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FIAS Scientific Report 2012 FIAS Scientific Report 2012 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Editor: Dr. Joachim Reinhardt Ruth-Moufang-Str. 1 reinhardt@fias.uni-frankfurt.de 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany Tel.: +49 (0)69 798 47600 Fax: +49 (0)69 798 47611 fias.uni-frankfurt.de Vorstand: Prof. Dr. Volker Lindenstruth, Vorsitzender Regierungspräsidium Darmstadt Prof. Dr. Dirk H. Rischke Az:II21.1–25d04/11–(12)–545 Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Wolf Singer Finanzamt Frankfurt Prof. Dr. Dres. h.c. Horst Stöcker Steuernummer: 47 250 4216 1 – XXI/101 Prof. Dr. Jochen Triesch Freistellungsbescheid vom 16.08.2010 Geschäftsführer: Gisbert Jockenhöfer FIAS Scientific Report 2012 Table of Contents Preface..........................................................................5 Research highlights 2012 . 6 1. Partner Research Centers 1.1 HIC for FAIR / EMMI . 9 1.2 Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology . 11 2. Graduate Schools 2.1 HGS-HIRe / HQM . 14 2.2 FIGSS . 16 3. FIAS Scientific Life 3.1 Seminars and Colloquia . 20 3.2 Organized Conferences. .23 3.2 FIAS Forum . 25 4. Research Reports 4.1 Nuclear Physics, Particle Physics, Astrophysics . 26 4.2 Neuroscience. .59 4.3 Biology, Chemistry, Molecules, Nanosystems . 75 4.4 Scientific Computing, Information Technology . .101 5. Talks and Publications 5.1 Conference and Seminar Talks . 117 5.2 Conference Abstracts and Posters . 126 5.3 Cumulative List of Publications . 129 3 4 Preface In the year 2012 FIAS has continued to carry out its mission as an independent research institute performing cutting-edge research in the natural and computer sciences. An account of recent scientific accomplishments can be found in the brief individual research reports collected in Section 4. In addition we document impor- tant developments at cooperating institutions, as well as colloquium schedules, conferences organized by FIAS, and the graduate teaching activities in the framework of the Frankfurt International Graduate School for Science (FIGSS). In the year 2012 FIAS again has organized or co-organized a variety of scientific conferences and workshops on topics ranging from nuclear astrophysics or relativistic heavy ion physics to nanoscience and robotics. Many of these events were held at the premises in Frankfurt, e.g., three workshops of the ambitious Ernst Strüngmann Forum. Public outreach activities have concentrated on the lecture series “FIAS Forum” which presented a series of non-technical evening lectures on a variety of topics which were well received by the general public. The year 2012 has brought a number of new faces and changes in the ranks of the senior scientific staff at FIAS. The computer scientist Ivan Kisel has joined FIAS as a new Fellow and at the same time was appointed to a professorship at Goethe University. Another newly appointed Fellow is Dr. Hannah Petersen who leads a Helmholtz Young Investigator Group and is designated for a professorship in the physics de- partment. Three scientists were appointed to the title Research Fellow, the high-energy physicists Dr. Pasi Huovinen and Dr. Hendrik van Hees, and the neuroscientist Dr. Danko Nikolic.´ Dr. Nikolic´ is a veteran at FIAS, having served before as Junior Fellow for many years. A newly appointed Adjunct Fellows is Dr. Laura Tolos, Institute of Space Sciences, Barcelona, Spain, who had been Junior Fellow in the years 2006–2008. Two former FIAS researchers have been appointed to professorships overseas: Rodrigo Picanço Negreiros at the Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi (Rio de Janeiro), and Manu Punnen John at the Union Christian College (part of Mahatma Gandhi University) in Aluva, Kerala province, India. The computer science branch at FIAS could register a number of successes in the year 2012. Prof. Linden- struth and his colleagues were commended by the initiative “Germany – Land of Ideas” for the LOEWE- CSC supercomputer and also received the German Computing Center Prize. Furthermore, the new su- percomputer SANAM, built for KACST/Saudia Arabia, has qualified for place 2 on the list of the most energy-efficient high-performance computers worldwide and is ranked number 52 on the TOP500 list of the fastest computers. After thorough discussions among the management and the scientists at FIAS, in 2012 an updated strategy plan “FIAS - Status and Perspectives” has been formulated. This will be regularly adjusted in order to account for future opportunities and challenges and to changes in the funding situation. There are ongoing attempts to alleviate the structural imbalance of FIAS, which strongly tilts towards the branches of physics and neuroscience. Earlier efforts to fill the envisaged Helmut Maucher endowed pro- fessorship with a high-profile theoretical chemist or biologist had not been successful. As an alternative, presently the idea is pursued to apply the expertise of FIAS in complex systems and modeling to the area of economics and finance. In cooperation with the House of Finance at Goethe University, in September 2012 a pilot symposium “Systemic Risk: Economists Meet Neuroscientists” was organized. This may pave the way for FIAS to enter a promising new field of research. 5 Research highlights 2012 Physics In the area of astrophysics the group of S. Schramm has made major progress in developing a two-dimensio- nal code to describe the cooling of neutron stars. The two-dimensional modeling will, for the first time, allow the study of the stellar temperature evolution of fast spinning stars, including the spin-up from mass accretion in binary systems, with possible phase transitions in the interior of the stars that could lead to observable variations in the star’s temperature evolution. This approach is an important tool to acquire more information on the equation of state of extremely dense matter as found in compact stars. The Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) transport model for the description of high- energy nuclear collisions has been employed by M. Bleicher and collaborators in a number of studies. This includes: the transport properties of heavy quarks in the Quark-Gluon Plasma, the extraction of nuclear size information from two-pion HBT correlations at RHIC and LHC energies, and the production of dileptons in hot elementary matter. Using experimental data on multihadron production at CERN LHC and SPS, R. Stock, M. Bleicher and col- leagues were able to determine the position of the parton-hadron phase boundary line between deconfined partons and confined hadrons, in the plane of temperature and baryochemical potential (T; mB). The results of this analysis, which is based on the Statistical Hadronization Model (SHM) augmented with UrQMD simulations, agrees well with the predictions of lattice QCD. The group of E. Bratkovskaya has studied the parton-hadron matter in and out of equilibrium within the Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach for the strongly interacting Quark-Gluon-Plas- ma (sQGP). In particular, the equilibration of observables and their fluctuations in the QGP as well as transport coefficients were studied in this way. The ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density h=s was found to show a minimum close to the critical temperature Tc, while approaching the perturbative QCD limit at higher temperatures. The ratio of the bulk viscosity to entropy density z=s shows a maximum close to TC. The group of D.H. Rischke has investigated the derivation of the equations of motion of dissipative relativis- tic fluid dynamics from the underlying microscopic theory, the Boltzmann equation. A new method, based on moments of the single-particle distribution function and a systematic power-counting in Knudsen and inverse Reynolds number, was developed, allowing to systematically improve the calculation of transport coefficients. It was applied to situations where a naive power-counting fails. In the area of nuclear structure physics, V.I. Zagrebaev and W. Greiner made new predictions for the syn- thesis of superheavy nuclei. They advocate the fusion of 48Ca with transuranium nuclei to reach the “island of stability”. The topic of nuclear waste reduction has been addressed in a study modeling neutron production and trans- port in spallation targets made of Uranium and Americium (I. Mishustin, W. Greiner). This provides impor- tant input for the ongoing design of accelerator-driven systems (ADS) for nuclear waste transmutation. Neuroscience The activities of the group of J. Triesch mostly are concerned with the investigation of learning and self- organization processes in the brain using neural network models. In one study it was shown that the distri- bution of synaptic strengths and their pattern of fluctuations are explained by self-organization in a recurrent spiking network model combining spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), synaptic scaling, structural plasticity, and intrinsic plasticity. The resulting dynamics produces lognormal-like weight distributions closely matching experimental data. D. Nicolic,´ W. Singer, and colleagues have investigated the cortical beta/gamma oscillations (20-80 Hz) which are not yet fully understood. Exploration of networks containing either integrator or resonator in- hibitory interneurons revealed that membrane resonance, as opposed to integration, promotes robust gamma 6 oscillations having stable frequency via a mechanism called RING (Resonance INduced Gamma). The results compare favorably with measurements performed on the visual cortex of the cat. In the framework of the Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology the group of J. Lücke studies novel approaches for efficient and
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