's stated at the International Con• As mentioned before, this deci• interests ^ well as their own in• ference on Population held last sion was actually aimed at China. terests. Meanwhile, the govern• year in Mexico — that the formula• But it is puzzling that such .a major ment keeps improving its specific tion and implementation of popula• move was adopted by the US ad• policies in practical work. Anyone tion policy is a sovereign right of ministration on the basis of distorts with a little common sense will every country. But apparently the ed and biased news reports. It is know that a family planning US government does not follow regretful since this move will policy could not be successful this principle. have a negative effect on Sino* without the support and ap• It is unusual that AID declared American relations. proval of the overwhelming ma>-

4 Beijing Review, No. 15 LETTERS

Support Policy on Taiwan 1 think it would be helpful for your circulation if you made a Taiwan's return to the embrace greater advertising effort through of the motherland will be com• the mass media, such as television, pletely possible if it is allowed to radio and newspapers; and through absorb the good things of cap• organizations such as research italism according to its own centres, schools, youth centres, conditions. jority of the people in a heavily universities and other academic populated country like China. It is a good thing to take organizations, practical methods to promote the Leung Kai-wah In recent months some Ameri• reunification of Taiwan with the Hongkong cans, for various purposes, have motherland. 1 support Deng Xiao- complained about China's abor• ping's stand. Detailed First-Hand tions, spreading tales about how Information China's population is controlled by Beijing Review, which once forced abortions. This simply carried mainly theoretical articles, Your magazine has already shows their ignorance. By 1983 was very difficult to understand in become one of my regular reading close to 70 percent of the Chinese the past. It has suddenly changed materials, not only because of the women of chiidbearing age had a great deal. It is now rather like latest news it brings to the readers adopted contraceptive measures — magazines in Japan. but also because of the detailed either they took birth control pills, first-hand information it proffers I like theoretical articles. I have had intrauterine; devices or had on China today. learnt something about Marxism- their partner use a condom. Among Leninism and Mao Zedong I especially like your regular couples who had decided to have Thought, Therefore, [ hope you section of "Events and Trends." It no more children, many men had would add a special column to takes the readers directly into vasectomies and women had tubal introduce Marxism-Leninism and China's day-to-day affairs in• ligations. With these facts, how Mao Zedong Thought. culcating in them an understanding can it be said that China's family of the economic reform being Takasuke Shiroee. planning policy relies on forced carried out by China presently. Fukuoka, Japan abortions? The article "State Contracts Com• The Chinese government has mercial Outlets" in issue No. 10 long advocated various contracep• Appreciate Articles on was particularly illuminating. tive measures for married couples Social Problems Em Dason to choose at will. It also supports Takloban City, the a woman's right to undergo an I like reading the articles related Philippines abortion if contraceptives fail to to the realms of economics, in• prevent pregnancy. The govern• ternational relationships, national ment supports that right and en• policies and world development. Suggestions sures the safety of the abortion. As a student of sociology, I would As a regular reader of Beijing like to see more articles reporting Truth will eventually break Review, I like to read its reports. and analysing the phenomena re• through the clouds of rumour and The layout and content of the lated to social aspects, such as the slander. People with a sense of magazine are both good. But I changing culture, population, justice will make an objective ap• would like to suggest that you minorities, education, youth, urban praisal with the facts. devote one page every issue to problems, as well as migration and recent creations and conventions other social problems. made by humanity. I also hope I do hope that the articles would you include more photographs in pinpoint the crises as well as the important articles so as to help the encouraging aspects in the develop• readers better understand them. ment at this moment in my mother• Feddi Mounir land. Casablanca, Morocco

April 7 5. 1985 5 EVENTS AND TRENDS

almost simultaneously with the NPC Wraps Up 15-Day Session NPC session, ended April 8.

The Third Session of the Sixth Hongkong Special Administrative National People's Congress (NPC) Region beginning in 1997. The CPPCC Delegates closed April 10 following the ap• committee will include specialists proval of the Sino-British Joint and representatives from all walks Optimistic on HK Declaration on Hongkong, Pre• of life, including Chinese com• mier Zhao Ziyang's government patriots in Hongkong, said Peng Hongkong delegates attending work report and China's first in• Chong, a vice-chairman of the the March 25-April 8 Third Ses• heritance law. NPC Standing Committee. sion of the Sixth National Com• mittee of the Chinese People's In accordance with the concept The 15-day session aroused Political Consultative Conference of "one country, two systems," much public attention, as the (CPPCC) expressed confidence in Peng said China will adopt a secretariat received more than Hongkong's future and said they series of special policies to ensure 10,000 letters and telegrams from will strive to ensure its stability the prosperity of Hongkong after common people at home and and prosperity. abroad. resuming its sovereignty over the region. The Third Session of the Sixth The letters and telegrams ad• National People's Congress (NPC) dressed almost every subject imag• Because China's basic policies ratified the Sino-British Joint inable — from the price system for Hongkong are to remain un• Declaration on the Question of reform to traffic headaches and changed for 50 years following Hongkong during its March 27- legislation to TV programming. the establishment of the special April 10 session in Beijing. On administrative region, Peng said, April 3 State Councillor and Even teenagers sent "small mo• they should be codified in the Minister of Foreign Affairs Wu tions" to the congress. "Wd^ form of law to guarantee their Xueqian explained the Sino- Young Pioneers are too young to even implementation. British agreement to the NPC attend the NPC, but we are also and CPPCC participants, telling concerned about state affairs and The NPC Standing Committee them that Hongkong will enter a the proceedings of the session," will announce the composition of transitional period when China said one motion sent by the the drafting committee in the near and Britain exchange instruments pupils at finxiu Street Primary future, he said. of ratification in Beijing on June School in Beijing. The youngsters The Third Session of the Sixth 30. said they support the economic NPC endorsed the report on the reforms, which they said had "1 think we'll see a stable and 1985 plan for national economic benefited their families. At the prosperous Hongkong during this and social development; the re• same time, they complained 12-year-Iong transitional period if port on the 1984 state final ac• about the high price of children's we keep the status of Hongkong counts and the 1985 state budget; books and the lack of play• as a free port and as a centre and the work reports submitted grounds. of international finance," said by the NPC Standing Committee, CPPCC Delegate Jiang Wengui the Supreme People's Court and One NPC deputy noted that chief executive of the Hongkong- the Supreme People's Procura- the letters and telegrams repre• Macao Regional Office under the torate. It also adopted the deci• sent the opinions of thousands of Bank of China, non-voting participants who have sion to aufhorize the State Coun• Jiang said Hongkong must re• been able to make contributions cil to formulate temporary regulai main prosperous politically, eco• in addition to the more than tions and provisions concerning nomically and culturally, but 2,700 deputies who actually at• the nationwide economic reform the economic health is most im• tended the session. and the open policy. portant. And retaining the status At the closing meeting, the dep• The Third Session of the Sixth of a free port and an international uties approved the formation of National Committee of the Chi• financial centre, he said, is the a committee to draft the basic nese People's Political Consulta* key. "We have seen these two law that will administer the tive Conference, which was held crucial things written in the joint

6 Beijing Review, No. 15 the future because the majority of Hongkong residents, despite their differences, share the hope of building Hongkong into an even more prosperous city. T.K. Ann, chairman of Winsor Industrial Corp. Ltd., added that it is not necessary to divide Hong• kong residents into pro-main• land, pro-Taiwan and pro-Britain factions. "The most important point is that we all hope Hong• kong will stay stable and pros• perous," he said. Many delegates expect a con• siderable number of Hongkong rep• resentatives to join the committee CPPCC delegates from Hongkong and Macao discuss Hongkong's future. that will draft the Hongkong Basic Law. Tsui Sze Man, managing declaration, we've gotten the but it is just a beginning. There is director of the Hongkong newspa• guarantee. 1 believe thiat Chinese a lot to be done in the future. per company which owns The Hongkong people can manage Mirror, suggested that representa• One of these things, said Poon this free port and financial centre tives from Hongkong make up Kwong Wai, chairman of the better than the British," liang 40 percent of the drafting com• Hongkong Federation of Trade said. mittee. In addition, he suggested Unions, is to handle relations be• that a "public opinion collecting Wong Ker Lee. chairman of tween various social groups and bureau" be set up to assist the the board of Tai Cheng Ltd., political parties properly and committee. "The bureau would said he could not have expected peacefully. "There are diverse be an organ of work rather than a bettor agreement than the joint groups of people in Hongkong. that of power," he said. declaration. "I'm satisfied with it Everybody has his or her own con• very much. 1 think the policy of viction. We have seen many un• Hongkong people running Hong• stable factors, and if we do not kong that the Chinese leaders handle the contradictions among Opening Includes have declared is absolutely con• the people, we will probably see vincing," he said. conflicts," Poon said. He said Socialist Countries On the other hand, Wong said, there has already been progress there are still some Hongkong res• made in this "important but hard Though China has made a gigan• idents who still hold a wait-and- work." He said he is confident of tic bid for Western investment and see attitude about the city's future. Some are even preparing to leave Hongkong, he said. "This is nat• ural, not at all surprising," Wong PLACES THIS ISSUE continued. "We are the representa• tives of 5 million Hongkong res• idents. We should act as a bridge, one between the mainland and Hongkong, between the central authorities and the Hongkong people. It is our duty to explain the policy to the Hongkong peo• ple in order to set their minds at rest," Wong said.

Many delegates suggested that the signing of the joint declaration is not the final act. The agreement (1) Beihai (p. 24) (2) Hengyang {p. 10) (3) Gonzhou (p. 10) is indeed a great event, they said. (4) Shaoguan (p. 10) (5) Harbin (p. 30) (6) Changchun (p. 30)

April 15. 1985 7 trade, the country's policy of open• also suggested that apart from ing to the outside world is equally trade, the two countries enter into News in Brief applicable to socialist countries. co-operative production in diverse Today, China is expanding its busi• forms. China plans to spend 29.b ness relations with almost every In return, Obodowski expressed bMlion yuan, or 5? percent of socialist nation, including the So• his satisfaction with the smooth its total capital construction viet Union and the East Euro• development of Polish-Chinese investment, on developing pean countries. A case in point energy, transportation and is China's increased trading activity' relations. "Poland appreciates telecommunications facilities with Poland, whose deputy chair• China's positive attitude in develop• this year. man of the Council of Ministers, ing its relations with Poland and farausz Obodowski, visited China other socialist countries in recent , The figure for energy proj• March 28 to April 5. years," he said. ects constitutes an increase 0l::2#^ and invest• Obodowski's Visit in itself is an ment in transportation, tele-, indication of the reinforced friend• communication and civil ship between the two countries. aviation facilities will grow His trip was the first in more than 14 Open Cities by 26 percent over last year. 20 years by a leader of the vice- premier level. Make Headway :Forcigjav'lunds fej-ftj:;ttsed to build and modernize pe- The past few years have seen J|^eufliv'.:';;pwer.,: i||piical>. frequent visits between Chinese Since opening to the world a yjSt¥.ihd;Stee^ pro}Hai;A,as^ and Polish ranking officials and year ago, China's 14 coastal cities •well as railways and har• trade delegations. The meetings have made significant economic bours, will reach 10 billion brought about the 1984 signing of headway, as groups of foreign in• yuan, or 12.5 percent of the a 10-year agreement on Sino- vestors have streamed in to finance • tfe>tM:Sa|iifs|16^^ Polish economic and technical co• joint ventures, co-operative enter• operation. The visits also led to prises or their own businesses. the establishment of a govern• mental economic, trade, scientifia jih,. Shart||lii;j ihe Ifif^ftt.s;.,, in-. By the end of 1984, statistics and technological co-operation dustrial city in China, is de- indicate the 14 cities signed more committee. ^;}#mij)ctt/3^flS'^^WiS than 200 contracts on joint ven• banking and trading centre tures, co-operative management Trade between China and Po• in Asia. To achieve its goal-, and foreign-funded enterprises, land has been on the rise since worth altogether about USS700 1982, hitting a record high in 1984. developing its aei\icc tiadcs. But this years trade is estimated ^aid Vice-Mayor Ruan million in foreign investment. Port to be valued at 1.3 billion Swiss : .ChdngwUii ;The Qui|iai valiie city officials also concluded more francs, 180 percent more than in of service trades this year than 800 technological transfer 1984. JvP:itt.;r€ach 9,|8^ billion jiMiirt',:: agreements worth US$700 million. an 11 percent increase over Premier Zhao Ziyang told Dalian, for example, had no last yeat, kuan predicted Obodowski March 30 that China's joint ventures prior to 1983. Da• open policy is applicable to lian officials, however, signed 21 socialist countries, and he pointed The Chinese Academy^ of joint-venture contracts last year. A to the recent boom in trade as Sciences recently announced proof. "The Chinese government second example is Tianjin. The the completion of .1,274 re• attaches great importance to and coastal city near Beijing had only search projects, more than will work hard for friendship be• 14 joint ventures before 1983, but tween, the Chinese and Polish peo• it added 35 in 1984. In addition, been applied to' production. ples and co-operation between the Tianjin officials signed more than The academy is now trying two countries." 250 agreements calling for the im• to make u.^c uf the other re• port of technology and equipment, search : findings by way of The Chinese premier told the technical transfers, running 84 percent of which called for Polish deputy chairman that as so• joint ventures or providing technically advanced equipment. cialist countries, China and Poland technical consulting services. should build their co-operation on Foreign investment has pro• a sustained and steady basis. He moted economic construction in all

8 Beijing Review, No. 15 14 cities, as their total industrial output value reached 157.2 billion yuan, up 11.5 percent from 1983's. Airports in most of the open cities have either been expanded or renovated. Harbours have been enlarged and updated. By the end of this year, they are all expected to have long-distance cables, telex systems and auto• mated telephone switchboards. In addition, other urban improve• ments such as water and power facilities, highways, restaurants and other service outlets are now under construction.

Jiang Zhen, an official in charge of capital construction in Qing- This Is for the Birds dao's economic and technological development zone, said the city Students from the biology department at Beijing Normal College plans to allocate 160 million yuan ecently took to the streets to urge people to "love and protect birds." this year to improve the infrastruc• ;hina has 1,186 kinds of birds, the widest variety in the world. About 14 percent of all the world's species are found in China. To make Chino ture in the zone. The first-phase 3 "bird-loving country," the State Council's Environmental Protection construction includes a water puri• Committee recently called for increased protection for birds and urged fication plant, a hotel, a power ocol governments to establish protected areas for China's fine feathered riends. transmission project, telecommuni• cations facilities and a highway, said Jiang.

In Guangzhou, a 2.6-square- kilometre zone is being prepared for first-phase construction of in• zhou in the years ahead, the State is lucrative." said Hu Ying-hsing, dustrial, science and technology, Council said, are to import president of the Hongkong Hehe information and electronics build• advanced technology to revamp its Construction Corp. Ltd. ings. The work is due to begin in aging enterprises and to update Hu, a member of the Chinese the second half of the year. City such products as processed food, People's Political Consultative officials said that regulations on building materials, knitwear, gar• Conference, was in Beijing for the taxes, technological imports, land ments, leather and electrical recent CPPCC session after having use, labour, wages and business machines. registration have been or are now attended the ground-breaking cere• being worked out, and more than In addition, the State Council mony for the Guangzhou-Shenzhen 20 liaison companies have been has approved Wenzhou's construc• Expressway, a project his com• established to co-ordinate foreign tion plans for an airport, a hydro• pany funded. investment. electric station and a 10,000-ton Hu said that the China Hotel, a harbour berth. The berth will be joint venture between his company Somewhat behind is the open partly financed by the state. and the Guangzhou Yangcheng city of Wenzhou. Handicapped by Service Corp., has already proved poor communications and transpor• to be a success. In the 10 months tation facilities, the construction on Biggest Investor following its opening in March Wenzhou's infrastructure has not 1984, Hu was able to remit abroad proceeded as fast as others. In Bullish on China US$14 million, nearly one-seventh approving the city's development of his total investment of US$100 programme, the State Council "Prospects for economic co• million. Known for its good urged city officials to step up con• operation between Hongkong and service, the hotel has been more struction of such facilities so as to Chinese mainland are promising than 90 percent occupied. pave the way for further develop• and have great potential to be tap• ment. The primary tasks for Wen- ped. Investment in the mainland In addition to its financial suc-

April 15, 1985 9 cess; the China Hotel has laid a areas like the Zhujiang (Pearl) foundation for mutual trust and River Delta area. understanding, as well as for fur• Around the Globe Transportation, energy and tele• ther co-operation, Hu said. communications problems. If these Hu has already invested in problems can be solved in several several projects on the mainland: decades, said Hu, China will ex• Spokesman Restates China's US$100 million in the China Hotel, perience an industrial takeoff that Position on Macao Issue US$470 million in the first-phase will catapult the nation to the Responding to a question construction of the Guangzhou- advanced international level. Of on the Hongkong and Macao Shenzhen Expressway, US$450 course, investment in education is issues at an April 3 press million in a 700.000-kw thermal also very important. cont'ercnce. a Chinese foreign power plant in Guangdong Prov• As far as transportation facili• ministry spokesman said that ince's Dongguan County, US$60 ties concerned, Hu said there is not Macao is part of China's ter• million in the Shenzhen Hotel, a perfect solution. There are no ritory. He noted that China US$60 million in the Shenzhen transportation means that can and Portugal reached an Railway Station and US$20 million move huge amounts of goods understanding on this matter in the Shenzhen customs building. quickly and at a low cost. Rela• when they established dip• Hu is said to be the biggest in• tively speaking, highway trucking lomatic relations. "We con• vestor in China, with a total invest• is the most advantageous, he said. sistently hold that China'? ment of US$1,160 million. Trucks deliver goods from door to restoration of its right to ex-' door and can deliver as fast as an When asked if he is afraid of crcisc its sovereignty over ' airplane over distances in the 500 running risks by investing in the Macao and other related is• to 800 km range. Though highway mainland, Hu thought for a mo• sues should be settled at an construction entails a bigger invest• ment and then said with certainty, appropriate time through ment, it is profitable over the long "Investment runs risks anywhere in friendly negotiations between run. "I build expressways on the the world. When we say investing the Chinese and Portuguese mainland to, among other inten• in the mainland runs risks, we governments. This is the tions, awaken our people to its mean that China is less experienc• consistent position of the Chi• advantages," Hu said. ed in following open policies nese government on the Ma• cao issue," he added. and foreigners have less un• "I am very ambitious," said Hu, derstanding of China. But things "After the completion of the are getting better. With the gradual Guangzhou-Shenzhen Expressway, improvement of the legal system, I plan to build the Guangzhou- China Applauds EEC's things might get even better and Hengyang highway to link the Addition of Spain, Portugal , better." Changjiang (Yangtze) River valley. Spain and Portugal will Then I want to build the Guang- join the European 'Economic Speaking of the mainland's eco• zhou-Shaoguan-Ganzhou highway Community (EEC) beginning nomic takeoff, Hu said there are a so that goods in Jiangxi and An- January 1, 1986. The deci• couple of important factors: hui provinces might be exported sion was made at an EEC Policies. The centra! governrrient's through Shenzhen Harbour. Of summit meeting March 30. policies have proved fruitful. Such course, these are only some ideas China holds that this is an policies us the rural production res• which need to be studied further." important step in building ponsibility system and the ongoing he said. the alliance in Western Eu• rope. It is the Chinese view urban economic restructuring are In addition, Hu plans to finance that a united and powerful very good, said Hu. Their final three 50,000-ton berths in Shen• Europe will contribute to success, however, depends on how zhen and more hotels in large peace and stability in the well the local authorities imple• mainland cities. He also hopes to world and China is eager to ment them. The human factor open a training class for scientists develop friendly ties and presents no problem. The Chinese and technicians in Guangzhou. are intelligent and hardworking, economic and technological and they can work miracles any• Hongkong's prosperity, Hu con• co-operation with the EEC, where in the world. Given the cluded, must be linked with the Spain and Portugal includ• present policies, Hu said, it is prosperity of the mainland. The ed. likely that per-capita income will stability and prosperity of the rise to US$2,000-3,000 within two country will determine Hongkong's or three decades in prosperous prosperity in the future, he said.

W Beijing Review, No. 15 INTERNATIONAL

European Community ' times embroiled in fierce quar• rels to defend their own interests, but they made strenuous efforts in A Move Towards Unifying Europe the spirit of mutual understanding and compromise for the common With the entry of Spain and Portugal, the European Com• end of a united Europe, as is munity has taken another important step towards pulling clearly demonstrated in the Western Europe together. agreement. The entry of Spain and Portugal will help both the new members tions. The two Iberian countries by WEI WEI and all of the EC member states. are less developed than the rest For Spain and Portugal, although of Europe, with Spain's gross some of the terms are harsh, the ITH the approval of entry national product only half and advantages of being in the EC W requirements by the Euro• Portugal's only one-quarter of the outweigh the disadvantages. Their pean Community (EC) foreign Federal Republic of Germany's domestic economies will benefit ministers on March 28, the addition GNP. They are expected to ask from the larger, more open Euro• of Spain and Portugal to the EC for more economic help after pean market. Similarly, though was assured. The Iberian nations entering the EC. Secondly, some the EC will be confronted with will formally join the community members of the community new problems arising from the on January 1, 1986. This marks worried about the economic policy entry of the new members, it will the EC's third expansion since its troubles that are likely to arise see an expanded market for in• formation, the first coming when with the entry of Spain, which has dustrial products and investment, Denmark, Ireland and the United a developed agriculture and which should contribute to Kingdom of Great Britain joined fishing industry that could threaten Europe's economic recovery. in 1973 and the second when farmers and fishermen throughout Greece joined in 1981. Europe. In addition to the EC's There is no other way to vitalize reluctance, there were sharp differ• Europe than to make it unified, The entry of Spain and Portugal ences over agricultural reform and and the union of Europe, Western will increase the EC's membership budget apportionment among EC observers pointed out, was incom• from 10 to 12, its total population members. Thus, the negotiations plete without Spain and Portugal. to more than 300 million. Located on expanding the EC were delayed Expanding the EC is an important on the Iberian Peninsula, the two again and again. step towards an economically and countries are strategically impor• politically integrated Europe. tant. Economically powerful Spain Although new barriers will appear will be particularly helpful in The turning point in the negotia• in the path of the EC's progress, forging closer relations between tions did not come until last June's it will certainly play an increasing the EC and Latin America in Fontainebleau summit. At that role in the world. politics, economy and culture. summit the 10 leaders of the EC Their entry boosts the EC's nations formally agreed to accept economic and political power, Portugal and Spain into the EC. helping it to play a more important Last October the EC signed a role in the world. document with Portugal on the principles of its membership, and Portugal applied for EC mem• a recent agreement between the EC bership in March 1977 and Spain and Spain on two key problems — in )uly of the same year. Negotia• agriculture and fishing — proved tions on entry conditions between to be a significant breakthrough. the EC and Portugal started in October 1978 and Spain's talks Looking back, both the EC began in February 1979. There members and Spain and Portugal were many difficulties, especially displayed great patience throughout those related to economic interests, the course of negotiations. They during the long course of negotia• often disagreed and were some-

April 15, 1985 11 Central Africa cal personnel, many projects had to be stopped and heavy losses were suffered in state-owned enter• Nations Revamp Economic Policies prises. After adopting open-door policies and more liberal eco• The governments learnt from nomic policies, countries in Central Africa have taken a their experience that the best turn for the better. way to develop a national econo• my is to use the local resources value of grain imports to the region to develop small- and medium- by LIN LAN reached US|238 million in 1980. size enterprises, including both pri• which placed a heavy burden upon vate and state-private ones, which the foreign exchange-poor coun• need less investment and produce N attempts to rejuvenate their tries. almost instant returns. The gov• I national economies, the nine ernments have adopted legislation In order to change this situa• Central African countries have and policies to encourage such en• rea'djusted both domestic and for• tion, authorities in the Central terprises. Meanwhile, they con• eign economic policies over the African countries began to put solidated or reorganized some ex• past few years and they have more stress on agricultural devel• isting state-owned enterprises in achieved some initial successes. opment, especially grain produc• attempts to make them profitable. tion. The Central African Repub• The Central African nations — lic, for example, has launched na• The Central African countries Equatorial Guinea, Chad, Zaire, tional campaigns to improve farm• have also worked on developing the Congo, Gabon, Cameroon, ing techniques since 1981. It has diplomatic relations and encourag• Burundi, Rwanda and the Central encouraged the use of oxen to pull ing trade to serve their economic African Republic — are primarily ploughs and has given awards to development. agricultural countries. Some 85 production experts. The govern• While maintaining traditional percent of the population of the ments of Cameroon, Zaire and economic relations with France region farms. Although fertile Rwanda have tried to liberalize and Belgium, these countries have soil, abundant sunshine and suf• economic policies and adopt open- attempted to reach out to other na• ficient rainfall endow the region door stances. They have also tions, especially the developed with advantageous natural condi• adopted a series of measures aimed countries. They have modified tions, most countries there do not at sparking enthusiasm for produc• their (investment laws to attract have enough grain to feed them• tion and agricultural development. more foreign capital. selves. The shortage stems from Such measures have included in• In 1983 the nine nations estab• the past emphasis on heavy indus• creasing agricultural investment, lished the Central African Eco• try and mining rather than on agri• raising grain purchasing prices, nomic Community, and the first culture. And the agriculture poli• training agricultural technicians, summit was held last year. Every cy, itself, stressed profitable cash establishing loan banks for agri• country in the organization has crops. As a result, food produc• culture that can provide low- endorsed plans to enhance region• tion was inadequate, going from interest loans and cutting agricul• al co-ordination and development, bad to worse. tural taxes. to work together with one heart Between 1975 and 1980, the re• The Central African countries in times of difficulty and to work gion's per-capita grain output fell have also strongly supported small- hard for regional prosperity. 1.1 percent every year while the and medium-size enterprises, while Several years have passed since population grew by 2.3 percent, so streamlining larger state-owned the Central African governments the gap between supply and de• ones. In the past most Central began readjusting their economic mand became even larger. Five African governments seemed policies, and initial successes have of the nine Central African na• overanxious to achieve quick eco• already been seen. Rwanda and tions rank among the world's poor• nomic expansion. They blindly Burundi are now almost self-suf• est, according to the United imported large projects and pur• ficient in grain. The Central Nations. Most of them have suf• sued state-ownership and col• African Republic's 1984 cotton fered from severe droughts and lectivization. They often de• crop doubled the 1982 yield, and heavy debts. veloped massive plans and grand the country's grain output in• All of the Central African coun• schemes that took years to creased dramatically. Cameroon tries, with the exception of Came• reap returns. But due to finan- not only meets its own grain roon, must import grain to meet cial problems, poor management needs; it exports some. More and the domestic demand. The total and a shortage of qualified techni• more small- and medium-size en-

12 Beijing Review, No. 15 terprises have been set up through• look somewhat improved. Despite flowing into Japan's .Jinanci^l out the region, and aid from the the present severe drought in Afri• market. West and international organiza• ca and the restraining chains of The technological and financial tions has increased somewhat. the international economic order, gaps between the two countries Zaire and other heavy debtor na• the Central African countries ap• have been narrowed in recent tions have reached some debt pear to be learning from their ex• years. There were 28 people in moratorium agreements with credi• perience and look to have a bright• every 10,000 Japanese involved in tors, and their financial situations er future. scientific study in 1982, only two less than in the United States. Japan's technological exports US-Japan soared from 1.03 percent of the US figure in 1965 to 7.5 percent Economic Conflict Grows Hotter in 1981. Over those 16 years, Japan multiplied its technological As the United States' trade deficit with Japan grows ever exports 32.5 times, while the larger, Washington has repeatedly accused Tokyo of United States exports grew only unfair trade practices. And the conflict over trade is 3.6 times. Looking at the finan• only part of the economic battle taking place across the cial field, Japan's direct overseas Pacific. investment has grown much quick• er than the United States'. ed white-hot since 1980. Postwar by XIAO SHIZE Because of their strategic and Japan's sophisticated technology economic alliance, Japan and the has run the course: Initiated by HOUGH economic friction United States have been able to the United States and other West• sparked by growing trade achieve some "temporary relaxa• T ern countries after World War II, imbalances grew between the tion of tension" through negotia• it has progressed from imitation United States and Japan through• tions, readjustments and conces• to renovation and on to develop• out the late 1960s and 1970s, sions. But because the economic ment. Today, while Japan still the conflict has grown worse since balance between the two countries lags behind the United States in 1980 as the two nations have is always changing and competi• the fields of defence, aviation, battled over financial markets tion is fierce, their conflict is space exploration and electronic and sophisticated technology. destined to expand and deepen. computers, it has caught up with During his 1983 [apanese tour, or surpassed the United States in First, Washington grows in• President Ronald Reagan asked the areas of large information- creasingly unhappy with its huge Japan to raise the value of the yen processing machinery, magnetic trade imbalance. In recent years and to open its financial markets. memory instruments, biochemistry the United States has continually And when Prime Minister and pharmaceutical manufactur• scolded Japan for "paying lip Yasuhiro Nakasone met with ing. There are some in the United service" to solving the trade prob• States who warn that their coun• Reagan again last January in Los lems without making real con• try faces two rivals — a military Angeles, economic relations were cessions. US leaders have com• Soviet Union and technological once again the primary topic of plained that Japanese industry has Japan. discussion. In addition, the US prospered on the basis of the US Congress in recent weeks has US-Japanese friction over finan• market but American industries grown increasingly angry with cial markets has also escalated in have received nothing in return. Japan's trade policies, a sign that recent years. International finan• Japan, for its part, is unhappy the economic conflict has escalat• cial markets have been damaged with the constant pressure applied ed to a new plane. by the global debt crisis, and US by the United States. Since 1965, the United States dollars have overwhelmed the markets. Now, only Japan's Second, both Japan and the has exported less to Japan than it market appears to be capable of United States are preparing for has imported. According to US absorbing the surplus dollars, but a new round of battle. Japanese in• statistics, the trade deficit grew Japan keeps a fairly tight lid on dustry has concentrated on equip• from US$300 million in 1967 to a its market. The United States is ment replacements, technological whopping US$37 billion last year. eager for Japan to raise the value renovation and diversifying its US-Japanese tension over of the yen and remove the restric• products, all measures aimed at sophisticated technology has turn- tions that keep US dollars from improving competitiveness.

April 15, 1985 15 Looking Back on Bandung

The Asian-African Conference, held April 18-24, 1955, was of epoch-making signifi• cance not only in the history of the Afro-Asian nations' struggle for national inde• pendence, but also in the history of modern international relations.

by HUANG HUA war following serious trials of strength with the Korean and Chinese people. In 1954 a con• HIS year the Asian-African ference was called in Geneva T Conference marks its 30th to find solutions to the Korean anniversary. The government of Indonesia, which hosted the i question and the Indochina conference, has proposed to issue. Though it made no head• observe with due fanfare the way with the Korean question, occasion April 24-25 in Ban• the Indochina issue was crown• dung, the mountain resort ed with success. This helped! where the historic event took ease the international situa• place. All the original par• tion, especially tension in Asia. ticipating countries praised the But this was only one side of initiative and warmly respond• the picture. The other sida ed by accepting Djakarta's in• showed that the forces of vitation. China will be there imperialism and colonialism, with Wu Xueqian, state coun• not reconciled to defeat, were cillor and foreign minister, to tremendous changes that had trying by all means to preserve head its delegation to the celebra• taken place in Asia and Africa their colonial interests and cling tion. since the Bandung Conference, to their spheres of influence. they felt encouraged by a growing Their manoeuvres made matters The Asian-African Conference, desire common to all — to worse. held April 18-24, 1955, ^was of strengthen ties of solidarity and epoch-making significance not Against this background, the to pool their efforts for further only in the history of the Afro- prime ministers of India, Indone• development. Asian nations' struggle for na• sia, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon tional independence, but also in Today, the world we live in is (now Sri Lanka) met in Colombo, the history of m9dern interna• far from being a tranquil place. capital of Sri Lanka, in April tional relations. While there are many I rouble- 1954, and their discussion result• ed in a joint proposal to hold a It may be recalled that the In• spots — Indochina, Afghanistan, conference of Afro-Asian nations. donesian government had a meet• the Middle East, South Africa In fune that year, Zhou visited ing organized to commemorate and Central America, we are also India and Burma during a recess the 10th anniversary in Djakarta. embroiled by the arms race by of the Geneva conference. He Many heads of state or govern• the superpowers, problems arising told the prime ministers of the ment attended this decennial. The from the North-South dialogue, two countries that China sup• late Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai etc. In such a world, it is ob• ported their call for an Afro- and Vice-Premier Chen Yi availed viously of practical international Asian conference. Out of this themselves of the reunion to talk significance that the Indonesian visit China concluded with India to old friends and make many government should propose once and Burma respectively a com• new ones. As they reviewed the again that the 30th anniversary of the Bandung Conference • be munique calling on all states to observed. handle their relations in accord• ance with the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence — mutual The author who is Vice-Chairman respect for sovereignty and ter• of the Standing Committee of China's Background to Bandung National People's Congress has been ritorial integrity, mutual non- aggression, non-interference in Vice-Premier and Foreign Minister, Back in the early 1950s. the and served as the Chinese govern• each other's internal affairs, United States was forced to ac• ment delegation advisor and spokes• equality and mutual benefit, and man during the Bandung Conference. cede to a ceasefire in the Korean

14 Beijing Review, No. 15 The late Premier Zhou addressed the 1955 Bandung Conference. peaceful coexistence. The new Western powers. At Bandung case, all of Asia and Africa made doctrine produced widespread re- they discussed matters of their a common stand to oppose percusions in Asia and Africa. In own concern, turning over a new colonialism. They strove for na• December, the late Chairman Mao page in the history of the Asian tional independence and, once Zedong gave visiting Burmese and African continents. that was won, to cement it. They Prime Minister U Nu to under• were against wars of aggression, stand what China would expect At that time, most of Asia and wanted peace to prevail in the of the proposed Afro-Asian con• Africa groaned under the yoke of world. Solidarity and co-opera• ference. The Colombo conferees colonialism and the people there tion on the basis of equality and plus the efforts of China and fell victims to cruel exploitation mutual benefit were their com• other Asian and African nations and repression by imperialist mon aim. brought about the convocation of powers. Countries that had won the Asian-African Conference in national independence were there• Inspired as they were by this Bandung. Indonesia. fore bent on eliminating their common aspiration, the Asian and economic and cultural backward• African countries convened the A New Page in Afro-Asian ness, a legacy of colonial rule. Bandung Conference. The then History Since their task was to develop Indonesian President Sukarno For the first time in world the economy and improve the gave expression to this common history representatives from ex• people's living standard, they desire of the Asian and African clusively Asian and African coun• needed more than anything else a people in his opening speech "Let tries — 29 in all — slammed the long-term peaceful international a New Asia and a New Africa Be conference door shut to the environment. Such being the Born!"

April 15, 1985 J5 The Chinese government set Chinese government made it pos• plementary to the written state• great store by the conference. sible for the Asian-African Con• ment, be drafted immediately. Upon receiving the formal invita• ference to open as originally While foHowing the conference tion, it decided to send a delega• planned. proceedings, the premier went tion, to be headed by Zhou. It over and corrected the new believed that the conference speech. would play a positive- role in Premier Zhou at the broadening the international Conference When finally it was China's united front for world peace, turn to speak, extreme quiet Nevertheless it was not all pushing forward the national in• came over the entire hall as all plain sailing for the conference. dependence movement and ce• present held their breath and Having failed to spike it, the im• menting China's friendship and watched the Chinese Premier ap• perialists now resorted to other co-operation with other Asian proach the lectern. They wonder• means to wreck its proceedings. and African countries. ed what he would say. They slandered and attacked Chi• China's participation was na, sowed discord among some Thus Zhou began his ad• warmly welcomed by the great countries and made them quarrel dress: "The Chinese delegation majority of countries in Asia and with each other, in a bid to turn has come here to seek unity and Africa, but the news also shook the gathering into a fruitless not to quarrel. ... The Chinese a few imperialist powers, which melodrama and break it up. delegation has come here to seek had no intention of being just common ground, not to create The conference soon came onlookers. They tried their divergence." under a cloud after it opened utmost to meddle. On the eve of when a handful of delegates held the conference, they acted through Conciliatory and to the point, forth and hurled charges against Taiwan's secret agents and engi• Zhou's speech produced a China by name. They did so per• neered the destruction of the great impact on the delegates haps as a result of others' in• Kashmir Princess airliner, which by letting the facts speak for stigation, or let prejudice against was chartered by Beijing from themselves and using reasoning New China get the better of them, India to fly the Chinese delega• rather than rhetoric to persuade or behaved out of sheer ignorance. tion to Indonesia. The aircraft and argue for China's case. Hard• Whatever it was, their action exploded in mid-air as it ap• ly had he finished when the hall poisoned the atmosphere. All proached its destination. It was resounded with thunderous ac• eyes, from the delegates to the an obvious attempt to kill Zhou clamation and plaudits. Prime reporters, turned to Zhou, waiting and the members of the Chinese Minister Ali Sastroamidjojo of In• to see how he would respond to delegation, and thus to prevent donesia, who was presiding over the situation. the conference from taking place. the conference. Prime Minister The advance party of eight Chi• Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Prime It may be noted that before Minister U Nu of Burma and de• nese (three delegation aides and leaving Beijing, the Chinese del• five reporters) and three foreign legates from many other countries egation, guided by Premier Zhou, left their seats and walked over newsmen, one each from Poland, had prepared a speech outlining Austria and Viet Nam, died in to congratulate the Chinese pre• the situation and tasks facing the incident. China may be said mier, shaking his hand or ex• Asia and Africa. It embodies the to have paid a price in blood for pressing their approval by em• tenets of China's foreign policy the convocation of the Bandung bracing him. Even those who had of peace. As originally planned, Conference. assailed China in their speeches the premier would address the came over to greet Zhou, some gathering mainly on the basis of In the face of such imperialist expressing regret for speaking out the prepared speech, which had sabotage, the Chinese government of turn. been revised to take into account reacted with prudence and pro• some new factors after the del• priety — exposing and condemn• Zhou's speech laid stress on egation's arrival in Bandung. ing the imperialist diabolic acts his well-known principle — apart, it announced that the in• Npw faced with these new de• "seeking a community of views cident would not shake its de• velopments, the original speech while reserving points of dif• termination to take part in the seemed inadequate. Then and ference." China, Zhou said, conference and that the govern• there it was decided that copies of could have raised the issue on ment delegation led by Zhou the prepared speech be distribut• Taiwan or the one on China's would duly arrive in Bandung as ed to all in the conference hall seat in the United Nations, but scheduled. This decision by the and that a new version, sup• she did not, knowing only too

Beijing Review, No. 15 well that might throw the con• rier to progress in their cultural servation of peace and facilitates ference into confusion to no life. China endorsed this view• development and benefits a new avail. He set forth China's stand point, as did those who pre• political and economic order in and policies on social systems, viously were against condemning the world. But the Five Prin• ideologies, religions and so on. colonialism. Nevertheless some ciples of Peaceful Coexistence None of these, he added, should representatives proposed adding were not fully understood by all be made an excuse to impede the "any form of" before the word the representatives at the con• unity of Asian and African coun• "colonialism," a Western prop• ference. Some even opposed to tries and their search for agree• aganda ploy frequently used at using the expression of "the Five ment while leaving aside their the time to hint obliquely at so• Principles of Peaceful Coex• differences. The Chinese premier cialist countries, China included. istence." While the premier did underscored the significance of Of course China took exception. not expect that in such a situa• abiding by the Five Principles of Discussion followed, and finally tion others would accept the Peaceful Coexistence between India and Pakistan suggested that wording of the Five Principles of Asian and African countries and "the existence of colonialism in Peaceful Coexistence chapter and rest of the world. Asia and Africa" had to be stated verse, he nevertheless tried his if the expression "any form of" utmost to take into account the At the end of his speech, Zhou was inserted. Still, one country in• good suggestions from others that extended a warm invitation to all sisted on adding "in many parts" accord with these principles. As the delegates to the conference to after "Asia and Africa" to show a result, the 10 principles of visit China, and especially to see that it was no longer a colonial Bandung incoporated the quin• its southeastern coastal provinces country. True, they were at odds tessence of the Five Principles and the region of the southern with each other, yet no country or of Peaceful Coexistence. This seaboard. There was no "bamboo any group of countries could im• was in complete agreement with curtain" in China, he said, and, pose their views on the other. The Zhou, who always tried to if anything, there had been at• representatives at Bandung rec• achieve unanimity through conr- tempts to set up a "smokescreen" ognized that they must work sultations by taking above all between us. In the opinion of together in a friendly atmosphere the whole situation into considera• Sastroamidjojo, the conference's and draw upon all the positive tion, by fostering unity, by seek• chairman, and other representa• ideas for a document acceptable ing areas of agreement while re• tives, the speech by the Chinese to all. The final words read, serving points of difference. premier was the turning point of "The Asian-African Conference the conference. took note of the fact that the The proceedings of the Ban• existence of colonialism in many dung Conference were as com• parts of Asia and Africa, in plex as they were. To gain the Seeking Common Ground whatever form it may be... best results, Zhou not only While Reserving colonialism in all its manifesta• conducted himself well at the Differences tions is an evil which should conference table, being candid speedily be brought to an end..." and treating everyone else as an Obviously, couched in this way, equal, but also availed himself of The conference, however, did the statement was more suitable every opportunity to widen his not conclude on time because than "any form of colonialism." contacts and hold talks with many there were controversy and dif• delegations outside the conference ferences in the political committee hall. His activities led to the which was responsible for draft• mutual understanding beforehand, ing the joint communique for the The Birth of the Ten Principles bringing about solutions to many conference. The main point at questions before such matters issue was the paragraph on came up formally at the con• "colonialism." Most of the coun• Now the Five Principles of ference. This kept contradictions tries, India, Indonesia and Egypt, Peaceful Coexistence have already and controversies within limits and for instance, insisted on having become a universally recognized moreover promoted mutual un• the word included in the pre• doctrine that guides relations be• derstanding to the fullest possible amble, while a few voted against tween states since it reflects the extent. it. The contention of the majority fundamental interests of most of was that the people in Asia and the third world and quite a few Enroute to Bandung, Zhou Africa would be offended if industrially developed medium- stopped over in Rangoon, the colonialism was not pointed out sized and small countries. Not capital of Burma, where he twice in the preamble as the main bar• only that, it contributes to pre• held talks with the Burmese

April 15, 1985 17 leaders. After arrival at Bandung among the people in Asia and prevent them from forging their he again held talks respectively Africa in strengthening unity, in advance forward. with the delegation heads of In• waging their struggle against im• Over 3,000 million hard-work• donesia, India, Egypt, Pakistan, perialism and colonialism and for ing and courageous people and ex• Ceylon, the Philippines, Thailand independence. The fundamental tensive lands rich with nat• and several African countries. principles guiding international ural resources have endowed the This exchange of views generated relations as worked out by the third world with great advant• friendship and helped to sound Afro-Asian meeting have become age and potentials. The develop• out each other's opinions, which norms recognized by all to deal ment of the third world will were essential to laying down a with international relations be• undoubtedly contribute to the cause solid, good foundation for the tween countries. Despite many of world peace and human prog• formal conference. vicissitudes in the world situation, ress. Today, more and more far- these principles retained their sighted people in the industrially To cite one example. When vitality in the past 30 years. the conference came to its con• developed countries have come to cluding stage, someone brought realize that unless stability and Unity and Struggle for progress exist in the third world, up the issue of Taiwan, in an at• Progress tempt to stir up trouble so that it is difficult, if not impossible, for it could not end as scheduled. Great changes have come over them to go on living in afflunce. Thanks to Zhou's previous the world in the past 30 years. Again, it is difficult to relax inter• efforts in explaining China's The basic ones are that the period national tension and maintain the stand on the issue of Taiwan with of imperialism and colonialism stability without the third world the leaders of India, Indonesia, which once dominated the world also striving might and main for Burma and other countries, which is gone, never to return, and in peace. We must reform the old gained their sympathy and sup• its place is a third world growing unjust world economic order port, this question was solved to and developing by leaps and and establish in its place a new, the satisfaction of all at a group bounds. Although it is still beset just world economic order. We meeting held by the delegation with difficulties, the third world must rid the world of power pol• heads of India, Indonesia, Burma has become a decisive force in the itics, hegemonism and spheres of and five other countries. After• international arena. It is true that influence in order to safeguard wards, as the spokesman of the conditions differ from one coun• world peace and allow mankind Chinese delegation, I distributed try to another and many are still to make steady progress. This is to the press copies of the solemn the victim of poverty and scientif• the most important lesson which the history after World War II has statement of Zhou on the issue ic and cultural backwardness,- given us. of Taiwan. The statement de• the result of long periods of clared: "The Chinese people are colonial rule and the effects of On the occasion of the 30th an• friendly to the American people. an unequal and unjust old in• niversary of the Bandung Confer• The Chinese people do not want ternational economic order. ence, it seems quite clear that the to have a war with the United Moreover, there are disputes left Asian and African people will like States of America. The Chinese by history, and there are con• to wish the participants at Bandung government is willing to sit down flicts and dissensions caused by to display once again the spirit of and enter into negotiations with foreign aggression and interfer• former days — to seek common the United States government to ence which hold solidarity and discuss the question of relaxing ground and put aside their differ• progress in check. Nevertheless tension in the Far East, and ences, to promote unity and toge• they share a common desire to especially the question of relaxing ther work for development and safeguard and consoHdate their tension in the Taiwan area." make joint efforts to strengthen national independence, to fight friendship, co-operation, and eco• against aggression and control This statement produced an nomic and cultural exchanges of from outside, to safeguard world enormous impact and served to the third world, to promote the peace, to develop their economy remove the stumbling blocks put economic development and safe• and science and culture, to im• in the way of the conference by guard world peace. As one of prove their people's living some people. Thus the joint com• the original participating country standards. Unity coupled with munique setting forth the 10 at the Asian-African Conference, struggle, progress by joint efforts, principles was adopted and the China hopes to join with the gov• have become a great historical conference was crowned with suc• ernments and people of other coun• trend. Whatever difficulties and cess. Since then the Bandung tries to make its contribution to obstacles there may be, none can spirit has become a potential force the common cause. •

18 Beijing Review, No. 15 NPC Sidelights Economic Reforms Succeed in Pilot Cities

new products, and to expand co• advanced technology, with the by HAN BAOCHENG operative relations with other total value of the contracts reach• Our Correspondent enterprises in Liaoning and else• ing US$443 million, 1.6 times HINA'S urban economic re• where. For example, the Anshan the total for the previous five C form, though started a bit later Iron and Steel Complex, China's years. than that in the countryside, has largest enterprise, has begun an Quan noted that the coastal city achieved initial success, and the overall reform. The enterprise has of Dalian last year concluded 253 orientation of the current reform is introduced different forms of the contracts on absorbing foreign correct as elaborated by Premier economic responsibility system, capital and importing technology, Zhao Ziyang in his government primarily the contract system, and involving a total of US$191 mil• work report. has reformed the old management lion, about 4.8 times more than in and distribution systems which That was the consensus among 1983. Of the investment, about were unsuitable to the develop- deputies from all over China to 71 percent will go towards upgrad• merii of production. the Third Session of the Sixth Na• ing existing enterprises. tional People's Congress. Ouan noted that Liaoning's Jiangsu Owes Success to New Changes in Heavy total output value of industry Reform industry reached 57.77 billion yuan last year, an 11.8 percent increase over Situated along the lower reaches In northeast China's Liaoning 1983. The national income earned of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, Province, one of the country's in• by the province increased 12.6 per• Jiangsu Province has made great dustrial bases, many large enter• cent in 1984, and revenue rosei strides in its economy in recent prises are directly administered by 11.3 percent. years. Though Jiangsu is among central and provincial authorities, The economic reforms also ac• the smallest provinces in China, its said a deputy from the province. celerated the implementation of total industrial and agricultural In the past, he added, Liaoning's the policy of opening to the out• output value has been the highest industrial enterprises arranged side world, said the provincial in the nation for four years run• their production and sales of prod• governor. The province last year ning. Last year Jiangsu's output ucts entirely in accordance with concluded a number of contracts value topped 100 billion yuan, ac• the state mandatory plan. But to import foreign investment and counting for 10 percent of the since economic readjustment and restructuring began in 1979 these enterprises have gradually enliven• NPC deputies from Liaoning Province at a group discussion. Deputy Aisin- ed their business by paying close Gioro Pu Jie (third horn left) is the brother of the last Qing Dynosty emperor. attention to market regulation and the development of commodity production.

Quan Shuren, the governor of Liaoning Province, said the situa• tion in which enterprises were put under excessive, rigid controls has begun to change since the State Council published a 10-point deci• sion on giving enterprises more powers of self-management last year. At present, enterprises not only have more say about produc• tion planning, sales and use of funds, they have also adopted flexible measures to purchase ma• terials and equipment, to upgrade existing enterprises, to develop

April 15, 1985 19 nation's total. has inalienable relations with other industrial output value surpassed Provincial Governor Gu Xiu- provinces, because most of the raw the combined total output value lian, while commenting on Zhao's materials, energy resources and of farming and sideline occupa• report, said that Jiangsu would not markets that Jiangsu needs are in tions. Today, some 2.81 million have achieved such great success other provinces," said Gu. peasants, 11 percent of the prov• without the economic restructure. "The most important thing in ince's rural labour force, work in Over the past few years, Gu noted, the economic restructure is to enterprises not related to farming. Jiangsu has balanced its develop• change the single planning system To give full play to the advan• ment of agriculture, light industry and channel of commodity circula• tages of key cities, said Gu, Jiang• and heavy industry, thus achieving tion, and to widen our co-operative su will turn Suzhou, Changzhou a sustained, steady, co-ordinated relations with other parts of the and Wuxi, the three cities close to economic growth. Our achieve• country on the basis of mutual Shanghai, into foreign trade bases ments, she said, were made benefit," said the provincial and windows for importing foreign steadily, not with a single stroke. governor. investment and advanced tech• The province's five cities — In the past year, Jiangsu Prov• nology. In addition, Jiangsu will Suzhou, Nanjing, Wuxi, Nantong ince has established co-operative speed up the modernization of two and Yangzhou — all topped the 10 relations with more than 20 prov• coastal cities, Nantong and Lian- billion yuan mark last year in their inces, municipalities and auton• yungang, which were among the total industrial and agricultural omous regions in the fields of in• 14 port cities opened to the outside output value. Jiangsu, which is vestment, techniques, materials world. well-known for electronics and its and equipment, as well as in pro• Nanjing, capital of the province, light industry, is paying close fessional support. strengthened its famous electronics attention to raising the quality of In implementing the current industry through the current eco• consumer products. Quality and economic reforms, Jiangsu has also nomic reforms. The Nanjing Wire high reputation are key to success tried to make full use of key cities. Factory is a large enterprise pro• in the marketplace in China's Provincial authorities have organiz• ducing equipment for carrier tele• developing commodity economy. ed more than 160 production net• communications, optic fibre tele• Last year 101 products made in the works with the enterprises that communications and other tele• province were awarded state gold produce "famous brand" products communications. The factory or silver medals, and 576 products as the backbone of the networks. provides about 80 percent of the named provincial superior-quality In this way, key enterprises can nation's total carrier wave equip• products. Among Chinese prod• produce more "famous-brand" ment, and it markets many of its ucts winning international prizes products while promoting the products abroad. Last November last year, four were made in development of rural industry. Nanjing established the Zijin In• Jiangsu Province. Last year Jiangsu's rural industrial formation Industry Co. with the "Jiangsu, with its economy output value went up to 23.6 bil• factory as its nucleus. lion yuan, and, for the first time. focusing on processing industries, Sha Qiliang, head of Zijin's planning department, took part in one of the NPC discussions. He said that large enterprises will get nowhere if they continue doing things as they did in the past. _ In the past, he complained, they only fulfilled their state-set quotas and never considered the market or the needs of customers. One of the obvious changes in the current economic reforms, said Sha, is that enterprises now must serve market needs. Rather than working in a vacuum, a company must turn out products according to the special needs of the customer. To win high prestige, a company must pay attention to the quality of its products, and it must Beijing Review, No. 15 offer various services to its custom• Last year there were 22 large only high rate of development, it ers, including free maintenance industrial networks formed be• will encounter dangers. and repair of products. tween 384 factories. These in• Compared with the correspond• dustrial networks brought in an Sha told the NPC deputies that ing period last year, Zhejiang's in• additional 2.5 to 3 billion yuan to new products made by his com• dustrial production increased by 43 the city, said Cheng. Pointing to pany include minicomputers, office percent in January and 39 percent the Nanjing Radio Factory, Cheng copiers and video display ter• in February, said Xue. The growth noted that the factory had raised minals. The company tries very rate is so high that it is threaten• its annual output from 200,000 hard to put these products on the ing to devour the supply of energy radio sets to 300,000 sets after market as soon as possible, he said. resources and raw materials and to linking its production with similar overburden transportation facili• The current economic restruc• factories in other cities. It is ex• ties. ture has linked the interests of the pected that the factory will turn state, the company and the in• out 700,000 sets this year and Some enterprises have put their dividual, said Sha, and every I million next year. workers on extra shifts or allowed worker is now concerned with the them to work extra hours, seeking company's economic benefits. The In the future, Cheng said, big increased production without re• company is now allowed to co• cities must vigorously develop gard to improving product quality operate more freely with foreign their tertiary industries in order to or reducing the consumption of firms, he said. And the result is enliven management and to pro• energy and raw materials. the establishment of software mote the socialization and special• The Zhejiang governor agreed development company jointly run ization of production. with the Party Central Committee's by Zijin and a Japanese firm. In decision to reform the price addition, the company has set aside Guarding Against system. But he urged leaders to US$2 million to invest in the Dangers carry out the reform in a planned United States. Xue Ju, the governor of Zhe- way because it would affect the Cheng Weigao, a NPC deputy jiang Province, announced that his interests of every household. As and a secretary of the Nanjing province's total output value of in• long as we watch every step, make Municipal Party Committee, said dustry and agriculture increased by sure we don't increase consump• that the Nanjing government en• 26.1 percent last year. The rapid tion too fast and put a stop to courages its enterprises to develop increase in production is, of course, illegal price hikes, said Xue, wild relations with enterprises in other a good thing, he said. But he price fluctuations can be pre• parts of China. warned that if an enterprise seeks vented. •

CPPCC Sidelights Delegates Assail Unhealthy Tendencies by WU NAITAO bonuses, and the practice of giving nomic reforms. Being concerned dinners and gifts with public with and responsible for state af• Our Correspondent funds or outright bribes to curry fairs, the delegates expressed their favour. opinions about the problem, play• T T NHEALTHY tendencies which ing the supervisory role of the U have arisen during the on• Delegates, in speeches and writ• CPPCC. going economic reforms were at• ten proposals, suggested many tacked at the Third Session of the ways to check these unhealthy ten• Sixth National Committee of the dencies and gave support to cor• Legislative Proposals Chinese People's Political Consul• rective measures adopted by the Party Central Committee and the tative Conference (CPPCC) held Yuan Guang and Guo Rugui, State Council. March 25-April 8. Misdeeds which delegates from the People's Libera- have recently appeared include Combating economic misdeeds ation Army, said during a panel illegal price hikes aimed at seeking was not the main topic of the ses• discussion that the unhealthy ten• exorbitant profits, the reselling of sion, but many noted that it does dencies have caused great harm to haj-d-to-get commodities at high have an important bearing on the the economic reforms. They noted prices, the random distribution of smooth development of the eco• that the Party Central Committee

April 15. 1985 21 has repeatedly decreed that mis• ly abided by, it is difficult for us deeds must be corrected and is de• to carry out the economic reforms termined to do so. But some peo• smoothly." ple, because they do not fully Zhai Nuanhui, publisher of the understand the importance of the Hongkong magazine Guangjiaojing matter, have failed to stop the mis• (Panorama), said, "Corruption, the deeds. They have therefore wit• black market and smuggling are tingly or unwittingly encouraged problems faced by countries all the evil practice. The PLA dele• over the world. These are com• gates urged all CPPCC members to mon things. But these problems give full support to the economic were not obvious in China in the reforms and dare to expose and past because of its static national attack problems that might hamper economy. Now these problems the reforms. arise as the economy is being in• Xu lunhu, vice-chairman of the vigorated. To solve them, there Hubei Revolutionary Committee of is no way but to strengthen legisla• the Kuomintang, said, "China will tion. Otherwise, these erroneous Qian Jiaju gives his opinions on tendencies cannot be checked." economic reforms at the second register no leap forward in its plenum of the CPPCC. national economy without carrying Liang Shoupan. vice-chairman out reforms. It is an irrefutable of the Scientific and Technological fact. The problems we are facing Committee under the Ministry of release of bonuses and unwarrant• now are erroneous tendencies and Aeronautics Industry, commented ed wage increases demanded more gross violations of the law." that everybody is concerned with currency. And when too much Xu pointed to the head of the the urban economic reforms. To currency was issued, it caused Changde Cigarette Factory as an enliven China's economy means to price hikes which, in turn, prompt• example of the kinds of problems raise economic efficiency. Liang ed a buying spree. This chain of that must be faced. "Duan Yuan- said it is necessary to enact laws events has hampered the main ef• lai abused his power to embezzle that leave no loopholes for the forts to turn the national economy public money without restraint greedy who seek wealth at the for the better. If this adverse and appropriated the factory's expense of the state's interest. current is allowed to go uncheck• property lo line his own pockets in ed, said Qian, it will damage the violation of the Party's discipline economic reforms. and the state law," said Xu. "This Root Causes Wang Youhui, vice-chairman of big case was exposed in Renmin Economic law professor Chen the standing committee of the He- Ribao (People's Daily), but was Daisun of Beijing University said bei people's congress and an agro• not handled for a long period. that people must have a correct nomist by profession, argued that Later, 1 was told Duan was only understanding about the economic the unhealthy trends did not result placed on probation within the reforms. Some thought the un• from the economic reforms. Rather, Party. The punishment is too light. healthy tendencies appeared be• some cadres are responsible for If the charges are true, he should cause the policies were wrong, said certain misdeeds because, due lo be expelled from the Party and Chen. But, in fact, the problems their poor knowledge, they are not punished according to the law. cropped up not due to policies but clear about the dividing line be• because the system had loopholes •'1 believe the most serious un• tween unhealthy tendencies and that could be exploited, he said. healthy tendency is the practice in economic reforms. Therefore, they Chen encouraged experts among which some leading members at have made mistakes in their CPPCC members to report loop• the lower levels work out their own speeches. For instance, Wang cited holes and help close them. •measures to cope with the policies a deputy secretary of a county drawn up by the Party Central Qian Jiaju, vice-chairman of the Party committee who told all lead• Committee. They refuse to obey China Democratic League, said ing members at the county and orders and continue doing what is that people should not be frighten• township levels, "You must do banned," said Xu. "I suggest de• ed of these unhealthy tendencies, more business to get more profits partments concerned set up work• nor should they treat these and make a fortune." Following ing groups to handle some big misdeeds lightly. He believed the his words, the county Party com• cases and punish guilty people increase in consumption funds and mittee opened a restaurant and the strictly according to the law. If the unchecked issuance of currency county people's congress establish• the law is not acted upon or strict• are closely related. The arbitrary ed ^ trade company.

22 Beijing Review, No. 15 Wang said this problem can be solved. He said the most impor• tant problem is to make clear the dividing line between economic re• forms and economic misdeeds and strengthen confidence in reform. We should neither look at these unhealthy tendencies as being part of the reforms nor refuse to carry out reforms, said Wang.

The belief that reform means only making more profits is an• other root cause of some unhealthy tendencies, said Zhou Huaishi, a senior engineer at the Henan Elec• tric Power Research Institute. Zhou pointed to the Zhengzhou No. 1 Cottoa Mill as an example. Delegates from the Revolutionary Committee of tfte Kuomintang discuss The mil! produces only low-grade the report on the work of the CPPCC Standing Committee. 42-count yarn with the quality col- ton produced in Henan Province, said Zhou, and the product is roneous thinking both inside and state cadres who have violated the hardly competitive. But instead of outside the country that has caused law and discipline have gotten off spending money to improve the the trouble, he said. The key to lightly in the past. In his proposal, mill's technology, the managers eliminating these unhealthy ten• Zhang offered seven proposals for built a 15-storey tourist hotel to dencies is to rectify the Party correcting unhealthy tendencies. make money. The managers, said working style. The Party, said Huang Kehu, in one of his pro• Zhou, misrepresent the purpose of Qin, is strong enough to overcome posals, exposed managers of some reform. If they would devote their them. He noted that the Party enterprises who, disregarding efforts to updating the mill's pro• Central Committee has called upon Party and state regulations, have duction technology so as to all newspapers lo expose such abused their power to seek per• produce 60-count or even 100- misdeeds and to mobilize the sonal gains and engaged in trade count yam, he said, they would in• masses to attack them. The Party businesses on the pretext of run• crease their economic results great• Central Committee has also listed ning labour service companies to ly. Furthermore, their products them as key problems to be solved employ job-waiting youths. In his would then be able to be sold on in the ongoing Party consolidation proposal, Huang presented four the world market. Thai kind of campaign. This is a good thing, management methods. reform, said Zhou, is the real aim said Qin. of reform. Ma Zai made many written pro• posals during the session. In one Qin Yizhi', a standing committee Written Proposals of his proposals he detailed an member of the Revolutionary event he personally experienced. CPPCC delegates also expressed Committee of the Kuomintang, ob• Ma told of a group of officials who their opinions and comments served that the economic reforms took advantage of business trips through written proposals. During are doing away with some old to wantonly spend public money the session delegates presented methods that are not compatible to visit scenic spots and try out 1,194 written proposals, including with China's conditions and replac• all the local foods. Ma presented many about ways to put an end ing them with new ones so as to several suggestions on how to stop to economic abuses. lead the nation's 1 billion people the abuses. In another proposal. down the road of industrialization. Zhang Qiaose, a delegate from Ma criticized government depart• This is a great cause, said Qin, but the China Democratic League, ments which run companies on the this transformation has inevitably pointed out in his written proposal pretext of carrying out economic been accompanied by problems. (entitled "Strengthen Legislation reforms. He suggested that all such These problems and unhealthy ten• and Severely Punish State Cadres non-productive companies, which dencies, however, are not caused by Who Violate the Law and Disci• create no material, intellectual or China's socialist system or the eco• pline") one reason for the malprac• spiritual wealth for society, be in• nomic reforms, said Qin. It is er• tices was that Party members and vestigated and banned. •

April 15. 1985 25 SPECIAL REPORT

Port City Profiles Beihai: Once-Sleepy Port Ready to Take Off China's only open port city in a minority autonomous region is emerging from oblivion to become a prosperous city.

tive projects, you name it. Aware vaders to sign the Agreement of by HAN BAOCHENG of the opportunities, industrial and Chefoo. Soon the city wore a Our Correspondent trade companies from elsewhere in colonial facade, studded with China also vie with one another in foreign consulates, factories, com• LEAN, tranquil and hitherto downtown Beihai to establish panies, hospitals, schools and C free from pollution, Beihai is representative offices. Indeed, the churches. But this newfound pros• a small city overlooking the South once-quiet little city is suddenly perity was short-lived, because China Sea from the shore of the buzzing with activity. Beihai, serving merely as a tool for Beibu Bay on the southern tip of the Western powers plundering the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Ups and Downs China, never got the chance to Region. After many ups and build its own industries or rail• downs in its long history, the city Beihai first became an important ways. With the appearance of rail• began to come into its own a year port city during the Qin Dynasty ways and new port cities in neigh• ago when it was chosen as one of (221-206 BC) 2,000 years ago. By bouring provinces, Beihai gradually China's 14 coastal cities to open the time of the Song Dynasty (960- lost its appeal as a trade centre. to foreign investment and tech• 1279), the city was handling a Its downfall was expedited by in• nology. steady flow of imports and exports. cessant warlord strife, which Infrastructure construction is From Beihai's docks, Chinese silks severed the city's contacts with the and satins, ceramics and pearls rest of the country. now in high gear as the city readies were shipped out in exchange for its ambitious economic takeoff. amber, agate, gold, essence, rhino• Only after liberation did Beihai's Beihai's bright future has attracted ceros horns and ivory from South• economy come to life again. After industrialists and entrepreneurs east Asia, Europe and Africa. three decades of construction, it from Hongkong, Macao and over• has 100 small factories with 20,000 seas, who come one after another Beihai became a "treaty port" in workers, producing such things as in search of ways to set up busi• 1876, when the Qing (1644-1911) glass, ceramics, foodstuffs, textiles, nesses — joint ventures, co-opera• court was forced by the British in- machines, maritime chemicals and handicraft goods. Fifteen percent A Beihai fishing fleet. of the city's industrial goods are for export. Last year Beihai's in• dustrial output value totalled 157 million yuan, 117 tirnes the 1950 figure. But despite these gains, Beihai still trails behind other Chi• nese coastal cities in economic growth. Its rich natural resources, for example, have not been fully tapped due to a lack of funds and technology.

Rich Resources Beihai is nestled amidst lush trees on a rhinoceros horn-shaped peninsula that slopes gently to the Beijing Review, No. 15 sea on three sides. It has fine shipping frontage along the shore of the South China Sea, a year- For Your Reference round spring-like climate and vir• tually inexhaustible natural re• sources. A Brief Introduction to Beihai Much of the city's strength lies Located at 109°06' east longitude ing of 81 percent. Yearly precipi• in the subtropical Beibu Bay, one and 21°29' north latitude on the tation averages 1,636 mm and the of the world's four richest fishing northeastern shore of the Beibu rainy season comes between April grounds. With stable water tem• Bay, Beihai is the southernmost and September. perature and salt content and port city of the Guangxi Zhuang Forests cover 19 percent of Bei- bounteous plankton, the bay is the Autonomous Region. It is sur• hai's land area. Main crops on natural habitat of more than 500 rounded by the South China Sea the 27,145 hectares of farmland types of fish and 43 kinds of on three sides and is linked to include peanuts, sugarcane, litchees prawns, offering a yearly catch of Hepu County to the northeast. Its and jackfruit. 500,000 tons. There are also -275-square-kilometre territory in• numerous kinds of crabs, clams, cludes Weizhou and Xieyang isles, The 1982 national census put kelp, invertebrates and mammals. both located 20 nautical miles off• Beihai's population at 168,442 The bay also abounds in pearls, sea shore to the south. and 67 percent of them live in horses and the endangered dugong, The city enjoys a maritime the city districts. a type of manatee. monsoon climate typical of the Beihai is the native place of The local people began collect• subtropical area, with an average many Chinese now living overseas. ing pearls as early as the Han temperature of 22.6 degrees Cel• Some 10,000 people there are re• Dynasty (206 BC-24 AD). The site sius (it ranges from 2 degrees turned overseas Chinese and com• Celsius to 37 degrees Celsius), and patriots from Hongkong, Taiwan A SKETCH MAP OF BEIHAI an average relative humidity read- and Macao.

of an early Ming Dynasty (1368- hectares of the shallows are ready 1644) pearl processing centre for development, but so far only sheds light on the impressive scale 7.5 percent of that total has been of pearl collecting in ancient employed to raised prawns, pearls, times. sea cucumbers, jellyfish and Beihai's 107-km-Iong coast is oysters. mostly muddy or sandy beaches, Beihai's maritime chemical in• save for the solid stretch on which dustry looks to have a bright the harbour was built. The sur• future. The sea water there con• rounding 712 square kilometres of tains a large amount of inorganic sea that are less than 10 metres salts (the content of bromine alone deep and the 6,000 hectares of stands at 55-60 ppm). The city's shallows offer prime conditions chemical factory is already extract• for aquiculture. Some 2,400 ing bromine from the water, and it is preparing to extract other metals, including potassium and magnesium. Five oil-bearing formations have \ been discovered along the Beibu \ Bay continental shelf 50 nautical I- \ miles from the city, and the China Weizhou Isle Nanhai Oil Corp. is co-operaS- ing with France's TOTAL in \ joint prospecting. Wells sunk in \ one of these formations have \g already gone into trial production, \ Isle paving the way for the official in- '. _ April 15. 1985 25 ayguratioa pf the. bay's first oilfield The city also boasts verified able clothes, electronic gadgets and in May 1985. The bright prospect reserves of 20 million tons of imported motorcycles can be seen for oil development has already quartzite. Containing 98.44 per• everywhere. Street hawkers offer prompted Beihai's city authorities cent silicate bioxite, it is ideal for the newest garments from Guang• to make plans for a large oil re• manufacturing high-grade glass zhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai and finery in the suburbs. products. Hongkong. The Beibu Bay continental shelf When the natural resources are The carefully designed quiet new is also rich in ilmenite ore, which fully utilized, Beihai will have an city district contrasts sharply with is found amidst deposits of mona- impressive industrial setup, with the boisterous old quarter. Wide zite, zircon and rutile. the marine chemical, petro• tree-lined boulevards and bright- chemical, building material and coloured buildings blend with sub• Beihai's potential economic foodstuff industries serving as the tropical plants and trees, giving the strength also lies in its abundant mainstays. supply of quality clay, which is area the feel of a garden. found in a layer 25-30 metres thick A Land of Charm Beihai is, indeed, a garden. A jusi 6 metres below the surface. maritime monsoon climate typical With a 36 percent aluminium con• Beihai today is a city of two of the subtropical area makes the tent, the clay is perfect for the parts. The differences reflect the city a pleasant place to live and a production of porcelain ware, heat- city's past and present. strong draw for tourists. resistant ceramic materials and The old city district is a maze of sculpted pottery. Today, the Bei• zigzagging streets and alleys flank• Beihai has an excellent ocean• hai Porcelain Factory produces 100 ed by a motley collection of stores. ography museum and aquarium. It kinds of porcelain ware and sculp• Mixed between shops selling ma• displays 650 fishes from the Beibu tures, which sell briskly in foreign rine products, medicines, fruit, Bay. Visitors riiay feast their eyes countries. The factory could fare vegetables, meat and what not are on such rarities as manatees, a 15- even better with more modern numerous restaurants and small ton whale skeleton and prawns equipment, and is now seeking co• eateries serving the local seafood- weighing nearly 10 kg. operation from overseas companies dominated cuisine. The downtown In the near future tourist attrac• so as to fuUy utilize the local clay shopping area sports an unmistak• tions will appear along Beihai's resources. able touch of modernity: Fashion• long beaches. Within months after the city was designated as an open city, negotiations were held be• tween the city government and Hongkong and overseas business representatives on the construction of hotels, restaurants and recrea• tional facilities. City officials plan to build a tourist centre in the southwestern district, which will be complete with a beach resort and tourist quarters.

Investment Climate Backward transportation and telecommunications facilities have long been the bottleneck holding back Beihai's economic growth. Naturally, the city government is out to remedy these problems first. Harbours. Beihai Harbour is a small affair. The inner harbour accommodates only those ships below the 1,000-ton class and its outer reaches can handle only a limited number of 10,000-tenners. To increase its shipping capacity. the city plans to build a new har• city has large tracts of flat, originates, all machines, equipment bour 200 metres off the old har• solid ground. The water supply is and materials imported for Bei• bour on a trough-like depression 6 guaranteed, thanks to the rich sub• hai's infrastructure construction nautical miles long, 800 metres terranean water resources, which will be exempt from import wide and 6-10.5 metres deep. The offer 6 million litres a day, and customs duties, product tax and first phase of construction calls for the Nanliu River 32 km away. the tax.on increment before 1990. two 10,000-ton-class deepwater The energy supply, too, is A 50 percent tax reduction in these berths, one of which will be com• ensured. The city will soon be taxes has also been introduced on pleted and commissioned by the getting electricity from 10 hydro• a trial basis for imported consumer end of this year. The second phase electric power stations being built goods and other market goods entails 15 more deepwater berths along the Honghe River, which within government-approved an• for oil and container cargo vessels. flows through the autonomous nual quotas, except commodity When they are completed, Beihai's region. Neighbouring Guizhou imports limited by state law. annual cargo handling capacity Province, which ranks third in coal will exceed 10 million tons. deposits in China, is Beihai's chief Favourable conditions will also coal supplier. be provided for those who co• Beihai's shipping capacity was operate in technically revamping recently expanded when Fangcheng To attract the foreign investment and expanding the city's 100-odd Port, one of the state's key con• needed for modernization, Beihai existing enterprises. All the equip• struction projects 45 nautical miles has, with State Council approval, ment and materials needed in to the west, was put under the adopted preferential policies for modernizing schemes and in in• city's jurisdiction. As the two overseas investors and business frastructure development are ex• ports develop together, Beihai will partners. A reduced income tax empted from customs duties, prod• certainly shake off its backward• rate of only 15 percent, for exam• ness in marine shipping. ple, will be granted to all Chinese- uct taxes and taxes on increment. foreign joint ventures, co-operative Airport. A medium-sized airport enterprises and wholly owned These flexible policies helped is under construction in Beihai. foreign enterprises in Beihai. This Beihai conclude 11 agreements, When completed late this year, the preferential treatment will be two contracts and 11 letters of in• airport will be able to accommo• granted to such enterprises signing tent with foreign enterprises, total• date Boeing 737s and establish contracts between 1984 and 1987. ling HK$236 million in investment, routes to Guangzhou, Manning, The city government also grants at a Hongkong conference on in• Guilin and Beijing. these enterprises reductions or ex• vestment in open coastal cities last emptions on the local income sur• November. Some of the letters of Highways. The city is resurfacing tax. Overseas investors are ex• intent have now been converted and widening the highways which empted from taxes when remitting into contracts or agreements. The lead to nearby cities. profits back home after paying the upswing in investment *may well enterprise income tax. Railways. For the first time in its mark the beginning of a new history, Beihai will soon have a No matter where the investment period of glory for Beihai. • rail link. A line from Nanning, the capital of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, to Fangcheng Baihutou Beach — a naturol swimming area. Port will be completed by 1986. An 86-km branch railway will tie Beihai to the Fangcheng terminal.

Telecommunications. Long• distance calls between Beihai and Hongkong and overseas are now channelled through Nan• ning. But by the end of 1985, when its microwave telecommuni• cations and cable telephone facili• ties are built, Beihai will have its own direct lines.

Beihai has ideal conditions for an economic takeoff. Apart from its rich natural resources, the

April IS. 1985 • FROM THE CHINESE PRESS

A Survey: What Youths Do After Work? basketball, 62 volleyball, 41 soccer, and 43 table tennis. from "ZHONGGUO Movies and television: 78 per• Sixty said they like going on out• QINGNIAN BAO" cent of those surveyed said they ings during holidays, and 40 said (China Youth News) like watching foreign movies and that they enjoy travelling. TV plays, and only 22 said they prefer Chinese productions. Re• 3. A keen desire for knowl• Survey topic: What do China's garding TV shows, 91 said they edge. Eighty-five of the 100 peo• youths do after work? enjoy watching the evening news; ple surveyed said they believe they Place: Beijing. 56 like sports; 68 enjoy Central would soon tire of single-mindedly seeking pleasure. Eighty-eight said Number of people sampled: Television's "Round the World" they like reading books related to 100, 72 of them age 18-30. programme: and 60 favour variety shows. their jobs, 35 like books in foreign Gender: 50 males and 50 languages and 62 prefer novels. Music, now a popular pastime: females. Only 12 said they enjoy stories 33 of the people surveyed like Marriage status: 69 single about ancient chivalrous heroes. music with strong rhythms; 80 like and 51 married. light, clear-cut music; and 63 These figures, though cross, Findings: favour melodious music. shed light on an interesting fact: 1. Active social life. Eighty- Sports: 25 of the 100 people At least 90 percent of the young seven of those surveyed said they surveyed play bridge, 18 play people care about their jobs and like to spend their free time visit• wei qi (go) and 53 play Chinese are trying their best to improve ing relatives and friends, and see chess. Thirty-five like to play themselves. this as a good way to get informa• tion and recover from the fatigue of work. New Life of a Criminal Dancing has also become an integral part of life, as 31 of those Today Lian would rather take from "RENMIN RIBAO" surveyed said that they go to less profit himself than exploit the (People's Daily) dance parties on a regular basis. townspeople. He buys livestock Among them, 14 were females and at a higher price and sells the meat IAN Minzhang, a 40-year-old 17 males. More than 50 of the cheaper than other butchers. man from Baotun Township 100 surveyed said they like to go L Knowing that he is fair and honest of Fugou County in Henan Prov• out dancing but don't do so be• in business, all the peasants near• ince, was once a criminal. Or• cause they do not know how to by come to buy meat from him. phaned when he was 10 years old, dance. Only a few said they do As a result, his business has grown Lian was encouraged by scound• not care at all for dance parties. rapidly. In 1982 he earned an in• rels to take up thievery at an early come of more than 4,000 yuan, age. He was twice put in jail and What are the favourite discus• and last year it surpassed 10,000 spent a total of 10 years behind sion topics? Eighty-seven said yuan. they like to talk about economic bars. reform; 9i, wage increases; 62, Several years' diligent work has When released. Lian received love and marriage; and 59, work transformed Lian into a sensible concern from the local officials. anti careers. The survey showed man. His heart aches whenever With their help, he got married, a general increase in concern he thinks of his svrong past. He adopted a 15-year-old son and a about careers and reform. wrote to the families he had 3-year-old daughter, and establish• victimized, apologizing for his ac• ed a family. And, in the light of 2. Enhanced interest in recrea- tions. He has also sent them his skill as a butcher, the officials tion. Many said they like to enjoy money in return for the things he also helped him set up a butcher themselves after work by listening had stolen. to music, watching movies and shop. Thereafter, Lian embarked television, sightseeing or travelling on the bright road to prosperity "Now 1 have become rich, but during holidays. through labour. I should not forget those who still

Beijing Review, No. 15 have difficulties," he said. On the eve of Spring Festival, he gave each of the 174 childless elderly residents in his village 1 kg of pork. He also made a quilt for each of the 20 disabled people and orphans in the village. Over the past two years, Lian has been cited as a model peasani on five occasions in the prefecture and the county, and was rewarded four bicycles. He said, "1 will atone for my crimes with my own action, and 1 will never stop doing good things for people as long as [ live." ,

Teacher: What's the chief element in the air? Bionic Ears Students: The bad smell from the factories. Cartoon by Cheng Jinguo Restore Hearing from "RENMIN RIBAO" (People's Doily) films address subjects that are of IU Brian, a i 7-year-old girl Reflections on the interest to moviegoers. As a re• Q from f'ujian Province, recent• sult, they become box-office hits. ly had her 10 years of silence Movie Decline ended when doctors implanted a in recent years, comic, acrobatic pair of electronic "bionic ears." from "BEIJING WANBAO'' and thrilling detective films that (Beijing Evening News) are wholesome in content yet Invented by an ear-nose-throat entertaining have been especially hospital affiliated to the Shanghai ODAY the time has passed welcomed by the masses. Although No. I Medical College, in co• T when entertainment meant some of them are not ideological• operation with the Shanghai always going to the movies. ly perfect and hardly artistic Optical Instrument Institute of the According to the China Film masterpieces, they often draw Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Import and Export Corp., Chi• audiences that fill 70 to 80 per• new high-tech hearing aid looks na produced 143 feature films cent of the available seats, and like an earphone from a small in 1984, providing two or three some even draw above 95 percent transistor radio. new movies each week. But the au• capacity. This shows that today's Before her operation, Qiu's dience has been declining in num• audience wants to be entertained light ear could only hear about 5 ber constantly. Compared with, — people want to laugh. percent of the normal sounds and 1983, the film audience fell by 1.3 It is true that the box-office her left ear had lost hearing com• billion viewers. success of a film cannot fully re• pletely. During the operation, Reasons for this nose-diving are flect its quality. There are "ndeed, doctors cut an opening in the back many. Among them are the grow• some films that are good in con• of Qiu's ears and implanted a ing popularity of TV sets, the tent but do not draw an audience small electronic device with two spread of other kinds of cultural and some that attract an audience platinic electrodes in each ear. and sports activities, growing so• but are not really good. But in Sounds from outside are picked phistication of the audience and most cases, the box-office success up by the "receiver" and trans• changes in aesthetics. of a film does reflect its quality. ferred by the electrodes to the aural nerves, allowing the patient China's audiences like films Many film artists have realized to hear. which reflect, realistically and that the creation and artistic ac• vividly, the social problems that complishments of films must be With her electronic ears, Qiu concern the masses and courageous• based on the demands of social can converse with others from a ly expose life's complicated prob• progress and conform with the distance of 1 m.etre. lems. Reflecting life today, these tastes of the vast audience.

April 15. 1985 29 BUSINESS AND TRADE

China Steps Up Timber Industry Co-operation

China's forestry industry used And the Fuzhou Timber Factory Technical Transformation of US$35 million last year to import has imported a heavy-density Existing Enterprises. Last year equipment and modernize its particle board production line the state moved to technically timber enterprises. The scope of with an annual output of 50,000 transform 17 forestry enterprises China's co-operation with foreign cubic metres from the United with an investment of USS14 mil• companies will be even broader States. lion. But 11 of the 17 enterprises this year, completed their transformation Two other projects are also projects using only US$5 million. China's forests cover 115 miU under trial-production. A timber It is estimated that the number of lion hectares and its total timber mill in Jilin Province imported a projects and the amount of foreign resources are estimated at 9 bil• particle board production line exchange investment will double lion cubic metres. Still, the forest with an annual output of 50,000 this year. Most of the equipment acreage and per-capita timber cubic metres from the Federal Re• imported from abroad will involve supply in China are lower than public of Germany and another single machines. Such small proj• the world average, in order to timber enterprise in Shanghai has ects will yield quick economic re• invigorate China's forestry in• imported a heavy-density particle turns. Plywood factories in dustry, the state has in recent board production line from Harbin and Changchun in north• years worked to update its timber Sweden. The Changsha Artificial east China, Chengdu in Sichuan enterprises and to seek co-opera• Board Factory in Hunan Province Province, Xian in Shaanxi Prov• tion with foreign countries. is the biggest factory which uses ince and Wuhu in Anhui Prov• The Import of Equipment to the largest portion of foreign ex• ince have imported equipment Increase Timber Processing Capa^ change in the country. Last year from [apan. Plants in Sichuan, city. Two such co-operative proj• it used US$20 million to import Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and ects have already gone into opera• equipment from abroad. When Yunnan have also imported equip• tion. The Beijing Timber Factory completely updated, the annual ment from Austria, the United has imported a particle board pro• capacity of the factory will be States, Denmark and Italy. duction line with an annual out• 100,000 square metres of wood- Bright Prospect? for Joint Ven• put of 30,000 cubic metres from based paneling and 1.8 million tures. The Huaxi Timber Indus* the Federal Republic of Germany, square metres of laminated board. trial and Commercial Co. Ltd. is the only timber-related joint ven• ture in existence today with Chi• nese and foreign investment. It has capital totalling US$2 million, with the Chinese side owning 95 per• cent and the Brazilian side owning 5 percent. Cheng Jianling, deputy manager of the China Corporation for International Co-operation in the Forestry Industry, told Bei• jing Review that the establishment of the joint venture gives China a stable timber supply and, at the same time, provides needed foreign exchange and jobs for Brazil. Since beginning operation last August, the joint venture has pro• gressed smoothly, and the first batch of timber shipped from Brazil is due shortly,

Beijing Review. No. 15 Cheng said timber industry co• Zhou also noted that the Chiaa operation with foreign countries National Textiles Import and Ex• is growing rapidly. His corpora• port Corp. and the China Re• tion has sent experts to investigate sources Textiles Co. Ltd. in Hong• timber prospects in Papua New kong are working out detailed Guinea, the Solomon Islands, the rules and regulations concerning Congo, Chile, Canada and the the export license system, which United States. In some instances, will be implemented after the he said, concrete terms for co• approval of the Ministry of Foreign operation are under discussion. Economic Relations and Trade.

More Avenues to Open for the Import of Foreign Capital. Cheng also noted that the government has attached great importance to China, Algeria comprehensively utilizing China's forestry resources. China's output Strengthen Ties of resin, tung oil, raw lacquer and camphor has ranked first in the world for many years. Because A newly established committee of limited funds and technology, for economic, trade, scientific and however, these products have not technological co-operation between been fully processed in the past. China and Algeria held its first Therefore, China hopes to co• meeting in Algiers March 17-20. operate with foreign investors in Zhou Yunzhong at trade talks. In their talks, State Councillor such processing industries. Talks Zhang Jingfu, head of the Chinese are already in progress with US dramatically. The increase result• government economic delegation, and Japanese timber concerns ed in a flood of cotton yarn, cot• and Algerian Minister of Com• about the comprehensive utiliza• ton grey cloth, cotton-polyester merce Abdelaziz Khellef reviewed tion of such plants as the sea yarn (TC yarn) and cotton-polyest• the development of Sino-Algerian buckthorn. Under the terms being er grey cloth (TC cloth) descend• economic, trade and technological discussed, the US and Japanese ing on the Hongkong market. The co-operation in recent years and companies would provide funds flooding of the market caused con• discussed forms and content of co• and processing equipment, and a fusion and prompted a drop in operation in the above-mentioned major portion of the products prices. Hongkong merchants who would be exported to other fields for the future. They also sell the key Chinese-made textiles countries. offered suggestions and exchanged saw their profits reduced and views on some proposed co-opera• were, of course, unhappy with the tive projects. Both sides said they situation. In view of this situa• would strengthen and diversify tion and with the approval of the Textile Exports their co-operation so as to meet State Council, the Ministry of For• the urgent needs of their respec• eign Economic Relations and Now Licensed tive economic development. Trade decided to implement an Two months after China imple• export license system for the above During his stay in Algeria, mented an export license system, four textiles exported to Hong• Zhang was received by President the chaotic transport of textiles kong, Macao and Japan. The de• Bendjedid Chadli and Prime Min• cision was warmly received by from the interior to Hongkong has ister Brahim Brahimia. Chadli Hongkong traders. taken a turn for the better. This told the Chinese visitor that there is what Zhou Yunzhong, deputy is'great potential for co-operation During trade talks on Chinese- general manager of the China Na• made yarn and cloth held in Hong• between Algeria and China. He tional Textiles Import and Export kong last month, the total volume also endorsed the idea of develop• Corp., told a Beijing Review cor• of transactions reached US$60 ing friendly and co-operative ties respondent. million. Considering recent cir• to a new plane. Zhang pointed Zhou said that after local cumstances, which left the market out that economic co-operation be• authorities were given the power sluggish and left traders with ex• tween China and Algeria would to export their products, the vol• cess stock, the figures were im• serve to promote South-South co• ume of textile exports went up pressive. operation.

April 15. 1985. 31 UlTURE AND SCIENCE

New War Movie Focuses on Emotions

Wreaths at the Foot of the company commander, who comes But Wreaths at the Foot of the Mountain, a film about war and its from a peasant family. A wise Mountain is a new breed of movie. human costs, drew an audience of and caring character, he has a big The people are real and have real 5 million in the first 18 days heart and willingly dies on the emotions. For example, as strong of its Shanghai showing. The box- battlefield while protecting his and true as he is, the company office success — pulling in about comrades. He is so poor that the commander longs for his wife and 80 percent of the population in only thing he leaves his wife and unborn child during the anxious the city proper — was unpre• mother is a letter asking them to hours before the battle begins. A cedented in the history of New pay his debts to the army. Soon seasoned army commander, draw• China's film industry. after learning of his death, the ing on his strength, shows, no feel• wife and mother make their way ing when he hears of the death of The movie tells the story of a to the company's camp to pay his his only son. But when he stands People's Liberation Army (PLA) debts with the government-issued before his son's grave, he cannot company during the 1979 border pension. hold back his tears. A 17 year- war with Viet Nam. But it is more old new recruit carefully carves than a war movie. It talks about The contrast between these two a cane for his old grandmother, the relations between soldiers of men tells a lot about human weak• knowing that he himself will different family backgrounds and ness and the human side of war. never walk again after losing his from different walks of life. It The viewer sees how China sur• legs in battle. Many oi the char• describes the effects of brutal war vives and learns from its suffering acters are heroes, true, but they on man aad the love between man and builds for the future. are also ordinary people with the and woman and among family In the past, movie heroes were emotions and frailties of the real members that keeps people going world. during their darkest hour. The always two-dimensional characters movie is bold and pulls no punches without any shortcomings. A in describing the darker side of hero's marriage and family were The movie concentrates on the society. It exposes bureaucracy usually not mentioned, and death and suffering of the main and privilege in the army and at• audiences realized that such characters instead of showing tacks them. The conflict between movies were not very realistic. long battle scenes. This emphasis heroism and egotism is a major theme.

One of the primary characters in the film is the company's po• litical instructor. The pampered son of a medical department lead• er in the military region, he had joined the army earlier during the "cultural revolution" rather than going to the countryside to work with peasants. When the war breaks out, his mother, usilig her position, makes every attempt to have him transferred away from the battlefront. Though the political instructor has many human weaknesses, he slowly makes a transformation and gains the audience's sympathy.

Another major character is the

52 Heijing Review. No. 73 was unthinkable in the past. The Jin, a successful director in his so that this kind of acid was puri• commander dies while protecting sixties. Xie is skilled at portray• fied. Thus they established China's his comrades from enemy fire. ing inner feelings in films that own system of asexual reproduction Another officer is killed by a mine reflect life today in China. of interferon. Then, they mass-pro• when he goes out to get sugarcane duced interferon with colibacillus for the thirsty soldiers. The army after making a series of experi• commander's son is killed when ments. With the pure interferon he runs into the open to fire a mor• they have produced, Hou and his tar rocket — the rocket, manufac• Scientists Produce colleagues have now begun trial- tured poorly during the "cultural producing it on a larger scale and revolution," doesn't work and he Virus Fighter applying it to clinical studies. is shot down. The heroic actions so impress the political instructor Chinese medical scientists have that he abandons his thought of derived an interferon from the desertion. white blood cells in a baby's um• Centre to Protect The movie employs dramatic bilical cord blood that can cure film techniques to tell its tragic viral diseases. They also have Endangered Tiger story. For example, after the found a method to mass-produce death of the company commander, the interferon with colibacillus. the news reaches his home village. China has set up a research Hou Yunde, a senior virology The film is shot from behind his centre aimed at protecting the researcher in Beijing, headed the wife as she returns home from col• South China tiger, a species now research effort. According to Hou, lecting firewood. The camera on the verge of extinction. viral diseases — such as hepatitis follows her and is right behind B. epidemic hemorrhagic fever, The South China tiger, which her shoulder as she pushes the viral pneumonia, influenza and ma• lives in the areas south of the door open. The moviegoer, like lignant tumours — have a high in• Changjiang River, is a bit smaller the young wife, sees three people cidence and have caused great than the Northeast China tiger. sitting in the room — the secretary economic loss to China. There has Overhunting and the destruction of local Party committee, an been little progress in healing viral of forests have reduced to 40-80 army officer and her mother-in- diseases in the past. The discovery the number of South China tigers, law. At last the camera turns to of virus-fighting interferon in 1957 which are found only in tropical focus on her face. From her eyes, and the clinical research results and subtropical forests. the audience knows that she has achieved over the last decade have realized the truth. She doesn't cry The centre, already approved by provided a feasible way to cure nor fall down screaming. Instead, the Ministry of Urban and Rural viral disease. the camera backs away, leaving Construction and Environmental her in a trance. This scene leaves Natural interferon, which battles Protection, will be administered by many viewers in tears. viruses and tumours, is a protein the Chongqing Zoo in Sichuan produced by human cells. Medical Province. Scientists at the zoo be• The movie has been touted as studies in China and abroad prov• gan experimenting in 1978 with an effort by China's filmmakers ed that interferon could cure viral breeding the tiger in captivity. to eliminate "leftist" influences in diseases including certain tumours. Tigers have given birth to seven the movie industry. It was However, this artificially produced litters of 14 cubs, of which 13 have considered a breakthrough by interferon was not pure enough to survived. many film artists, movie critics be effective and therefore could and viewers. The movie was Chinese scientists have called not be produced in large quantities adapted from the novel of the for increased international co• or put to wide medical use in such same narne written by Li Cunbao, operation in wildlife protection, a big country as China. a young PLA writer. When his noting that such co-operation has book was first published, it caused Professor Hou, who worked with in the past decade helped boost a sensation. The book was also Associate Professor Liu Xinyuan the number of Bengal tigers to adapted into a TV film and doz• for five years, has successfully about 4,000. ens of dramas. Despite the fact derived a high output of interferon The Bengal tiger is found in many have seen these productions, from umbilical cord blood. moviegoers are still interested in India, Nepal, Burma and other They worked out new methods the film. parts of Southeast Asia. It, too, on to test the activity of the interferon the verge of extinction before in• The movie was directed by Xie messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA), ternational rescue efforts began.

April 15. 1985 33 SVORTS Worker's Daughter Rewrites Fencing History China's five-star red flag rose Nanjing Part-Time Sports Training was a serious Chinese challenger. slowly towards the rafters as the School to learn the ropes in track National Anthem filled the Long and field events and badminton. Since her debut, Luan has cap• Beach Convention Centre on the Her indomitable spirit was rec• tured the national title eight times, evening of August 3, 1984. Luan ognized by Wen Guogang, a and she has won good results in Jujie, having outmanoeuvred the coach of the fencing team. With many international competitions. last of her challengers in the Olym• his encouragement, Luan took up She took the silver medal at the pic Games individual foil competi• the foil and embarked upon a 36th World Championships in tion, stood proudly on the victor's fencing career. 1981 and the bronze medal at the podium wearing her gold medal 38th in 1983. She also won the and letting the marvelous scene Luan, too, devoted her days to gold medal in the foil event at an soak in. hard training. Every day she prac• international competition in Feb• tised her fencing movements for ruary 1983. At the World Uni• Fencing first surfaced in a Chi• hours and ran more than 10,000 nese sports meet in 1953, but metres. At times she was physically versity Games in 1983, she lead only as a performance. In time, exhausted, but she continued prac• the Chinese team to victory in however, it attracted participants tising each movement. the foil events. And, to top it all, it from all around the country. On she fenced brilliantly in the 1984 t May 16, 1974 the Federation In• Nothing is impossible for those International Women's Foil World M ternationale d'Escrime, the in• who set their minds on accomplish• Cup Tournament held in the ternational fencing organization, ing a goal. At the 29th World Federal Republic of Germany to admitted China. Youth Fencing Championships win China's first gold medal in the held in March 1978 in Spain, Luan foil event. Luan, 27, came from a worker's placed second in the foil event. family in the city of Nanjing, Jiang- With the win, she became known Her successes came one after su Province. Though her family as "the premier fencer in the East." another, but Luan and her coach had trouble making ends meet Her success rewrote fencing his• did not rest on their laurels. As A. during her childho9d, she kept a tory: European and American a fencer with a powerful .offence, bright and cheerful disposition and fencers had dominated the first her defensive techniques were i enjoyed a harmonious family life. six places in the championships for weak. As she lunged forward at n In 1973 Luan, then 16, entered the more than 70 years, but now there her opponent, she opened her body -f- to easy attack if she missed her S- E) Luan Jujie interviewed by journalists: Bright and cheerful. target. After studying countless fencing techniques. Wen mapped out a programme for using Chi• nese-style attack movements, incor• porated with the techniques used ft by the world's best fencers. The changes did away with Luan's T weakness. The movements were beautiful, clear-cut, natural and unrestrained. it When she reached the 1984 Olympic Games, Luan was not t. cowed in the least facing 15 of the m world's top fencers. After winning -fi the gold medal in the finals of the it women's individual foil competi• tion, she credited much of her success to Wen's coaching.

34 Beijing Review, No. 15 ART PAQE

i'It

Flower. Chickens.

Traditional Chinese Painting by Deng Xiliang Born in 1 928 in Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province, Deng Xiliang is an art teacher at the Beijing No. 28 Middle School. Skilled at painting flowers and birds, his works are vivid and bold. Vulture.

Pine Trees and Cranes. PLASTIC GOODS

CHINA NATIONAL LIGHT INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS IMPORT & EXPORT CORP. Zhejiang Branch

Address: 45 Shuguang Road, Hangzhou Cable: "INDUSTRY" HANGZHOU Telex: 35018 INTLX CN