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Report from the NA61/SHINE Experiment at the CERN SPS,” Tech EUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN) October 2, 2020 Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS The NA61/SHINE Collaboration This document reports on the status and plans of the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS as of October 2020. The document refers to the proposal SPSC-P-330. CERN-SPSC-2020-023 / SPSC-SR-278 02/10/2020 c 2020 CERN for the benefit of the NA61/SHINE Collaboration. Reproduction of this article or parts of it is allowed as specified in the CC-BY-4.0 license. Contents 1 Introduction6 2 New results 6 2.1 New results for strong interactions physics....................6 2.2 New results for neutrino and cosmic ray physics................. 21 3 Software and calibration upgrades 26 3.1 Native SHINE software................................ 26 3.2 Calibration....................................... 30 4 Hardware upgrade 31 5 Beam request for 2021 and plans for data taking in 2022-2024 33 5.1 Beam request for 2021................................ 33 5.2 Request for measurements in 2022-2024...................... 36 6 Very Low Energy Beams 37 6.1 Physics with Very Low Energy Beams....................... 37 6.2 Working Schedule................................... 38 7 Ideas for additional measurements after LS3 38 7.1 Measurements with ion beams for physics of strong interactions........ 38 7.2 New measurements with anti-proton beams for physics of strong interactions 42 7.3 Measurements for physics of neutrinos and cosmic-rays............. 44 8 Summary 46 2 The NA61/SHINE Collaboration A. Acharya 9, H. Adhikary 9, A. Aduszkiewicz 15, K.K. Allison 25, E.V. Andronov 21, T. Anti´ci´c 3, V. Babkin 19, M. Baszczyk 13, S. Bhosale 10, A. Blondel 4, M. Bogomilov 2, A. Brandin 20, A. Bravar 23, W. Bryli´nski 17, J. Brzychczyk 12, M. Buryakov 19, O. Busygina 18, A. Bzdak 13, H. Cherif 6, M. Cirkovi´c´ 22, M. Csanad 7, J. Cybowska 17, T. Czopowicz 9,17, A. Damyanova 23, N. Davis 10, M. Deliyergiyev 9, M. Deveaux 6, A. Dmitriev 19, W. Dominik 15, P. Dorosz 13, M. Droba 6, J. Dumarchez 4, R. Engel 5, G.A. Feofilov 21, L. Fields 24, Z. Fodor 7,16, A. Garibov 1, M. Ga´zdzicki 6,9, O. Golosov 20, V. Golo- vatyuk 19, M. Golubeva 18, K. Grebieszkow 17, F. Guber 18, A. Haesler 23, S.N. Igolkin 21, S. Ilieva 2, A. Ivashkin 18, S.R. Johnson 25, K. Kadija 3, N. Kargin 20, E. Kashirin 20, M. Kiełbowicz 10, V.A. Kireyeu 19, V. Klochkov 6, V.I. Kolesnikov 19, D. Kolev 2, A. Korzenev 23, V.N. Kovalenko 21, S. Kowalski 14, M. Koziel 6, A. Krasnoperov 19, W. Kucewicz 13, M. Kuich 15, A. Kurepin 18, D. Larsen 12, A. László 7, T.V. Lazareva 21, M. Lewicki 16, K. Łojek 12, V.V. Lyubushkin 19, M. Ma´ckowiak-Pawłowska 17, Z. Majka 12, B. Maksiak 11, A.I. Malakhov 19, A. Marcinek 10, A.D. Marino 25, K. Marton 7, H.-J. Mathes 5, T. Matulewicz 15, V. Matveev 19, G.L. Melkumov 19, A.O. Merzlaya 12, B. Messerly 26, O. Meusel 6, Ł. Mik 13, S. Morozov 18,20, Y. Nagai 25, M. Naskr ˛et 16, V. Ozvenchuk 10, V. Paolone 26, O. Petukhov 18, R. Płaneta 12, P. Podlaski 15, B.A. Popov 19,4, B. Porfy 7, M. Posiadała-Zezula 15, D.S. Prokhorova 21, D. Pszczel 11, S. Puławski 14, J. Puzovi´c 22, M. Ravonel 23, R. Renfordt 6, D. Röhrich 8, E. Rondio 11, M. Roth 5, B.T. Rumberger 25, M. Rumyantsev 19, A. Rustamov 1,6, M. Rybczynski 9, A. Rybicki 10, S. Sadhu 9, A. Sadovsky 18, K. Schmidt 14, I. Selyuzhenkov 20, A.Yu. Seryakov 21, P. Seyboth 9, M. Słodkowski 17, P. Staszel 12, G. Stefanek 9, J. Stepaniak 11, M. Strikhanov 20, H. Ströbele 6, T. Šuša 3, A. Taranenko 20, A. Tefelska 17, D. Tefelski 17, V. Tereshchenko 19, K. Thoma 6 A. Toia 6, R. Tsenov 2, L. Turko 16, R. Ulrich 5, M. Unger 5, D. Uzhva 21, F.F. Valiev 21, D. Veberiˇc 5, V.V. Vechernin 21, A. Wickremasinghe 26,24, K. Wojcik 14, O. Wyszy´nski 9, A. Zaitsev 19, E.D. Zimmerman 25, and R. Zwaska 24 1 National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azer- 13 AGH - University of Science and Technology, baijan Cracow, Poland 2 Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, 14 University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland Bulgaria 15 University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland 3 Ruder¯ Boškovi´cInstitute, Zagreb, Croatia 16 University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland 4 LPNHE, University of Paris VI and VII, Paris, 17 Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, France Poland 5 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, 18 Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Rus- Germany sia 6 University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany 19 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 7 Wigner Research Centre for Physics of the Hun- Russia garian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary 20 National Research Nuclear University 8 University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 9 Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland Moscow, Russia 10 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy 21 St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, of Sciences, Cracow, Poland Russia 11 National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, 22 University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Poland 23 University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland 12 Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland 24 Fermilab, Batavia, USA 3 25 University of Colorado, Boulder, USA 26 University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA 4 The NA61/SHINE Limited Members N. Antoniou 1, P. Banasiak 8, S. Bordoni 9, N. Charitonidis 9, P. Christakoglou 1, G. Christodoulou 9, A. Datta 4, A. De Roeck 9, F. Diakonos 1, P. von Doetinchem 4, S.J. Dolan 9, D. Gawli´nski 8, M. Grzelak 8, T. Hasegawa 2, S. J ˛edrzejewski 8, A. Kapoyannis 1, J. Kempa 8, T. Kobayashi 2, U. Kose 9, J. Koshio 3, D.R. Kowcun 8, M.O. Kuttan 6, O. Linnyk 6, W.C. Louis 5, B. Meller 8, C. Mussolini 9, T. Nakadaira 2, K. Nishikawa 2, A.D. Panagiotou 1, T. Pawlak 8, J. Pawlowski 6, D. Piotrowski 8, W. Rauch 7, K. Sakashita 2, S. Schramm 6, T. Sekiguchi 2, M. Shibata 2, A. Shukla 4, J. Steinheimer-Froschauer 6, H. Stoecker 6, M. Tada 2, M. Vassiliou 1, C.F. Vilela 9, J. Wiktorowicz 8, and K. Zhou 6 1 University of Athens, Athens, Greece Frankfurt, Germany 2 Institute for Particle and Nuclear Studies, 7 Fachhochschule Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Tsukuba, Japan 8 Warsaw University of Technology Plock Cam- 3 Okayama University, Japan pus, Poland 4 University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA 9 CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 5 Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA 6 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, 5 1 Introduction This annual report presents the status and plans of the NA61/SHINE experiment [1] at the CERN SPS. The report refers to the period October 2019 - October 2020. The document is organized as follows. New results are presented in Section2. Status of the software and calibration upgrades is summarized in Section3. An overview of the hardware upgrade is given in Section4. The beam request for 2021 and plans for data taking in 2022- 2024 are presented in Section5. Finally, ideas for measurements after LS3 are summarized in Section7. The summary in Section8 closes the paper. 2 New results 2.1 New results for strong interactions physics The NA61/SHINE strong interactions program is based on beam momentum scans (13A – 150A/158A GeV/c) with light and intermediate mass nuclei (from p+p to Xe+La). The main physics goals include: search for the second-order critical end-point in the temperature ver- sus baryo-chemical potential phase diagram (looking for non-monotonic behavior of critical point signatures, such as transverse momentum and multiplicity fluctuations, intermittency signal, etc., when system freezes out close to the critical point), study the properties of the onset of deconfinement (search for the onset of the horn, kink, step, and dale 1 structures [2,3] in collisions of light nuclei). In recent years, the program has been extended by Pb+Pb colli- sions where the open charm production, as well as collective effects are studied. Based on the obtained results, few years ago NA61/SHINE introduced a concept of two onsets in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN SPS energies (described in 2017 Status Re- port [4]): onset of deconfinement (beginning of QGP formation – collision energy threshold for deconfinement) and onset of fireball (beginning of formation of a large cluster which decays statistically – system-size threshold for creation of statistical system). This section summarizes new preliminary and recently published physics results from the program on physics of strong interactions. The results on spectra and yields as well as on fluctuations and correlations are presented. They are ordered and labelled according to the NA61/SHINE physics goals, i.e. the study of the onsets of deconfinement (OD) and fireball (OF), the search for the critical point (CP) and others (O). 2.1.1 (OD, OF) Final results concerning p+p interactions and onset of deconfinement NA61/SHINE results on the collision energy dependence of the K+/p+ ratio and the in- verse slope parameter of kaon mT spectra in inelastic p+p interactions were published in Phys. Rev. C [5]. The NA61/SHINE p+p results were compared with the corresponding world data on p+p interactions as well as central Pb+Pb and Au+Au collisions. The com- parison uncovered a similarity between the collision energy dependence in p+p interactions 1 2 Dale is a minimum in the energy dependence of squared sound velocity cs , see Ref.
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