Vii Report on the Situation of the Catalan Language (2013)
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Chapter 5 Variation in Romance Diego Pescarini and Michele Loporcaro
Variation in Romance Diego Pescarini, Michele Loporcaro To cite this version: Diego Pescarini, Michele Loporcaro. Variation in Romance. Cambridge Handbook of Romance Lin- guistics, In press. hal-02420353 HAL Id: hal-02420353 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02420353 Submitted on 19 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Chapter 5 Variation in Romance Diego Pescarini and Michele Loporcaro 5.1 Introduction This chapter sets out to show how the study of linguistic variation across closely related languages can fuel research questions and provide a fertile testbed for linguistic theory. We will present two case studies in structural variation – subject clitics and (perfective) auxiliation – and show how a comparative view of these phenomena is best suited to providing a satisfactory account for them, and how such a comparative account bears on a number of theoretical issues ranging from (rather trivially) the modeling of variation to the definition of wordhood, the inventory of parts of speech, and the division of labour between syntax and morphology. 5.2 Systematic variation: the case of subject clitics French, northern Italian Dialects, Ladin, and Romansh are characterized by the presence, with variable degrees of obligatoriness, of clitic elements stemming from Latin nominative personal pronouns. -
1356Th Meeting, 9 October 2019 10 Legal Questions
MINISTERS’ DEPUTIES CM Documents CM(2019)125 29 August 20191 1356th meeting, 9 October 2019 10 Legal questions 10.4 European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages a. Fifth report of the Committee of Experts in respect of Spain Item to be considered by the GR-J at its meeting on 19 September 2019 In accordance with Article 16 paragraph 3 of the Charter, the Committee of Experts of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages submits its fifth report on the application of the Charter in Spain to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. The report contains proposals for recommendations to be addressed by the Committee of Ministers to Spain. The Spanish Government has been given the opportunity to comment on the content, in accordance with Article 16 paragraph 3 of the Charter. 1 This document has been classified restricted at the date of issue. In accordance with the Deputies’ decision (CM/Del/Dec(2001)765/10.4), it will be declassified after examination by the Committee of Ministers. Website: www.coe.int/cm CM(2019)125 2 The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages provides for a control mechanism to evaluate how the Charter is applied in a State Party with a view to, where necessary, making recommendations for improving its legislation, policy and practices. The central element of this procedure is the Committee of Experts, set up under Article 17 of the Charter. Its principal purpose is to report to the Committee of Ministers on its evaluation of compliance by a Party with its undertakings, to examine the real situation of regional or minority languages in the State and, where appropriate, to encourage the Party to gradually reach a higher level of commitment. -
Managing France's Regional Languages
MANAGING FRANCE’S REGIONAL LANGUAGES: LANGUAGE POLICY IN BILINGUAL PRIMARY EDUCATION IN ALSACE Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy by Michelle Anne Harrison September 2012 Abstract The introduction of regional language bilingual education in France dates back to the late 1960s in the private education system and to the 1980s in the public system. Before this time the extensive use of regional languages was forbidden in French schools, which served as ‘local centres for the gallicisation of France’ (Blackwood 2008, 28). France began to pursue a French-only language policy from the time of the 1789 Revolution, with Jacobin ideology proposing that to be French, one must speak French. Thus began the shaping of France into a nation-state. As the result of the official language policy that imposed French in all public domains, as well as extra-linguistic factors such as the Industrial Revolution and the two World Wars, a significant language shift occurred in France during the twentieth century, as an increasing number of parents chose not to pass on their regional language to the next generation. In light of the decline in intergenerational transmission of the regional languages, Judge (2007, 233) concludes that ‘in the short term, everything depends on education in the [regional languages]’. This thesis analyses the development of language policy in bilingual education programmes in Alsace; Spolsky’s tripartite language policy model (2004), which focuses on language management, language practices and language beliefs, will be employed. In spite of the efforts of the State to impose the French language, in Alsace the traditionally non-standard spoken regional language variety, Alsatian, continued to be used widely until the mid-twentieth century. -
The Catalan Struggle for Independence
THE CATALAN STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE An analysis of the popular support for Catalonia’s secession from Spain Master Thesis Political Science Specialization: International Relations Date: 24.06.2019 Name: Miquel Caruezo (s1006330) Email: [email protected] Supervisor: Dr. Angela Wigger Image Source: Photo by NOTAVANDAL on Unsplash (Free for commercial or non-commercial use) Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Chapter 1: Theoretical Framework ......................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Resource Mobilization Theory ...................................................................................................... 7 1.1.1 Causal Mechanisms ................................................................................................................ 9 1.1.2 Hypotheses........................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Norm Life Cycle Theory ............................................................................................................... 11 1.2.1 Causal Mechanisms ............................................................................................................. -
Bilingual Education in the Autonomous Regions of Spain
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307606744 Bilingual Education in the Autonomous Regions of Spain Chapter · January 2017 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-02258-1_28 CITATIONS READS 7 1,687 3 authors: F. Xavier Vila David Lasagabaster University of Barcelona Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea 48 PUBLICATIONS 161 CITATIONS 119 PUBLICATIONS 3,639 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Fernando Ramallo University of Vigo 96 PUBLICATIONS 556 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Impacte del model escolar català en la integració sociocultural i lingüística de l'alumant d'origen immigrant View project Revista de Llengua i Dret, Journal of Language and Law View project All content following this page was uploaded by David Lasagabaster on 03 July 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Bilingual Education in the Autonomous Regions of Spain F. Xavier Vila, David Lasagabaster, and Fernando Ramallo Contents Catalan-Speaking Territories .................................................................... 506 Historical Background ....................................................................... 506 The “New Immigrations” Decade (2000–2010) ............................................ 508 The Evolution in the 2010s: The Perfect Storm? ........................................... 509 Basque-Speaking Territories ................................................................... -
Ve Ruined the Moment!
Issue no. 72 1st of February 2013 Bienvenido a todos. After a remarkably dry December, 42% less rainfall than normal, January also turned out to be an excellent month with temperatures often in the low 20’s. However, from January 19, we have been experiencing some very strong northerly winds. These have caused extensive damage throughout Spain; two men being killed in Cartagena when a wall was blown down onto them and a woman in Badajoz died after her house-gate fell on her. Palm trees, shed-roofs, signs, and indeed anything not strong or firmly secured collapsed in the wind. Even the large Alcampo sign at Zenia Boulevard is now being supported by a large ‘cherry-picker.’ If you had a canvas gazebo in your garden, it is now probably somewhere in North Africa…….or the Med’! Looking back at last year, the economy was also just as stormy and problematic. Unfortunately, 2013 has not started any better. There are now six million unemployed in Spain, more than 26% of the population. Inflation is around 3% and may increase due to a swathe of price increases announced in early January. The electricity continues its upward climb with an increase of 3%; road-tolls are up 3.3%; Renfe train-tickets are also up 3%; your Telefonica standing-charge is now increased by 2.9%, but this is the first increase in five years, and cigarettes are up by around 20 cents per packet. But the one increase which leaves me flummoxed, is the increase in the IVA rate on new builds from 4 to 10%! The tax relief on housing was also removed in January. -
Catalan in the Classroom: a Language Under Fire Sara Fowler
Catalan in the Classroom: A Language Under Fire Sara Fowler Hawaii Pacific University Abstract This paper describes the role of Spain’s largest minority language, Catalan, in Spanish society, specifically in the classroom. Throughout its history, Catalan has gone through many cycles of oppression and revival. Currently, despite several decades of positive progress in its official role and a growing number of young speakers, Catalan is facing new challenges once again. Some members of the Spanish government believe that the language of instruction in Catalonia should be Castilian, a development which the citizens of Catalonia feel is an attack on their linguistic rights and identity. Catalan is a well-documented example of the tensions which can arise in a country with a minority language or languages. The Catalan case can also serve as a reminder to English teachers that the politics of language are often more complicated than they seem; teachers must be aware of and sensitive to the cultural and political backgrounds of their students. Introduction It is a fact that linguistic boundaries and political borders are not a perfect match; nevertheless, most people associate one language with one country. For example, the name Spain, for many people, brings to mind one language: Spanish. However, Spanish, or “Castilian” as it is more specifically called, is not the only language in Spain. There are 15 languages spoken in Spain—one official language and three other “co-official” languages, the largest of which is Catalan, spoken as a “mother tongue” by approximately nine percent of the population, compared to five percent speakers of Galician and a mere one percent who speak Euskera (Basque) as a mother tongue (Ethnologue, 2014; European Commission, 2006, p. -
Map by Steve Huffman; Data from World Language Mapping System
Svalbard Greenland Jan Mayen Norwegian Norwegian Icelandic Iceland Finland Norway Swedish Sweden Swedish Faroese FaroeseFaroese Faroese Faroese Norwegian Russia Swedish Swedish Swedish Estonia Scottish Gaelic Russian Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic Latvia Latvian Scots Denmark Scottish Gaelic Danish Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic Danish Danish Lithuania Lithuanian Standard German Swedish Irish Gaelic Northern Frisian English Danish Isle of Man Northern FrisianNorthern Frisian Irish Gaelic English United Kingdom Kashubian Irish Gaelic English Belarusan Irish Gaelic Belarus Welsh English Western FrisianGronings Ireland DrentsEastern Frisian Dutch Sallands Irish Gaelic VeluwsTwents Poland Polish Irish Gaelic Welsh Achterhoeks Irish Gaelic Zeeuws Dutch Upper Sorbian Russian Zeeuws Netherlands Vlaams Upper Sorbian Vlaams Dutch Germany Standard German Vlaams Limburgish Limburgish PicardBelgium Standard German Standard German WalloonFrench Standard German Picard Picard Polish FrenchLuxembourgeois Russian French Czech Republic Czech Ukrainian Polish French Luxembourgeois Polish Polish Luxembourgeois Polish Ukrainian French Rusyn Ukraine Swiss German Czech Slovakia Slovak Ukrainian Slovak Rusyn Breton Croatian Romanian Carpathian Romani Kazakhstan Balkan Romani Ukrainian Croatian Moldova Standard German Hungary Switzerland Standard German Romanian Austria Greek Swiss GermanWalser CroatianStandard German Mongolia RomanschWalser Standard German Bulgarian Russian France French Slovene Bulgarian Russian French LombardRomansch Ladin Slovene Standard -
De La Debacle Bipartidista
20-21 RANKING_14-16 ETA+AGUILAR.qxd 18/06/14 19:27 Página 20 POLITICA Murcia para el PP y Cataluña para el PSOE, los grandes Por V. M. ‘boquetes’ del 25-M ue el bipartidismo quedó tocado el 25-M es algo que se supo la misma noche electoral; PP y PSOE Q habían perdido más de 2,5 millo- ‘RANKING’ DE LA DEBACLE nes de votos cada uno. A lo largo de una in- tensa semana informativa posterior, los popu- lares reconocían errores de comunicación y BIPARTIDISTA los socialistas se preparaban para una renova- El Partido Socialista es el que más ha acusado la sangría de votos de las ción profunda post-Rubalcaba. Después, el elecciones europeas; el resultado en Cataluña, el peor registrado por la formación, anuncio de abdicación de don Juan Carlos des- se ha llevado por delante a Pere Navarro. Sin embargo, mayor ha sido la caída en viaba el foco de atención mediática hacia Zar- el PP tras su histórica mayoría absoluta en las generales de 2011, llegando a zuela dando un respiro a Génova y Ferraz, que han tenido tiempo de reflexionar para evitar perder 26,8 puntos en Murcia con tan sólo dos años y medio de diferencia. Con la que la tendencia se consolide en las autonó- excepción de Guillermo Fernández Vara en Extremadura, todos los barones han sido micas y municipales del próximo año. víctimas de la debacle bipartidista. Este es el ranking de los perdedores que trae de La semana pasada era noticia la reunión que cabeza a los cuarteles generales de ambas formaciones. -
Some Fundamentals of Romance Linguistics with Regard to Sardinian
Open Access Library Journal Some Fundamentals of Romance Linguistics with Regard to Sardinian Jordi Crespo Saumell Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italia Email: [email protected] Received 3 June 2015; accepted 20 June 2015; published 26 June 2015 Copyright © 2015 by author and OALib. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract When it comes to consider the vast space that Latin and the Romance languages occupy, geogra- phical, temporal, and social dimensions pop up at least as unavoidable. In coming to grips with the evolution of the vulgar Latin into their extant reflexes, there is also unanimous agreement in regarding vowel quantity, syllable boundaries, and syllable weight as the three main concepts ac- counting for the progressive stages and the final aspect of the neo-Latin languages today. In reas- suming such a theoretical frame, this paper is more particularly intended to give a picture of these features when applied to Sardinian. Its insular development beside the controversy on its alleged non Indo-European origin, the conservative forms the Sardinian took with regard to Latin, or the deep imprint the diverse linguistic superstrata exerted upon it are all these traits that, doubtlessly, contribute to making of the Sardinian a unique Romance standing for its own place in the scene of the minority languages. Keywords Romance Linguistics, Sardinian, Substratum, Latin Enculturation, Law of the Quantitative Collapse, Metaphonism, Superstratum, Catalan, Diglossia Subject Areas: Literature, Sociology 1. Introduction: Theoretical Frame and Methodological Remarks From a methodological point of view the linguistic theory seems to be able to explain the blank between the vulgar Latin and the Neo-Latin languages in a successful and convincing way, since it is possible to expound in reasoned and systematic terms the mechanisms accounting for the medial steps from the vulgar Latin to a Rom- ance language whatsoever. -
Debat Politica General 2014
CORTS VALENCIANES DIARI DE SESSIONS DIARIO DE SESIONES Número 136 VIII Legislatura Any 2014 DEBAT DE POLÍTICA GENERAL Sessió plenària realitzada el dia 23 de setembre de 2014 Primera reunió Presidència del Molt Excel·lent Senyor Juan Gabriel Cotino Ferrer SUMARI (Comença la sessió a les 10 hores i 33 minuts) Jurament o promesa de dos noves diputades ................................................................................................... pàgina 5.976 Elecció de la vicepresidència segona de Les Corts ............................................................................................ pàgina 5.976 Debat sobre la declaració de política general realitzada pel president de La Generalitat, senyor Alberto Fabra Part, de conformitat amb el que disposa l’article 44 de la Llei 5/1983, de 30 de desembre, del Consell pàgina 5.976 Intervenció del president de La Generalitat, senyor Alberto Fabra Part. (Se suspén la sessió a les 12 hores i 30 minuts) (Es reprén la sessió a les 13 hores i 6 minuts Intervencions del síndic del Grup Parlamentari Socialista, senyor Antonio Torres Salvador, del síndic del Grup Parlamentari Compromís, senyor Enric Xavier Morera Català, de la síndica del Grup Parlamentari Esquerra Unida, senyora Margarita Sanz Alonso, i del síndic del Grup Parlamentari Popular, senyor Jorge Bellver Casaña. (Se suspén la sessió a les 15 hores i 14 minuts) Número 136 23.09.2014 Pàgina 5.975 (Es reprén la sessió a les 17 hores i 31 minuts) Debat sobre la declaració de política general realitzada pel president de La Generalitat, senyor Alberto Fabra Part, de conformitat amb el que disposa l’article 44 de la Llei 5/1983, de 30 de desembre, del Consell. Continuació .............................................................................................................................................. pàgina 6.002 Intervenció del president de La Generalitat, senyor Alberto Fabra Part. -
Assumpte: Valoració De L'impacte Potencial De L'adquisició Per Part De MEDIASET Del 40% De Les Accions D'edica (Propietat Del GRUPO GODÓ) a Catalunya
Via Laietana, 60 -5 a planta 08003 Barcelona Tel 93 552 81 60 Fax 93 552 82 88 http://acco.gencat.cat [email protected] VERSIÓ NO CONFIDENCIAL REF. CE 10/2015 MEDIASET/GODO/EDICA IM/SG Assumpte: Valoració de l'impacte potencial de l'adquisició per part de MEDIASET del 40% de les accions d'EDICA (propietat del GRUPO GODÓ) a Catalunya. 1. Antecedents En data 20 d'abril de 2015, es va rebre una sol·licitud de col·laboració remesa per la Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (en endavant, CNMC). En concret, de conformitat amb l'article 39.1 de la Llei 15/2007, de 3 de juliol, de defensa de la competència (en endavant, LDC), el Director de Competència de la CNMC sol·licitava a l'Autoritat Catalana de la Competència (en endavant, ACCO) que informés en el termini de 10 dies sobre una operació de concentració empresarial. L'operació notificada a la CNMC consisteix bàsicament en l'adquisició per part de MEDIASET ESPAÑA COMUNICACIÓN, S.A. del 40% de les accions d'EMISSIONS DIGITALS DE CATALUNYA, S.A.U.1 de la qual actualment és propietària CATALUNYA COMUNICACIÓ S.L.U., societat que, al seu torn, pertany al 100% al GRUPO GODÓ DE COMUNICACIÓN, S.A.2 En data 21 d'abril de 2015, la Direcció General de l'ACCO va acusar recepció de la petició d'informe formulada pel Director de Competència de la CNMC una vegada rebuts via CIRCA els documents annexos del formulari de notificació de l'operació esmentada.