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UNSC Play Their Part
HASMUN’19 STUDY GUIDE The United Nations Security Council Khmer Rouge’s Cambodia Under-Secretary General : Egemen Büyükkaya Academic Assıstant : Ümit Altar Binici Table of Contents I) Introduction to the Committee: Historical Security Council……………………………...3 II) Introduction to the Agenda Item: Khmer Rouge’s Cambodia……………………………6 A. Historical Background…………………………………………………………………...9 1) French Colonialism and the Early Communist Movements in Cambodia………….....9 2) Independence of Cambodia and the Rule of Norodom Sihanouk……………………12 3) Cold War Period and 1970 Coup……………………………………………………..14 4) The Establishment and Destruction Lon Nol Government…………………………..15 B. Khmer Rouge Ideology…………………………………………………………………16 C. Internal Formation of the Communist Party of Kampuchea………………………..20 D. Foreign Relations of Democratic Kampuchea………………………………………...21 III) Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………...22 Letter from the Secretary-General Dear Delegates and Advisors, It is a great pleasure and honor to officially invite all of you to HASMUN 2019 which will be held between 26th and 28th of April 2019 at Kadir Has University Haliç Campus in Istanbul which is located in the Golden Horn area. I am personally thrilled to take part in the making of this conference and I am sure that the academic and organisation teams share my passion about this installment of HASMUN in which we have chosen to focus on topics that bring humanity together. And we have also included committees which will simulate historical events that can be considered existential threats which brought the international committee or some nations together. The general idea that we would like to introduce is that humanity can achieve great things in little time if we are united, or can eliminate threats that threaten our very existence. -
A History of the Anlong Veng Community a History Of
A HIstoRy Of Anlong Veng CommunIty A wedding in Anlong Veng in the early 1990s. (Cover photo) Aer Vietnamese forces entered Cambodia in 1979, many Khmer Rouge forces scaered to the jungles, mountains, and border areas. Mountain 1003 was a prominent Khmer Rouge military base located within the Dangrek Mountains along the Cambodian-Thai border, not far from Anlong Veng. From this military base, the Khmer Rouge re-organized and prepared for the long struggle against Vietnamese and the People’s Republic of Kampuchea government forces. Eventually, it was from this base, Khmer Rouge forces would re-conquer and sele Anlong Veng in early 1990 (and a number of other locations) until their re-integration into Cambodian society in late 1998. In many ways, life in Anlong Veng was as difficult and dangerous as it was in Mountain 1003. As one of the KR strongholds, Anlong Veng served as one of the key launching points for Khmer Rouge guerrilla operations in Cambodia, and it was subject to constant aacks by Cambodian government forces. Despite the perilous circumstances and harsh environment, the people who lived in Anlong Veng endeavored, whenever possible, to re-connect with and maintain their rich cultural heritage. Tossed from the seat of power in 1979, the Khmer Rouge were unable to sustain their rigid ideo- logical policies, particularly as it related to community and family life. During the Democratic Movement of the Khmer Rouge Final Stronghold Kampuchea regime, 1975–79, the Khmer Rouge prohibited the traditional Cambodian wedding ceremony. Weddings were arranged by Khmer Rouge leaders and cadre, who oen required mass ceremonies, with lile regard for tradition or individual distinction. -
1 Former S-21 Interrogator Spent Years Eliciting
FORMER S-21 INTERROGATOR SPENT YEARS ELICITING PRISONER CONFESSIONS BUT APPEARS UNWILLING TO CONFESS TO ANYTHING HIMSELF July 14, 2009 By Laura MacDonald, Member of the New York Bar and Consultant to the Center for International Human Rights, Northwestern University School of Law Mam Nai (back row, far left) and Duch (back row, second from right) at an unknown location in Phnom Penh. Date is unknown. Courtesy of Documentation Center of Cambodia Preliminary Issues: Joint Criminal Enterprise, Self-Incrimination, and Seating Assignments Yesterday, the Trial Chamber adjourned the proceedings early after discovering that testifying witness Mam Nai, a former interrogator at Tuol Sleng prison (S-21), was not represented by legal counsel and desired counsel but could not afford it. This disturbing discovery came about when international defense counsel Francois Roux raised his 1 concern that the witness was at great risk of self-incrimination given the prosecution’s recent submission to the Chamber that Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) be applied as a mode of liability in the trial of Kaing Guek Eav (alias Duch). JCE is a controversial form of criminal liability that extends equal legal responsibility to all actors in a common criminal plan. The prosecution previously represented it would not prosecute Mam at the ECCC, but this does not guarantee against prosecution in national courts, which co-prosecutor William Smith called an “extremely remote possibility.” The Chamber announced recently it will rule on the application of JCE at the same time it rules on the merits of Duch’s case; thus, it is still an open issue. -
Iq~T5~E!Eiu11ttime5.?T$~~$6 CERTIFIED COPY/COPIE CERTIFIEE Conf:ORME
E3/5 00177631 Declassified to Public 06 September 2012 tbl~f1l!mmt1tfifi1fth, mei hlIfiJln tbl~tHmnJtn Kingdom of Cambodia Nation Religion King ~~iesru 11 a~~~t1ttf~lMtf~n!~tjMffuli~m DOCUMENT RECElVEDIDOCUMENT RECU I I Extraordinary Chambers in the 111 is !p (Date of receipt/Date de reception); Courts of Cambodia .......... O.K·· ..I· ...... Q4 .... J ...... 2..0.0.~ ...... tihu (T!melHeure): .••.• ,A.O'.,':. ..s.12 ......................... til 1ttrmJruhltJltmLnm~t1m~n t!'rjg~ruu~i'lr3r~ln~/Case File Offlcer/L'agent charge Office of the Co-Investigating Judges du dossier; ....... SAN:N ... .t:~>&I).~ .............. Bureau des Co-juges d'instruction o • 'II ... nMn1tnq1Bff'lf~nnvm firru)tU ~ Lm!l ~ q{l Criminal Case File !Dossier penal Written Record of Interview of trnf3/No: 002/14-08-2006 Charged Person Proces-verbal d'interrogatoire tnnm-trt1ClJ~/Investigation/Instruction trnf3/No: 001118-07 -2007-ECCC-OCIJ The first of April, two thousand and eight, at 9: 10 a.m. We, You Bunleng til ~B1'U~ and Marcel Lemonde, Co-Investigating Judges of the Extraordinary Chambers, c.J _ IS ~ with Mr. Ham Hel tntf ttnrn and Mr. Ly Chantola rn cr§~M as Greffiers Noting the Law on the establishment of the Extraordinary Chambers, dated 27 October 2004 Noting Rule 58 of the Internal Rules of the Extraordinary Chambers With Ouch Channora iicr m~ruul and Tanheang Davannm~fin~ mfM , sworn interpreters of the ~ ~ ~ Extraordinary Chambers The Charged Person identified below has appeared before us: Kaing Guek-Eav m~ ngniil1 alias Duch qt!, male, born on 17 November 1942 Charged with Crimes against humanity and Grave Breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, offences defined and punishable under Articles 5, 6, 29 (New) and 39 (New) of the Law on the establishment of the Extraordinary Chambers, dated 27 October 2004. -
First Quarterly Report: January-March, 2012
mCÄmNÐlÉkßrkm<úCa Documentation Center of Cambodia Quarterly Report: January‐March, 2012 DC‐Cam Team Leaders and the Management Team Prepared and Compiled by Farina So Office Manager Edited by Norman (Sambath) Pentelovitch April, 2012 Sirik Savina, Outreach Coordinator, discusses with the villagers about the hearing process at Khmer Rouge Tribunal. Abbreviations CHRAC Cambodian Human Rights Action Committee CP Civil Party CTM Cambodia Tribunal Monitor DC‐Cam Documentation Center of Cambodia DK Democratic Kampuchea ECCC Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia ICC International Criminal Court ITP Sida Advanced International Training Programme KID Khmer Institute for Democracy KR Khmer Rouge MMMF Margaret McNamara Memorial Fund MRDC Mondul Kiri Resource and Documentation Centre OCP Office of Co‐Prosecutors OCIJ Office of Co‐Investigating Judges PTSD Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Sida Swedish International Development Agency TSL Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum UN United Nations UNDP United Nation for Development Program USAID United States Agency for International Development VOT Victims of Torture VPA Victims Participation Project VSS Victim Support Section YFP Youth for Peace YRDP Youth Resource Development Program 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary.............................................................................................................. 1 Results/Outcome................................................................................................................. 7 Raised Public Awareness on the Value of Documents............................................. -
Ggácmnmu Rmhvisambaøkñúgtulakark C M
00325546 E1/17.1 ŪĮйŬď₧şŪ˝˝ņįОď ďij Њ ⅜₤Ĝ ŪĮйņΉ˝℮Ūij GgÁCMnMuC RmHvisamBaØkñúgtulakarkm<úCa Kingdom of Cambodia Nation Religion King Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia Royaume du Cambodge Chambres Extraordinaires au sein des Tribunaux Cambodgiens Nation Religion Roi Β₣ðĄеĕНеĄŪņй⅜ŵřеĠР₣ Trial Chamber Chambre de première instance TRANSCRIPT OF PROCEEDINGS - “DUCH” TRIAL PUBLIC Case File Nº 001/18-07-2007-ECCC/TC 28 April 2009, 0930H Trial Day 13 Before the Judges: For the Civil Parties: NIL Nonn, Presiding HONG Kimsuon Silvia CARTWRIGHT TY Srinna YA Sokhan YUNG Phanit Jean-Marc LAVERGNE KIM Mengkhy THOU Mony Silke STUDZINSKY YOU Ottara (Reserve) Philippe CANONNE Claudia FENZ (Reserve) KONG Pisey For the Trial Chamber: Alain WERNER DUCH Phary SE Kolvuthy LIM Suy-Hong For Court Management Section: Matteo CRIPPA UCH Arun Natacha WEXELS-RISER For the Office of the Co-Prosecutors: TAN Senarong Alexander BATES PICH Sambath Stuart FORD PAK Chanlino For the Accused Person KAING GUEK EAV KAR Savuth Heleyn UÑAC 00325547 E1/17.1 Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia Trial Chamber - Trial Day 13 Case No. 001/18-07-2007-ECCC/TC KAING GUEK EAV 28/04/2009 Page i I N D E X WITNESSES THE ACCUSED, KAING GUEK EAV Questioning by Judge Lavergne resumes ....................................................................................... page 2 Questioning by Judge Thou Mony commences.............................................................................. page 18 Questioning by Mr. Tan Senarong commences.............................................................................. page 30 Questioning by Mr. Bates commences........................................................................................... page 40 00325548 E1/17.1 Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia Trial Chamber - Trial Day 13 Case No. 001/18-07-2007-ECCC/TC KAING GUEK EAV 28/04/2009 Page ii List of Speakers: Language used unless specified otherwise in the transcript Speaker Language MR. -
The Khmer Rouge Tribunal: an Ambiguous Good News Story
perspectives The Khmer Rouge Tribunal: An Ambiguous Good News Story Milton Osborne A u g u s t 2 0 0 7 The Lowy Institute for International Policy is an independent international policy think tank based in Sydney, Australia. Its mandate ranges across all the dimensions of international policy debate in Australia – economic, political and strategic – and it is not limited to a particular geographic region. Its two core tasks are to: • produce distinctive research and fresh policy options for Australia’s international policy and to contribute to the wider international debate. • promote discussion of Australia’s role in the world by providing an accessible and high quality forum for discussion of Australian international relations through debates, seminars, lectures, dialogues and conferences. Lowy Institute Perspectives are occasional papers and speeches on international events and policy. The views expressed in this paper are the author’s own and not those of the Lowy Institute for International Policy. The Khmer Rouge Tribunal: an ambiguous good news story Milton Osborne It’s [the Khmer Rouge Tribunal] heavily symbolic and won’t have much to do with justice . It will produce verdicts which delineate the KR leadership as having been a small group and nothing to do with the present regime. Philip Short, author of Pol Pot: anatomy of a nightmare, London, 2004, quoted in Phnom Penh Post, 26 January8 February 2007. Some ten months after it was finally inaugurated in July 2006, and more than twentyeight years after the overthrow of the Democratic Kampuchean (DK) regime led by Pol Pot, the Extraordinary Chambers of the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), more familiarly known as the Khmer Rouge Tribunal, has at last handed down its first indictment. -
Ung Choeun, Known As Ta
Unofficial translation Kingdom of Cambodia Nation Religion King Military Court No 07/05 Detention Order I, Ngin Sam An, Investigating Judge of the Military Court n having taken into account Criminal Case No. 397, dated 6 March 1999; n having taken into account the Order to Forward Case for Investigation No.004/05, dated 28 February 2005 of the Military Prosecutor of the Military Court after having interrogated the offender named Ung Choeun, known as Ta Mok, in order to guarantee a good investigation order the detention of Ung Choeun, known as Ta Mok, age 78 years; male; nationality: Khmer; rank…….; position: Leader of the Khmer Rouge (during the Democratic Kampuchea regime); occupation……; born in Prakeap Village, Chieng Tong Commune, Tram Kok District, Takeo Province; current residence Pteah Kandal (Choam), on the Cambodia-Thai border; father’s name Ung Preak, deceased; mother’s name Uk Soch, deceased; wife’s name Vy Naen or Pau Naem, aged 45 years; having 6 children; previous conviction:………………………………… arrested: 6 March 1999 for: war crimes and crimes against internationally protected persons, according to Article 6 and Article 8 of the Law on the Establishment of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia for the Prosecution of Crimes Committed during the period of Democracy Kampuchea committed in: Cambodia during the period from 17 April 1975 to 6 January 1979. The Prison Director/Military Prosecutor of the Military Court has the obligation to discharge this Order effectively done in Phnom Penh, 28 February 2005 Investigating -
Perspectives
perspectives The Khmer Rouge Tribunal: An Ambiguous Good News Story Milton Osborne A u g u s t 2 0 0 7 The Lowy Institute for International Policy is an independent international policy think tank based in Sydney, Australia. Its mandate ranges across all the dimensions of international policy debate in Australia – economic, political and strategic – and it is not limited to a particular geographic region. Its two core tasks are to: • produce distinctive research and fresh policy options for Australia’s international policy and to contribute to the wider international debate. • promote discussion of Australia’s role in the world by providing an accessible and high quality forum for discussion of Australian international relations through debates, seminars, lectures, dialogues and conferences. Lowy Institute Perspectives are occasional papers and speeches on international events and policy. The views expressed in this paper are the author’s own and not those of the Lowy Institute for International Policy. The Khmer Rouge Tribunal: an ambiguous good news story Milton Osborne It’s [the Khmer Rouge Tribunal] heavily symbolic and won’t have much to do with justice . It will produce verdicts which delineate the KR leadership as having been a small group and nothing to do with the present regime. Philip Short, author of Pol Pot: anatomy of a nightmare, London, 2004, quoted in Phnom Penh Post, 26 January8 February 2007. Some ten months after it was finally inaugurated in July 2006, and more than twentyeight years after the overthrow of the Democratic Kampuchean (DK) regime led by Pol Pot, the Extraordinary Chambers of the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), more familiarly known as the Khmer Rouge Tribunal, has at last handed down its first indictment. -
ECCC, Case 002/01, Issue 52
KRT TRIAL MONITOR Case 002 ■ Issue No. 52 ■ Hearing on Evidence Week 47 ■ 5 and 7 February2013 Case of Nuon Chea, Khieu Samphan and Ieng Sary Asian International Justice Initiative (AIJI), a project of East-West Center and UC Berkeley War Crimes Studies Center * And if you, the Accused, are willing to conduct your self-criticism, you would clearly see the undeniable result through invaluable and countless evidence… And that is the mass crimes committed by the revolutionary Angkar.1 - Civil Party Pin Yathay I. OVERVIEW This week the Court held only two days of hearing due to the health status of Nuon Chea. The Chamber announced that the Accused, who had been released from Khmer-Soviet Friendship Hospital the previous Thursday, had to be readmitted the following Saturday. Therefore, this week’s proceedings only addressed issues that did not pertain to his case, or certain specific topics for which he had waived his right to attend, namely the continuation of document presentation on Khieu Samphan’s role in the DK regime2 and the hearing of Civil Party Pin Yathay’s testimony. The documents presented on Tuesday shed further light on the ideological leaning of Khieu Samphan, his involvement in CPK’s Standing Committee, and the degree of his role in and knowledge of the disastrous agricultural policies of the regime, the purging, and the massacres. On Thursday, Pin Yathay took the stand and testified on his experience throughout the first and second wave of evacuation during the Democratic Kampuchea period before he absconded to Thailand in 1977. II. SUMMARY OF CIVIL PARTY TESTIMONY Pin Yathay was born in 9 March 1944. -
1973 - August 1974
£cx?N.Mlc \MPUcfifCtoNS THE LIMITS TO STABILITY: THE AE3ERMAT-H OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT ON VIETNAM, JANUARY 1973 - AUGUST 1974. YVONNE TAN PHD. THESIS UNIVERSITY OF LONDON (EXTERNAL) 1991. 1 ProQuest Number: 11015921 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11015921 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT ECONOMIC (MPUcAHws THE LIMITS TO STABILITY : THE AFTERMATH OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT ON VIETNAM, JANUARY 1973 - AUGUST 1974. The Paris Agreement of 27 January 1973 was intended, at least by some of its authors, to end the war and to bring peace to Vietnam and Indochina. Studies on the Agreement have gen erally focused on the American retreat from Vietnam and the military and political consequences leading to the fall of Saigon in April 1975. This study will seek to explore a number of questions which remain controversial. It addresses itself to considering whether under the circumstances prevailing between 1973 and 1974 the Paris Agreement could have worked. In the light of these circum stances it argues that the Agreement sought to establish a frame work for future stability and economic development through multilateral aid and rehabilitation aimed at the eventual survival of South Vietnam. -
Speaking in Two Tongues: an Ethnographic Investigation of the Literacy Practices of English As a Foreign Language and Cambodian Young Adult Learners’ Identity
Speaking in Two Tongues: An Ethnographic Investigation of the Literacy Practices of English as a Foreign Language and Cambodian Young Adult Learners’ Identity Soth Sok Student Number: 3829801 College of Education, Victoria University Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education February 2014 Speaking in Two Tongues: An ethnographic investigation of the literacy practices of English as a foreign language and Cambodian young adult learners’ identity Abstract This study focuses on how the literacy practices in English of young Cambodians shaped their individual and social perception as well as performance of identity. It examines the English language as an increasingly dominant cultural and linguistic presence in Cambodia and endeavours to fill the epistemic gap in what Gee (2008, p. 1) has identified as the ‘other stuff’ of language. This other stuff includes ‘social relations, cultural models, power and politics, perspectives on experience, values and attitudes, as well as things and places in the world’ that are introduced to the local culture through English literacy and practices. Merchant and Carrington (2009, p. 63) have suggested that ‘the very process of becoming literate involves taking up new positions and becoming a different sort of person’. Drawing on the life stories of five participants and my own-lived experiences, the investigation is in part auto-ethnographical. It considers how reading and writing behaviours in English became the ‘constitutive’ components of ‘identity and personhood’ (Street 1994, p. 40). I utilised semi-structured life history interviews with young adult Cambodian participants, who spoke about how their individual and social performance of identity was influenced by their participation in English literacy practices and events in Cambodia.