Hyperon Production in P–Pb Collisions with ALICE at the LHC
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CERN Courier–Digital Edition
CERNMarch/April 2021 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WELCOME CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the March/April 2021 issue of CERN Courier. Hadron colliders have contributed to a golden era of discovery in high-energy physics, hosting experiments that have enabled physicists to unearth the cornerstones of the Standard Model. This success story began 50 years ago with CERN’s Intersecting Storage Rings (featured on the cover of this issue) and culminated in the Large Hadron Collider (p38) – which has spawned thousands of papers in its first 10 years of operations alone (p47). It also bodes well for a potential future circular collider at CERN operating at a centre-of-mass energy of at least 100 TeV, a feasibility study for which is now in full swing. Even hadron colliders have their limits, however. To explore possible new physics at the highest energy scales, physicists are mounting a series of experiments to search for very weakly interacting “slim” particles that arise from extensions in the Standard Model (p25). Also celebrating a golden anniversary this year is the Institute for Nuclear Research in Moscow (p33), while, elsewhere in this issue: quantum sensors HADRON COLLIDERS target gravitational waves (p10); X-rays go behind the scenes of supernova 50 years of discovery 1987A (p12); a high-performance computing collaboration forms to handle the big-physics data onslaught (p22); Steven Weinberg talks about his latest work (p51); and much more. To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://comms.iop.org/k/iop/cerncourier To subscribe to the magazine, please visit: https://cerncourier.com/p/about-cern-courier EDITOR: MATTHEW CHALMERS, CERN DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY IOP PUBLISHING ATLAS spots rare Higgs decay Weinberg on effective field theory Hunting for WISPs CCMarApr21_Cover_v1.indd 1 12/02/2021 09:24 CERNCOURIER www. -
Slides Lecture 1
Advanced Topics in Particle Physics Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC Ulrich Husemann, Klaus Reygers, Ulrich Uwer University of Heidelberg Winter Semester 2009/2010 CERN = European Laboratory for Partice Physics the world’s largest particle physics laboratory, founded 1954 Historic name: “Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire” Lake Geneva Proton-proton2500 employees, collider almost 10000 guest scientists from 85 nations Jura Mountains 8.5 km Accelerator complex Prévessin site (approx. 100 m underground) (France) Meyrin site (Switzerland) Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC, U Heidelberg, Winter Semester 09/10, Lecture 1 2 Large Hadron Collider: CMS Experiment: Proton-Proton and Multi Purpose Detector Lead-Lead Collisions LHCb Experiment: B Physics and CP Violation ALICE-Experiment: ATLAS Experiment: Heavy Ion Physics Multi Purpose Detector Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC, U Heidelberg, Winter Semester 09/10, Lecture 1 3 The Lecture “Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC” Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN: premier address in experimental particle physics for the next 10+ years LHC restart this fall: first beam scheduled for mid-November LHC and Heidelberg Experimental groups from Heidelberg participate in three out of four large LHC experiments (ALICE, ATLAS, LHCb) Theory groups working on LHC physics → Cornerstone of physics research in Heidelberg → Lots of exciting opportunities for young people Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC, U Heidelberg, Winter Semester 09/10, Lecture 1 4 Scope -
Highlights from ALICE
Highlights from ALICE Michael Weber for the ALICE Collaboration Quark Matter, Wuhan, 04-09 Nov 2019 Michael Weber (SMI) Opening the doors (December 2018) CERN-PHOTO-201812-335 2 Quark Matter, Wuhan, 04-09 Nov 2019 Michael Weber (SMI) Soon after CERN-PHOTO-201903-053 Quark Matter, Wuhan, 04-09 Nov 2019 Michael Weber (SMI) 3 Harvest of the past ten years Recorded L System Year(s) √s (TeV) int NN (for muon triggers) 2010,2011 2.76 ~75 μb-1 Pb–Pb 2015 5.02 ~0.25 nb-1 2018 5.02 ~0.55 nb-1 Xe–Xe 2017 5.44 ~0.3 μb-1 2013 5.02 ~15 nb-1 p–Pb 2016 5.02, 8.16 ~3 nb-1; ~25 nb-1 New for QM 2019: ~200 μb-1; ~100 nb-1; 2009-2013 0.9,2.76,7,8 ~1.5 pb-1; ~2.5 pb-1 ● Full 13 TeV pp data set with high-multiplicity triggers pp ● 2018 Pb-Pb with central and semi-central triggers 2015,2017 5.02 ~1.3 pb-1 ● Selected results out of 26 parallel talks, 2015-2018 13 ~36 pb-1 68 posters, and 18 new papers Labels used in this presentation: New since last QM New New preliminary for QM Final On arXiv for QM Quark Matter, Wuhan, 04-09 Nov 2019 Michael Weber (SMI) 4 Outline Initial state → Hadronic structure and photoproduction QGP - Macroscopic properties → Properties of QCD matter and the transition between phases QGP - Microscopic dynamics → Degrees of freedom at each stage and their interactions Small systems → Unified picture of QCD particle production from small to larger systems Hadron physics → LHC as laboratory for hadron interaction studies Following the open questions in the HL-LHC WG5 yellow report Quark Matter, Wuhan, 04-09 Nov 2019 Michael Weber (SMI) 5 ALICE parallel talks Initial state ● Low-mass dielectron measurements in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC S. -
Heavy-Ion Collisions at the Dawn of the Large Hadron Collider Era
Heavy-Ion Collisions at the Dawn of the Large Hadron Collider Era J. Takahashi Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil Abstract In this paper I present a review of the main topics associated with the study of heavy-ion collisions, intended for students starting or interested in the field. It is impossible to summarize in a few pages the large amount of information that is available today, after a decade of operations of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the beginning of operations at the Large Hadron Collider. Thus, I had to choose some of the results and theories in order to present the main ideas and goals. All results presented here are from publicly available references, but some of the discussions and opinions are my personal view, where I have made that clear in the text. 1 Introduction In this very exciting field of science, we use particle accelerators to collide heavy ions such as lead or gold nuclei, instead of colliding single protons or electrons. By doing so, we produce a much more violent collision in which a large number of particles are created and a considerable amount of energy is deposited in a volume bigger than the size of a single proton. As a result, a highly excited state of matter is created, and this state can have characteristics different from those of regular hadronic matter. It is postulated that, if the energy density is high enough, the system formed will be in a state where quarks and gluons are no longer confined into hadrons and thus exhibit partonic degrees of freedom [1,2]. -
Femtoscopy of Proton-Proton Collisions in the ALICE Experiment
Femtoscopy of proton-proton collisions in the ALICE experiment DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Nicolas Bock, B.Sc. B.Eng., M.Sc. Graduate Program in Physics The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Professor Thomas J. Humanic, Advisor Professor Michael Lisa #1 Professor Klaus Honscheid #2 Professor Richard Furnstahl #3 c Copyright by Nicolas Bock 2011 Abstract The Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) at CERN has been designed to study matter at extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, with the long term goal of observing deconfined matter (free quarks and gluons), study its properties and learn more details about the phase diagram of nuclear matter. The ALICE experiment provides excellent particle tracking capabilities in high multiplicity proton-proton and heavy ion collisions, allowing to carry out detailed research of nuclear matter. This dissertation presents the study of the space time structure of the particle emission region, also known as femtoscopy, in proton- proton collisions at 0.9, 2.76 and 7.0 TeV. The emission region can be characterized by taking advantage of the Bose-Einstein effect for identical particles, which causes an enhancement of produced identical pairs at low relative momentum. The geometry of the emission region is related to the relative momentum distribution of all pairs by the Fourier transform of the source function, therefore the measurement of the final relative momentum distribution allows to extract the initial space-time characteristics. Results show that there is a clear dependence of the femtoscopic radii on event multiplicity as well as transverse momentum, a signature of the transition of nuclear matter into its fundamental components and also of strong interaction among these. -
NA61/SHINE Facility at the CERN SPS: Beams and Detector System
Preprint typeset in JINST style - HYPER VERSION NA61/SHINE facility at the CERN SPS: beams and detector system N. Abgrall11, O. Andreeva16, A. Aduszkiewicz23, Y. Ali6, T. Anticic26, N. Antoniou1, B. Baatar7, F. Bay27, A. Blondel11, J. Blumer13, M. Bogomilov19, M. Bogusz24, A. Bravar11, J. Brzychczyk6, S. A. Bunyatov7, P. Christakoglou1, T. Czopowicz24, N. Davis1, S. Debieux11, H. Dembinski13, F. Diakonos1, S. Di Luise27, W. Dominik23, T. Drozhzhova20 J. Dumarchez18, K. Dynowski24, R. Engel13, I. Efthymiopoulos10, A. Ereditato4, A. Fabich10, G. A. Feofilov20, Z. Fodor5, A. Fulop5, M. Ga´zdzicki9;15, M. Golubeva16, K. Grebieszkow24, A. Grzeszczuk14, F. Guber16, A. Haesler11, T. Hasegawa21, M. Hierholzer4, R. Idczak25, S. Igolkin20, A. Ivashkin16, D. Jokovic2, K. Kadija26, A. Kapoyannis1, E. Kaptur14, D. Kielczewska23, M. Kirejczyk23, J. Kisiel14, T. Kiss5, S. Kleinfelder12, T. Kobayashi21, V. I. Kolesnikov7, D. Kolev19, V. P. Kondratiev20, A. Korzenev11, P. Koversarski25, S. Kowalski14, A. Krasnoperov7, A. Kurepin16, D. Larsen6, A. Laszlo5, V. V. Lyubushkin7, M. Mackowiak-Pawłowska´ 9, Z. Majka6, B. Maksiak24, A. I. Malakhov7, D. Maletic2, D. Manglunki10, D. Manic2, A. Marchionni27, A. Marcinek6, V. Marin16, K. Marton5, H.-J.Mathes13, T. Matulewicz23, V. Matveev7;16, G. L. Melkumov7, M. Messina4, St. Mrówczynski´ 15, S. Murphy11, T. Nakadaira21, M. Nirkko4, K. Nishikawa21, T. Palczewski22, G. Palla5, A. D. Panagiotou1, T. Paul17, W. Peryt24;∗, O. Petukhov16 C.Pistillo4 R. Płaneta6, J. Pluta24, B. A. Popov7;18, M. Posiadala23, S. Puławski14, J. Puzovic2, W. Rauch8, M. Ravonel11, A. Redij4, R. Renfordt9, E. Richter-Wa¸s6, A. Robert18, D. Röhrich3, E. Rondio22, B. Rossi4, M. Roth13, A. Rubbia27, A. Rustamov9, M. -
FIAS Scientific Report 2012
FIAS Scientific Report 2012 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Editor: Dr. Joachim Reinhardt Ruth-Moufang-Str. 1 reinhardt@fias.uni-frankfurt.de 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany Tel.: +49 (0)69 798 47600 Fax: +49 (0)69 798 47611 fias.uni-frankfurt.de Vorstand: Prof. Dr. Volker Lindenstruth, Vorsitzender Regierungspräsidium Darmstadt Prof. Dr. Dirk H. Rischke Az:II21.1–25d04/11–(12)–545 Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Wolf Singer Finanzamt Frankfurt Prof. Dr. Dres. h.c. Horst Stöcker Steuernummer: 47 250 4216 1 – XXI/101 Prof. Dr. Jochen Triesch Freistellungsbescheid vom 16.08.2010 Geschäftsführer: Gisbert Jockenhöfer FIAS Scientific Report 2012 Table of Contents Preface..........................................................................5 Research highlights 2012 . 6 1. Partner Research Centers 1.1 HIC for FAIR / EMMI . 9 1.2 Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology . 11 2. Graduate Schools 2.1 HGS-HIRe / HQM . 14 2.2 FIGSS . 16 3. FIAS Scientific Life 3.1 Seminars and Colloquia . 20 3.2 Organized Conferences. .23 3.2 FIAS Forum . 25 4. Research Reports 4.1 Nuclear Physics, Particle Physics, Astrophysics . 26 4.2 Neuroscience. .59 4.3 Biology, Chemistry, Molecules, Nanosystems . 75 4.4 Scientific Computing, Information Technology . .101 5. Talks and Publications 5.1 Conference and Seminar Talks . 117 5.2 Conference Abstracts and Posters . 126 5.3 Cumulative List of Publications . 129 3 4 Preface In the year 2012 FIAS has continued to carry out its mission as an independent research institute performing cutting-edge research in the natural and computer sciences. An account of recent scientific accomplishments can be found in the brief individual research reports collected in Section 4. -
Lambda and Anti-Labmda Production in the ALICE Experiment at the LHC
LLNL-TR-643836 Lambda and Anti-Labmda production in the ALICE experiment at the LHC. R. Carmona, R. Soltz September 12, 2013 Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Strangeness Production in Jets with ALICE at the LHC Rodney Carmona, Mike Tyler II, Ron Soltz, Austin Harton, Edmundo Garcia Chicago State University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Cern (European Organization for Nuclear Research) At this laboratory Physicists and Engineers study fundamental particles using the world’s largest and most complex instruments. Here particles are made to collide at close to the speed of light to see how they interact and help to discover the basic laws of nature. -
Exhibiting the Alice Experiment
EXHIBITING THE ALICE EXPERIMENT LHCP2017, Shanghai, 15.5.2017 Despina Hatzifotiadou INFN Bologna On behalf of the ALICE Collaboration LHCP2017, Shanghai, 15.5.17 Despina Hatzifotiadou - Exhibiting the ALICE experiment 1 ALICE : OUTREACH AND COMMUNICATION TOOLS AND METHODS Events: Open Days, European Researchers Night Public talks Visits International Particle Physics Masterclasses http://alicematters.web.cern.ch/ https://twitter.com/ALICEexperiment https://www.facebook.com/ALICE.EXPERIMENT Virtual visits LHCP2017, Shanghai, 15.5.17 Despina Hatzifotiadou - Exhibiting the ALICE experiment 2 VISITS Highlights : underground visits • During LS1 > 15000 visitors • >7000 first year of LS1 • Open Days Sept. 2013 ~3500 • Possible only during limited periods Surface visitors’ centre a necessity • Also complementary to cavern visit LHCP2017, Shanghai, 15.5.17 Despina Hatzifotiadou - Exhibiting the ALICE experiment 3 ALICE VISITORS’ CENTRE Real-size poster of ALICE cross section • Explain basic ALICE components ARC (ALICE Run Control Centre) • Explain LHC operation, data taking • See physicists at work Interactive Window at ARC • Describe ALICE / its components • ALICE sociology VIEW OF SHAFT, PAD, MAD NEW ALICE EXHIBITION LHCP2017, Shanghai, 15.5.17 Despina Hatzifotiadou - Exhibiting the ALICE experiment 4 ALICE INTERACTIVE WINDOW LHCP2017, Shanghai, 15.5.17 Despina Hatzifotiadou - Exhibiting the ALICE experiment 5 ALICE INTERACTIVE WINDOW LHCP2017, Shanghai, 15.5.17 Despina Hatzifotiadou - Exhibiting the ALICE experiment 6 ALICE INTERACTIVE -
In Experimental Particle Physics
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Bringing the Heavens Down to Earth
International Journal of High-Energy Physics CERN I COURIER Volume 44 Number 3 April 2004 Bringing the heavens down to Earth ACCELERATORS NUCLEAR PHYSICS Ministers endorse NuPECC looks to linear collider p6 the future p22 POWER CONVERTERS Principles : Technologies : • Linear, Switch Node primary or secondary, Current or voltage stabilized • Hani, or résonant» Buck, from % to the sub ppm level • Boost, 4-quadrant operation Limits : Control : * 1A up to 25kA • Local manual and/or computer control * 3V to 50kV • Interfaces: RS232, RS422, RS485, IEEE488/GPIB, •O.lkVAto 3MVA • CANbus, Profibus DP, Interbus S, Ethernet • Adaptation to EPICS • DAC and ADC 16 to 20 bit resolution and linearity Applications : Electromagnets and coils Superconducting magnets or short samples Resistive or capacitive loads Klystrons, lOTs, RF transmitters 60V/350OM!OkW Thyristor controlled (S£M®) I0"4, Profibus 80V/600A,50kW 5Y/30Ô* for supraconducting magnets linear technology < Sppm stability with 10 extra shims mm BROKER BIOSPIN SA • France •m %M W\. WSÊ ¥%, 34 rue de l'industrie * F-67166 Wissembourg Cedex Tél. +33 (0)3 88 73 68 00 • Fax. +33 (0)3 88 73 68 79 lOSPIN power@brukerir CONTENTS Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August, in English and French editions. The views expressed are not CERN necessarily those of the CERN management. -
From the Web to the Grid and Beyond
The Frontiers Collection From the Web to the Grid and Beyond Computing Paradigms Driven by High-Energy Physics Bearbeitet von René Brun, Frederico Carminati, Giuliana Galli-Carminati 1. Auflage 2012. Buch. xx, 360 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 642 23156 8 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 726 g Weitere Fachgebiete > EDV, Informatik > Hardwaretechnische Grundlagen > Grid- Computing & Paralleles Rechnen schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. Preface Modern High Energy Physics (HEP), as a science studying the results of accelerator- driven particle collisions, was born after the Second World War, at the same time as computers. HEP research has been constantly limited by technology, both in the accelerator and detector domains as well as that of computing. At the same time High Energy physicists have greatly contributed to the development of Information Technology. During all these years, the Conseil Europeen´ pour la Recherche Nucleaire´ 1 (CERN [1], located in Geneva, Switzerland) has been a privileged place for the evolution of HEP computing. Several applications conceived for HEP have found applications well beyond it, the World Wide Web (see Chap. 2) being the most notable example. During all these years HEP computing has faced the chal- lenge of software development within distributed communities, and of exploiting geographically distributed computing resources.